CHAPTER 10: REGRESSION AND CORRELATION

TUTORIAL
REGRESSION AND CORRELATION

10.1 LINEAR CORRELATION

1. Sketch a scatter diagram each for the following sets of data having linear correlation
coefficient.
(a) r = 1
(b) r = - 0.3
(c) r = -0.9

2. Draw a scatter diagram for the following data choosing appropriate scales and comment
on whether there appears to be any correlation.

Handspan
17 19.5 14 16.5 18 20 16 18 17.5 16
(cm)

Footlength
19 20 15.5 17 19 22 16 17.5 19 17
(cm)

3. The diameter of the longest lichens growing on gravestone were measured as below :

Age of
9 18 20 31 44 52 53 61 63 63 64 64 114 141
gravestone
(x years)
Diameter of
lichen 2 3 4 20 22 41 35 22 28 32 35 41 51 52
(y mm)

(a) Plot a scatter diagram to show the data.

(b) Calculate the values of x and y and show these as a vertical and horizontal lines.
(c) Calculate the linear Pearson’s coefficient of correlation.
(d) Comment on your results.

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 CHAPTER 10: REGRESSION AND CORRELATION

4. Calculate linear Pearson’s correlation coefficient for the following :

x 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22

y 4.1 8.6 3.2 10.4 12 8.7 9.4 13.1 16

Hence, interpret it.

10.2 SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION

5. The following information is obtained from a sample data set.

n = 10  x = 100  y = 220  xy = 3680 x 2
= 1140

Find

(a) the estimated regression line.

(b) the coefficient of determination.

6. The following table show information obtained (in hundred RM) on incomes and
monthly expenditure on food for the last month of seven household from moderate
income
Income (RM ’00) Food Expanditure (RM ’00) group
15 5
21 7
25 9
28 8
35 9
39 11
49 15

(a) Determine the least square regression line for the above data and interpret the value of
a and b.
(b) Estimate the food expenditures for a household if the monthly income is RM 2600.

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7. A survey shows that there are linear relationship between the number of sets of Muafakat
Exercise (x) students do and the marks (y) obtained in a test. The summary of information
for a sample of 10 students is given below.

 x = 55 x 2
= 385 y 2
= 52868  y = 726  xy = 4102
a. Obtain the equation of linear regression line.
b. Hence, interpret the value of the slope of the regression line obtain.
c. If a student do 5 sets of Muafakat Exercise, what is the test marks obtained?

PAST YEAR EXAMINATION QUESTIONS

MARCH 2004/2005

8. The following table exhibits the values of the variable x and the corresponding variable y
obtained from an exploratory experiment.

x 1.2 0.5 0.8 0.1 2.3 1.1 1.8 2.2

y 8.1 4.3 7.1 3.5 12.8 8.4 9.9 11.4

(a) Plot a scatter diagram. [2 marks]

(b) Evaluate x, x2, y, y2 and xy. [3 marks]

(c) Obtain the linear regression y = a + bx by using the least square method.
[4 marks]

(d) Find the regression estimate of y when x = 0.2. [2 marks]

2005/2006

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 CHAPTER 10: REGRESSION AND CORRELATION

9. A survey is conducted to determine the quality standard of workers at a production

factory. The result is as follows, where

X : represents the quality standard of workers and

Y : represents the number of defects produced by each workers.

Worker A B C D E F G

X -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

Y 45 33 20 16 9 6 3

(i) Find the least squares regression line, Y = a + bX and interpret the value of b.
(ii) Hence, estimate the value of Y when X = - 1.
[9 marks]

2006/2007

10. The following table shows the values of the variables X and Y obtained from an
experiment.

X -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

Y 33 23 21 15 9 7 3

(a) Evaluate  x,  x 2 ,  y,  y 2 and  xy . [3 marks]

(b) Find the regression line Y = a + bX and interpret the value of b. [5 marks]
(c) Calculate Pearson’s correlation coefficient and interpret the value. [3 marks]

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2007/2008

11. The following table shows the annual profit obtained by eight small industries for a
particular state versus the amount invested.

Investment (RM ‘000) 20 35 42 37 28 46 31 24

Profit (RM’000) 30 50 58 51 47 60 48 42

(i) Calculate the Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Hence, calculate the coefficient of
determination and interpret your answer.
(ii) Obtain the regression line between profit made on amount invested using the least
square method. Hence, interpret the slope of the regression line
(iii)Estimate the amount of profits made if RM45,000 is invested.
[10 marks]

2008/2009

12. The summary of annual expenditures, Y (in RM ‘000), for eight towns consisting of
different number of families, X ( in hundreds) is as follows.

x = 112.5,  x 2 = 126550, y = 228.625,  y 2 = 515241,  xy = 255150

(a) Obtain the equation of the regression line, Y = a + bX , and interpret the value of b.
[8 marks]

(b) Estimate the annual expenditure for a family living in a town consisting of 6000
families. [2 marks]

(c) Calculate and interpret the

(i) Pearson’s correlation coefficient.
(ii) Coefficient of determination
[5 marks]

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 CHAPTER 10: REGRESSION AND CORRELATION

2009/2010

13. A Mathematics lecturer states that there is a linear relationship between the quiz marks
(y) obtained by the students and the number of hours (x) spent on doing Mathematics
exercises in a week. The summary of information for a sample of 8 students is given
below.

 x = 68,  x 2 = 620,  y 2 = 6683,  y = 225,  xy = 2032,

(a) Calculate and interpret the Pearson correlation coefficient and the coefficient of
determination. [5 marks]
(b) Obtain the equation of the linear regression line. [4 marks]
(c) Interpret the value of the slope of the regression line obtained in part (b).
[2 marks]
(d) If a student spent 9 hours 30 minutes doing Mathematics exercises in a week, what is
the quiz marks obtained? [2 marks]

SUGGESTED ANSWER:
1. ...
2. 0.9071
3. (b) x = 56.7 , y = 27.7 (c) r = 0.8804
4. 0.8050
5. y = −83.7 + 10.57 x
6. (a) y = 1.1414 + 0.2642 x
7. (a) y = 65.335 + 1.321x (d) y = 71.94
8. (b) x = 10, x2 = 16.92, y = 65.50, ∑y2 = 609.13, ∑xy = 99.48
(c) y = 3.2088 + 3.9830x (d) 4.0054
9. (a) Y = 18.857 – 6.821X. (b) 25.687
10. (a) x = 0, x2 = 28, y = 111, y2 = 2423, xy = -134
(b) Y = 15.857 – 4.786X
(c) – 0. 9839 . strong negative
11. (a) r = 0.9537 , r2 = 0.9095 (b) y = 14.994 + 1.012 x (c) RM 60 534.
12. (a) Y = 9.025 + 1.925X
(b) RM 126 145 (c) (i) 0.9965. (ii) 0.993
13. (a) r = 0.9788, r 2 = 0.9580 (b) y = 3.943 + 2.845 x (d) 31

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