Eastern Star Academy, Inc.

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

3rd Quarter
Student’s Name: __________________________________________________
Grade Level: Grade 8 Learning Modality: Modular Distance Learning
Subject: Science 8 Subject Teacher: Peter D. Cloma Jr., LPT

GENERAL INSTRUCTION:
Please read carefully. You may jot down notes or use highlighter in reading the information
sheets to assure retention and comprehension. DO NOT SUBMIT an
INCOMPLETE/UNACCOMPLISHED INFORMATION SHEETS and JOURNAL. The activity
sheets will be submitted according to the given schedule. PLEASE WRITE LEGIBLY. Always
write your name and other essential data upon submission. PLEASE follow the prescribed
schedule to avoid incomplete outputs and cramming in the process. DO NOT CHEAT.
Disciplinary actions will be taken if caught and proven. Enjoy learning.

LESSON 1: The Particle Nature of Matter

After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Describe the particle nature of matter; and
2. Explain the properties of solids, liquids, and gases based on the particle
nature of matter. (MELC Week 1-2 S8MT-IIIa-b-8)

Matter
Everything we see or even
not seen in the universe is matter.
Matter is anything that occupies
space and has mass. Leaves,
human hearts, toys, flour, smoke,
and air are examples of matter
because they occupy space and
have mass. Light and sound are
not examples of matter since they
do not occupy space nor have mass.
Matter is made of tiny particles. These particles are arranged depending on
their states. The arrangement of particles of each state gives matter its own unique
properties. In the pictures below, a solid material, a liquid material, and a gas
inside a balloon can be viewed sub-microscopically as substances composed of
tiny particles.

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Solid
It has definite shape and volume because its particles are closely
packed together in a fixed position. These particles vibrate and are held
together by strong attractive forces. It is difficult to compress the particles.

Liquid
It has a definite volume and takes the shape of the container. Liquid
flows easily because its particles have enough space and have less
attractive force. The spaces in the particles allows particles to be
compressed a little bit.

Gas
It takes the volume and shape of the container. Gas particles are far
from each other that is why they have the weak attractive force and can
flow easily. They occupy the entire space available. The large spaces in
between particles allows particles to be compressed easily.

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In general, solids are denser than liquids, which are denser than gases. . The
particles in the solid are touching with very little space between them. The particles
in a liquid usually are still touching but there are some spaces between them. The
gas particles have big distances between them.
Solid � In a solid, the attractive forces keep the particles together tightly enough so
that the particles do not move past each other. Their vibration is related to their
kinetic energy. In the solid the particles vibrate in place.

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Liquid � In a liquid, particles will flow or glide over one another, but stay toward the
bottom of the container. The attractive forces between particles are strong enough to
hold a specific volume but not strong enough to keep the molecules sliding over
each other.
Gas � In a gas, particles are in continual straight-line motion. The kinetic energy of
the molecule is greater than the attractive force between them, thus they are much
farther apart and move freely of each other. In most cases, there are essentially no
attractive forces between particles. This means that a gas has nothing to hold a
specific shape or volume.
(A fourth state of matter, called plasma, exists when a gas becomes ionized. Plasma
exists inside stars and in interstellar gases.)

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 LESSON 2: The Phase Change
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Identify phase changes;
2. Describe how matter undergoes phase change; and
3. Explain physical changes in terms of the arrangement and motion of
atoms and molecules. (MELC Week 3-4 S8MT-IIIc-d-9)

Matter has three states. The state of matter can be in the form of solid,
liquid or a gas. When matter changes its states, it is said to be undergoing a Phase
Change. This lesson on the Phase Change of Matter explains the changes taking
place when matter changes its state.

Phase Change
Matter occurs in three states such as solid, liquid and gas. When ice melts,
it changes its state from solid to liquid. This change of state is known as melting.
On the other hand, animal oil solidifies when cooled. This change of state from
liquid to solid is called solidification. Both melting and solidification are referred as
Phase change. We can see that there is a phase change when the current state of
matter changes into another state, and still retaining its original composition. When
phase change occurs, only the state of the substance is change but its chemical
composition is retained. What are some examples of phase changes?

Matter undergoes phase changes. The phase change is a change from one
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state to another without changing the chemical composition of a substance. There
are six phase changes that matter can undergo.

Melting is the change of matter from solid state to a liquid state. When liquid
state changes back to a solid state, this phase change is called freezing/
solidification. Evaporation is changing matter from the liquid state to gas state,
while condensation is the change from the gaseous state to liquid state. When
solid state directly changes to gas without passing the liquid state, it is called
sublimation. In addition, deposition is the change from a gaseous state directly to
solid state.
Increasing the temperature will result in the increase of kinetic energy
(motion) of particles and this will affect the current arrangement of the particles in
solid, liquid and gas. As the temperature and the kinetic energy are both increase,
the tiny particles move, resulting to a farther distance between the particles.

Decreasing the temperature will result in the decrease of kinetic energy

(motion) of particles, leading to a closer distance between the particles. The lower
the temperature and the kinetic energy, the closer the particles are together.

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 ACTIVITY SHEETS
Student’s Name: __________________________________________________
Grade Level: Grade 8 Learning Modality: Modular Distance Learning
Subject: Science 8 Subject Teacher: Peter D. Cloma Jr., LPT

Supply the missing word below:

1. Name the four states of matter.

___________________________________________________________________
2. Define solids.
___________________________________________________________________
3. Define liquids.
___________________________________________________________________
4. Define gas.
___________________________________________________________________
5. Define plasma.
___________________________________________________________________

6. Define fluid.
___________________________________________________________________
7. All matter has _____________________________ and takes up
_________________________________.
8. Liquids take up a ______________________________ amount of space.
9. Solids have a ____________________________ shape.
10. Gasses and plasma are called _________________ because their shape is
always changing.
12. Solids have a ______________________ volume.
13. Liquids have a ______________________ volume.
14. Why are solids, liquids, plasma and gas considered matter?
___________________________________________________________________
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15. Is water the only liquid? If not, name 5 more.
___________________________________________________________________

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 16. Is a rock the only solid? If not, name 5 more.
___________________________________________________________________
17. Is air the only gas? If not, name 5 more.
___________________________________________________________________
18. What does "definite" mean?
___________________________________________________________________
19. What is the most important liquid to living things?
___________________________________________________________________
20. What is the most important solid to living things?
___________________________________________________________________
21. What is the most important gas to living things?
___________________________________________________________________
22. A __________________ and _________________ takes the shape of their
containers.
23. A ____________________ will not take the shape of its container.
24. A ____________________ will fill the entire container.
25. A ____________________ will flow only sideways and down.
26. A ____________________ is usually flat on top.
27. A ____________________ changes its volume constantly.
28. A ____________________ never changes its volume or shape.
29. _________________, _________________ , ___________________ all have
mass. (It rhymes!)
30. A ____________________ can flow upward.

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SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA

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 JOURNAL
Name: _______________________ Topic: _____________________________
Subject: _________________________ Week #: ____________________
Write your realization, understandings, and all things you’ve learned and
experienced in accomplishing the module. Write legibly.
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Parent’s/ Guardian’s Signature: __________________

Teacher’s Feedback:
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