UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA

FACULTY OF ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS

Midterm Exam
First Semester 2017/2018

Subject : Statistics for Economic and Business (ECEU601200)

Date : Wednesday, October 25, 2017
Time : 180 minutes

Note: You may use calculator

The use of cellular phone for calculator is strictly prohibited
This set of problems is divided into five problems with similar contribution to the total mark

Problem I. For Question 1 – 14, select A or B or C or D for the most appropriate answer, and
write down the letter on the answering sheet.

1. Respondents were asked, "Do you now earn more than or less than you did five years ago?"
What is this level of measurement?
A. Interval.
B. Ordinal.
C. Nominal.
D. Ratio.

2. A statistics class of 60 students evaluated the instructor using the following scale: excellent,
good, average, poor, and inferior. The descriptive summary showed the following survey
results: 2% excellent, 6% good, 40% average, 45% poor, and 7% inferior.
A. The instructor's performance was great!!!.
B. The instructor's performance was inferior.
C. Most students rated the instructor at most average..
D. No conclusions can be made.

3. For which of the following population parameters is sampling necessary?

A. The average height of Persija players.
B. The median age all student of FEBUI batch 2017.
C. The percentage of the FEB UI lecturers who have no car.
D. The average life of light bulbs produced by a manufacturer.

4. An experiment may have:

A. Only one outcome.
B. Only two outcomes.
C. Two or more outcomes.
D. Several outcomes.

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5. A purchasing agent for a trucking company is shopping for replacement tires for their trucks
from two suppliers. The suppliers' prices are the same. However, Supplier A's tires have an
average life of 60,000 miles with a standard deviation of 10,000 miles. Supplier B's tires have
an average life of 60,000 miles with a standard deviation of 2,000 miles.
Which of the following statements is true?
A. The two distributions of tire life are the same.
B. On average, Supplier A's tires have a longer life then Supplier B's tires.
C. The life of Supplier B's tire is more predictable than the life of Supplier A's tires.
D. The dispersion of Supplier A's tire life is less than the dispersion of Supplier B's tire life.

6. A probability based on logical analysis rather than on observation or personal judgment is best
referred to as a(an) ______________.
A. Subjective probability.
B. Empirical probability.
C. A priori (or classical) probability.
D. None of the above.

7. In a contingency table, we describe the relationship between

A. two variables measured at the ordinal or nominal level.
B. two variables, one measured as an ordinal variable and the other as a ratio variable
C. two variables measured at the interval or ratio level
D. a variable measure on the interval or ratio level and time.

8. If two events are independent, then their joint probability is

A. computed with the special rule of addition.
B. computed with the special rule of multiplication.
C. computed with the general rule of multiplication.
D. computed with Bayes theorem.

9. Which approach to probability assumes that the outcomes are equally likely?
A. Classical
B. Empirical
C. Subjective
D. Mutually exclusive

10. Consider the following discrete probability distribution. What is the probability that X is
greater than 2?
X –3 –2 0 1 2
𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥) 0.15 0.25 0.10 0.30 0.20

A. 0.15.
B. –0.15.
C. 0.
D. 0.20.

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11. Besides measuring change in the prices of goods and services, the consumer price index has a
number of other applications such as:
A. To determine real disposable personal income.
B. To find the purchasing power of money income.
C. Establish cost of living increases.
D. All of the above.

12. Which of the following is an example of cross-section data?

A. Nominal GDP of Indonesia in 2015 by province.
B. Real GDP of Indonesia in 2015 by main islands.
C. Quarterly housing price collected over the last 40 years.
D. A and B.

13. Which of the following correctly identifies the expression for calculating the inflation rate for
period t, based on the CPI?
A. 𝑖𝑡 = (𝐶𝑃𝐼𝑡−1 − 𝐶𝑃𝐼𝑡 )⁄𝐶𝑃𝐼𝑡
B. 𝑖𝑡 = (𝐶𝑃𝐼𝑡−1 − 𝐶𝑃𝐼𝑡 )⁄𝐶𝑃𝐼𝑡−1 × 100
C. 𝑖𝑡 = (𝐶𝑃𝐼𝑡 − 𝐶𝑃𝐼𝑡−1 )⁄𝐶𝑃𝐼𝑡−1
D. 𝑖𝑡 = (𝐶𝑃𝐼𝑡 − 𝐶𝑃𝐼𝑡−1 ) × 100

14. Which of the following sets of outcomes described below in I and II represent collectively
exhaustive events?
I. “Your final course grade is an A”, “Your final course grade is a B”.
II. “Your final course grade is an A”, “Your final course grade is a pass”.
A. Neither I nor II represent collectively exhaustive events.
B. Both I and II represent collectively exhaustive events.
C. Only I represents collectively exhaustive events.
D. Only II represents collectively exhaustive events.

Give short answer to Question 15 – 20.

15. If the mean of a distribution is smaller than the median and mode, the distribution is __________
skewed.

16. A probability distribution is a listing of the expected outcomes of an experiment and the
probability of each outcome occurring. What is the sum of the probabilities? ________

17. 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) for mutually exclusive events is __________.

18. The probability that a specific event will occur given that another specific event has occurred is
________ probability.

The following paragraph is for Question 19 and Question 20.

A company was studying the demographics of their customers. As part of the study they collected
the following variables: gender, marital status, annual income, and age. Label each variable as (a)
qualitative or quantitative, (b) discrete or continuous.

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19. Gender: (a) ___________, (b) ___________.
Marital Status: (a) ___________, (b) ___________.

20. Annual income: (a) ___________, (b) ___________.

Age: (a) ___________, (b) ___________.

Problem II.

As a researcher, Dr. Stem disseminates data from Susenas 2015 (provided by Biro Pusat Statistik),
and selects 128 households from Jawa Barat Province. Dr. Stem is interested in analysing monthly
household expenditure on LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) used for daily cooking. He had just
constructed Stem-and-Leaf diagram from 113 household expenditures on LPG (in 000 rupiahs).

Sum Freq Stem

211 13 1 0 1 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 9 9 9 9
301 12 2 0 1 1 2 4 4 7 7 8 9 9 9
1159 33 3 1 1 1 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 444455556666777799999
1012 23 4 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 44466788999
743 14 5 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 6 6 79
319 5 6 0 2 5 6 6
595 8 7 0 0 3 3 5 789
256 3 8 0 8 8
0 0 9
0 0 10
115 1 11 5
125 1 12 5
4836 113
Notes: Unit of Stem=10; unit of leaf=1;

The 15-remaining data had not been incorporated in the above stem-and-leaf display are as
follows.
18 19 29 29 31 32 34 35 40 41 42 43 44 51 65; Sum = 553
As a research assistant to Dr. Stem, you are asked to conduct data analysis with detail task
pointed in the following questions.

a. Reconstruct a complete stem-and-leaf display by incorporating the additional 15-data!

(4)
b. Find the Q1, median and Q3 and arithmetic mean from the complete data!
(4)
c. Construct a box-plot diagram! Do you find any outlier’s data? Show the calculation.
(4)
d. If you want to compare the dispersion of data between those at stem 1 and stem 5, what is the
best measure that should be used? Explain why!
(3)

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e. Based on (d), which stem has more diverse data? Show the calculation.
(5)

Problem III.

A survey using a bundle of three commodities was conducted to estimate the cost of living in a
village area. The survey covered consumption (in kilogram) and price (in rupiah per kilogram).

Consumption (C) and Price (P)

Commodity C 2014 P 2014 C 2015 P 2015 C 2016 P 2016
Rice 11 10 9 12 8 13
Sorghum 13 9 14 9 15 10
Sugar 15 15 13 18 10 23

Questions:
a. Construct a price index using Laspeyres method with 2015 as a base year.
(4)
b. Calculate the inflation rate for 2015 and 2016.
(3)
c. Suppose the daily wage of a person in 2016 was Rp100,000. What was the purchasing power
for that wage at 2016 compared to the same amount of wage at 2014?
(3)
d. If the daily wage of a person in the village in 2016 was Rp500,000, what should be the
wage in 2015 so that it had the same purchasing power?
(3)
e. Calculate the rate of growth for consumption of each commodities 2014 – 2015 and 2015–
2016.
(3)
f. Based on (e), comment whether or not Laspeyres method is more suitable than Paasche
method.
(4)

Problem IV.

The following table provided by the Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) contains counts (in thousands) of
civilian population of DKI Jakarta in February 2017. This population is classified by gender (male
and female) and employment status (employed, unemployed (but looking for a job), and not-in-
labor-force (not looking for a job).

Labor Force in Jakarta, February 2017 (in thousand)

Gender Employed Unemployed Not in Labor Force Civilian Population
Male 3115 169 599 3883

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 Female 2054 124 1722 3900
Total 5169 293 2321 7783

Thus, Civilian Population consists Labor Force and Not in Labor Force; and the Labor Force
consists of Employed and Unemployed.
1. Calculate the probability that a randomly chosen member of the civilian population is in Labor
Force?
(3)
2. Suppose you are told that the randomly chosen person is Female. What is the probability that
the person is employed?
(3)
3. What is the probability that the randomly chosen person is Not Unemployed?
(4)
4. What is the probability that a randomly selected person from the civilian population is Female
and Employed?
(3)
5. What is the probability that the randomly selected person is Female or Not in Labor Force?
(3)
6. Show that gender and being in the labor force are not independent.
(4)

Problem V.

A survey was conducted on 300 soldiers to assess the effectiveness of shooting practice. Each
soldier was given 6 bullets and was asked to shoot the target 6 times. The observations were limited
to whether the shootings were on target (hits) or missed the target (misses). Distribution of the
number of hits per soldier is presented in the table below.

Number of hits Number of Soldiers

(per soldier)
0 36
1 48
2 72
3 54
4 48
5 24
6 18
Total 300
Questions:

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 a. Based on the data, using empirical concept of probability, construct a probability
distribution for number of hits.
(4)
b. Calculate the expected value of the probability distribution found in (a).
(3)
c. Suppose the study is going to be used to model a theoretical probability distribution for the
random variable number of bullets on target, i.e. binomial probability distribution. Explain
what assumption should be met so that binomial probability distribution is suitable?
(4)
d. Suppose the binomial distribution on (c) has also six shootings. Based on (c), what is the
probability of a hit?
(2)
e. Suppose it is applied to a 10 bullets for each soldier. What is the probability of having at
most 2 hits out of 10 shots?
(4)
f. Similar to (e), what is the probability of having at least 4 hits out of 10 shots?
(3)

Selected Formulas

(x − x )  (m − x ) (x − )  (m −  )
2 2 2 2
fi fi
s 2
= i
; s 2
= i
;  2
= i
;  2
= i

n −1 n −1 N N
E ( X ) =  =  xi P ( X = xi ) ; Var ( X ) =  2 =  ( xi −  ) P ( X = xi ) 
2

 

P ( X = x ) = ( nx ) x (1 −  ) ; E ( X ) =  X = n ; Var ( X ) =  2 = n (1 −  )
n− x

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