10 Aggregate Bases

Aggregate Base
Preparation of Subgrade
Temperature Limitations
Spreading
Compacting
Checking and Correcting Base
Priming
Method of Measurement
Basis of Payment

Subbase
Preparation of Subgrade
Temperature Limitations
Spreading
Compacting
Checking and Correcting Subbase
Method of Measurement
Basis of Payment

Aggregate Pavements or Shoulders

Preparation of Subgrade
Temperature Limitations
Spreading
Compacting
Checking and Correcting Base and Surface
Dust Palative
Method of Measurement
Basis of Payment
CHAPTER TEN:
AGGREGATE BASES
Uncoated aggregate bases are classified as compacted aggregate bases or
subbases. In general, subbase has a small amount of material passing the
No. 200 sieve making the material a well drained material. Compacted
aggregate is more dense than subbase. Aggregate bases provide additional
strength for pavement sections and allow less capillary rise of moisture
from paving subgrades, making them less susceptible to "frost heave" and
"pumping". Location, width, and depths of aggregate bases is found in the
typical cross-section sheets of the plans.

AGGREGATE BASE
An aggregate base is a dense-graded compacted aggregate that is normally
placed on a prepared subgrade in accordance with Section 105.03.

Materials used for aggregate bases are required to be size No. 53, Class D
or Higher in accordance with Section 904.

PREPARATION OF SUBGRADE

Subgrade is required to be compacted in accordance with Section 207.04.

In areas of 500 ft or less in length, or for temporary runarounds,
proofrolling is not required. Proofrolling is also not required in trench
sections where proofrolling equipment cannot be used.

TEMPERATURE LIMITATIONS

Aggregate is not placed when the air temperature is less than 35° F or on a
frozen subgrade. Frozen aggregates may not be used.

SPREADING

The aggregate is required to be spread in uniform lifts with a spreading

and leveling device approved by the PE/PS. The spreading and leveling
device is required to be capable of placing aggregate to the depth, width,
and slope specified. The compacted depth of each lift is required to be a
minimum of 3 in. and a maximum of 6 in. The aggregate is handled and
transported to minimize segregation and the loss of moisture. In areas
inaccessible to mechanical equipment, approved hand spreading methods
may be used.

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 COMPACTING

Aggregates are required to be compacted to a minimum of 100 % of the

maximum dry densities in accordance with AASHTO T 99. Compaction
equipment is required to be in accordance with Section 409.03(d).
Density of the compacted aggregate is determined in accordance with
Section 203.24(b). The aggregate is required to meet the compaction
requirements at the time subsequent courses are placed. In areas
inaccessible to compaction equipment, such as private drives, mailbox
approaches, and temporary runarounds, the compaction requirements may
be accepted by visual inspection. All displacement or rutting of the
aggregate is repaired prior to placing subsequent material.

CHECKING AND CORRECTING BASE

The top of each aggregate course is checked transversely to the cross

section and all deviations in excess of 1/2 in. are corrected. If additional
aggregate is required, the course is remixed and re-compacted.

PRIMING

A prime coat, when required, is required to be in accordance with Section

405.

METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

Compacted aggregate base is measured by the ton in accordance with

Section 109.01(b).

BASIS OF PAYMENT

The accepted quantities of compacted aggregate base are paid for at the
contract unit price per ton, complete in place. The cost of placing,
compacting, water, and necessary incidentals is included in the costs of the
pay item. Payment is not made for material placed outside of a one to one
slope from the planned typical section. Replacement of pavement
damaged by the Contractor's operations is done at no additional payment.

SUBBASE

Subbase is a foundation course of selected materials, placed and

compacted on a prepared subgrade in accordance with Section 105.03.

Subbase for PCCP consists of 3 in. of coarse aggregate No. 8 as the

aggregate drainage layer placed over a 6 in. coarse aggregate No. 53 as the
separation layer. Dense graded subbase consists of a 6 in. of coarse
aggregate No. 53.

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 Coarse aggregate No. 8 used as an aggregate drainage layer is required to
consist of 100 % crushed stone or air cooled blast furnace slag and meet
the requirements of Section 904.

PREPARATION OF SUBGRADE

Subgrade is required to be prepared in accordance with Section 207.

TEMPERATURE LIMITATIONS

Aggregate may not be placed when the air temperature is less than 35° F
or on a frozen subgrade. Frozen aggregates may not be used.

SPREADING

The aggregate is required to be spread in uniform lifts with a spreading

and leveling device approved by the PE/PS. The spreading and leveling
device is required to be capable of placing aggregate to the depth, width,
and slope specified. The compacted depth of each lift is a minimum of 3
in. and a maximum of 6 in. The aggregate is handled and transported to
minimize segregation and the loss of moisture. In areas inaccessible to
mechanical equipment, approved hand spreading methods may be used.

COMPACTING

Subbases are required to be compacted as follows:

1) Aggregate Separation Layers and Dense Graded Subbase.

Compaction is required to be in accordance with Section
301.06.

2) Aggregate Drainage Layers. Compaction consists of two

passes with a vibratory roller before trimming, and one pass
with the same roller in static mode after trimming. A
vibratory roller is required to be equipped with a variable
amplitude system, a speed control device, and have a
minimum vibration frequency of 1000 vibrations per min.
A roller in accordance with Section 409.03(d)4 may be
used.

All displacement or rutting of the aggregate drainage layers is required to

be repaired prior to placing subsequent material.

In areas inaccessible to standard size compacting equipment, a specialty

roller/compactor in accordance with Section 409.03(d) 6 may be used.

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 CHECKING AND CORRECTING SUBBASE

The top of each aggregate course is checked transversely, and all

deviations in excess of 1/2 in. are corrected. If additional aggregate is
required, the course is remixed and re-compacted.

METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

Subbase for PCCP or dense graded subbase is measured by the cubic yard
based on the theoretical volume to the neat lines as indicated on the plans.
The quantity indicated in the Schedule of Pay Items is adjusted if the
quantity is different by more than 2 % of the measured quantity.

BASIS OF PAYMENT

The accepted quantities of subbase for PCCP or dense graded subbase are
paid for at the contract price per cubic yard, complete in place. The cost
of compacting, water, aggregates placed outside neat lines as indicated on
the plans, and necessary incidentals is included in the cost of the subbase.

AGGREGATE PAVEMENTS OR SHOULDERS

Aggregate pavements or shoulder require a dense-graded compacted

aggregate which is placed on a prepared subgrade in accordance with
Section 105.03.

Materials for this use are required to be No. 53 or No. 73 in accordance

with Section 904.

PREPARATION OF SUBGRADE

Subgrade is required to be compacted in accordance with Section 207.04.

In areas of 500 ft or less in length, or for temporary runarounds,
proofrolling is not required. Proofrolling is also not required in trench
sections where proofrolling equipment cannot be used.

TEMPERATURE LIMITATIONS

Aggregate is not placed when the air temperature is less than 35° F or on a
frozen subgrade. Frozen aggregates may not be used.

SPREADING

The aggregate is required to be spread in uniform lifts with a spreading

and leveling device approved by the PE/PS. The spreading and leveling
device is required to be capable of placing aggregate to the depth, width,
and slope specified. The compacted depth of each lift is a minimum of 3
in. and a maximum of 6 in. The aggregate is handled and transported to
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 minimize segregation and the loss of moisture. In areas inaccessible to
mechanical equipment, approved hand spreading methods may be used.
COMPACTING

Aggregates are required to be immediately compacted to a minimum of

100 % of the maximum dry densities in accordance with AASHTO T 99.
Compaction equipment is required to be in accordance with Section
409.03(d). Density of the compacted aggregate is determined in
accordance with Section 203.24(b). The aggregate is required to meet the
compaction requirements at the time subsequent courses are placed. In
areas inaccessible to compaction equipment, such as private drives,
mailbox approaches, and temporary runarounds, the compaction
requirements may be accepted by visual inspection. All displacement or
rutting of the compacted aggregate is repaired prior to placing subsequent
material.

CHECKING AND CORRECTING BASE AND SURFACE

The top of each aggregate course is checked transversely and all

deviations in excess of 1/2 in. are corrected. If additional aggregate is
required, the course is remixed and re-compacted.

DUST PALATIVE

A dust palative, if required, is required to be in accordance with Section

407.

METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

Compacted aggregate is measured by the ton in accordance with Section

109.01(b) for the type specified.

BASIS OF PAYMENT

The accepted quantities of compacted aggregate are paid for at the

contract unit price per ton, for the type specified, complete in place. The
cost of placing, compacting, water, and necessary incidentals is included
in the costs of the compacted aggregate. Payment is not made for material
placed outside of a one to one slope from the planned typical section.
Replacement or repair of pavement or shoulders damaged by the
Contractor's operations does not require additional payment.

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