MATHEMATICS

(STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY)

QUARTER 3
Week 4

Capsulized Self-Learning
Empowerment Toolkit

Schools Division Office of Zamboanga City

Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
Zamboanga City

“Unido, Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto junto puede!”

Michelle Ann A. Ramos

Teacher III
Cabaluay National High School
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SUBJECT &
GRADE LEVEL STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY (GRADE 11)
QUARTER THIRD WEEK 4 DAY mm/dd/yyyy
TOPIC Areas Under the Normal Curve
The learner identifies regions under the normal curve
corresponding to different standard normal values.
(M11/12SP-IIIc-3)
LEARNING
The learner converts a normal random variable to a standard
COMPETENCY
normal variable and vice versa. (M11/12SP-IIIc-4)

The learner computes probabilities using the standard normal

table. (M11/12SP-IIIc-d1)

IMPORTANT: Do not write anything on this material. Write your answers on separate sheets.

UNDERSTAND
Lesson 1: Areas Under the Normal Curve

A How to use the Table of Areas under the Normal Curve?

You can easily identify the area of the regions under the normal curve by using
the Table of Areas under the Normal Curve which is also known as z-Table (see
attachment at the last page of this module). This table gives the area of any value of z
from -3.99 to 3.99. The value from this table will describe the area of the specific region
of the curve to the left of the given z-value.

EXAMPLE 1
PROBLEM: Find the area to the left of -1.69
SOLUTION: First, split the given z-value into hundredths. We can find the whole
number and the tenths digit (-1.6) at the left side of the table while the hundredths
(0.09) located at the uppermost of the table. Then the intersection of these numbers
will be the area of the normal curve to the left of the z-value.
Answer: The area to the left of z= -1.69 is 0.0455

Michelle Ann A. Ramos, Teacher III, Cabaluay National High School

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B STEPS ON HOW TO FIND THE AREA THAT CORRESPONDS TO Z –VALUE

1. Draw/sketch a normal curve and locate the given z-value on the normal curve.
2. Shade the region of the curve according to the condition of z-value whether it is
below, above, or between.
3. Use the table of the area under the normal curve to find the corresponding area.
4. Choose the appropriate operation based on step 2 and 3
4.1. When the z-value is to the left or any related terms (e.g. below, less than) just
write the value we obtained in step 3

4.2. When the z-value is to the right or any related terms (e.g. above, greater
than), subtract 1 by the obtained value in step 3

4.3. When the shaded region is in between of the two z-value, subtract the biggest
by the smallest value obtained in step 3
5. Label the shaded region and draw a conclusion.

EXAMPLE 1
PROBLEM: Find the area between z = -1.30 and z = 2

Step 1: Step 2:

Step 3. The value that corresponds to z= 1.3 is 0.0968 and z= 2 is 0.4772.

Step 4. Since the shaded region is within the two z-value, subtract 0.4772
by 0.0968. The difference is 0.8804.

Step 5. Therefore, the area between z = -1.30 and z = 2 is 0.8804.

Michelle Ann A. Ramos, Teacher III, Cabaluay National High School

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EXAMPLE 2
PROBLEM: Find the area that corresponds below z = -1.35
SOLUTION:
Step 1. Draw/sketch a normal curve and locate the given z-value.

Step 2: Shade the region of the curve according to the condition of z-value
whether it is below, above, or between.

Step 3. Use the table of the area under the normal curve to find the
corresponding area.

The intersection between -1.3 and 0.05 is 0.0885

Step 4. Choose the appropriate operation based on step 2 and 3. When the z-value
is to the left or any related terms (e.g. below, less than) just write the value we
obtained in step 3

Since the shaded region of the curve is to the left of the z= -1.35 and the
intersection between -1.3 and 0.05 is 0.0885. Therefore, the area of the shaded
region is 0.0885
Step 5. Label the shaded region and draw a conclusion.

Therefore, the area that corresponds below z = -1.35 is 0.0885.

Michelle Ann A. Ramos, Teacher III, Cabaluay National High School

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SAQ 1: How do you find the region of areas under the normal curve?
SAQ 2: What is the standard normal distribution, and how is it related to all other
normal distributions?

Let’s Practice! (Write your answer on separate sheets.)

ACTIVITY
TERM 1
Directions: Identify the regions under the normal curve of the following the standard
normal values using the z table.

1. z = - 3.25 ______________ 6. z = -1.33 ______________

2. z = 1.25 ______________ 7. z = -2.5 _______________
3. z = 0.56 ______________ 8. z = 0.29 _______________
4. z = 3 ______________ 9. z = - 0.13 ______________
5. z = 1.96 ______________ 10. z = - 1.96 ______________

ACTIVITY
TERM 2
Directions: Find the area or region that corresponds to each of the following z-values.
Sketch and label each curve.

1. to the right of z = 2.18 4. between z = -2.34 and z = 1.57

2. below z= -1.40 5. between z = 0.32 and z = 2.42
3. above z= 0.57

REMEMBER
Key Points
⚫ The total area of the normal curve is 1.
⚫ Z-table or Table of Areas Under Normal Curve contains the corresponding area
of the z value.
⚫ Steps on how to find the area that corresponds to z –value.
a. Draw/sketch a normal curve and locate the given z-value on the normal curve
b. Shade the region of the curve according to the condition of z-value whether it
is below, above, or between.
c. Use the table of area under the normal curve to find the corresponding area.
d. Choose the appropriate operation based on step 2 and 3.
e. Label the shaded region and draw a conclusion.
⚫ When the z-value is to the left or any related terms (e.g. below, less than) just write
the value we obtained from the z table.
⚫ When the z-value is to the right or any related terms (e.g. above, greater than),
subtract 1 by the obtained value from the z table.
⚫ When the shaded region is in between of the two z-value, subtract the biggest by
the smallest value obtained from the z table.

TRY
Let’s see how much have you learned today!
General Directions: Study the following assessments carefully and write your answers
on separate sheets.

Michelle Ann A. Ramos, Teacher III, Cabaluay National High School

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Assessment 2.
Directions: Find the area that corresponds to each of the following z values. Sketch
and label each curve.
1. to the right of z = 1.28 5. at most z = 1.39
2. below z= -0.20 6. between z = -1.29 and z= - 0.88
3. above z= 1.57 7. greater than z= 0
4. at least z =-127 8. to the left of z= 1

Assessment 3.
Directions: Read and analyze each item carefully. Choose the letter of the best
answer.

1. How will you describe this graph?

A. The shaded region of the normal curve is below the z = 1

B. The shaded region of the normal curve is above the z=-1
C. The shaded region of the normal curve is between z=0 and z=1
D. The shaded region of the normal curve is between z= -1 and z=1

2. Find the area under the standard normal curve between z = -1.5 and z = 2.52.
A. 0.0668 B. 0.9270 C. 0.9273 D. 0.9392

3. Find the area under the standard normal curve between z = -3 and z = 0.
A 0.4987 B. 0.5000 C. 0 .9987 D. 1.4987

4. Find the area under normal curve from z = - 2.83 to z= -0.82.

A. 0.2038 B. 0.2061 C. 0.2084 D. 0.2083

5. Find the sum of the areas under the standard normal curve to the left of z = -3.14
and to the right of z = 2.62.
A. 0.0008 B.0.0036 C. 0.0044 D. 0.0052

Lesson 2: Converting a Normal Random Variable to a Standard

Normal Variable and Vice-versa

RECALL!
Solve for x in terms of another variable.
1. ax = b 2. x + y =1 3. y = mx + b
How to derive a formula?
• First identify the location of the target subject and analyze its relationship to
another variable.
• Let the subject isolated or transferred to the left side of your equation.

To isolate it, do the following conditions:

• when the required subject has a coefficient, multiply both side of the equation
by its multiplicative inverse or Reciprocal;
• when the required subject has co terms, add both sides by the opposite or
apply additive inverse.

Michelle Ann A. Ramos, Teacher III, Cabaluay National High School

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In solving real-life problems involving the normal curve, it is particularly

important to convert a random variable x to a standard normal variable or z-score. This
procedure is known as “standardizing” or “standardization” of a random variable,
where a standardized value is called a z-score.

Z-SCORE
A z-score is a measure of the number of standard deviations (σ) a
particular data value is away from the mean (μ).

FORMULA FOR Z-SCORES

The formula used in converting a random variable x to a standard
normal variable z is:
𝑥− 𝜇
𝑧 =
𝜎
where: 𝑧 – standard normal score or z – score
𝑥 – any data value in a normal distribution
𝜇 – mean
𝜎 – standard deviation

EXAMPLE 1
Suppose IQ scores are normally distributed with a mean of 100 and
standard deviation of 10. If your IQ is 85, what is your z-score? (Round off
your answer to the nearest hundredths)
SOLUTION:
𝑥− 𝜇
The z-score can be computed using the formula; 𝑧 = 𝜎
85 − 100 −15
𝑧 = = = −𝟏. 𝟓𝟎
10 10

EXAMPLE 2
The heights of teachers in Sta. Catalina National High School are
normally distributed with a mean of 150 cm and standard deviation of 15 cm.
The height of Sir Victor has a z-score of 3.25. What is the actual height of Sir
Victor? (Round off your answer to the nearest hundredths)
SOLUTION:
In this example, z-score is given while the normal random variable is
unknown. To solve for the normal random variable x, multiply the z-score (z)
by the standard deviation σ, then add the mean μ. Therefore;
𝑥 = 𝑧𝜎 + 𝜇
= 3.25(15 cm) + 150 cm
= 48.75 cm + 150 cm
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟗𝟖. 𝟕𝟓 𝒄𝒎

Michelle Ann A. Ramos, Teacher III, Cabaluay National High School

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Let’s Practice! (Write your answer on separate sheets.)

ACTIVITY
TERM 1
Directions: Supply the needed information by solving the missing value.

1. x = 25, µ= 40, σ = 6, z = ? 4. x = 125, µ= 105, σ = 8, z = ?

2. z = -2.25, µ= 218, σ = 36, x = ? 5. z = 1.11, µ= 145, σ = 20, x =?
3. x = 39, µ= 30, σ = 3, z = ?

ACTIVITY
TERM 2
Directions: Solve the following problems.
1. The mean number of hours a Filipino worker spends on the computer is 3.1 hours
per workday. Assume the standard deviation is 0.5 hour and is normally distributed,
how long does a worker spend on the computer if his z-score is 1.2?
2. Each month, a Filipino household generates an average of 28 pounds of newspaper
for garbage or recycling. Assume the standard deviation is 2 pounds. Determine the
z-score of a household that generates 22 pounds of newspaper.

REMEMBER
Key Points
• A z-score is a measure of the number of standard deviations (𝜎) a particular data
value is away from the mean (𝜇)
• Z-score is equal to the quotient between the difference of normal random variable
(x) or raw score and mean and standard deviation. It is written as:
𝑥− 𝜇
𝑧=
𝜎
• Normal Random Variable is equal to the product of z score and standard deviation
plus the mean. It is written as:
𝑥 = 𝑧𝜎 + 𝜇

TRY
Let’s see how much have you learned today!

General Directions: Study the following assessments carefully and write your answers
on separate sheets.

Assessment 1.
Directions: Read and analyze each item carefully. Choose the letter of the best
answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What is another term used for standard normal score?
A. z- score B. mean score C. x score D. t score
2. Given: x =125; µ = 105; 𝜎 = 16. Find the z score.
A. -1.25 B. -1 C. 1 D. 1.25

3. Given: z = 2.25; µ = 70; 𝜎 = 9. Find the value of x.

A. -49.75 B. 35.11 C. 90.25 D. 148.5

Michelle Ann A. Ramos, Teacher III, Cabaluay National High School

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For questions number 4 and 5:

Suppose the provincial health officer of Batangas reported that the average
COVID19 positive for 40 days is 10 patients with the standard deviation of 6 patients.
4. What is the z score of 18 patients?
A. 1.33 B. 1.34 C. 4.66 D. 4.67

5. What is the z score of 4 patients?

A. – 1 B. -0.5 C. 0.5 D. 1

Assessment 2.
Directions: Read the following problems carefully and answer the questions that
follow.
The Candelaria Automobile Association reports that the average time it takes to
respond to an emergency call is 30 minutes. Assume the variable is normally distributed
and the standard deviation is 4.5 minutes.

a. How long will a call be responded if it has a z-score of 0.75?

b. How long will a call be responded if it has a z-score of – 1.83?

Assessment 3.
Directions: Read and analyze each item carefully. Choose the letter of the best
answer.

1. If Elson's z-score on post-assessment is -3, the mean is 10 and the standard

deviation is 2, what was his raw score?
A. 4 B. 12 C. 16 D. 20

2. Some DepEd public and private schools administered National Achievement Test for
Grade 6 and Grade 10. The test for Grade 10 has a mean score of 115 and a
standard deviation of 10. If Juan, a Grade 10 student has z-score of 1.25, what was
his score on the test?
A. 127 B. 128 C. 129 D. 130

For questions number 3 to 5.

The Enhance Community Quarantine of some places was lifted by our President
Rodrigo Roa Duterte last May 15, 2020. Suppose that after the said ECQ, one of the
dieticians of well-known company conducted the survey about the effect of home
quarantine on the health of the Filipino people. He found out that average weight for
women is 70 kg with a standard deviation of 6 kg.

3. If the weights are normally distributed, what is the z-score of a woman with a weight
of 63?
A. -1.17 B. -1.16 C. 1.16 D. 1.17

4. What is the z score of a woman with a weight of 85 kg?

A. -2.5 B. -1.5 C. 1.5 D. 2.5

5. How many kilograms will be corresponds to the z score of 1.5 of the weight of
woman?
A. 76kg B. 79 kg C. 82 kg D. 85 kg

Michelle Ann A. Ramos, Teacher III, Cabaluay National High School

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Lesson 3: Computing Probabilities and Percentiles Using the

Standard Normal Table

RECALL!
How to convert decimal to percent?
• Multiply the given decimal number by 100 or move the decimal points twice
to the right of the given number.

How to multiply decimal numbers?

• Multiply the given numbers and count the decimal places of both multiplier
and multiplicand and that will be the number of decimal places of the product.

A normal distribution curve can be used as a probability distribution curve for

normally distributed variables. The area under the standard normal distribution curve
can also be thought of as a probability. That is, if it's possible to select any 𝑧 value at
random, the probability of choosing one, say, below 1.45 would be the same as the
area under the curve at the left of 1.45. In this case, the area is 0.9265. Therefore, the
probability of randomly selecting a 𝑧 value below of 1.45 is 0.9265 or 92.65%. The
problems involving probabilities and percentiles are solved in the same manner as
finding the areas under a normal curve.

In finding probabilities, the following notations will be used:

(a) 𝑃(𝑍 < 𝑧) – probability at the left of 𝑧

(b) 𝑃(𝑍 > 𝑧) = 1 – 𝑃(𝑍 < 𝑧) – probability at the right of 𝑧
(c) 𝑃(𝑎 < 𝑧 < 𝑏) – the probability of 𝑧 that is in between two other 𝑧 values,
say 𝑎 and 𝑏
(d) 𝑃 (𝑧 < 𝑎 ) ∪ 𝑃(𝑧 > 𝑏 ) – the probability of 𝑧 is in the opposite direction of two
values, say 𝑎 and 𝑏
(e) 𝑃(𝑋 < 𝑥) – probability at the left of a normal random variable 𝑥
(f) 𝑃(𝑋 > 𝑥) – probability at the right of a normal random variable 𝑥
(g) 𝑃(𝑎 < 𝑋 < 𝑏) – the probability of a normal random variable 𝑋 that is in
between two other normal random variables, say 𝑎 and 𝑏.
(h) 𝑃 (𝑋 < 𝑎 ) ∪ 𝑃(𝑋 > 𝑏 ) – the probability of 𝑋 is in the opposite direction of
two values, say 𝑎 and 𝑏

EXAMPLE 1
PROBLEM: Find the probability of 𝑃(𝑍 < 1.32)
SOLUTION:
The probability 𝑃(𝑍 < 1.32) means to find the area under the normal curve
at the left of 𝑧 = 1.32. From the table, find the intersection on row 1.3 and column
0.02. Thus, the probability is 0.9066 or 90.66%.

Michelle Ann A. Ramos, Teacher III, Cabaluay National High School

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EXAMPLE 2
PROBLEM: Find the probability of 𝑃 (−0.75 < 𝑍 < 1.56).
SOLUTION:
The probability 𝑃(−0.75 < 𝑍 < 1.56) is the same as the area under
the normal curve between 𝑧 values -0.75 and 1.56. To get the area, subtract
the area of 𝑧 = −0.75 from the area of 𝑧 = 1.56. Thus,
𝑃(−0.75 < 𝑍 < 1.56) = 𝑃(𝑍 < 1.56)– 𝑃 (𝑍 < −0.75)
𝑃 −0.75 < 𝑍 < 1.56) = 0.9406 – 0.2266 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟏𝟒𝟎 𝑜𝑟 𝟕𝟏. 𝟒𝟎%.
(

Let’s Practice! (Write your answer on separate sheets.)

ACTIVITY
TERM 1
Directions: Use the Table of Standard Normal distribution to determine corresponding
probabilities of the following:

1. P(Z < -1.45)

2. P(0.5 < Z < 2.33)
3. P(Z > 1.78)

REMEMBER
Key Points
KEYPOINTS
Step by step to compute for the probabilities and percentiles using the Standard
Normal Table.

(a) Convert the raw score (x) to a standard score (z).

(b) Sketch the graph of the normal curve
(c) Look for the probabilities on the Standard Normal Table.
(d)

TRY
Let’s see how much have you learned today!

General Directions: Study the following assessments carefully and write your answers
on separate sheets.

Assessment 1.
Directions :Solve the following problems by supplying the needed information.

The average number of calories in a 1.8-ounce chocolate bar is 230. Suppose

that the distribution of calories is approximately normal with a standard deviation of 10.

Michelle Ann A. Ramos, Teacher III, Cabaluay National High School

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1. Find the probability that a randomly selected chocolate bar will have less than 200
calories.
2. Find the probability that a randomly selected chocolate bar will have greater than
195 calories.
3. What is the percentage that a cholate bar is randomly selected between 200 calories
and 250 calories?

Assessment 2.
Directions: Read the following problems carefully. Apply what you have learned in the
module.
The Candelaria Automobile Association reports that the average time it takes to
respond to an emergency call is 30 minutes. Assume the variable is normally distributed
and the standard deviation is 4.5 minutes.

a. How long will a call be responded if it has a z-score of 0.75?

b. How long will a call be responded if it has a z-score of – 1.83?

Assessment 3.
Directions: Read and analyze each item carefully. Choose the letter of the best
answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. If Elson's z-score on post-assessment is -3, the mean is 10 and the standard
deviation is 2, what was his raw score?
A. 4 B. 12 C. 16 D. 20
2. Some DepEd public and private schools administered National Achievement Test
for Grade 6 and Grade 10. The test for Grade 10 has a mean score of 115 and a
standard deviation of 10. If Juan, a Grade 10 student has z-score of 1.25, what was
his score on the test?
A. 127 B. 128 C. 129 D. 130
For questions number 3 to 5.
The Enhance Community Quarantine of some places was lifted by our President
Rodrigo Roa Duterte last May 15, 2020. Suppose that after the said ECQ, one of the dieticians
of well-known company conducted the survey about the effect of home quarantine on
the health of the Filipino people. He found out that average weight for women is 70 kg
with a standard deviation of 6 kg.

3. If the weights are normally distributed, what is the z-score of a woman with a weight
of 63?
A. -1.17 B. -1.16 C. 1.16 D. 1.17
4. What is the z score of a woman with a weight of 85 kg?
A. -2.5 B. -1.5 C. 1.5 D. 2.5
5. How many kilograms will be corresponds to the z score of 1.5 of the weight of
woman?
A. 76kg B. 79 kg C. 82 kg D. 85 kg

Malate, Jose S. “Statistics and Probability”. Vicarish Publications and Trading, Inc.,
2017. ISBN 978-421-8030-17-6, 45-54.

Ocampo, Jose M. and Marquez, Wimer G. Senior High Conceptual Math & Beyond,
REFERENCE/S
Statistics and Probability. Brilliant Creations Publishing Inc., 2016. ISBN 978-621
8006-27-0, 39-42.

http://davidmlane.com/hyperstat/z_table.html https://www.khanacademy.org

Michelle Ann A. Ramos, Teacher III, Cabaluay National High School

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LEARNING RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT TEAM
MICHELLE ANN A. RAMOS
WRITER
Cabaluay National High School
LEARNING TEAM / Mercedita M. Medallo Dr. Deborah E. Bandahala
EVALUATORS Enrico P. Miñiao Dr. Dickenson L. Canizares

MANAGEMENT AND Dr. Roy C. Tuballa, CESO VI Dr. Norma T. Francisco, CESE
SPECIALIST Dr. Jay S. Montealto, CESO VI Dr. Vilma A. Brown

“No hay cosa imposible. Cree, junto junto puede!”

Michelle Ann A. Ramos, Teacher III, Cabaluay National High School

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Michelle Ann A. Ramos, Teacher III, Cabaluay National High School

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Michelle Ann A. Ramos, Teacher III, Cabaluay National High School