11

.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

BASIC CALCULUS
Quarter 3 – Module 2
Limits of Transcendental Functions
and Special Limits
Mathematics – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 2: Limits of Transcendental Functions and Special Limits
First Edition, 2020

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 11

Basic Calculus
Quarter 3 – Module 2
Limits of Transcendental
Functions
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Grade 11-Basic Calculus Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

Module on Limits of Transcendental Functions and Special Limits!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher
or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking
into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

2
For the learner:

Welcome to the Grade 11-Basic Calculus Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

Module on Limits of Transcendental Functions and Special Limits!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while
being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
What I Know
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you link
What’s In the current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be

What’s New introduced to you in various ways; a story, a
song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity
or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
What is It lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
What’s More
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
What I Have Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will
What I Can Do help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

3
 This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another activity will be given
Additional Activities to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do
not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that
you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful

learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You
can do it!

4
 I

LEARNING COMPETENCIES

▪ Compute the limits of exponential, logarithmic, and

trigonometric functions using tables of values and graphs of the
function (STEM_BC11LC-IIIb-1)
sin 𝑡 1−cos 𝑡 𝑒 𝑡 −1
▪ Illustrate limits involving the expressions 𝑡 , and
𝑡 𝑡
using tables of values (STEM_BC11LC-IIIb-2)

OBJECTIVES:
sin 𝑡 1−cos 𝑡
K: Illustrate limits involving the expressions , 𝑡 and
𝑡
𝑒 𝑡 −1
using tables of values;
𝑡
S: Compute the limits of exponential, logarithmic, and
trigonometric functions using tables of values and graphs of
the function;
A: Show appreciation on the importance of limits to real life
situations.

5
 I

Real-world situations can be expressed in terms of functional relationships. These

functional relationships are called mathematical models. In applications of calculus, it is quite
important that one can generate these mathematical models.
Both in theory and practice there are other functions, called transcendental, that are very
useful.
By definition, “transcendental function is any function of x which is not algebraic”,
(Woods & Bailey, 1917). The elementary transcendental functions includes the exponential,
logarithmic and trigonometric functions.

PRE-ASSESSMENT
Evaluate the following limits by constructing table of values.
1. lim 3𝑥
𝑥→1
2. lim 5𝑥
𝑥→2
3. lim log 𝑥
𝑥→4
4. lim cos 𝑥
𝑥→0
5. lim sin 𝑥
𝑥→𝜋

6
 Limits of Transcendental Functions
Lesson (Exponential, Logarithmic, Trigonometric
Functions) & Special Limits

’s In

PRIOR-KNOWLEDGE:

Let us recall some of the limit laws we have learned in the past lesson.

LIMIT LAWS:
Suppose that c is a constant and the limits
lim 𝑓(𝑥) and lim 𝑔(𝑥) exist, then
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

1. lim⁡[ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) + 𝑔(𝑥)] = lim 𝑓(𝑥) + ⁡ lim 𝑔(𝑥)

𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

2. lim⁡[ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) − 𝑔(𝑥)] = lim 𝑓(𝑥) − ⁡ lim 𝑔(𝑥)

𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

3. lim⁡[𝑐 𝑓(𝑥 )] = 𝑐 lim 𝑓(𝑥)

𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

4. lim⁡[ 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑔(𝑥)] = lim 𝑓(𝑥) ∙ ⁡ lim 𝑔(𝑥)

𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

𝑓 (𝑥 ) lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→𝑎
5. lim⁡ 𝑔(𝑥) = , if lim 𝑔(𝑥) ≠ 0
𝑥→𝑎 lim 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑥→𝑎
𝑥→𝑎

6. lim⁡[ 𝑓(𝑥)]𝑛 = [lim⁡ 𝑓(𝑥)]𝑛 , where n is a positive integer

𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

7. lim⁡ 𝑐 = 𝑐
𝑥→𝑎

8. lim⁡ 𝑥 = 𝑎
𝑥→𝑎

9. lim⁡ 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 , where n is a positive integer

𝑥→𝑎

10. lim⁡ 𝑛√𝑥 = 𝑛√𝑎, where n is a positive integer

𝑥→𝑎

(If n is even, we assume that a > 0.)

11. . lim⁡ 𝑛√𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑛√lim⁡ 𝑓(𝑥), where n is a positive integer

𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

(If n is even, we assume that lim⁡ 𝑓(𝑥) > 0.)

𝑥→𝑎

7
 ’s New

Task 1: Remember My Function!

1. If 𝑏 > 0, 𝑏 ≠ 1, what is the exponential function with base b?

2. Let 𝑏 > 0, 𝑏 ≠ 1. If 𝑏 𝑦 = 𝑥⁡. 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛⁡𝑦⁡𝑖𝑠⁡𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑⁡𝑡ℎ𝑒⁡𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑚⁡𝑜𝑓⁡𝑥⁡𝑡𝑜⁡𝑡ℎ𝑒⁡𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒⁡𝑏.
What denotes the function in symbol?

is It

I. EVALUATING LIMITS OF EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION

Consider the natural exponential function 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥 , where 𝑒 is called the

Euler number, and has the value of 2.718281….

Illustrative Example 1. Evaluate the lim 𝑒 𝑥 .

𝑥→0
Solution:
We shall evaluate the limit by using two means: throug table of values
and by graphical approach.

Through tables of values:

Construct the table of values for 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥 . We will do so by approaching
the number 0 from the left or through the values less than but close to 0, and by
approaching the number 0 from the right or through the values greater than but
close to 0.

Approaching 0 from the left:

𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥
-1 0.36787944117
-0.5 0.60653065971
-0.1 0.90483741803
-0.01 0.99004983374
-0.001 0.99900049983
-0.0001 0.999900049983
-0.00001 0.99999000005

Intuitively, as ⁡𝑥 approaches to 0 from the left, 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥

is approaching to 1. Therefore, the limit of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥 as 𝑥 approaches to zero
from the left, is 1..

8
Approaching 0 from the right:
𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥
1 2.71828182846
0.5 1.6487212707
0.1 1.10517091808
0.01 1.01005016708
0.001 1.00100050017
0.0001 1.000100005
0.00001 1.00001000005

Intuitively, as ⁡𝑥 approaches to 0 from the right, 𝑓 (𝑥 ) is approaching to 1.

Therefore, the limit of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥 is 1 as 𝑥 approaches to zero from the right.
From the table, as the values of 𝑥 get closer and closer to 0, the values of
𝑓 (𝑥 ) get closer and closer to 1.Combining the two sided limits, we have,
lim 𝑒 𝑥 = 1.
𝑥→0

Through a graph:
To determine the lim 𝑒 𝑥 , use the graph 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥 .
𝑥→0

𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥

Through inspection of the figure, as the value of x approaches to 0 either

from the left or from the right, 𝑓 (𝑥 ) gets closer and closer to 1. Therefore, using
the graph of 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 through a graph, lim 𝑒 𝑥 = 1.
𝑥→0

9
II. EVALUATING LIMITS OF LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION

Consider the natural logarithmic function 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ln 𝑥. Recall that

ln 𝑥 = log 𝑒 𝑥. Moreover, ln 𝑥 is the inverse of the natural exponential function
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥 or 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 .

Illustrative Example . Evaluate the lim ln 𝑥.

𝑥→1
Solution
We shall evaluate the limit using the tables of values.

Construct the table of values for 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ln 𝑥. We start by approaching the

number 1 from the left or through the values less than but close to 1, and then
approach the number 1 from the right or through the values greater than but close
to 1.

Approaching 1 from the left:

𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ln 𝑥
0.1 -2.30258509299
0.5 -0.69314718056
0.9 -0.10536051565
0.99 -0.01005033585
0.999 -0.00100050033
0.9999 -0.0001000005
0.99999 -0.00001000005
Intuitively, as ⁡𝑥 approaches to 1 from the left, 𝑓 (𝑥 ) is approaching to 0.
Therefore limit of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ln 𝑥 is 0 as x approaches to 1 from the left.

Approaching 1 from the right:

𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ln 𝑥
2 0.69314718056
1.5 0.4054651081
1.1 0.0953101798
1.01 0.00995033085
1.001 0.00099950033
1.0001 0.000099995
1.00001 0.00000999995

Intuitively, as ⁡𝑥 approaches to 1 from the right, 𝑓 (𝑥 ) is approaching to 0.

Therefore limit of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ln 𝑥 is 0 as x approaches to 1 from the right.
From the table, as the values of x get closer and closer to 1, the values of
𝑓 (𝑥 ) get closer and closer to 0. Combining the two sided limits, hence,
lim ln 𝑥 = 0.
𝑥→1

10
Illustrative Example 3. Evaluate the lim log 𝑥.
𝑥→1
Solution:
Since, by common logarithmic function
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = log10 𝑥.
( )
Recall that 𝑓 𝑥 = log10 𝑥 = log 𝑥. Using tables of values, we can
determine the lim log 𝑥.
𝑥→1

Through tables of values:

We will construct the table of values for 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = log 𝑥.

Approaching 1 from the left:

𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥) = log 𝑥
0.1 -1
0.5 -0.30102999566
0.9 -0.04575749056
0.99 -0.0043648054
0.999 -0.00043451177
0.9999 0.00004343161
0.99999 0.00000434296
Intuitively, as ⁡𝑥 approaches to 1 from the left, 𝑓 (𝑥 ) is approaching to 0.
Therefore limit of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = log 𝑥 is 0 as x approaches to 1 from the left.

Approaching 1 from the right:

𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = log 𝑥
2 0.3010299956
1.5 0.17609125905
1.1 0.04139268515
1.01 0.00432137378
1.001 0.00043407747
1.0001 0.00004342727
1.00001 0.00000434292

Intuitively, as ⁡𝑥 approaches to 1 from the right, 𝑓 (𝑥 ) is approaching to 0.

Therefore limit of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = log 𝑥 is 0 as x approaches to 1 from the right.
From the table, as the values of x get closer and closer to 1, the values of
( )
𝑓 𝑥 get closer and closer to 0. Combining the two sided limits, hence,
lim log 𝑥 = 0.
𝑥→1

11
 At this point, we shall verify the limit values in Example 2 and Example 3
by graphical approach.

Illustrative Example 4. Evaluate the lim ln 𝑥 and lim log 𝑥.

𝑥→1 𝑥→1
Through a graph:
Consider the graphs of both the natural and common logarithmic
functions. We can use the graphs to determine their limits as 𝑥 approaches 1.

By inspecting the graph, we can see that lim ln 𝑥 = 0 and lim log 𝑥 = 0
𝑥→1 𝑥→1

III. EVALUATING LIMITS OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Illustrative Example 5. Evaluate the lim sin 𝑥.

𝑥→0
Solution
We shall evaluate lim sin 𝑥 by using tables of values and graphical
𝑥→0
approach.

Through tables of values:

Construct the table of values for 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = sin 𝑥. We start by approaching the
number 0 from the left or through the values less than but close to 0, and
approaching the number 0 from the right or through the values greater than but
close to 0.

Approaching 1 from the left:

𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = sin 𝑥
-1 -0.8414709848
-0.5 -0.4794255386
-0.1 -0.09983341664
-0.01 -0.00999983333
-0.001 -0.00099999983
-0.0001 -0.00009999999
-0.00001 -0.00000999999
Intuitively, as ⁡𝑥 approaches to 0 from the left, 𝑓 (𝑥 ) is approaching to 0.
Therefore, the limit of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = sin 𝑥 is 0 as x approaches to 0 from the left.

12
Approaching 0 from the right:
𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = sin 𝑥
1 0.8414709848
0.5 0.4794255386
0.1 0.09983341664
0.01 0.00999983333
0.001 0.00099999983
0.0001 0.00009999999
0.00001 0.00000999999

Intuitively, as ⁡𝑥 approaches to 0 from the right, 𝑓 (𝑥 ) is approaching to 0.

Therefore limit of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = sin 𝑥 is 0 as x approaches to 0 from the right.
From the table, as the values of x get closer and closer to 0, the values of
𝑓 (𝑥 ) get closer and closer to 0. Combining the two sided limits, hence,
lim sin 𝑥 = 0.
𝑥→0

B. Through a graph:
We can also find lim sin 𝑥 by using the graph of the sine function.
𝑥→0
Consider the graph of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = sin 𝑥

Figure 1: Graph of a sine function

By inspecting, as the value of 𝑥 approaches to zero from either left or right

of it, 𝑓(𝑥) approaches to 0. Thus, lim sin 𝑥 = 0
𝑥→0

13
IV. EVALUATING SPECIAL LIMITS
sin 𝑡
Illustrative Example 1. Evaluate the lim .
𝑡→0 𝑡
Solution
sin 𝑡
Using tables of values and graphical approach, we can evaluate lim .
𝑡→0 𝑡
Through tables of values:
sin 𝑡
Construct the table of values for 𝑓 (𝑡 ) = . We start by approaching the
𝑡
number 0 from the left or through the values less than but close to 0, and
approaching the number 0 from the right or through the values greater than but
close to 0.

Approaching 0 from the left:

𝑡 sin 𝑡
𝑓 (𝑡 )= 𝑡
-1 0.8414709848
-0.5 0.9588510772
-0.1 0.9983341665
-0.01 0.9999833334
-0.001 0.99999998333
-0.0001 0.99999999983

Intuitively, as ⁡𝑡 approaches to 0 from the left, 𝑓 (𝑡 ) is approaching to 1.

sin 𝑡
Therefore limit of 𝑓 (𝑡 ) = 𝑡 is 1 as t approaches to 0 from the left.

Approaching 0 from the right:

𝑡 sin 𝑡
𝑓 (𝑡 )= 𝑡
1 0.8414709848
0.5 0.9588510772
0.1 0.9983341665
0.01 0.9999833334
0.001 0.99999998333
0.0001 0.99999999983

Intuitively, as ⁡𝑡 approaches to 0 from the right, 𝑓 (𝑡 ) is approaching to 1.

sin 𝑡
Therefore limit of 𝑓 (𝑡 ) = is 1 as 𝑡 approaches to 0 from the right.
𝑡
From the table, as the values of 𝑡 get closer and closer to 0, the values of
𝑓 (𝑡 ) get closer and closer to 1.
sin 𝑡 sin 𝑡
Since, lim− = 1 and lim+ = 1 are both equal to 1. Then,
𝑡→0 𝑡 𝑡→0 𝑡
sin 𝑡
lim = 1.
𝑡→0 𝑡

14
 sin 𝑡
Now we shall use the sketch of the graph of 𝑓 (𝑡) = to inspect the liimit
𝑡
of lim 𝑓(𝑡)
𝑡→0
Through a graph:

sin 𝑡
The graph of 𝑓 (𝑡 ) = below confirms that the 𝑓(𝑡) values approach 1
𝑡
as 𝑡 approaches to 0.

1−cos 𝑡
Illustrative Example 6. Evaluate the lim .
𝑡→0 𝑡

Solution
Using the tables of values and the graph of the function, we will evaluate
1−cos 𝑡
lim .
𝑡→0 𝑡
Through tables of values:
1−cos 𝑡
Construct the table of values for 𝑓 (𝑡 ) = . We start by approaching
𝑡
the number 0 from the left or through the values less than but close to 0 and from
the right or through the values greater than but close to 0.

Approaching 0 from the left:

𝑡 1 − cos 𝑡
𝑓 (𝑡 ) =
𝑡
-1 -0.4596976941
-0.5 -0.2448348762
-0.1 -0.04995834722
-0.01 -0.0049999583
-0.001 -0.0004999999
-0.0001 -0.00005

Intuitively, as ⁡𝑡 approaches to 0 from the left, 𝑓 (𝑡 ) is approaching to 0.

1−cos 𝑡
Therefore limit of 𝑓 (𝑡 ) = is 0 as t approaches to 0 from the left.
𝑡

15
Approaching 0 from the right:
𝑡 1 − cos 𝑡
𝑓 (𝑡 ) =
𝑡
1 0.4596976941
0.5 0.2448348762
0.1 0.04995834722
0.01 0.0049999583
0.001 0.0004999999
0.0001 0.00005

Intuitively, as ⁡𝑡 approaches to 0 from the right, 𝑓 (𝑡 ) is approaching to 0.

1−cos 𝑡
Therefore limit of 𝑓 (𝑡 ) = is 0 as 𝑡 approaches to 0 from the right.
𝑡
From the table, as the values of 𝑡 get closer and closer to 0, the values of
𝑓 (𝑡 ) get closer and closer to 0.
1−cos 𝑡 1−cos 𝑡
Since, lim− = 0 and lim+ = 0 are both equal to 0. Then,
𝑡→0 𝑡 𝑡→0 𝑡
1−cos 𝑡
lim = 0.
𝑡→0 𝑡

Through a graph:
1−cos 𝑡
The graph of 𝑓 (𝑡 ) = below confirms that the 𝑓 (𝑡 ) values approach
𝑡
0 as 𝑡 approaches to 0.

16
 𝑒 𝑡 −1
Illustrative Example 7. Evaluate the lim .
𝑡→0 𝑡
Solution
As with the other examples, we shall evaluate
Through tables of values:

𝑒 𝑡 −1
Construct the table of values for 𝑓 (𝑡 ) = . We start by approaching the
𝑡
number 0 from the left or through the values less than but close to 0, and
approaching the number 0 from the right or through the values greater than but
close to 0.

Approaching 0 from the left:

𝑡 𝑒𝑡 − 1
𝑓 (𝑡 ) =
𝑡
-1 0.6321205588
-0.5 0.7869386806
-0.1 0.9516258196
-0.01 0.9950166251
-0.001 0.9995001666
-0.0001 0.9999500016

Intuitively, as ⁡𝑡 approaches to 0 from the left, 𝑓 (𝑡 ) is approaching to 1.

𝑒 𝑡 −1
Therefore limit of 𝑓 (𝑡 ) = is 1 as t approaches to 0 from the left.
𝑡

Approaching 0 from the right:

𝑡 𝑒𝑡 − 1
𝑓 (𝑡 ) =
𝑡
1 1.718281828
0.5 1.297442541
0.1 1.051709181
0.01 1.005016708
0.001 1.000500167
0.0001 1.000050002

Intuitively, as ⁡𝑡 approaches to 0 from the right, 𝑓 (𝑡 ) is approaching to 1.

𝑒 𝑡 −1
Therefore limit of 𝑓 (𝑡 ) = = 1 as 𝑡 approaches to 0 from the right.
𝑡
From the table, as the values of 𝑡 get closer and closer to 0, the values of
𝑓 (𝑡 ) get closer and closer to 1.
𝑒 𝑡 −1 𝑒 2 −1
Since lim− and lim+ are both equal to 1 then,
𝑡→0 𝑡 𝑡→0 𝑡
𝑒 𝑡 −1
lim = 1.
𝑡→0 𝑡

17
Through a graph:
𝑒 𝑡 −1
The graph of 𝑓 (𝑡 ) = 𝑡
below confirms that the y values approach 1 as 𝑡
approaches to 0.

’s More

Task 2.
I. Given the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛⁡𝑥. Find the limit of the following functions.

a. lim𝜋 sin 𝑥
𝑥→
2
b. lim sin 𝑥
𝑥→𝜋

II. Given the graph of the function,

Find:
a. lim ln 𝑥
𝑥→𝑒

18
 I Have Learned

The limit of a function and the functional value at a point is

lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐)
𝑥→𝑐
either 𝑓 is exponential, logarithmic or trigonometric and c is a real number
which is in the domain of 𝑓.

Special limits such as,

sin 𝑡 1−cos 𝑡 𝑒 𝑡 −1
lim , lim , and lim
𝑡→0 𝑡 𝑡→0 𝑡 𝑡→0 𝑡

"0"
will result in upon direct substitution. However, can be found either by using
"0"
tables of values and graphs of the function.

I Can Do

𝑥 2 −1
Evaluate lim . Write your solutions comprehensively. (Hint: Direct substitution will
𝑥→1 √𝑥+1
"0"
result in the expression "0". To resolve, rationalize the given function first before
applying the limit). Please be guided with the rubric.

19
RUBRIC
CATEGORY 5 4 3 2
Mathematical Explanation Explanation Explanation Explanation
Concepts shows shows shows some shows very
complete substantial understanding limited
understanding understanding of the understanding
of the of the mathematical of the
mathematical mathematical concepts underlying
concepts used concepts used needed to concepts
to solve the to solve the solve the needed to
problem(s). problem(s). problem(s). solve the
problem(s) OR
is not written.
Mathematical 90-100% of Almost all Most (75- More than
Errors the steps and (85-89%) of 84%) of the 75% of the
solutions have the steps and steps and steps and
no solutions have solutions have solutions have
mathematical no no mathematical
errors. mathematical mathematical errors.
errors. errors.
Neatness and The work is The work is The work is The work
Organization presented in a presented in a presented in an appears sloppy
neat, clear, neat and organized and
organized organized fashion but unorganized. It
fashion that is fashion that is may be hard to is hard to
easy to read. usually easy to read at times. know what
read. information
goes together.
Completion All problems All but one of All but two of Several of the
are completed. the problems the problems problems are
are completed. are completed. not completed.

Evaluate the following limits through constructing tables of values.

1. lim𝜋 sin 𝑥
𝑥→−
2
2. lim sin 𝑥
𝑥→−𝜋
3. lim+ log 𝑥
𝑥→0
4. lim+ ln 𝑥
𝑥→0
1−cos 𝑡
5. lim
𝑡→0 sin 𝑡

20
 21
What’s InPRIOR-KNOWLEDGE:
1. 3
2. 25
3. 2 log 2
4. 1
5. 0
What’s New:
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏 𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ ℝ
2. 𝑦 = log 𝑏 𝑥
What’s More:
1. 1
2. 0
3. 1
Assessment:
1. -1
2. 0
3. −∞
4. −∞
5. 0
References
Arceo, Carlene P., Lemence, Richard S., et al. 2016. Basic Calculus Teaching Guide for
Senior High School. Quezon City. Commission on Higher Education, 2016.

Transcendental function meaning.

https://mathworld.wolfram.com/TranscendentalFunction.html

Limits of transcendental function.

https://www.whitman.edu/mathematics/calculus/calculus_04_Transcendental_Functions.pdf

Special limits.
https://homepages.math.uic.edu/~rmlowman/math165/LectureNotes/L4-
W2L1speciallimits.pdf

22
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