E-PORTFOLIO

SWP4 – SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE WITH GROUP

CN: 2037

Submitted by: Banticel, Nikki lou B.

Submitted to: Mataac, Gillian Abigail R. RSW.
 Attendance
Date: 8/23/21 Date: 8/24/21

Date: 8/26/21 Date: 9/1/21

Date:
9/2/21
Date:
9/3/21
Date: 9/7/21 Date: 9/15/21
Date: 9/22/21 Date: 9/23/21

Date: 9/24/21 Date: 9/27/21

Date: 9/28/21 Date: 9/30/21

Date: 10/4/21 Date: 10/12/21

Date: 10/12/29 Date:10/13/21

Date:10/14/21
Date: 10/19/21
 PRE-LIM
LEARNING INSIGHTS
 In 1911, they organized the Young Mens Christian Association. Womens Christian.
 In 1926, the Womens Christian Association
 In 1936, the Boy Scouts of the Philippines.
 In 1965, YMCA of the Philippines adopted a personnel policy to require YMCA secretaries to
have units in social group work and community organization as prerequisites to a staff position.
 In 1966, the YMCA of the Philippines gave preference for those who had training in social group
work for their staff.

CHRISTIAN CHILDRENS FUND (CCF)

This is one of the private agencies that is pioneered with social group work. It focuses on personality
growth and development of a mother, for they believe that it has a lot of help for their children’s. They
will be divided in groups and will plan for activities in different programs, and when they will already
learn the fundamentals of a group work and be united a leader will be selected with the supervision of a
social worker.

KAUNLARAN MULTI-PURPOSE CENTER

A six months group building program for children under the age of 13 to 17 years old to develop their
skills in five levels are what this agency impel. The first level of this is the self-awareness where youths
should be able to know their positive and negative feeling towards themselves through group dynamics,
bible reading and song analysis. The next level is to develop their interpersonal skills where they will be
interacting with other youths through group activities like, role playing and reflection sessions. Youths
will be encourage to express their feelings and needs towards other and they will also learn how to help
them. And, communication skills should also be developed, it is where member will learn and encourage
to express their ideas, feedbacks, feelings and perception during the activities and discussion, and also
towards their family, group peer, community and country through one-way or two-way communication
that are verbal and non-verbal. Group activities like group dynamics, outing, sports, group discussion and
slide presentation are use to enhance relationship and self-expression. Those activities will also help to
develop the two skills which are; group maintenance and leadership skills.

RIZAL YOUTH DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION (RYDF)

Rizal's out-of-school youth is the focus of this foundation. Development program for their physical,
economic and social are what this foundation aims to developed. They will be involved in sport activities
for their physical well being and sense of sportsmanship to developed and also in camping, picnics and
beautification drives to meet socialization needs and to have a positive relationship with their peers.
Through income-generating projects youth's economic and educational needs are meet. For they will be
developing and learning to have a good decision making, preparing project proposals, managing project
as a group and to work harmoniously.

THE SALVATION ARMY Golden Agers

Club is the main focused of this international organization which has a goal of fostering and maintenance
the sense of usefulness and dignity for all seniors or elder who are past 60 years old. The member's
physical, intellectual and spiritual well-being is what their program intended to promote, for the elders to
be able to have a renewed interest and avidity for life. All the programs from this agency are determined
by the group and agency's facilities and social workers are the one who gives technical inputs to ensure
the fulfilment of the chosen objective.

There are 10 Principles of Social Group work

1. The Principle of planed group formation.
- In the social group work, the agency and social group worker should be responsible
for the formation of the group or should accept the agency if already formed.
2. The Principle of Specific Objective.
- In the social group work, the group worker should help the member achieve the
objective of social work through its own specific objectives which are to assist
individuals to grow and change for the development.
3. The Principle of Purposeful Worker Group Relationship.
- In the social group work, It means a conscious focusing on the needs of the group
members and attempts to fulfill them.
4. The Principle of Continuous Individualization.
- In the social work recognizes every individual are unique in a similar way it is
recognized that every group is different and the individual uses group experience in
various ways to meet his /her needs.
5. The Principle of Guided Group Interaction.
- In the social group work, is a method through which individuals in a group in an
agency setting are helped by trained professional group workers.
6. The Principle Democratic Group Self Determination.
- In the social group work, the group should help in making its own decision and
determine its own activities.
7. The Principle of Flexible Functional Organization.
- In the social group work, every group has some formal organization of its constituents
members and this process of organization helps an individual to functions effectively.
8. The Principle of Progressive Programmer Experiences.
- In social group work, the meaning of the program here does not mean only activity
and any event. It is a border concept that includes entire pictures of individuals and
social group relationships, experience, and interaction.

9. The principles of Resources Utilization.

- In the social group work, under these principles, the group work is being guided to
utilize the available resources to enrich the content of group experience for
individuals and groups as a whole.
10. The principles of evaluation.
- In social group work, a continuous process of evaluation to asses the outcome of the
group programs is very much essential. Carefully maintained records can facilitate
proper monitoring and evaluation.
 There are different types of Groups
1. Growth
- Growth takes place when the relationship contains hunger for love, affirmation, freedom,
pleasure and adventure.
2. Treatment Group
- The treatment Group through the social group work is to process would require expert
guidance of a psychologist, psychiatrist and insights of a rehabilitated client for effective results.
3. Social Group
- The social group is two or more humans who interact with one another, share similar
characteristics, and have a collective sense of unity.
4. Interest Group
- It was learned that the members of the agency’s volunteer groups are motivated to join said
groups in order to meet their varied interests which are not being met at their work place or in
their other organization.
5. Play/Recreation Group
- Play/Recreation Group, is a human activity, individual or meaningful behaviour chosen to
meet the needs of the player and of the group with whom he/she interacts and to express values
of the individual and society in which he/she lives.

Medium of Change:
- The group will influence me by simply interacting with them as my co-group member
and leaders. By doing that I could feel the belongingness with them and for me to
increase my self-esteem.

Target of Change:
- The group will consider the size of the member if it's affecting the relationship among
the members. For example me overcoming my weakness as happy go lucky person
the group will help me overcome this by re-grouping me into the small size of group
member, wherein my co member will help me minimize my attitude of being a happy
go lucky person .

Agents of Change:
- The group as agent of change this will happen if I and my co members are having a
common experiences if we have the same threats it could give us a relevant efforts to
overcome our threats. Helping with overcoming our common threats could help us
with one another.
 PHASES IN GROUP DEVELOPMENT
HARTFORD GARLAND, NORTHE SARRI TRECKER HENRY
JONES AND N AND
KOLODNY GALISNKY
I. Pregroup I. Preaffliation I. I. Origin I. Initial
Phase. Preparatory Phase
A. Private Stage
Pregroup Planning
Phase Stage and
B. Public Intake
Pregroup
II. Convening
Phase
C. Convening
phase.
II. Group II. II. Formation I. Beginning III. Formation
Formation Orientation Phase Stage
Phase Stage II. Emergence
of some
group
feelings,
organization,
and program.
III. II. Power and III. III. III. IV. Conflict/
Integration, Control. Exploring Intermediate Development Disequilibriu
Disintegration III. Intimacy and Testing Phase 1. of bond, m
, The Group IV. Revision purpose and
Reintegration Phase. cohesiveness
Phase V.
Intermediate
Phase.
IV. Group IV. IV. VI. IV. Strong V.
Functioning Differentiatio Problem Maturation group feeling Maintenance
and n solving and Phase goal
Maintenance Stabilizatio attainment.
Phase n V. Decline in
interest; less
group feeling
V. V. Separation V. VII. VI. Ending VI.
Termination Terminatio Termination Stage Termination
Phase n phase
A. Preter-
mination
Phase.
B.
Termination

Explanation:
HARTFORD
I. Pregroup Phase – Forming a group that begins with the idea to do it
A. Private Pregroup Phase – In this phase the idea exist in the mind of the organizer. They
meet collectively to serve individuals.
B. Public Pregroup Phase – At this phase, they made know to others. People would benefit
from the group would be contacted by an agency to assess their interest and availability.
C. Convening phase – Is to preliminary meeting where they will discuss the issues.

II. Group Formation Phase

 In this phase is choosing to unite with others simply ‘’Union”
 In Social work with groups, the practitioner continues to take a lead role in promoting
communication and interaction between herself and the members and among the
members of the group.
 A knowledge and feeling and emotion felt by group members in this stage is helpful

III. Integration - Disintegration - Reintegration Phase

 In the case of developmental and task groups, the role and status structures usually begin
to emerge, and task and emotional leaders can already identified.
 Members can show a great deal of enthusiasm for the group's activities, and while they
may not be equally participative, the worker is optimistic that the group will be able to
achieve its goals.
 All these are aspects of the group's movement toward Integration
 The struggle or conflict may be serious and if not resolved can lead to the groups total
disintegration
 The process of handling conflicts that occur in a group requires the worker to be prepared
to bring such conflicts into the open discussion and resolution.
 Restate its goals, modify its structure, establish new rules for operating, define/modify
norms and redefine tasks.
 The effort can make the group move forward to a reintegration phase.

IV. Group Functioning and Maintenance Phase

 This is the period when the group, with the guidance or help of the worker, works at
implementing its plans in order to achieve the defined goals
 A sense of “Groupings” is developed during this phase.
 Because the group has matured, it is on a relatively high level of functioning and, having
reached this far, may be expected to achieve its goals.

V. Termination Phase
- Most of the group end although some groups last last longer than others. Close Group -the
members begin and end their membership at the same time. Open Group- the members enter and
leave at different times, for different reasons. Termination is not collective but, an individual
experience for the group itself can exist indefinitely.
A. Pre termination Phase.
- The group is prepared for its imminent ending.
B. Termination
- Is the actual ending, which means the last group meeting
- Post-termination- refers to the period after the a group if this is desired
 GARLAND, JONES AND KOLODNY
I. Preaffliation.
- In this phase is about joining the group, relationships are guarded and non-intimate, interactions
are superficial and stereotypical. Worker's role in pre-affiliation is gently invite trust, normalize
ambivalence, plan and implement simple ice breakers, form group contract.

II. Power and Control

 In this Power and Control, the group is already settled and found their self in the group
where they belong because they know each other and they no longer aware of their
impulses but because of this it may cause a conflict because there are members who will
want certain things to be different from the way they are in the group.
III. Intimacy
 Intimacy (true affiliation) - Group is like a family, sibling-like rivalries occur, more
openness about feelings, greater personal involvement, group seen as place of growth and
change. Worker's role in intimacy is to clarify positive and negative feelings, consistently
give to the group.
IV. Differentiation
 Members see one another as unique individuals, group identity and norms are clear,
strong cohesion, respect among members, group can run itself. Worker's role in
differentiation they Act as a facilitator, help group run itself.
V. Separation
 Group comes to a close, purposes achieved, members can experience denial and
regression. Worker's role in separation is to prepare group and self for termination by
addressing it early on, help the group let go, help the group evaluate and note progress.

NORTHEN

I. Preparatory Stage, Planning Stage and Intake

 In this stage planning the thinking, preparation, decision making, and actions of social
worker prior to the first meeting of a group. Between the time an idea for a group is
conceived and the time there is readiness to actually have the first meeting of that group,
a complicated range of decisions must be made.
II. Orientation stage
 In this stage is to determine what behavior will be acceptable to the group. Members
generally express the need to agree on their purpose as a team, to set initial goals, and to
establish ground rules. During this period, members look to the leader for guidance. A
knowledge and understanding of the feeling and emotion felt by group members in this
stage is helpful.
III. Exploring and testing the group
  In this stage indicates that members are uncertain about many aspect of group’s
operation. This phase marks the beginning of the development of a feeling of belonging
and oneness among members.
IV. Problem solving and Stabilization
 In this stage problem solving can be used to examine and resolve issues around how the
group will be conducted, how group content will be determined, for example, or whether
eating will be allowed during group meetings, and how problematic behavior and roles of
members or the monopolization of group meetings by one member.
V. Termination
 In this stage it is a dynamic and vital process in social work. It is the symbol of end on
treatment. The members are ambivalent about the separation from the worker, the group
and other member. They prepare to leave the group and make transitions to other
relationships and activities.

SARRI AND GALISNKY

I. Origin Phase
 They exploring the potential of group members to ability to fit into the other group
members. They allow to make an informed decision about the potential group
membership. So the new members into the group will with a level of commitment to
success for both the units and the members. This is the time when the new member begin
to socialize and to easily meet their needs in the group.

II. Formation Phase

 In this phase, the group member are just getting to know each other and usually do not
yet have a clear idea of what is expected of them.
 In formation phase is mao palang ang pagsulod sa mga members and involves getting to
know each other. They spend time observing each other, and they take care in how they
present themselves and want to be accepted by the rest of the group and they determining
the group real task, also they defining group rules.

III. Intermediate Phase I

 This phase is characterized by a moderate level of group cohesion, clarification of
purposes, and observable involvement of members in goal directed activities which is
reflected in the group to stick together and remain equipped with their goals and
objective.
IV. Revision Phase
 This phase is characterized by challenges to the existing group structure and an
accompanying modification of group purposes and operating procedures. It reflects how
the group affected by their existing challenges which directs them to change for a
betterment and remained equipped with their goal and objectives.
V. Intermediate Phase
  While many group has progress towards maturation, the characteristics outlined in
intermediate phase 1 may still appear through the group. It’s much more polish and
organized where the group generally manifests a higher level of integration and stability.
VI. Maturation Phase
 It is the phase that the group will experience both difficulties and stabilization. It is where
all the problems rises and crucial decision makings happens, while maintaining the group
structure. Group members will harmonized and make stable relationships with each other
while solving the problems within the group through their own group coping mechanism.
VII. Termination phase
 In this phase termination is for achievement of goals and objectives results when the
worker evaluates his or her original treatment goals for each individual and determines
that they have been attained satisfactory.

TRECKER

I. Beginning stage
 At this stage the group worker helps the member build a sense of belonging, which is an
emotional experience. In the beginning the worker should place emphasis on warmth and
friendliness rather than on group or planning. With the sense of belonging comes a
feeling of pride, warmth, affection, sharing, and commitment a sense of respect to other
members as well as a respect for group objectives.
II. Emergence of some group feelings, organization, and program.
 As the group is now ready to settle down, it can be structure at this stage. The member
must now be prepared and encouraged to assume roles and responsibilities. The worker at
this stage must constantly encourage the members to use their talents and capacities. A
functional organization must emerge at this stage so as to enable members to assume an
active role and make responsible decisions.
III. Development of bond, purpose and cohesiveness
 So in this phase of group development it is the phase where you can see the development
of gaining the trust and getting attached with each other, because in every decision that
they would make as a group the achievement and success of every activities that they
would make depends on it. They should trust each other to come up with a better decision
and solution to the given activities and also this is where the group with encounter
conflict and work together through it and become a better and stronger group for the next
activities that they might encounter.
IV. Strong group feeling goal attainment and V. Decline in interest; less group feeling
  After the first few meetings with a group, the worker should begin to feel the
development of a positive working relationship an affirmative response of the members
toward the worker and toward one another. Frequently, the worker can almost see the
group relax and spontaneity develop. Participation increases, shy persons begin to
express themselves, and members will give verbal support to each other. The candor of
their discussion is another indication of the worker's acceptance. When the group can
accept some of the limits imposed on it by the agency and the worker, this is additional
evidence that a helpful relationship is emerging. The ability to disagree with the worker
and to question the agency represents a growing security between the group and the
worker. Steady attendance and prompt arrival at meetings show how members feel about
the group and toward one another and the worker, although with public welfare clients
there are frequent reality reasons that impede promptness and steady attendance.
VI. Ending Stage
 There comes a time/point in the life of every group when it comes to an end, which can
be a positive or negative experience as the case may be. Termination date should be
announced at the outset so that the members know the time at their disposal to achieve
their objectives. The duration should however be long enough for the group to develop
and allow behavioural change .The group should review its progress from time to time
according to take decisions for the future course of action. Ending phase is important as
the same as other stages. At this stage worker should ensure that the group is terminated
in a proper way. This is a period which calls for careful thinking and analysis on the part
of the worker. The agency should operate as a helpful agent for the proper closing of the
group which has fulfilled its function in the lives of the members. By arranging satisfying
terminal experiences with groups it is possible to make the satisfying terminal
experiences with groups it is possible to make experience with group possible, to make
the conclusion of the group life a visible for further group experiences. Those members
who wish to continue may be helped to form a new group.

HENRY
I. Initial
 Initial is a phase where no group dynamics and the group that is about to develop or
create affects on how the worker act and create a group. Workers actions in identifying
the potential members and foreseeing what group will be like, it will affect the incoming
group to be created.
II. Convening
 In this Phase is a phase where they are meeting for the first time or gathering and the
Getting to know each other phase. This phase also clarification of goals and benefits they
may acquire. It is also the part where member observing each other, judged each other
and trying to look for the commonalities of each other.
III. Formation
 Sue Henry states that the key of dynamic of the formation stage is choosing to unite with
others or, simply “union”. This phase is the first of two periods of strong attachment to
other members, to the group, and to the worker.
 In social work with groups, the practitioner continuous to take a lead role in promoting
communication and interaction between herself and the members and among members of
the group. She uses program media appropriate for this phase and responsive to the needs
and interest of the group. A major aim at this time is to establish a pattern of member
 participation that will help the members to develop a beginning sense of belonging to the
group.
IV. Conflict/ Disequilibrium
 In this phase Sue Henry says that the conflict in a group is really competition for the
dominance of one's needs and desires over those of all the group members. To her
conflict is really over ownership of the group. Each member wants to fashion the group
according to his or her own design. The struggle or conflict maybe serious and if not
resolved can lead to the group total disintegration on the other hand, if the conflict is
minor , the consequences may be state of disequilibrium which the group may be able to
overcome.
V. Maintenance
 Henry called this phase a maintenance phase or a relation-building behaviour that occurs
between members of the group to maintain reciprocal trust and cooperation. This stage is
where all members of the group feel that they belong, have a connection to each other,
and acceptance is already existing in the group. The group well encounter a problem or
conflict the group will easily overcome it because of the trust was already there.
VI. Termination
 In this final phase of the group, the worker focused her intervention on synthesizing the
ending process and in reinforcing the strengths of the individual member in their ability
to share mutual concern with the group. The worker had to be very conscious of the time
elements, and yet still allow the member sufficient time to summarize the group process,
provide verbal feedback remind the group of their capacity for mutual aid and sharing
and point out the development of their support network. It was important that the worker
help the group achieve closure by this end of the session because the group would not be
reconvened.

The different concepts show that all groups have a beginning, a middle and an ending phase.
These phase can be discerned. They are condensed in short – term groups, and certainly, are
more apparent in long – term groups. There is also agreement that the movement from one phase
to next is ot linear and that the pahses or stages are not clearly demarcated . In addtion,
movement to the next phase does not preclude the group’s return an earlier level of functioning,
whether in closed groups or open groups. I also hasten to say that not all social work groups pass
through each of these phases. For example, in a rehabilitation center for drugs addicts, a group
may already be in existence so that the group will not go through the ‘’pre – group phase’’
anymore and just proceed with group formation.

Models of Social Group work

 A model is a conceptual design to solve a problem that exist in reality.

Papell and Rothman (1966) have pioneered three models.

 THE SOCIAL GOALS MODEL
 THE REMEDIAL MODEL
 THE RECIPROCAL MODEL

The social goals model

- It helps members of the community to work on solving issue and bringing about
change for oppressed population.
- Focus in community problem
The remedial model
- Its function is the treatment of individuals.
- Focus in individual problems.
The reciprocal model
- In other words, this model focuses on the major concerns of both social goals and
remedial model at the same time.

Client pag Remedial Model

Participants or members pag Socal Group Model

NOTES & LEARNING INSIGHTS