Table of Contents

Magnetism

 Theory ..................................................................................................................................... 2

 Solved Examples .................................................................................................................... 31

 Exercise - 1 : Basic Objective Questions ............................................................................... 43

 Exercise - 2 : Previous Year JEE Mains Questions ................................................................ 52

 Exercise - 3 : Advanced Objective Questions ....................................................................... 61

 Exercise - 4 : Previous Year JEE Advanced Questions .......................................................... 83

 Answer Key ............................................................................................................................. 96

 MAGNETISM 2

Magnetism
 
1. MAGNETIC FIELD AND FORCE If v and B are in the plane of paper, then according to

 Right­Hand Rule, the direction of F on positively charged
In order to define the magnetic field B , we deduce an expression particle will be perpendicular to the plane of paper upwards
for the force on a moving charge in a magnetic field. as shown in figure (a), and on negatively charged particle will
Consider a positive charge q moving in a uniform magnetic field be perpendicular to the plane of paper downwards, figure (b).
   
B , with a velocity V . Let the angle between V and B be .


(i) The magnitude of force F experienced by the moving charge
is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge i.e.

Fq Definition of B
 If v = 1, q = 1 and sin  = 1 or = 90°, the nfrom (1),
(ii) The magnitude of force F is directly proportional to the
component of velocity acting perpendicular to the direction F = 1 × 1 × B × 1 = B.
of magnetic field, i.e. Thus the magnetic field induction at a point in the magnetic
F  v sin  field is equal to the force experienced by a unit charge moving
 with a unit velocity perpendicular to the direction of magnetic
(iii) The magnitude of force F is directly proportional to the field at that point.
magnitude of the magnetic field applied i.e.,
Special Cases
FB Case (i) If  = 0° or 180°, then sin = 0.
Combining the above factors, we get
 From (1),
F  qv sin B or F = kqv B sin  F = qv B (0) = 0.
where k is a constant of proportionality. Its value is found It means, a charged particle moving along or opposite to the
to be one i.e. k = 1. direction of magnetic field, does not experience any force.
 F = qv B sin  ...(1) Case (ii) If v = 0, then F = qv B sin = 0.
  

F  q vB  ...(2) It means, if a charged particle is at rest in a magnetic field, it
experiences no force.

The direction of F is the direction of cross­product of Case (iii) If = 90°, then sin = 1

velocity v and magnetic field B , which is perpendicular to  F = qv B (1) = qv B (Maximum).
 
the plane containing v and B . It is directed as given by the Unit of B . SI unit of B is tesla (T) or weber/(metre)2 i.e. (Wb/m2)
Right­handed­Screw Rule or Right­Hand Rule. or Ns C–1 m–1
MAGNETISM 3

Thus, the magnetic field induction at a point is said to be speed, velocity, momentum and kinetic energy of charged
one tesla if a charge of one coulomb while moving at right particle will change.
angle to a magnetic field, with a velocity of 1 ms–1 experiences   
a force of 1 newton, at that point. Case II. When v, E and B are mutually perpendicular to
 
each other. In this situation if E and B are such that
MLT 2   
Dimensions of B    MA 1T 2 
F  Fe  Fm  0 , then acceleration in the particle,

AT LT 1  
 F
a   0 . It means the particle will pass through the fields
2. LORENTZ FORCE m
without any change in its velocity. Here, Fe = Fm so qE = q v B
The force experienced by a charged particle moving in space or v = E/B.
where both electric and magnetic fields exist is called Lorentz This concept has been used in velocity-selector to get a
force. charged beam having a definite velocity.
Force due to electric field. When a charged particle carrying
 3. MOTION OF A CHARGED PARTICLE IN A
charge +q is subjected to an electric field of strength E , it
experiences a force given by UNIFORM MAGNETIC FIELD
 
Fe  qE ...(5) Suppose a particle of mass m and charge q, entering a


whose direction is the same as that of E . uniform magnetic field induction B at O, with velocity v ,
making an angle  with the direction of magnetic field acting
Force due to magnetic field. If the charged particle is moving
 in the plane of paper as shown in figure
in a magnetic field B , with a velocity v it experiences a
force given by
  

Fm  q v  B 
The direction of this force is in the direction of  
v  B i.e.

perpendicular to the plane contaning v and B and is
directed as given by Right hand screw rule.
Due to both the electric and magnetic fields, the total force
experienced by the charged particle will be given by
        
  
F  Fe  Fm  qE  q v  B  q E  v  B 
Resolving v into two rectangular components, we have :
    v cos  (= v1) acts in the direction of the magnetic field and

F  q E  vB  ...(6) v sin  (= v2) acts perpendicular to the direction of magnetic
field.
This is called Lorentz force.

Special cases For component velocity v2 , the force acting on the charged
particle due to magnetic field is
  
Case I. When v, E and B , all the three are collinear.. In   
this situation, the charged particle is moving parallel or 
F  q v2  B 
antiparallel to the fields, the magnetic force on the charged
 
particle is zero. The electric force on the charged particle or F  q v 2  B  qv 2 Bsin 90  q  vsin   B ...(1)

 qE 
will produce acceleration a  , The direction of this force F is perpendicular to the plane
m  
containing B and v2 and is directed as given by Right
along the direction of electricl field. As a result of this, there
hand rule. As this force is to remain always perpendicular to
will be change in the speed of charged particle along the 
direction of the field. In this situation there will be no change v2 it does not perform any work and hence cannot change
in the direction of motion of the charged particle but, the 
the magnitude of velocity v2 . It changes only the direction
 MAGNETISM 4

of motion of the particle. Due to it, the charged particle is  

angle between v1 and B is zero. Thus the charged particle
made to move on a circular path in the magnetic field, as
shown in figure covers the linear distance in direction of the magnetic field
with a constant speed v cos .
Therefore, under the combined effect of the two component
velocities, the charged particle in magnetic field will cover
linear path as well as circular path i.e. the path of the charged
particle will be helical, whose axis is parallel to the direction
of magnetic field, figure

Here, magnetic field is shown perpendicular to the plane of

paper directed inwards and particle is moving in the plane
of paper. When the particle is at points A, C and D the
direction of magnetic force on the particle will be along AO,
CO and DO respectively, i.e., directed towards the centre O
of the circular path.
The force F on the charged particle due to magnetic field

2

provides the required centripetal force = mv 2 / r necessary
for motion along a circular path of radius r.

 Bq v 2  mv 22 / r or v2  Bq r / m
or v sin  = B q r/m ...(2)
The angular velocity of rotation of the particle in magnetic
field will be

vsin  Bqr Bq The linear distance covered by the charged particle in the
  
r mr m magnetic field in time equal to one revolution of its circular
The frequency of rotation of the particle in magnetic field path (known as pitch of helix) will be
will be
2m
d  v1T  v cos 
 Bq Bq
v  ...(3)
2 2m Important points
The time period of revolution of the particle in the magnetic
1. If a charged particle having charge q is at rest in a magnetic
field will be 
field B , it experiences no force; as v = 0 and F = q v B sin  = 0.
1 2m 
T  ...(4)
v Bq 2. If charged particle is moving parallel to the direction of B , it
also does not experience any force because angle  between
From (3) and (4), we note that v and T do not depend upon  
velocity v of the particle. It means, all the charged particles
v and B is 0° or 180° and sin 0° = sin 180° = 0. Therefore,
the charged particle in this situation will continue moving
having the same specific charge (charge/mass) but moving
along the same path with the same velocity.
with different velocities at a point, will complete their circular
paths due to component velocities perpendicular to the 3. If charged particle is moving perpendicular to the direction
magnetic fields in the same time. 
of B , it experiences a maximum force which acts
 
For component velocity v1   vcos   , there will be no force perpendicular to the direction B as well as v . Hence this
on the charged particle in the magnetic field, because the force will provide the required centripetal force and the
MAGNETISM 5

charged particle will describe a circular path in the magnetic sufficiently high energy with the help of smaller values of
oscillating electric field by making it to cross the same electric
mv 2 field time and again with the use of strong magnetic field.
field of radius r, given by  Bqv .
r

4. MOTION IN COMBINED
ELECTRON AND MAGNETIC FIELDS

4.1 Velocity Filter

Velocity filter is an arrangement of cross electric and
magnetic fields in a region which helps us to select from a
beam, charged particles of the given velocity irrespective of
their charge and mass.
A velocity selector consists of two slits S1 and S2 held parallel
to each other, with common axis, some distance apart. In the
region between the slits, uniform electric and magnetic fields
are applied, perpendicular to each other as well as to the
axis of slits, as shown in figure. When a beam of charged
particles of different charges and masses after passing

through slit S1 enters the region of crossed electric field E

and magnetic field B , each particle experiences a force due
to these fields. Those particles which are moving with the Construction. It consists of two D­shaped hollow evacuated
velocity v, irrespective of their mass and charge, the force metal chambers D1 and D2 called the dees. These dees are
on each such particle due to electric field (qE) is equal and placed horizontally with their diametric edges parallel and
opposite to the force due to magnetic field (q v B), then slightly separated from each other. The dees are connected
q E = q v B or v = E/B to high frequency oscillator which can produce a potential
difference of the order of 104 volts at frequency  107 Hz.
The two dees are enclosed in an evacuated steel box and
are well insulated from it. The box is placed in a strong
magnetic field produced by two pole pieces of strong
electromagnets N, S. The magnetic field is perpendicular to
the plane of the dees. P is a place of ionic source or positively
charged particle figure.
Working and theory. The positive ion to be accelerated is
produced at P. Suppose, at that instant, D1 is at negative
potential and D2 is at positive potential. Therefore, the ion
will be accelerated towards D1. On reaching inside D1, the
Such particles will go undeviated and filtered out of the ion will be in a field free space. Hence it moves with a
region through the slit S2. Therefore, the particles emerging constant speed in D1 say v. But due to perpendicular
from slit S2 will have the same velocity even though their magnetic field of strength B, the ion will describe a circular
charge and mass may be different.
The velocity filter is used in mass spectrograph which helps mv 2
path of radius r (say) in D1, given by Bqv  where m
to find the mass and specific charge (charge/mass) of the r
charged particle. and q are the mass and charge of the ion.
4.2 Cyclotron mv
 r
A cyclotron is a device developed by Lawrence and Bq
Livingstone by which the positively charged particles like Time taken by ion to describe a semicircular path is given
proton, deutron, alpha particle etc. can be accelerated.
r m 
Principle. The working of the cyclotron is based on the fact by, t    = a constant.
that a positively charged particle can be accelerated to a v Bq B  q / m 
MAGNETISM 6

This time is independent of both the speed of the ion and in a conductor is due to motion of electrons, therefore,
radius of the circular path. In case the time during which electrons are moving from the end Q to P (along X’ axis).
the positive ion describes a semicircular path is equal to the
time during which half cycle of electric oscillator is completed,
then as the ion arrives in the gap between the two dees, the
polarity of the two dees is reversed i.e. D1 becomes positive
and D2 negative. Then, the positive ion is accelerated
towards D2 and it enters D2 with greater speed which remains
constant in D2. The ion will describe a semicircular path of
greater radius due to perpendicular magnetic field and again 
Let, vd drift velocity of electron
will arrive in a gap between the two dees exactly at the
instant, the polarity of the two dees is reversed. Thus, the – e = charge on each electron.
positive ion will go on accelerating every time it comes into Then magnetic Lorentz force on an electron is given by
the gap between the dees and will go on describing circular
  
path of greater and greater radius with greater and greater 
f   e vd  B 
speed and finally acquires a sufficiently high energy. The
accelerated ion can be removed out of the dees from window If n is the number density of free electrons i.e. number of
W, by applying the electric field across the deflecting plates free electrons per unit volume of the conductor, then total
E and F. number of free electrons in the conductor will be given by
Maximum Energy of positive ion N = n (A) = nA
Let v0, r0 = maximum velocity and maximum radius of the  Total force on the conductor is equal to the force acting on
circular path followed by the positive ion in cyclotron. all the free electrons inside the conductor while moving in
the magnetic field and is given by
mv02 Bqr0      
 Bqv0 or v0 
Then,
r0 m    
F  Nf  nA   e vd  B   nAe vd  B ...(7)
 

2
We know that current through a conductor is related with
1 1  Bqr0  B2q 2 r02 drift velocity by the relation
 Max. K.E.  mv02  m   
2 2  m  2m I = n A e vd
Cyclotron Frequency  I  nAevd .
If T is the time period of oscillating electric field then 
We represent I  as current element vector. It acts in the
T = 2t = 2 m/Bq  
direction of flow of current i.e. along OX. Since I  and vd
1 Bq have opposite directions, hence we can write
The cyclotron frequency is given by v  
T 2m  
I    nAevd ...(8)
It is also known as magnetic resonance frequency.
From (7) and (8), we have
The cyclotron angular frequency is given by   
F  I  B ...(9)
c  2v  Bq / m
  
F  I B
5. FORCE ON A CURRENT CARRYING CONDUCTOR
PLACED IN A MAGNETIC FIELD F  IBsin  ...(10)
 
were  is the smaller angle between I  and B .
Expression for the force acting on the conductor carrying
current placed in a magnetic field Special cases
Consider a straight cylindrical conductor PQ of length , Case I. If  = 0° or 180°, sin = 0,
area of cross­section A, carrying current I placed in a uniform From (10), F = IB (0) = 0 (Minimum)

magnetic field of induction, B . Let the conductor be placed It means a linear conductor carrying a current if placed parallel
along X­axis and magnetic field be acting in XY plane making to the direction of magnetic field, it experiences no force.
an angle  with X­axis. Suppose the current I flows through Case II. If  = 90°, sin = q ;
the conductor from the end P to Q, figure. Since the current
From (10), F = IB × 1 = IB (Maximum)
MAGNETISM 7

It means a linear conductor carrying current if placed   

perpendicular to the direction of magnetic field, it experiences The force on the arm QR is given by F2  I QR  B or  
maximum force. The direction of which can be given by F2 = I (QR) B sin  = I b B sin 
Right handed screw rule. The direction of this force is in the plane of the coil directed
downwards.
6. TORQUE ON A CURRENT CARRYING COIL IN  
A MAGNETIC FIELD Since the forces F2 and F4 are equal in magnitude and acting
in opposite directions along the same straight line, they cancel
Consider a rectangular coil PQRS suspended in a uniform out each other i.e. their resultant effect on the coil is zero.

magnetic field of induction B . Let PQ = RS =  and QR = SP = b. Now, the force on the arm PQ is given by
Let I be the current flowing through the coil in the direction     
PQRS and  be the angle which plane of the coil makes with   
F1  I PQ  B or F1 = I (PQ) B sin 90° = IB  PQ  B 
the direction of magnetic field figure. The forces will be
acting on the four arms of the coil. Direction of this force is perpendicular to the plane of the
coil directed outwards (i.e. perpendicular to the plane of
paper directed towards the reader).
And, force on the arm RS is given by
    
  
F3  I RS  B or F3 = I (PQ) B sin 90° = IB  RS  B 
The direction of this force, is perpendicular to the plane of paper
directed away from the reader i.e. into the plane of the coil.
The forces acting on the arms PQ and RS are equal, parallel
and acting in opposite directions having different lines of
action, form a couple, the effect of which is to rotate the coil
in the anticlockwise direction about the dotted line as axis.
The torque on the coil (equal to moment of couple) is given by
 = either force × arm of the couple
The forces F1 and F3 acting on the arms PQ and RS will be as
shown in figure when seen from the top.
Arm of couple = ST = PS cos  = b cos .
   IB  b cos   IBA cos  (  × b = A = area of coil
PQRS)
If the rectangular coil has n turns, then
  nIBA cos 
Note that if the normal drawn on the plane of the coil makes
an angle  with the direction of magnetic field, then +  = 90°
or = 90° – ; And cos = cos (90° – ) = sin 
Then torque becomes,
   
  nIBA sin   MBsin   M  B  nIA  B
   
Let F1, F2 , F3 and F4 be the forces acting on the four current
where, nIA = M = magnitude of the magnetic dipole moment
carrying arms PQ, QR, RS and SP of the coil. of the rectangular current loop
The force on arm SP is given by,     
      M  B  nI A  B 
 
F4  I SP  B or F4 = I (SP) B sin (180° – ) = Ib B sin 
This torque tends to rotate the coil about its own axis. Its
  value changes with angle between plane of coil and direction
 
The direction of this force is in the direction of SP  B i.e. of magnetic field.
in the plane of coil directed upwards.
 MAGNETISM 8

Special cases 1. The lower end of the coil is connected to one end of a hair
If the coil is set with its plane parallel to the direction of spring S’ of quartz or phosphor bronze. The other end of this
magnetic field B, then highly elastic spring S’ is connected to a terminal T2. L is soft
iron core which may be spherical if the coil is circular and
  0 and cos   1 cylindrical, if the coil is rectangular. It is so held within the
 Torque,  = nIBA (1) = nIBA (Maximum) coil, that the coil can rotate freely without touching the iron
core and pole pieces. This makes the magnetic field linked
This is the case with a radial field.
with coil to be radial field i.e. the plane of the coil in all positions
2. If the coil is set with its plane perpendicular to the direction remains parallel to the direction of magnetic field. M is concave
of magentic field B, then  = 90° and cos  = 0 mirror attached to the phosphor bronze strip. This helps us to
 Torque, = nIBA (0) = 0 (Minimum) note the deflection of the coil using lamp and scale
arrangement. The whole arrangement is enclosed in a non­
7. MOVING COIL GALVANOMETER metallic case to avoid disturbance due to air etc. The case is
provided with levelling screws at the base.
Moving coil galvanometer is an instrument used for detection The spring S’ does three jobs for us : (i) It provides passage
and measurement of small electric currents. of current for the coil PQRS1 (ii) It keeps the coil in position
Principle. Its working is based on the fact that when a current and (iii) generates the restoring torque on the twisted coil.
carrying coil is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a torque. The torsion head is connected to terminal T 1. The
Construction. It consists of a coil PQRS1 having large galvanometer can be connected to the circuit through
number of turns of insulated copper wire, figure. The coil is terminals T1 and T2.
wound over a non­magnetic metallic frame (usually brass) Theory. Suppose the coil PQRS1 is suspended freely in the
which may be rectangular or circular in shape. The coil is magnetic field.
suspended from a movable torsion head H by means of Let,  = length PQ or RS1 of the coil,
phosphor bronze strip in a uniform magnetic field produced
b = breadth QR or S1P of the coil,
by two strong cylindrical magnetic pole pieces N and S.
n = number of turns in the coil.
Area of each turn of the coil, A =  × b.
Let, B = strength of the magnetic field in which coil is
suspended.
I = current passing through the coil in the direction PQRS1
as shown in figure.
Let at any instant,  be the angle which the normal drawn on
the plane of the coil makes with the direction of magnetic field.
As already discussed, the rectangular coil carrying current
when placed in the magnetic field experiences a torque whose
magnitude is given by  = nIBA sin .
If the magnetic field is radial i.e. the plane of the coil is
parallel to the direction of the magnetic field then = 90°
and sin = 1.
 = nIBA
Due to this torque, the coil rotates. The phosphor bronze
strip gets twisted. As a result of it, a restoring torque comes
into play in the phosphor bronze strip, which would try to
restore the coil back to its original position.
Let  be the twist produced in the phosphor bronze strip
due to rotation of the coil and k be the restoring torque per
unit twist of the phosphor bronze strip, then total restoring
torque produced = k .
In equilibrium position of the coil, deflecting torque
= restoring torque
 MAGNETISM 9

 nIBA = k (b) The value of B can be increased by using a strong horse

shoe magnet.
k
or I  or I  G (c) The value of A can not be increased beyond a limit because
nBA
in that case the coil will not be in a uniform magnetic field.
k Moreover, it will make the galvanometer bulky and
where  G  a constant for a galvanometer. It is unmanageable.
nBA
known as galvanometer constant. (d) The value of k can be decreased. The value of k depends
upon the nature of the material used as suspension strip.
Hence, I   The value of k is very small for quartz or phosphor bronze.
It means, the deflection produced is proportional to the That is why, in sensitive galvanometer, quartz or phosphor
current flowing through the galvanometer. Such a bronze strip is used as a suspension strip.
galvanometer has a linear scale.
Current sensitivity of a galvanometer is defined as the 8. AMMETER
deflection produced in the galvanometer when a unit current
flows through it. An ammeter is a low resistance galvanometer. It is used to
measure the current in a circuit in amperes.
If  is the deflection in the galvanometer when current I is
passed through it, then A galvanometer can be converted into an ammeter by using
a low resistance wire in parallel with the galvanometer. The
Current sensitivity, resistance of this wire (called the shunt wire) depends upon
the range of the ammeter and can be calculated as follows :
 nBA  k 
Is    I   Let G = resistance of galvanometer, n = number of scale
I k  nBA 
divisions in the galvanometer,
The unit of current sensitivity is rad. A–1 or div. A–1. K = figure of merit or current for one scale deflection in the
Voltage sensitivity of a galvanometer is defined as the galvanometer.
deflection produced in the galvanometer when a unit voltage Then current which produces full scale deflection in the
is applied across the two terminals of the galvanometer. galvanometer, Ig = nK.
Let, V = voltage applied across the two terminals of the Let I be the maximum current to be measured by galvanometer.
galvanometer,
To do so, a shunt of resistance S is connected in parallel
 = deflection produced in the galvanometer. with the galvanometer so that out of the total current I, a
Then, voltage sensitivity, VS = /V part Ig should pass through the galvanometer and the
If R = resistance of the galvanometer, I = current through it. remaining part (I – Ig) flows through the shunt figure
Then V = IR
 Voltage sensitivity,

 nBA IS
VS   
IR kR R
the unit of VS is rad V–1 or div. V–1.
Conditions for a sensitive galvanometer
A galvanometer is said to be very sensitive if it shows large
deflection even when a small current is passed through it.

nBA VA – VB = IgG = (I – Ig) S

From the theory of galvanometer,   I
k
 Ig 
For a given value of I,  will be large if nBA/k is large. It is so or S G ...(20)
 I  Ig 
if (a) n is large (b) B is large (c) A is large and (d) k is small.  
(a) The value of n can not be increased beyond a certain limit Thus S can be calculated.
because it results in an increase of the resistance of the If this value of shunt resistance S is connected in parallel
galvanometer and also makes the galvanometer bulky. This with galvanometer, it works as an ammeter for the range 0 to I
tends to decrease the sensitivity. Hence n can not be ampere. Now the same scale of the galvanometer which was
increased beyond a limit. recording the maximum current Ig before conversion into ammeter
 MAGNETISM 10

will record the maximum current I, after conversion into ammeter. V V

It means each division of the scale in ammeter will be showing From Ohm’s law, Ig  or G  R 
GR Ig
higher current than that of galvanometer.

V
or R G
Ig

Initial reading of each division of galvanometer to be used as If this value of R is connected in series with galvanometer, it
ammeter is Ig/n and the reading of the same each division works as a voltmeter of the range 0 to V volt. Now the same
after conversion into ammeter is I/n. scale of the galvanometer which was recording the maximum
The effective resistance R P of ammeter (i.e. shunted potential Ig G before conversion will record and potential V
galvanometer) will be after conversion in two voltmeter. It means each division of
the scale in voltmeter will show higher potential than that of
1 1 1 S G GS the galvanometer.
   or R P 
RP G S GS G S Effective resistance RS of converted galvanometer into
voltmeter is
As the shunt resistance is low, the combined resistance of
the galvanometer and the shunt is very low and hence RS = G + R
ammeter has a much lower resistance than galvanometer. An For voltmeter, a high resistance R is connected in series
ideal ammeter has zero resistance. with the galvanometer, therefore, the resistance of voltmeter
is very large as compared to that of galvanometer. The
resistance of an ideal voltmeter is infinity.
9. VOLTMETER
A voltmeter is a high resistance galvanometer. It is used to 10. BIOT-SAVART’S LAW
measure the potential difference between two points of a
circuit in volt. According to Biot­Savart’s law, the magnitude of the
magnetic field induction dB (also called magnetic flux
A galvanometer can be converted into a voltmeter by density) at a point P due to current element depends upon
connecting a high resistance in series with the galvanometer. the factors at stated below :
The value of the resistance depends upon the range of
voltmeter and can be calculated as follows : (i) dB  I (ii) dB  d
Let, G = resistance of galvanometer, 1
(iii) dB  sin  (iv) dB 
n = number of scale divisions in the galvanometer, r2
K = figure of merit of galvanometer i.e. current for one scale Combining these factors, we get
deflection of the galvanometer.
 Current which produces full scale deflection in the Id sin 
dB 
galvanometer, Ig = nK. r2
Let V be the potential difference to be measured by Id sin 
galvanometer. or dB  K
r2
To do so, a resistance R of such a value is connected in
series with the galvanometer so that if a potential difference
V is applied across the terminals A and B, a current Ig flows
through the galvanometer. figure

where K is a constant of proportionality. Its value depends

Now, total resistance of voltmeter = G + R on the system of units chosen for the measurement of the
various quantities and also on the medium between point P
 MAGNETISM 11

and the current element. When there is free space between 8. If  = 0° or 180°, then dB = 0 i.e. minimum.
current element and point, then Similarities and Dis-similarities between the Biot-Savart’s law
for the magnetic field and coulomb’s law for electrostatic field
0
In SI units, K  and In cgs system K = 1 Similarities
4
where 0 is absolute magnetic permeability of free space (i) Both the laws for fields are long range, since in both the
laws, the field at a point varies inversely as the square of the
and 0  4 107 Wb A 1m1  4107 TA 1m distance from the source to point of observation.
(ii) Both the fields obey superposition principle.
( 1 T = 1 Wb m–2)

(iii) The magnetic field is linear in the source Id  , just as the
 0 Id sin 
In SI units, dB   ...(3) electric field is linear in its source, the electric charge q.
4 r2

Id sin  11. MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO A STRAIGHT

In cgs system, dB  CONDUCTOR CARRYING CURRENT
r2
In vector form, we may write Consider a straight wire conductor XY lying in the plane of
    paper carrying current I in the direction X to Y, figure. Let P
 0 I d   r
dB  or dB 

 0 I d   r ...(4)
be a point at a perpendicular distance a from the straight
4 r 3 4 r3 wire conductor. Clearly, PC = a. Let the conductor be made
of small current elements. Consider a small current element
   
Direction of dB . From (4), the direction of dB would Id  of the straight wire conductor at O. Let r be the
obviously be the direction of the cross product vector, position vector of P w.r.t. current element and  be the angle
  
d   r . It is represented by the Right handed screw rule or 
between Id  and r. Let CO = .

Right Hand Rule. Here dB is perpendicular to the plane

containing d  and r and is directed inwards. If the point P

is to the left of the current element, dB will be perpendicular

to the plane containing d  and r , directed outwards.
Some important features of Biot Savart’s law
1. Biot Savart’s law is valid for a symmetrical current distribution.
2. Biot Savart’s law is applicable only to very small length
conductor carrying current.
3. This law can not be easily verified experimentally as the
current carrying conductor of very small length can not be
obtained practically.
4. This law is analogous to Coulomb’s law in electrostatics.
 
5. The direction of dB is perpendicular to both Id  and r .
6. If  = 0° i.e. the point P lies on the axis of the linear conductor
carrying current (or on the wire carrying current) then 
According to Biot­Savart’s law, the magnetic field dB (i.e.
 0 Id sin 0 magnetic flux density or magnetic induction) at point P due
dB  0 
4 r2 to current element Id  is given by

  0 Id   r
It means there is no magnetic field induction at any point on
the thin linear current carrying conductor. dB  . 3
4 r
7. If  = 90° i.e. the point P lies at a perpendicular position w.r.t.
current element, then
0 Id sin 
or dB   ...(5)
 Id 4 r2
dB  0 2 , which is maximum.
4 r
 MAGNETISM 12

In rt. angled POC, +  = 90° or = 90° – 

0 I  2I  2I L
 sin  = sin (90° – ) = cos  ...(6) Then, B  sin   sin   0 sin   40 a
4a 4 a 4a  L2
2

a a 
Also, cos   or r  ...(7) (iv) When point P lies on the wire conductor, then d  and r for
r cos 
each element of the straight wire conductor are parallel.


or   a tan  Therefore, d   r  0 . So the magnetic field induction at P = 0.
And, tan  
a
Direction of magnetic field
Differentiating it, we get The magnetic field lines due to straight conductor carrying
2
d  a sec  d ...(8) current are in the form of concentric circles with the
conductor as centre, lying in a plane perpendicular to the
Putting the values in (5) from (6), (7) and (8), we get straight conductor. The direction of magnetic field lines is
anticlockwise, if the current flows from A to B in the straight

dB 
 2


0 I a sec  d cos  0 I
cos  d ...(9)
conductor figure (a) and is clockwise if the current flows
4  a2  4 a from B to A in the straight conductor, figure (b). The direction
 cos 2   of magnetic field lines is given by Right Hand Thumb Rule
  or Maxwell’s cork screw rule.

The direction of dB , according to right hand thumb rule,
will be perpendicular to the plane of paper and directed
inwards. As all the current elements of the conductor will
also produce magnetic field in the same direction, therefore,
the total magnetic field at point P due to current through the
whole straight conductor XY can be obtained by integrating
Eq. (9) within the limits – 1 and + 2. Thus
2 2
0 I  I 
B  dB 
4 a  cos  d  40 a sin 21
1 1

0 I  I
 sin 2  sin  1    0  sin 1  sin 2  ...(10)
4 a 4 a Right hand thumb rule. According to this rule, if we imagine
the linear wire conductor to be held in the grip of the right
Special cases. (i) When the conductor XY is of infinite length
hand so that the thumb points in the direction of current,
and the point P lies near the centre of the conductor then
then the curvature of the fingers around the conductor
1  2  90 will represent the direction of magnetic field lines, figure
(a) and (b).
0 I  2I
So, B sin 90  sin 90  0 ...(11)
4 a 4 a
(ii) When the conductor XY is of infinite length but the point P
lies near the end Y (or X) then 1 = 90° and 2 = 0°.

0 I  I
So, B sin 90  sin 0  0 ...(11 a)
4 a 4 a
Thus we note that the magnetic field due to an infinite long
linear conductor carrying current near its centre is twice
than that near one of its ends.
(iii) If length of conductor is finite, say L and point P lies on
right bisector of conductor, then

L/2 L
1  2   and sin   
2
a 2   L / 2 4a 2  L2
 MAGNETISM 13

12. MAGNETIC FIELD AT THE CENTRE OF THE 0 I  2I

 B .2r  0
CIRCULAR COIL CARRYING CURRENT 4 r 2 4 r
If the circular coil consists of n turns, then
Consider a circular coil of radius r with centre O, lying with
its plane in the plane of paper. Let I be the current flowing in  0 2nI 0 I
B   2n ...(13)
the circular coil in the direction shown, figure (a). Suppose 4 r 4 r
the circular coil is made of a large number of current elements
each of length d. 0 I
i.e. B × angle subtended by coil at the centre.
4 r

Direction of B
The direction of magnetic field at the centre of circular current
loop is given by Right hand rule.
Right Hand rule. According to this rule, if we hold the thumb
of right hand mutually perpendicular to the grip of the fingers
such that the curvature of the fingers represent the direction
of current in the wire loop, then the thumb of the right hand
will point in the direction of magnetic field near the centre of
the current loop.

According to Biot­Savart’s law, the magnetic field at the


centre of the circular coil due to the current element Id  is
given by

 0  d   r 
dB  I 
4  r 3 

 0 Idr sin   0 Id sin 

or dB  
4 r3 4 r 2
where r is the position vector of point O from the current

element. Since the angle between d  and r is 90° (i.e.,  = 90°),
therefore, 13. AMPERE’S CIRCUITAL LAW
 0 Id sin 90  Id
dB  2
or dB  0 2 ...(12) Consider an open surface with a boundary C, and the current
4 r 4 r I is passing through the surface. Let the boundary C be
 made of large number of small line elements, each of length
In this case, the direction of dB is perpendicular to the 
plane of the current loop and is directed inwards. Since the d. The direction of d  of small line element under study is
current through all the elements of the circular coil will acting tangentially to its length d. Let Bt be the tangential
contribute to the magnetic feild in the same direction, component of the magnetic field induction at this element
therefore, the total magnetic field at point O due to current  
then Bt and d  are acting in the same direction, angle
in the whole circular coil can be obtained by integrating eq.
between them is zero. We take the product of Bt and d for
(12). Thus
that element. Then
 0 Id 0 I  
B   dB   d Bt d  B.d 
4 r 2 4 r 2 


But  d = total length of the circular coil = circumference of the

current loop = 2r
MAGNETISM 14

The relation (19) is independent of the size and shape of the

closed path or loop enclosing the current.

14. MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO INFINITE LONG

STRAIGHT WIRE CARRYING CURRENT
Consider an infinite long straight wire lying in the plane of
paper. Let I be the current flowing through it from X to Y. A
magnetic field is produced which has the same magnitude
at all points that are at the same distance from the wire, i.e.
If length d is very small and products for all elements of
the magnetic field has cylindrical symmetry around the wire.
closed boundary are added together, then sum tends to be

an integral around the closed path or loop (i.e., ) . 

 
Therefore,  of B.d  over all elements on a closed path
  

 B.d  = Line integral of B around the closed path or
loop whose boundary coincides with the closed path.
According to Ampere’s circuital law,
 
B.d    0 I ...(19)

where I is the total current threading the closed path or loop

and 0 is the absolute permeability of the space. Thus, Let P be a point at a perpendicular distance r from the straight

Ampere’s circuital law states that the line integral of magnetic wire and B be the magnetic field at P. It will be acting
 tangentially to the magnetic field line passing through P.
field induction B around a closed path in vacuum is equal to
Consider an amperian loop as a circle of radius r, perpendicular
0 times the total current I threading the closed path. to the plane of paper with centre on wire such that point P
The relation (19) involves a sign convention, for the sense lies on the loop, figure. The magnitude of magnetic field is
of closed path to be traversed while taking the line integral 
same at all points on this loop. The magnetic field B at P
of magnetic field (i.e., direction of integration) and current
will be tangential to the circumference of the circular loop.
threading it, which is given by Right Hand Rule. According
We shall integrate the amperian path anticlockwise. Then
to it, if curvature of the fingers is perpendicular to the thumb  
of right hand such that the curvature of the fingers represents B and d  are acting in the same direction. The line integral
the sense, the boundary is traversed in the closed path or 
  of B around the closed loop is

loop for B.d  , then the direction of thumb gives the sense  
in which the current I is regarded as positive.   
B.d   Bd cos 0  B d  B2r

According to sign convention, for the closed path as shown As per sign convention, here I is positive,
in figure, I1 is positive and I2 is negative. Then, according to Using Ampere’s circuital law
Ampere’s circuital law  
  B.d    0 I or B2r   0 I
 B.d    0  I1  I 2   0 Ie
0 I 0 2I
where Ie is the total current enclosed by the loop or closed path. or B  ...(21)
2r 4 r

15. MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO CURRENT THROUGH

A VERY LONG CIRCULAR CYLINDER
Consider an infinite long cylinder of radius R with axis XY.
Let I be the current passing through the cylinder. A magnetic
field is set up due to current through the cylinder in the form
of circular magnetic lines of force, with their centres lying
 MAGNETISM 15

on the axis of cylinder. These lines of force are perpendicular

 0 r Ir
to the length of cylinder. or B i.e., B  r
2 R 2
If we plot a graph between magnetic field induction B and
distance from the axis of cylinder for a current flowing through
a solid cylinder, we get a curve of the type as shown figure

Case I. Point P is lying outside the cylinder. Let r be the

perpendicular distance of point P from the axis of cylinder, Here we note that the magnetic field induction is maximum
 for a point on the surface of solid cylinder carrying current
where r > R. Let B be the magnetic field induction at P. It is
acting tangential to the magnetic line of force at P directed and is zero for a point on the axis of cylinder.
 
into the paper. Here B and d  are acting in the same direction.
16. FORCE BETWEEN TWO PARALLEL CONDUCTORS
Applying Ampere circuital law we have CARRYING CURRENT
 
B.d   0 I or 
Bd cos 0   0 I Consider C 1D 1 and C 2 D 2, two infinite long straight
conductors carrying currents I1 and I2 in the same direction.
or  Bd  0I or B2r   0 I They are held parallel to each other at a distance r apart, in
the plane of paper. The magnetic field is produced due to
current through each conductor shown separately in figure.
0 I
or B , i.e., B  1/ r Since each conductor is in the magnetic field produced by
2r the other, therefore, each conductor experiences a force.
Case II. Point P is lying inside cylinder. Here r < R. we may
have two possibilities. D1 r D2
(i) If the current is only along the surface of cylinder which is B1 90° I2
so if the conductor is a cylindrical sheet of metal, then current
through the closed path L is zero. Using Ampere circutal F1 F2
B
law, we have B = 0. × ×
(ii) If the current is uniformly distributed throughout the cross­ B
section of the conductor, then the current through closed 90°
path L is given by
I1 B2
2
I Ir C1 C2
I'  2
 r 2  2
R R
Magnetic field induction at a point P on conductor C2D2
Applying Ampere’s circuital law, we have
due to current I1 passing through C1D1 is given by
 
B.d   0 r I'
B1 
0 2I1
...(12)
4 r
2
0 r Ir According to right hand rule, the direction of magnetic field
or 2rB  0 r I ' 
R2 
B1 is perpendicular to the plane of paper, directed inwards.
 MAGNETISM 16

As the current carrying conductor C2D2 lies in the magnetic

   Q  R  S   P 
field B1 (produced by the current through C1D1), therefore,  B.d   B.d   B.d   B.d   B.d 
   
PQRS P Q R S
the unit length of C2D2 will experience a force given by
F2 = B1I2 × 1 = B1I2 Q
  Q
Putting the value of B1, we have Here, B.d   Bd cos 0  BL
 
P P
 2I I
F2  0 . 1 2 ...(13)
4 r R
  R P
 
and  B.d   Bd cos90  0  B.d 
 
It means the two linear parallel conductors carrying
Q Q S
currents in the same direction attract each other.
Thus one ampere is that much current which when flowing S
 
through each of the two parallel uniform long linear Also, B.d   0
 ( outside the solenoid, B = 0)
conductors placed in free space at a distance of one metre R
from each other will attract or repel each other with a force
 
of 2 × 10–7 N per metre of their length.
 B.d   BL  0  0  0  BL
...(21)
PQRS
17. THE SOLENOID
From Ampere’s circuital law
A solenoid consists of an insulating long wire closely wound  
in the form of a helix. Its length is very large as compared to  B.d   0 × total current through the rectangle PQRS
its diameter. PQRS

Magnetic field due to a solenoid = 0 × no. of turns in rectangle × current

Consider a long straight solenoid of circular cross­section. = 0 n LI ...(22)
Each two turns of the solenoid are insulated from each other. From (21) and (22), we have
When current is passed through the solenoid, then each
turn of the solenoid can be regarded as a circular loop BL = 0 n LI or B = 0 n I
carrying current and thus will be producing a magnetic field. This relation gives the magnetic field induction at a point
At a point outside the solenoid, the magnetic fields due to well inside the solenoid. At a point near the end of a solenoid,
neighbouring loops oppose each other and at a point inside the magnetic field induction is found to be 0 n I/2.
the solenoid, the magnetic fields are in the same direction.
As a result of it, the effective magnetic field outside the 18. TOROID
solenoid becomes weak, whereas the magnetic field in the
interior of solenoid becomes strong and uniform, acting The toroid is a hollow circular ring on which a large number of
along the axis of the solenoid. insulated turns of a metallic wire are closely wound. In fact, a
toroid is an endless solenoid in the form of a ring, figure.
Let us now apply Ampere’s circuital law.
Let n be the number of turns per unit length of solenoid and
I be the current flowing through the solenoid and the turns
of the solenoid be closely packed.
Consider a rectangular amperian loop PQRS near the middle
of solenoid as shown in figure

S R

P Q
L
B

××××××××××××××××× Magnetic field due to current in ideal toroid

 Let n be the number of turns per unit length of toroid and I
The line integral of magnetic field induction B over the be the current flowing through it. In case of ideal toroid, the
closed path PQRS is coil turns are circular and closely wound. A magnetic field
 MAGNETISM 17

of constant magnitude is set up inside the turns of toroid in

the form of concentric circular magnetic field lines. The 19. MAGNETISM & MATTER
direction of the magnetic field at a point is given by the
tangent to the magnetic field line at that point. We draw 19.1 The Bar Magnet
three circular amperian loops, 1, 2 and 3 of radii r1, r2 and r3 to
be traversed in clockwise direction as shown by dashed It is the most commonly used form of an artificial magnet.
circles in figure, so that the points P, S and Q may lie on
When we hold a sheet of glass over a short bar magnet and
them. The circular area bounded by loops 2 and 3, both cut
sprinkle some iron filings on the sheet, the iron filings
the toroid. Each turn of current carrying wire is cut once by
rearrange themselves as shown in figure. The pattern
the loop 2 and twice by the loop 3. Let B1 be the magnitude
suggests that attraction is maximum at the two ends of the
of magnetic field along loop 1. Line integral of magnetic
bar magnet. These ends are called poles of the magnet.
field B1 along the loop 1 is
 
 B1 .d    B1d cos 0  B1 2r1 ...(i)
loop 1 loop 1

Loop 1 encloses no current.

According to Ampere’s circuital law
 
 B1 .d    0  current enclosed by loop 1 = 0 × 0 = 0
loop1

or B12  r1 = 0 or B1 = 0
Let B3 be the magnitude of magnetic field along the loop 3.
The line integral of magnetic field B3 along the loop 3 is
 
 B3 .d    B3d cos 0  B3 2r3
loop 3 loop 3

From the sectional cut as shown in figure, we note that the

current coming out of the plane of paper is cancelled exactly
by the current going into it. Therefore, the total current
enclosed by loop 3 is zero.
According to Ampere’s circuital law
 
 B3 .d   0 × total current through loop 3
loop 3

or B3 2r3  0  0  0 or B3  0
Let B the magnitude of magnetic field along the loop 2. Line
integral of magnetic field along the loop 2 is 1. The earth behaves as a magnet.
  2. Every magnet attracts small pieces of magnetic substances
 B.d   B2r2
like iron, cobalt, nickel and steel towards it.
loop 2
3. When a magnet is suspended freely with the help of an
Current enclosed by the loop 2 = number of turns × current unspun thread, it comes to rest along the north south
in each turn = 2  r2 n × I direction.
According to Ampere’s circuital law 4. Like poles repel each other and unlike poles attract each
  other.
 B.d   0  total current
5. The force of attraction or repulsion F between two magnetic
loop 2
poles of strengths m1 and m2 separated by a distance r is
or B2  r2   0  2r2 nI or B  0 nI directly proportional to the product of pole strengths and
inversely proportional to the square of the distance between
their centres, i.e.,
 MAGNETISM 18

m1m 2 mm the field of the magnet. The torque acting on a compass

F or F  K 1 2 2 , where K is magnetic force needle aligns it in the direction of the magnetic field.
r2 r
constant. The path along which the compass needles are aligned is
known as magnetic field line.
0
In SI units, K   107 Wb A 1m 1
4
where 0 is absolute magnetic permeability of free space
(air/vacuum).

0 m1m 2
 F ...(1)
4 r 2
This is called Coulomb’s law of magnetic force. However, in
cgs system, the value of K = 1.

This corresponds to Coulomb’s law in electrostatics.

SI Unit of magnetic pole strength

Suppose m1 = m2 = m (say),
r = 1 m and F = 10–7 N
From equation (1),

107  107 
 m  m or m 2  1 or m = +1 ampere­metre
12
(Am). Therefore, strength of a magnetic pole is said to be
one ampere­metre, if it repels an equal and similar pole, when
placed in vacuum (or air) at a distance of one metre from it,
with a force of 10–7 N.
6. The magnetic poles always exist in pairs. The poles of a
magnet can never be separated i.e. magnetic monopoles do
not exist.

20. MAGNETIC FIELD LINES

Magnetic field line is an imaginary curve, the tangent to
which at any point gives us the direction of magnetic field

B at that point.
If we imagine a number of small compass needless around a
magnet, each compass needle experiences a torque due to
 MAGNETISM 19

Properteis of magnetic field lines

1. The magnetic field lines of a magnet (or of a solenoid
carrying current) form closed continuous loops.
2. Outside the body of the magnet, the direction of magnetic
field lines is from north pole to south pole.
We shall show that the SI unit of M is joule/tesla or ampere
3. At any given point, tangent to the magnetic field line
 metre2.
represents the direction of net magnetic field ( B ) at that  SI unit of pole strength is Am.
point.
Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid
4. The magnitude of magnetic field at any point is represented
We know that a current loop acts as a magnetic dipole.
by the number of magnetic field lines passing normally
According to Ampere’s hypothesis, all magnetic phenomena
through unit area around that point. Therefore, crowded
can be explained in terms of circulating currents.
lines represent a strong magnetic field and lines which are
not so crowded represent a weak magnetic field. In figure magnetic field lines for a bar magnet and a current
carrying solenoid resemble very closely. Therefore, a bar
5. No two magnetic field lines can intersect each other.
magnet can be thought of as a large number of circulating
currents in analogy with a solenoid. Cutting a bar magnet is
like cutting a solenoid. We get two smaller solenoids with
weaker magnetic properties. The magnetic field lines remain
continuous, emerging from one face of one solenoid and
entering into other face of other solenoid. If we were to
move a small compass needle in the neighbourhood of a bar
magnet and a current carrying solenoid, we would find that
21. MAGNETIC DIPOLE the deflections of the needle are similar in both cases.
To demonstrate the similarity of a current carrying solenoid
A magnetic dipole consists of two unlike poles of equal
to a bar magnet, let us calculate axial field of a finite solenoid
strength and separated by a small distance.
carrying current.
For example, a bar magnet, a compass needle etc. are
magnetic dipoles. We shall show that a current loop behaves
as a magnetic dipole. An atom of a magnetic material behaves
as a dipole due to electrons revolving around the nucleus.
The two poles of a magnetic dipole (or a magnet), called
north pole and south pole are always of equal strength, and
of opposite nature. Further such two magnetic poles exist
always in pairs and cannot be separated from each other.
The distance between the two poles of a bar magnet is called
the magnetic length of the magnet. It is a vector directed from In figure, suppose

S­pole of magnet to its N­pole, and is represented by 2  . a = radius of solenoid,
Magnetic dipole moment is the product of strength of either 2 = length of solenoid with centre O

pole (m) and the magnetic length ( 2  ) of the magnet. n = number of turns per unit length of solenoid,
 i = strength of current passed through the solenoid
It is represented by M .
Magnetic dipole moment = strength of either pole × magnetic We have to calculate magnetic field at any point P on the
length axis of solenoid, where OP = r. Consider a small element of
thickness dx of the solenoid, at a distance x from O.
 
 
M  m 2 Number of turns in the element = n dx.
Using equation, magnitude of magnetic field at P due to this
Magnetic dipole moment is a vector quantity directed from current element is
South to North pole of the magnet, as shown in figure
0ia 2  n dx 
dB  3/ 2
2
2  r  x   a 2  ...(10)
 
 MAGNETISM 20

If P lies at a very large distance from O, i.e., r >> a and r >> x,

U  W   MB  cos 2  cos 1  ...(17)
then [(r – x)2 + a2]3/2  r3
When 1 = 90°, and 2 = , then
0ia 2 ndx
dB  ...(11) U = W = – MB (cos  – cos 90°)
2r 3
W = – MB cos  ...(18)
As range of variation of x is from x = –  to x = +, therefore
the magnitude of total magnetic field at P due to current In vector notation, we may rewrie (18) as
carrying solenoid  
U   M.B ...(19)
2 x   2
 0 nia  0 nia 
B  dx   x xx 
 
Particular Cases
2r 3 x 
2r 3 1. When  = 90°
2
U = – MB cos  = – MB cos 90° = 0
 ni a 2  2n  2  ia
B 0 3 
2   0 ...(12) i.e., when the dipole is perpendicular to magnetic field its potential
2 r 4 r3 energy is zero.
If M is magnetic moment of the solenoid, then Hence to calculate potential energy of diole at any position
M = total no. of turns × current × area of cross section making angle  with B, we use
M = n (2) × i × (a2) U = – MB (cos 2 – cos 1) and take 1 = 90° and 2 = .
Therefore,
0 2M U = – MB (cos  – cos 90°) = – MB cos 
 B ...(13)
4 r 3 2. When = 0°
This is the expression for magnetic field on the axial line of U = – MB cos 0° = – MB
a short bar magnet. which is minimum. This is the position of stable equilibrium,
Thus, the axial field of a finite solenoid carrying current is i.e., when the magnetic dipole is aligned along the magnetic
same as that of a bar magnet. Hence, for all practical purposes, field, it is in stable equilibrium having minimum P.E.
a finite solenoid carrying current is equivalent to a bar magnet. 3. When = 180°
Potential energy of a magnetic dipole in a magnetic field U = – MB cos 180° = MB, which is maximum. This is the
Potential energy of a magnetic dipole in a magnetic field is position of unstable equilibrium.
the energy possessed by the dipole due to its particular
position in the field.

When a magnetic dipole of moment M is held at an angle 

with the direction of a uniform magnetic field B , the
magnitude of the torque acting on the dipole is
  MBsin  ...(16)
This torque tends to align the dipole in the direction of the
field. Work has to be done in rotating the dipole against the
action of the torque. This work done is stored in the
magnetic dipole as potential energy of the dipole.
Now, small amount of work done in rotating the dipole
through a small angle d against the restoring torque is 22. MAGNETISM AND GAUSS’S LAW
dW = d= MB sin d
According to Gauss’s law for magnetism, the net magnetic
Total work done in rotating the dipole from = 1 to  = 2 is
flux (B) through any closed surface is always zero.
2

23. EARTH’S MAGNETISM
W  MBsin  d  MB  cos 12   MBcos 2  cos 1 
1
Magnetic elements of earth at a place are the quantities
 Potential energy of the dipole is which describe completely in magnitude as well as direction,
the magnetic field of earth at that place.
 MAGNETISM 21

Square (23) and (24), and add

23.1 Magnetic declination
H2 + V2 = R2 (cos2  + sin2 ) = R2
Magnetic declination at a place is the angle between
magnetic meridian and geographic meridian at that place.  R  H2  V2 ...(25)

Dividing (24) by (23), we get

R sin  V V
 or tan   ...(26)
R cos  H H
The value of horizontal component H = R cos  is different
at different places. At the magnetic poles,  = 90°
 H = R cos 90° = zero
At the magnetic equator,  = 0°
 H = R cos 0° = R
Horizontal component (H) can be measured using both, a
vibration magnetometer and a deflection magnetometer.
The value of H at a place on the surface of earth is of the
order of 3.2 × 10–5 tesla.
Retain in Memory
Memory note
1. The earth’s magnetic poles are not at directly opposite positions
on globe. Current magnetic south is farther from geographic Note that the direction of horizontal component H of earth’s
south than magnetic north is from geographic north. magnetic field is from geographic south to geographic north
above the surface of earth. (if we ignore declination).
2. Infact, the magnetic field of earth varies with position and
also with time. For example, in a span of 240 years from 1580 24. MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MATTER
to 1820 A.D., the magnetic declination at London has been
found to change by 3.5° – suggesting that magnetic poles To describe the magnetic properties of materials, we define
of earth change their position with time. the following few terms, which should be clearly understood
3. The magnetic declination in India is rather small. At Delhi,
declination is only 0° 41’ East and at Mumbai, the declination 24.1 Magnetic Permeability
is 0° 58’ West. Thus at both these places, the direction of
geographic north is given quite accurately by the compass It is the ability of a material to permit the passage of magnetic
needle (within 1° of the actual direction). lines of force through it i.e. the degree or extent to which magnetic
field can penetrate or permeate a material is called relative
23.2 Magnetic Dip or Magnetic Inclination magnetic permeability of the material. It is represented by r.
Relative magnetic permeability of a mterial is defined as the
Magnetic dip or magnetic inclination at a place is defined as ratio of the number of magnetic field lines per unit area (i.e.
the angle which the direction of total strength of earth’s flux density B) in that material to the number of magnetic
magnetic field makes with a horizontal line in magnetic meridian. field lines per unit area that would be present, if the medium
were replaced by vacuum. (i.e. flux density B0).
23.3 Horizontal Component
B
It is the component of total intensity of earth’s magnetic i.e., r 
field in the horizontal direction in magnetic meridian. It is B0
represented by H.
Relative magnetic permeability of a material may also be
In figure, AK represents the total intensity of earth’s magnetic defined as the ratio of magnetic permeability of the material
field, BAK = . The resultant intensity R along AK is () and magnetic permeability of free space (0)
resolved into two rectangular components :
Horizontal component along AB is 
 r  or    r 0
AL = H = R cos  ...(23) 0
Vertical component along AD is We know that 0 = 4 × 10–7 weber/amp­metre (Wb A–1 m–1)
AM = V = R sin  ...(24) or henry/metre (Hm–1)
 MAGNETISM 22

 SI units of permeability () are But B = H

Hm–1 = Wb A–1 m–1 = (T m2) A–1 m–1 = T m A–1 
 H  0 H 1   m  or  1  m
0

24.2 Magnetic Intensity ( H )
or r  1  m
The degree to which a magnetic field can magnetise a material
This is the relation between relative magnetic permeability
is represented in terms of magnetising force or magnetise
 and magnetic susceptibility of the material.
intensity ( H ).
25. CLASSIFICATION OF MAGNETIC MATERIALS
24.3 Magnetisation or Intensity of Magnetisation ‘I’
There is a large variety of elements and compounds on earth.
It represents the extent to which a specimen is magnetised, Some new elements, alloys and compounds have been
when placed in a magnetising field. Quantitatively, synthesized in the laboratory. Faraday classified these
The magnetisation of a magnetic material is defined as the substances on the basis of their magnetic properties, into
magnetic moment per unit volume of the material. the following three categories :
(i) Diamagnetic substances,
Magnetic moment m
M   (ii) Paramagnetic substances, and
volume V
(iii) Ferromagnetic substances
There are SI unit of I, which are the same as SI units of H.
Their main characteristics are discussed below :
Magnetic susceptibility (  m ) of a magnetic material is
25.1 Diamagnetic Substances
defined as the ratio of the intensity of magnetisation (I)
induced in the material to the magnetising force (H) applied The diamagnetic substances are those in which the
individual atoms/molecules/ions do not possess any net
on it. Magnetic susceptibility is represented by  m .
magnetic moment on their own. When such substances are
placed in an external magnetising field, they get feebly
I magnetised in a direction opposite to the magnetising field.
Thus  m 
H when placed in a non­uniform magnetic field, these
substances have a tendency to move from stronger parts of
Relation between magnetic permeability and magnetic
the field to the weaker parts.
susceptibility
When a specimen of a diamagnetic material is placed in a
When a magnetic material is placed in a magnetising field of
magnetising field, the magnetic field lines prefer not to pass
magnetising intensity H, the material gets magnetised. The through the specimen.
total magnetic induction B in the material is the sum of the
Relative magnetic permeability of diamagnetic substances
magnetic induction B0 in vacuum produced by the magnetic
is always less than unity.
intensity and magnetic induction Bm, due to magnetisation
of the material. Therefore, From the relation r  1  m  , as  r  1, m is negative.
B = B0 + Bm Hence susceptibility of diamagnetic substances has a small
But B0 = 0 H and Bm = m0 I, where I is the intensity of negative value.
magnetisation induced in the magnetic material. Therefore, A superconductor repels a magnet and in turn, is repelled
from above by the magnet.
The phenomenon of perfect diamagnetism in
B   0 H  0 I  0  H  I  , superconductors is called Meissner effect. Superconducting
magnets have been used for running magnetically leviated
i.e., B  0  H  I  superfast trains.

25.2 Paramagnetic substances

I
Now as  m   I  m H
H Paramagnetic substacnes are those in which each individual
atom/molecule/ion has a net non zero magnetic moment of
From above, B  0  H  m H   0 H 1  m  its own. When such substances are placed in an external
 MAGNETISM 23

magnetic field, they get feebly magnetised in the direction inversely proportional to the temperature (T) of the material.
of the magnetising field.
1
When placed in a non­uniform magnetic field, they tend to i.e., I  B, and I 
T
move from weaker parts of the field to the stronger parts.
When a specimen of a paramagnetic substance is placed in B
a magnetising field, the magnetic field lines prefer to pass Combining these factors, we get I 
T
through the specimen rather than through air.
As B  H , magnetising intensity
From the SI relation,  r  1   m , as  r  1 , therefore,  m
H I 1
must be positive. Hence, susceptibility of paramagnetic  I or 
substances is positive, though small. T H T
Susceptibility of paramagnetic substances varies inversely I
But  m
1 H
as the temperature of the substance i.e.  m  i.e. they
T
lose their magnetic character with rise in temperature. 1 C
 m  or m 
T T
25.3 Ferromagnetic substances where C is a constant of proportionality and is called Curie
Ferromagnetic substances are those in which each individual constant.
atom/molecule/ion has a non zero magnetic moment, as in a
paramagnetic substance. 26. HYSTERISIS CURVE
When such substances are placed in an external magnetising
The hysterisis curve represents the relation between
field, they get strongly magnetised in the direction of the field.  
magnetic induction B (or intensity of magnetization I ) of
The ferromagnetic materials show all the properties of
paramagnetic substances, but to a much greater degree. For a ferromagnetic material with magnetiziing force or magnetic
example, 
intensity H . The shape of the hysterisis curve is shown in
(i) They are strongly magnetised in the direction of external figure. It represents the behaviour of the material as it is
field in which they are placed. taken through a cycle of magnetization.
(ii) Relative magnetic permeability of ferromagnetic materials is 
Suppose the material is unmagnetised initially i.e., B  0
very large (  103 to 105)

(iii) The susceptibility of ferromagnetic materials is also very and H  0 . This state is represented by the origin O. Wee
large.  m  r  1 place the material in a solenoid and increase the current

That is why they can be magnetised easily and strongly. through the solenoid gradually. The magnetising force H
(iv) With rise in temperature, susceptibility of ferromagnetics 
increases. The magnetic induction B in the material
decreases. At a certain temperature, ferromagnetics change
increases and saturates as depicted in the curve oa. This
over to paramagnetics. This transition temperature is called
curie temperature. For example, curie temperature of iron is behaviour represents alignment and merger of the domains

about 1000 K. of ferromagnetic material until no further enhancement in B
is possible. Therefore, there is no use of inreasing solenoid
current and hence magnetic intensity beyond this.

25.4 Curie Law in Magnetism

According to Curie law,
Intensity of magnetisation (I) of a magnetic material is (i)
directly proportional to magnetic induction (B), and (ii)
MAGNETISM 24

This phenomenon of lagging of I or B behind H when a

specimen of a magnetic material is subjected to a cycle of
magnetisation is called hysteresis.
For example, hysteresis loop for soft iron is narrow and
large, whereas the hysteresis loop for steel is wide and short,
figure

Next, we decrease the solenoid current and hence magnetic The hysterisis loops of soft iron and steel reveal that
 (i) The retentivity of soft iron is greater than the retentivity of
intensity H till it reduces to zero. The curve follows the
  steel,
path ab showing that when H  0 , B  0 . Thus, some
(ii) Soft iron is more strongly magnetised than steel,
magnetism is left in the specimen.
 (iii) Coercivity of soft iron is less than coercivity of steel. It
The value of magnetic induction B left in the specimen means soft iron loses its magnetism more rapidly than steel
when the magnetising force is reduced to zero is called does.
Retentivity or Remanence or Residual magnetism of the (iv) As area of I­H loop for soft iron is smaller than the area of
material. I­H loop for steel, therefore, hysterisis loss in case of soft
It shows that the domains are not completely randomised iron is smaller than the hysterisis loss in case of steel.
even when the magnetising force is removed. Next, the (a) Permanent Magnets
current in the solenoid is reversed and increased slowly.
Permanent magnets are the materials which retain at room
Certain domains are flipped until the net magnetic induction
 temperature, their ferromagnetic properties for a long time.
B inside is reduced to zero. This is represented by the The material chosen should have
curve bc. It means to reduce the residual magnetism or (i) high retentivity so that the magnet is strong,
retentivity to zero, we have to apply a magnetising force =
OC in opposite direction. This value of magnetising force is (ii) high coercivity so that the magnetisation is not erased by
called coercivity of the material. stray magnetic fields, temperature changes or mechanical
damage due to rough handling etc.
As the reverse current in solenoid is increased in magnitude,
we once again obtain saturation in the reverse direction at (iii) high permeability so that it can be magnetised easily.
d. The variation is represented by the curve cd. Next, the Steel is preferred for making permanent magnets.
solenoid current is reduced (curve de), reversed and (b) Electromagnets
increased (curve ea). The cycle repeats itself. From figure,
The core of electromagnets are made of ferromagnetic
we find that saturated magnetic induction BS is of the order
materials, which have high permeability and low retentivity.
of 1.5 T and coercivity is of the order of –90 Am–1.
Soft iron is a suitable material for this purpose. When a soft
From the above discussion, it is clear that when a specimen iron rod is placed in a solenoid and current is passed through
of a magnetic material is taken through a cycle of the solenoid, magnetism of the solenoid is increased by a
magnetisation, the intensity of magnetisation (I) and thousand fold. When the solenoid current is switched off,
magnetic induction (B) lag behind the magnetising force the magnetism is removed instantly as retentivity of soft
(H). Thus, even if the magnetising force H is made zero, the iron is very low. Electromagnets are used in electric bells,
values of I and B do not reduce to zero i.e., the specimen loudspeakers and telephone diaphragms. Giant
tends to retain the magnetic properties. electromagnets are used in cranes to lift machinery etc.
MAGNETISM 25
MAGNETISM 26

Specific example
27. HALL EFFECT
In the above circular loop tension in part A and B.
The Phenomenon of producing a transverse emf in a current
In balanced condition of small part AB of the loop is shown below
carrying conductor on applying a magnetic field perpendicular
to the direction of the current is called Hall effect.
Hall effect helps us to know the nature and number of charge
carriers in a conductor.
Consider a conductor having electrons as current carriers.
The electrons move with drift velocity v opposite to the
direction of flow of current

d d
2Tsin  dF  Bid  2T sin  BiRd
2 2

d d d
If d is small so, sin   2T.  BiRd
  2 2 2
 
Force acting on electron Fm   e v  B . This force acts
along x­axis and hence electrons will move towards face (2) BiL
T  BiR, if 2R  L so T 
and it becomes negatively charged. 2

28. STANDARD CASES FOR FORCE ON

CURRENT CARRYING CONDUCTORS
Case 1 : When an arbitrary current carrying loop placed in
If no magnetic field is present, the loop will still open into
a magnetic field (  to the plane of loop), each element of
a circle as in it’s adjacent parts current will be in opposite
loop experiences a magnetic force due to which loop
direction and opposite currents repel each other.
stretches and open into circular loop and tension developed
in it’s each part.

Case 2 : Equilibrium of a current carrying conductor :

When a finite length current carrying wire is kept parallel to
another infinite length current carrying wire, it can suspend
freely in air as shown below
MAGNETISM 27

Wire is placed along the axis of coil so magnetic field

produced by the coil is parallel to the wire. Hence it will not
experience any force.
Case 4 : Current carrying spring : If current is passed
through a spring, then it will contract because current will
flow through all the turns in the same direction.

In both the situations for equilibrium of XY it’s downward

 0 2i1i 2
weight = upward magnetic force i.e. mg  . .
4 h

* In the first case if wire XY is slightly displaced from its

equilibrium position, it executes SHM and it’s time period
If current makes to flow through spring, then spring will
h contract and weight lift up.
is given by T  2 .
g

* If direction of current in movable wire is reversed then

it’s instantaneous acceleration produced is 2g.

Case 3 : Current carrying wire and circular loop : If a

current carrying straight wire is placed in the magnetic field
of current carrying circular loop.

If switch is closed then current start flowing, spring will

execute oscillation in vertical plane.
Case 5 : Tension less strings : In the following figure the
value and direction of current through the conductor XY so
that strings becomes tensionless ?
Strings becomes tensionless if weight of conductor XY
balanced by magnetic force (Fm).
Wire is placed in the perpendicular magnetic field due to
coil at it’s centre, so it will experience a maximum force
0i1
F  Bi   i2
2r
MAGNETISM 28

In the following situation conducting rod (X, Y) slides at

constant velocity if

mg
Fcos   mgsin   Bi cos   mg sin   B  tan 
i

TIPS & TRICKS

1. The device whose working principle based on Halmholtz
Hence direction of current is from X  Y and in balanced coils and in which uniform magnetic field is used called as
mg “Halmholtz galvanometer”.
condition Fm = mg  Bi = mg  i =
B 2. The value of magnetic field induction at a point, on the
centre of separation of two linear parallel conductors
Case 6 : A current carrying conductor floating in air such
carrying equal currents in the same direction is zero.
that it is making an angle  with the direction of magnetic
field, while magnetic field and conductor both lies in a 3. If a current carrying circular loop (n = 1) is turned into a
horizontal plane. coil having n identical turns then magnetic field at the
centre of the coil becomes n2 times the previous field i.e.
B(n turn) = n2 B(single turn).
4. When a current carrying coil is suspended freely in earth’s
magnetic field, it’s plane stays in East­West direction.

5.  
Magnetic field B produced by a moving charge q is given

 0 q  v  r  0 q  v  rˆ 
mg by B   ; where v = velocity of
In equilibrium mg = Bi sin  i  4 r 3 4 r 2
B sin 
charge and v < < c (speed of light).
Case 7 : Sliding of conducting rod on inclined rails : When
a conducting rod slides on conducting rails.

6. If an electron is revolving in a circular path of radius r with

speed v then magnetic field produced at the centre of circular

 0 ev v
path B  . r .
4 r 2 B

7.  
The line integral of magnetising field H for any closed
path called magnetomotive force (MMF). It’s S.I. unit is amp.
8. Ratio of dimension of e.m.f. to MMF is equal to the dimension
of resistance.
9. The positive ions are produced in the gap between the two
dees by the ionisation of the gas. To produce proton,
hydrogen gas is used; while for producing alpha­particles,
helium gas is used.
 MAGNETISM 29

10. Cyclotron frequency is also known as magnetic resonance

frequency.
11. Cyclotron can not accelerate electrons because they have
very small mass.
12. The energy of a charged particle moving in a uniform magnetic
field does not change because it experiences a force in a
direction, perpendicular to it’s direction of motion. Due to
which the speed of charged particle remains unchanged and
hence it’s K.E. remains same.
17. If no magnetic field is present, the loop will still open into a
13. Magnetic force does no work when the charged particle is circle as in it’s adjacent parts current will be in opposite
displaced while electric force does work in displacing the
direction and opposite currents repel each other.
charged particle.
14. Magnetic force is velocity dependent, while electric force
is independent of the state of rest or motion of the charged
particle.
15. If a particle enters a magnetic field normally to the
magnetic field, then it starts moving in a circular orbit.
The point at which it enters the magnetic field lies on the
circumference. (Most of us confuse it with the centre of the
orbit)
16. Deviation of charged particle in magnetic field : If a
 18. In the following case if wire XY is slightly displaced from its
charged particle (q, m) enters a uniform magnetic field B equilibrium position, it executes SHM and it’s time period is
(extends upto a length x) at right angles with speed v as
shown in figure. The speed of the particle in magnetic h
given by T  2 .
field does not change. But it gets deviated in the magnetic g
field.

 Bq 
Deviation in terms of time t ;   t   t
m

Deviation in terms of length of the magnetic field ;

x
  sin 1   . This relation can be used only when x  r .
r

For x > r, the deviation will be 180° as shown in the following figure 19. In the previous case if direction of currnet in movable wire
is reversed then it’s instantaneous acceleration produced is
2g.
20. Electric force is an absolute concept while magnetic force is
a relative concept for an observer.
21. The nature of force between two parallel charge beams
decided by electric force, as it is dominator. The nature of
force between two parallel current carrying wires decided
by magnetic force.
 MAGNETISM 30

24. If a current carrying conductor AB is placed transverse to a

22. If a straight current carrying wire is placed along the axis of long current carrying conductor as shown then force.
a current carrying coil then it will not experience magnetic
Experienced by wire AB
force because magnetic field produced by the coil is parallel
to the wire. 0i1i 2 x
F log e  
23. The force acting on a curved wire joining points a and b as 2  x 
shown in the figure is the same as that on a straight wire
  
joining these points. It is given by the expression F  iL  B
 MAGNETISM 31

SOLVED EXAMPLES

Example - 1 mv m
r or r 
An electron is passing through a field but no force is acting Bq q
on it. Under what conditions is it possible, if the motion of
the electron be in the (i) electric field (ii) magnetic field ? rp mp q   m   2e  1
     
r m q p  4m   e  2
Sol. (i) In electric field, there is always a force on the moving
electron opposite to the direction of field. Thus the force
or r  2 rp i.e. r  rp .
will be zero only if electric field is zero.
(ii) In magnetic field, the force acting on a moving electron is i.e. track B corresponds to ­particle and track A to proton.
F = qv B sin , it is zero if  = 0º or 180º. Example - 3
i.e. the electron is moving parallel to the direction of magnetic Why is ammeter connected in series and voltmeter in
field. parallel in the circuit ?

Example - 2 Sol. An ammeter is a low resistance galvanometer. It is used to

A neutron, a proton an electron and an ­particle enter a measure the current in ampere. To measure the current of a
region of constant magnetic field with equal velocities. circuit, the ammeter is connected in series to the circuit so
that the current to be measured must pass through it. Since,
The magnetic field is along the inward normal to the plane
the resistance of ammeter is low, so its inclusion in series in
of paper. The tracks of the particles are shown in figure.
the circuit does not change the resistance and hence the
Relate the tracks to the particles.
main current in the circuit.
A voltmeter is a high resistance galvanometer. It is used to
measure potential difference between two points of the
circuit in volt. To measure the potential difference between
the two points of a circuit, the voltmeter is connected in
parallel to the circuit. The voltmeter resistance being high, it
draws minimum current from the main circuit and the potential
difference to be measured is not affected materially.
Example - 4
Sol. We know that force on a charged particle in the magnetic A current carrying circular loop is located in a uniform
field is external magnetic field. If the loop is free to turn, what is its
   orientation of stable equilibrium? Show that in this
F  q v  B or F  qvBsin , so orientation, the flux of the total field (external field + field
(i) For neutral particle i.e. neutron, q = 0, hence F = 0. It means produced by the loop) is maximum.
neutron will go undeflected i.e. track C corresponds to Sol. The current carrying circular loop behaves as a magnetic
neutron. 
dipole of magnetic moment M acting perpendicular to its
(ii) For negatively charged particle i.e. electron, the direction of plane. The torque on the current loop of magnetic dipole
force, according to Fleming’s Left hand rule will be towards moment M in the magnetic field B is
right. So track D corresponds to electron.
 = MB sin  = IA × B sin , ( M = AI)
(iii) For positively charged particle, the direction of force,  
where  is the angle between M and B . The system will be
according to Fleming’s left hand rule will be towards left. So
in stable equilibrium if torque is zero, which is so if  = 0º.
both tracks A and B correspond to positively charged   
particles (i.e. protons and ­particles). This is possible if B is parallel to A i.e. B is perpendicular
When a moving charged particle is subjected to a to the plane of the loop. In this orientation, the magnetic
perpendicular magnetic field, it describes a circular path of field produced by the loop is in the same direction as that of
radius r given by external field, both normal to the plane of loop. It is due to
this fact, the magnetic flux due to total field is maximum.
 MAGNETISM 32

Example - 5 electric field time and again with the use of strong magnetic
Three wires each of length 2.0 m are bent into different field.
rectangular loops and then suspended in a magnetic field, A cyclotron is used (i) to bombard nuclei with high energy
figure. If the current in each of them be the same, which particles and to study the resulting nuclear reaction (ii) to
loop shall be acted upon by largest torque ? If any of the produce radioactive substances which may be used in
wires be bent into circular loop, then ? hospitals for diagnosing the diseases in the body.
Example - 9
A charged particle enters into a uniform magnetic field and
experiences upwardforce as indicated in figure. What is
the charge sign on the particle ?

Sol. Torque () on a current loop suspended in a uniform magnetic Sol. The particle has a positive charge.
field is given by = I AB sin  i.e.   A. Since the area of
Example - 10
loop (c) = 0.5 m × 0.5 m is maximum; hence the largest torque
will be acting on it. When any wire is bent into a circular You are given a low resistance R1, a high resistance R2
loop, the torque will be even more because for a given and a moving coil galvanometer. Suggest how you would
perimeter the area of the circle is maximum. use these to have an instrument that will be able to
measure (i) currents (ii) potential differences.
Example - 6
What is meant by cyclotron frequency ? Sol. (i) To measure currents, the low resistance R1 is connected
in parallel to the moving coil galvanometer.
Sol. It is the frequency of oscillation of a heavy charged particle
(ii) To measure potential differences, a high resistance R2 is
in between two dees of cyclotron, which is equal to the
connected in series with the moving coil galvanometer.
frequency of high frequency oscillator, creating electric field
between two dees of cyclotron. Cyclotron frequency, Example - 11
v = Bq/2  m, which is independent of the radius of the State properties of the material of the wire used for
circular path and velocity of the charged particle in the two suspension of the coil in a moving coil galvanometer.
dees of cyclotron. Sol. The properties of the material of the wire used for suspension
Example - 7 of the coil in a moving coil galvanometer are as follows :

 
A charge 3 coulomb is moving with velocity v  4iˆ  3jˆ ms
1 1. It should have low torsional constant i.e. restoring torque
per unit twist should be small.

 
in a magnetic field B  4iˆ  3jˆ Wbm . Find the force
2
2. It should have high tensile strength.
acting on the charge. 3. It should be a non­magnetic substance.
   4. It should have a low temperature coefficient of resistance.
     
Sol. F  q v  B  3  4iˆ  3jˆ  4iˆ  3jˆ  = 3 [0] = 0
5. It should be a good conductor of electricity.
 Cross product of two equal vector is zero. Example - 12
Example - 8 What is a radial magnetic field ? How has it been achieved
What is the basic principle of working of cyclotron ? Write in moving coil galvanometer ?
two uses of this machine. Sol. Radial magnetic field is that field, in which the plane of the
Sol. The working of the cyclotron is based on the fact that a coil always lies in the direction of the magnetic field. A radial
heavy positively charged particle can be accelerated to a magnetic field has been achieved by (i) properly cutting the
sufficiently high energy with the help of smaller values of magnetic pole pieces in the shape of concave faces. (ii)
oscillation electric field, by making it to cross the same using a soft iron core within the coil.
 MAGNETISM 33

Example - 13 Example - 16
Why is phosphor bronze alloy preferred for the suspension An electron and proton enter perpendicularly in a uniform
wire of a moving coil galvanometer ? magnetic field with the same speed. How many times larger
will be the radius of proton’s path than the electron’s ?
Sol. The suspension wire of phosphor bronze alloy is preferred in Proton is 1840 times heavier than electron.
moving coil galvanometer because it has several advantages:
(i) Its restoring torque per unit twist is small. Due to it, the Sol. The charged particle while moving perpendicular to magnetic
galvanometer is very sensitive. field experiences a force which provides the centripetal force
for its circular motion. The radius r of the circular path traced
(ii) It has great tensile strength so that even if it is thin, it will not
by the particle in magnetic field B, is given by Bqv = mv2/r or
break under the weight of the coil suspended from its end.
r = mv/Bq or r  m if v, B and q are constant.
(iii) It is rust resisting. Hence it remains unaffected by the weather
Since the value of charge on electron and proton is the
conditions of air in which it is suspended.
same but mass of proton is 1840 times mass of electron,
Example - 14
rp mp 1840m e
What is the main function of a soft iron core used in a hence    1840 or r = 1840 r .
re me me p e
moving coil galvanometer ?
Example - 17
Sol. (i) This makes the magnetic field radial. In such a magnetic
field the plane of the coil is always parallel to the direction Two parallel wires carrying current in the same direction
of magnetic field. Due to which the galvanometer scale attract each other while two beams of electrons travelling
becomes linear. in the same direction repel each other. Why ?

(ii) This increases the strength of magnetic field due to the

Sol. Two parallel wires carrying currents in the same direction
crowding of the magnetic lines of force through the soft
attract each other due to magnetic interaction between two
iron core, which in turn increases the sensitiveness of the
wires carrying currents because the current in a wire
galvanometer.
produces a magnetic field and the magnetic interaction is of
Example - 15 attractive nature when current is the two parallel wires is in
Define current sensitivity and voltage sensitivity of a the same direction.
galvanometer. Increase in the current sensitivity may not The two beams of electrons travelling in the same direction
necessarily increase the voltage sensitivity of a will be a source of both an electric and magnetic fields. Due
galvanometer. Justify. to magnetic interaction, there will be force of attraction
between the two moving electrons but due to electrostatic
Sol. For definition of current sensitivity and voltage sensitivity
interaction, there will be a force of repulsion between them.
refer to Art. 3(b).11.
If the beams of electrons are moving slowly, the electrostatic
Let  be the deflection produced in the galvanometer on force of repulsion between the electrons dominates the
applying voltage V, then magnetic attraction between them.
 nBA Example - 18
current sensitivity  
I k An electron beam moving with uniform velocity is
 nBA gradually diverging. When it is accelerated to a very high
voltage sensitivity   velocity, it again starts converging. Why ?
V kR
Thus, the current sensitivity can be increased by increasing,
Sol. Moving electrons, apart from electrical repulsion experience
n, B, A and by decreasing k. If n is increased, it will increase
magnetic attraction also. If the electron beam is moving
the resistance of conductor. under normal conditions, the electrical repulsive force is
The voltage sensitivity can be increased by increasing n, B, much stronger than the magnetic attraction and hence the
A and by decreasing k and R. beam diverges. When the electron beam is moving at very
Therefore, the increase in current sensitivity of galvanometer high velocity, the magnetic force of attraction becomes more
may not necessarily increase the voltage sensitivity of the effective than electrical repulsion and the beam starts
galvanometer. converging.
MAGNETISM 34

Example - 19 Example - 21
Distinguish between Biot Savart’s law and Ampere’s Two parallel coaxial circular coils of equal radius R and
circuital law. equal number of turns N carry equal currents I in the same
Sol. direction and are separated by a distance 2 R. Find the
magnitude and direction of the net magnetic field
Biot-Savart’s Law Ampere’s Circuital Law
produced at the mid­point of the line joining their centres.
1. This law is based on the This law is based on the
principle of magnetism. principle of electromagnetism. Sol. Magnetic field induction at the mid­point due to current
2. This law is valid for This law is valid for loop 1 is
asymmetrical current symmetrical current 0 2I R 2 0 I R 2
distribution. distributions. B1   , acting towards right.
4 R 2  R 2 3/ 2 2 2R 2 3/ 2
3. This law is the differential This law is the integral form    
 
form of magnetic field of B or H . Magnetic field induction at the mid point due to current
 loop 2 is
induction B or
 0 I R 2 0 I R 2
magnetising force H . B2   , acting towards right.
3/ 2 3/ 2

2 R2  R2  
2 2R 3 
Example - 20
Total magnetic field induction is
Two small circular loops, marked (1) and (2), carrying equal
currents are placed with the geometrical axes perpendicular 0 I R 2 0 I R 2 0 I R 2 0 I
to each other as shown in figure. Find the magnitude and B  B1  B2  3/ 2
 3/ 2
 3

direction of the net magnetic field produced at the point O. 
2 2R 2
 2 2R 2
 2 2R 2 2R

Example - 22
Magnetic field lines can be entirely confined within the
core of a toroid, but not within a straight solenoid. Why ?

Sol. It is so because the magnetic field idnuction outside the

toroid is zero.
Example - 23
Name the physical quantity whose unit is tesla. Hence
define a tesla.

Sol. Magnetic field induction at O due to current loop 1 is Sol. Tesla is the SI unit of magnetic field induction or magnetic
flux density at a point in the magnetic field. The magnetic
0 I R 2 field induction at a point in a magnetic field is said to be 1
B1  , acting towards left.
3/ 2 tesla if one coulomb charge while moving with a velocity of

2 x2  R2  1 m/s, perpendicular to the magnetic field experiences a force
Magnetic field induction at O due to current loop 2 is of 1 N at that point.
Example - 24
0 I R 2
B2  3/ 2 acting vertically upwards. What is meant by a magnetic field ? How is it produced ?

2 x2  R2 
Sol. A magnetic field is the space around a magnet or the space
Resultant magnetic field induction at O will be around a wire carrying current, in which its magnetic effect
can be felt.
B  B12  B22  2 B1  B1  B2 
A magnetic field may be produced in many ways. For
example, (i) by a magnet (ii) by a current carrying conductor
0I R 2 0I R 2
 2  (iii) by a moving charge (iv) by a varying electric field.
2 3/ 2 3/ 2

2 x2  R  
2 x2  R2  (displacement current)
 MAGNETISM 35

Example - 25 Example - 30
What is the potential energy of a dipole when it is State two methods to destroy the magnetism of a magnet.
perpendicular to a magnetic field ?
Sol. (i) By heating the magnet.
Sol. P.E. = –MB cos  = –MB cos 90º = zero. (ii) By applying magnetic field in the reverse direction.
Example - 26 Example - 31
What is the basic difference between magnetic and electric An electron of energy 2000 eV describes a circular path in
lines of force ? magnetic field of flux density 0.2 T. What is the radius of
the path ? Take e = 1.6 × 10–19 C, m = 9 × 10–31 kg.
Sol. Magnetic lines of force are closed, continuous curves, but
Sol. Here, energy of electron, E’ = 2000 eV
electric lines of force are discontinuous.
= 2000 × 1.6 × 10–19 J = 3.2 × 10–16 J.
Example - 27
B = 0.2 T ; r = ?
A magnetic needle free to rotate in a vertical plane, orients
itself with its axis vertical at a certain place on the earth. 1 2E '
What are the values of As, E'  mv 2  v
2 m
(a) Horizontal component of earth’s field ?
(b) angle of dip at this place. mv 2
Also, Bev 
r
Sol. H = 0 and  = 90º. The place will be magnetic pole of earth.
mv m 2E ' 2E 'm
or r  
Example - 28 Be Be m Be
Why do magnetic lines of force prefer to pass through iron
than air ? 2  3.2  1016  9 1031
  7.5  104 m
0.2  1.6  1019
Sol. This is because permeability of soft iron is much greater Example - 32
than that of air.
A long straight wire AB carries a current of 4 A. A proton P
travels at 4 × 106 ms–1 parallel to the wire, 0.2 m from it and
Example - 29 in a direction opposite to the current as shown in figure.
Define the term : magnetic dipole moment of a current loop. Calculate the force which the magnetic field of current
Write the expression for the magnetic moment when an exerts on the proton. Also specify the direction of the force.
electron revolves at a speed v around an orbit of radius r in
hydrogen atom.

Sol. A current carrying loop behaves as a system of two equal

and opposite magnetic poles separated by a distance. Hence
it behaves as a magnetic dipole. Magnetic dipole moment of
current loop is the product of current I and area A enclosed
by the loop of current, i.e. M = IA.
In a hydrogen atom, when an electron revolves at a speed v
Sol. Here, I = 4A ; v = 4 × 106 ms–1 ; a = 0.2 m.
around an orbit of radius r, the magnetic moment is given by
Magnetic field induction at P is
 eh 
M  n   0 2I 107  2  4
 4m  B   4  106 T
4 r 0.2
where e is charge on electron, m is mass of electron ; 
n denotes the number of orbit and h is Plack’s constant. The direction of B , according to Right Hand Thumb rule is
perpendicular to the plane of paper directed inwards.
 MAGNETISM 36

Since proton is moving in opposite direction to the current

E 2  104
carrying straight wire, hence the proton is moving eE  evB or v    5 106 m / s
perpendicular to the direction of magnetic field due to current B 4  103
through straight wire. The force on moving proton of charge When electron moves perpendicular to magnetic field, the
q due to magnetic field is radius r of circular path traced by electron is
F = qvB sin 90º = (1.6 × 10–19) × (4 × 106) × (4 × 10–6)
= 2.56 × 10–18 N
r
mv


9.1 1031  5 106   
 7.11 103 m  7.11 mm
The direction of force on proton, according to Fleming’s eB 
1.6  1019  4  103 
Left Hand Rule acts in the plane of paper towards right.

Example - 33 Example - 35
Figure shows a rectangular current­carrying loop placed
A cyclotron oscillator frequency is 10 M Hz. What should be
2 cm away from a long, straight, current carrying conductor.
the operating magnetic field for accelerating ­particle ? If
What is the direction and magnitude of the net force acting
the radius of the dees is 50 cm, what is the kinetic energy in
on the loop ?
MeV of the ­particle beam produced by the accelerator?
(e = 1.6 × 10–19 C ; m = 4.0028 a.m.u. ; 1 a.m.u. = 1.66 × 10–27 kg)

Sol. Here, v = 10 MHz = 107 Hz ; r0 = 50 cm = 0.50 m ; B = ?

m = 4.0028 × 1.66 × 10–27 kg = 6.645 × 10–27 kg,
q = 2 e = 2 × 1.6 × 10–19 = 3.2 × 10–19 C.

Bq
As, v
2m

2m v
or B
q

22 6.645 10 27  107

 2   1.305 T
7 3.2 10 19 Sol. Here, I1 = 15 A ; I2 = 25 A ;
Maximum kinetic energy is r1 = 2 × 10–2 m ; r2 = (2 + 10) × 10–2 m
2

E max  
2

B2 q 2 r 2 1.305  3.2 10
19

  0.50 
J
2
Force on BC, F1 
 0 2I1I 2
 length BC
4 r1
2m 
2  6.645  1027 
2  15  25
2 2
1.305   3.2  1038  0.25  107  
 25  102 
 MeV  20.5 MeV  2  102 
2  6.645  1027  1.6  1013
= 9.375 × 10–4 N (repulsive, away from XY)
Example - 34
An electron beam passes through a magnetic field of 4 × 10–3 0 2I1I 2
weber/m2 and an electric field of 2 × 104 Vm–1, both acting Force on DA, F2   length DA
4 r2
simultaneously. The path of electron remaining undeviated,
calculate the speed of the electrons. If the electric field is 2  15  25
removed, what will be the radius of the electron path ?  107  2
 25 10 2
 2  10  10
Sol. Here, B = 4 × 10–3 weber/m2 ; E = 2 × 104 V/m.
= 1.5625 × 10–4 N (attractive towards XY)
As the path of moving electron is undeviated, so force on
Net force on the loop F = F1 – F2 = (0.375 – 1.5625) × 10–4
moving electron due to electric field is equal and opposite
to the force on moving electron due to magnetic field i.e. = 7.8175 × 10–4 N (respulsive, away from XY)
 MAGNETISM 37

Example - 36   
(iii)   M  B  MBsin  where  is the angle between M
A long straight conductor PQ, carrying a current of 60 A, is 
 
fixed horizontally. Another long conductor XY is kept and B or between A and B .
parallel to PQ at a distance of 4 mm, in air. Conductor XY is Initially,  = 0º,  = MB sin 0º = 0.
free to move and carries a current I. Calculate the magnitude
Finally,  = 90º,  = MB sin 90º = MB = 10 × 2 = 20 Nm.
and direction of current I for which the magnetic repulsion
just balances the weight of conductor XY. (Mass per unit d d d d
(iv)   I  I  I   I    MBsin 
lengths for conductor XY is 10–2 kg/m). dt d dt d
 Id  MBsin d .
Integrating it within the given conditions,
 /2


I d    MBsin  d
0 0

Sol. Here, I1 = 60 A ; I2 = I A, r = 4 mm = 4 × 10–3 m ; 2 / 2   

I  MB   cos  0   MB  cos  cos 0º   MB
Mass per unit length of conductor XY, m = 10–2 kg/m. 2  2 
As magnetic repulsion is balancing the weight of conductor 1/ 2 1/ 2
 2MB   2  20 
XY or      20 rad / s.
 I   0.1 
0 2I1I2 107  2  60  I Second Method for (iv)
so,  mg or 3
 102  9.8
4 r 4 10 Change in KE of rotation = work done in rotation

4  105  9.8 1 2
or I  32.67 A I  MB  cos 1  cos 2  where
2  107  60 2
The current in XY must flow opposite to that in PQ, because
1  0º ; 2  90º , I  0.1 kg m 2 ; MB  20 Nm
only then the force will be repulsive.
1/ 2
Example - 37  2MB  cos 1  cos 2  
  
A 100 turn closely wound circular coil of radius 10 cm  I 
carries a current of 3.2 A. (i) What is the field at the centre of
1/ 2
the coil ? (ii) What is the magnetic moment of this  2  20   cos0º  cos90º  
arrangement ? The coil is placed in a vertical plane and is    20 rad / s
 0.1 
free to rotate about a horizontal axis which coincides with
its diameter. A uniform magnetic field of 2 T in the horizontal Example - 38
direction exists such that initially the axis of the coil is in
A circular coil of 100 turns, radius 10 cm carries a current of
the direction of the field. The coil rotates through an angle 5 A. It is suspended vertically in a uniform horizontal
of 90º under the influence of the magnetic field. (iii) What
magnetic field of 0.5 T, the field lines making an angle of
are the magnitudes of the torques on the coil in the initial
60º with the plane of coil. Calculate the magnitude of the
and final position ? (iv) What is the angular speed acquired torque that must be applied on it to prevent it from turning.
by the coil when it has rotated by 90º ? The moment of
inertia of the coil is 0.1 kg m2. Sol. Here, n = 100 ; I = 5 A ; B = 0.5 T ;  = 90º – 60º = 30º ; r = 10
cm = 0.10 m ;
Sol. (i) Here, n = 100, r = 0.10 m, i = 3.2 A, B = 2 T, I = 0.1 kg m2
22 2
 2ni 22 100  3.2 A  r 2    0.10  m 2
B 0  107  2    2  103 T 7
4 r 7 0.10
22
Torque,  = nIBA sin  = 100 × 5 × 0.5 × × (0.10)2 × sin 30º
 22  2 7
(ii) M = niA = nir2 = 100   3.2       0.10   10 Am 2 = 3.927 N­m
 7 
MAGNETISM 38

Example - 39 Vs  Vs'
Compare the current sensitivity and voltage sensitivity of  % decrease in voltage sensitivity  100
Vs
the following moving coil galvanometers :
Meter A : n = 30, A = 1.5 × 10–3 m2, B = 0.25 T, R = 20  3
Vs  Vs
 5 100  40%
Meter B : n = 35, A = 2.0 × 10–3 m2, B = 0.25 T, R = 30  Vs
You are given that the springs in the two metres have the
Example - 41
same torsional constants.
A galvanometer having 30 divisions has a current
Sol. For metre A, n1 = 30, A1 = 1.5 × 10–3 m2, B1 = 0.25 T, R1 = 20 . sensitivity of 20 A/division. It has a resistance of 25 .
For metre B, n2 = 35, A2 = 2.0 × 10–3 m2, B2 = 0.25 T, R2 = 30 . How will you convert it into an ammeter upto 1 ampere ?
How will you convert this ammeter into a voltmeter up to 1
nBA volt ?
Current sensitivity of a meter 
k

Current sensitivity of meter A Sol. Current sensitivity = 20 A/div. = 20 × 10–6 A/div.

 Current sensitivity of meter B Current for full scale deflection, ig = 20 × 10–6 × 30
= 6 × 10–4 A
nBA k2 nBA
 1 1 1  1 1 1
n 2 B2 A 2 n 2 B2 A 2  k1  k 2 
For converting galvanometer into ammeter the shunt required
k1
Ig 6  104  25
30  0.25  1.5  103 45 9 S .G   0.1050 
   I  Ig 1  6  104
35  0.25  2.0  103 70 14

nBA Resistance of ammeter formed,

Now, voltage sensitivity of a meter 
kR GS 0.015  25
G'    0.015 
Voltage sensitivity of meter A G  S 25  0.015
 Voltage sensitivity of meter B Conversion of ammeter into voltmeter
Here, Ig = 1 ampere, V = 1 volt, G’ = 0.015 
n1B1A1 k R nBAR
  2 2  1 1 1 2
k1R1 n 2 B2 A 2 n 2 B2 A 2 R1 Resistance to be used in series,

V 1
30  0.25  1.5  103  30 9 30 27 R  G '   0.015  0.985 
    Ig 1
35  0.25  2.0  103  20 14 20 28
Example - 42
Example - 40
A resistance of 1980  is connected in series with a
The current sensitivity of a moving coil galvanometer
increases by 20% when its resistance is increased by a factor voltmeter, after which the scale division becomes 100 times
2. Calculate by what factor the voltage sensitivity changes. larger. Find the resistance of voltmeter.

Sol. Let R be the resistance of voltmeter. Let n be the number of

20 120 divisions in the voltmeter. The voltage recorded by each
Sol. Given, Is'  Is  Is  Is ; R '  2R
100 100 division of voltmeter when current ig flows through it is
ig R/n = V ...(i)
I
Then, initial voltage sensitivity, Vs  s when resistance is connected in series of voltmeter then
R
ig (R + 1980)/n = 100 V ...(ii)
New voltage sensitivity,
Dividing (ii) by (i), we get
I'  120  1 3 R + 1980 = 100 R
Vs'  s   Is    Vs
R '  100  2R 5
or R = 1980/99 = 20 
 MAGNETISM 39

Example - 43 Example - 46
43. A magnetised steel wire 31.4 cm long has a pole strength of In the magnetic meridian of a certain place, the horizontal
0.2 Am. It is then bent in the form of a semicircle. Calculate component of the earth’s magnetic field is 0.26 G and dip
magnetic moment of the needle. angle is 60º. What is the magnetic field of earth at this
location ?
Sol. Here, L = 31.4 cm. m = 0.2 Am, M = ? Sol. Here, H = 0.26 G,  = 60º, R = ?
When the wire is bent in the form of a semicircle of radius r, As H = R cos 
then L = r = 3.14 r
H 0.26 0.26
L 31.4  R    0.52 G
r   10 cm cos  cos 60º 1/ 2 
3.14 3.14
Example - 47
Distance between the two ends of wire,
2 = 2r = 20 cm = 0.2 m A magnetic needle has magnetic moment of 6.7 × 10–2 Am2
and moment of inertia of 7.5 × 10–6 kg m2. It performs 10
M = m × 2 = 0.2 × 0.2 = 0.04 Am2 complete oscillations in 6.70 s. What is the magnitude of
Example - 44 the magnetic field ?
A magnetised needle of magnetic moment 4.8 × 10–2 J T–1 is Sol. Here, M = 6.7 × 10–2 Am2, I = 7.5 × 10–6 kg m2
placed at 30º with the direction of uniform magnetic field of
magnitude 3 × 10–2 T. What is the torque acting on the 6.70
needle ? Time for one oscillation, T   0.67 s ; B  ?
10

Sol. Here, M = 4.8 × 10–2 J T–1 ;  = 30º ; B = 3 × 10–2 T I 4 2 I

From T*  2 ;B
torque,  = ? MB MT 2
As  = MB sin 
2
  = 4.8 × 10–2 × 3 × 10–2 sin 30º 4   22 / 7   7.5  106
 2
 0.01 T
–4
= 7.2 × 10 N­m 6.7  102  0.67 

Example - 45 Example - 48
A ship is to reach a place 10º south of west. In what The core of a toroid having 3000 turns has inner and outer
direction should it be steered if declination at the place is radii 11 cm and 12 cm respectively. Calculate relative
17º west ? permeability of its core, given that a current of 0.7 amp.
produces a magnetic field of intensity 2.5 T in the core.
Sol. As the ship is to reach a place 10º south of west i.e. along
OA, figure, therefore, it should be steered west of (magnetic) Sol. Here, total number of turns = 3000
north at an angle of (90 – 17 + 10) = 83º.
11  12
Average radius, r   11.5 cm
2
= 11.5 × 10–2 m ; i = 0.7 amp. and B = 2.5 T
No. of turns/length,

3000 3000 3  105

n  
2r 2 11.5 10 2 23

As B=ni
B = 0 r n i

B 2.5  23
 r    684.5
0 ni 4107  3  105  0.7
 MAGNETISM 40

Example - 49 (a) 2iBL directed along the negative Z­axis

–5
The susceptibility of magnesium at 300 K is 1.2 × 10 . (b) 5iBL directed along the positive Z­axis
At what temperature will the susceptibility be equal to
(c) iBL direction along the positive Z­axis
1.44 × 10–5 ?
(d) 2iBL directed along the positive Z­axis

C m T ' Sol : (c)

Sol. As  m  T  '  T
m As PQ and UT are parallel to Q, therefore FPQ = FUT = 0

m 1.2 10 5 The current in TS and RQ are in mutually opposite direction.

or T'  '
T   300  250 K Hence, FTS – FRQ = 0
m 1.44 10 5
Therefore the force will act only on the segment SR whose
Example - 50 value is Bil and it’s direction is +z.
A solenoid has a core of a material with relative permeability
Example - 52
400. The windings of the solenoid are insulated from the
core and carry a current of 2 A. If the number of turns is An electron moves straight inside a charged parallel plate
1000 per metre, calculate (i) H (ii) B (iii) Intensity of capacitor at uniform charge density . The space between
magnetisation I, and the magnetising current. the plates is filled with constant magnetic field of induction

B . Time of straight line motion of the electron in the
Sol. Here, r = 400, I’ = 2A, n = 1000 per metre
capacitor is
(i) H = nI’ = 1000 × 2 = 2 × 103 Am–1
(ii) B = H = 0 r H = 4× 10–7 × 400 (2 × 103) = 1.0 T
(iii) From B = 0 (H + I), where I is intensity of magnetisation, × × × × × × ×
× – × × × × × ×
e
B 1.0 × × × × × × ×
I H   2  103
0 4 107 × × × × × × ×

= 7.95 × 105 – 0.02 × 105 = 7.93 × 105 Am–1.

(iv) The magnetising current Im is the additional current that
needs to be passed through the windings of the solenoid in e  0 B
the absence of the core, which would produce a B value as (a)  B (b)
0 
in the presence of the core. Thus,
B = 0 n (I’ + Im) e 0B
–7 (c)  B (d) e 
1.0 = 4 × 10 × 1000 (2 + Im) 0

1.0 Sol. (b)

Im   2  796  2  794 A
410 4
The net force acting on the electron is zero because it moves
Example - 51 with constant velocity, due to it’s motion on straight line.
A conductor PQRSTU, each side of length L, bent as shown     
 Fnet  Fe  Fm  0  | Fe |  | Fm |
in the figure, carries a current i and is placed in a uniform
magnetic induction B directed parallel to the positive Y­axis.  eE = evB
The force experience by the wire and its direction are
E   
R  ve   E  
Z B B 0 B   0
i
S Q P   0 B
Y  The time of motion inside the capacitor . t   .
v 
T U
X
 MAGNETISM 41

Example - 53 Sol. (d)

A proton of mass m and charge +e is moving in a circular N
orbit of a magnetic field with energy 1MeV. What should B = 0ni; where n 
2R
be the energy of -particle (mass = 4 m and charge = +2e),
so that it can revolve in the path of same radius 500
 B  4  10  7   0.5  5  10  4 T.
(a) 1 MeV (b) 4 MeV 2   0 .1
(c) 2 MeV (d) 0.5 MeV
Example - 56
Sol. (a) Figure shows a square loop ABCD with edge length a.
The resistance of the wire ABC is r and that of ADC is 2r.
2 mK
By using r  ; r  same, B  same The value of magnetic field at the centre of the loop
qB
assuming uniform wire is
q2 B
 K
m
2 2
K  q  m p  2q p  m
Hence          p 1= 1
K p  q p  m   q p  4m p
 A C
 K = Kp = 1meV. O
i

Example - 54
For the solenoid shown in figure. The magnetic field at
point P is D
n turn
2  0i 2  0i
(a) (b) 
30° 60° 3 a 3 a
P
2  0i 2  0i
(c) (d) 
 0 ni a a
(a)
4
 3  1 (b)
3  0 ni
4
Sol. (b)
 0 ni  0 ni
(c)
2
 3  1 (d)
4
 3  1 According to question resistance of wire ADC is twice that
of wire ABC. Hence current flows through ADC is half
Sol. (a)
i2 1
that of ABC i.e.  . Also i1 + i2 = 1
0 i1 2
B . 2 ni sin   sin  .
4
2i i
From figure  = (90o – 30o) = 60o and  = (90o – 60o) = 30o  i1  and i 2 
3 3
 0 ni
 B sin 60  sin 30   0 ni  3  1. Magnetic field at centre O due to wire AB and BC
2 4
 0 2i1 sin 45
Example - 55 (part 1 & 2) B1  . 
4 /2
The average radius of a toroid made on a ring of non­
magnetic material is 0.1 m and it has 500 turns. If it carries  0 2 2 i1 and magnetic field at centre O due to wires
 . 
0.5 ampere current, then the magnetic field produced along 4 
its circular axis inside the toroid will be AD and DC
(a) 25 × 10–2 Tesla (b) 5 × 10–2 Tesla
0 2 2 i2
–4
(c) 25 × 10 Tesla –4
(d) 5 × 10 Tesla (i.e. part 3 and 4) B3  B 4 
4 
MAGNETISM 42

Also i1 = 2i2. So (B1 = B2) > (B3 = B4) Square coil

i
Hence net magnetic field at centre O
i
Bnet = (B1 + B2) – (B3 + B4)
45°
O
45°

B i

a/2
(1) (2)
Length L = 4a
i1
A C
O 0 2 2 i 0 8 2 i
B . B net  4B  .
i i2 4 a 4 a
(3) (4) Bcircular 2
Hence B 
square 8 2
D
Example - 58
What is the net force on the coil
2  i
2 2  i 2 2  2 10 cm
  3   0 . 3
 2 0 . 2A
4 a 4 a 1A
15 cm
2 cm
0 4 2 i
 . 2  1   2  0i 
4 3 a 3a
(a) 25 × 10–7 N moving towards wire
Example - 57 (b) 25 × 10–7 N moving away from wire
The ratio of the magnetic field at the centre of a current (c) 35 × 10–7 N moving towards wire
carrying circular wire and the magnetic field at the centre
(d) 35 × 10–7 N moving away from wire
of a square coil made from the same length of wire will be
Sol. (a)
2 2
(a) (b) Force on sides BC and CD cancel each other.
4 2 8 2
Force on side AB
 
(c) (d) 2  2 1
2 2 4 2 FAB  10 7   15  10  2  3  10 6 N
2  10  2
Sol. (b) Force on side CD
Circular coil
2  2 1
i FAB  10 7   15  10  2  0.5  10  6 N
12  10  2

r
B 10 cm C
2A 1A 15 cm
FAB FCD
i 2 cm
Length L = 2 r A D
Hence net force on loop = FAB – FCD = 25  10–7 N (towards
 2i 0 42i
Magnetic field B  0 .  . the wire).
4 r 4 r
 MAGNETISM 43

EXERCISE - 1 : BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Magnetic Field due to point charge 6. Equal current I flows in two segments of a circular loop in
the direction shown in figure
1. A moving charge will produce
(a) no field (b) an electric field
(c) a magnetic field (d) both ‘b’ and ‘c’
Magnetic Field due to Current

2. An element d   dxiˆ (where dx = 1 cm) is placed at the
origin and carries a large current I = 10A. What is the
magnetic field on the y­axis at a distance of 0.5 m ?

ˆ
(a) 2 108 kT ˆ
(b) 4 108 kT Radius of the loop is r. The magnitude of magnetic field
induction at the centre of the loop is
ˆ
(c) 2  108 kT ˆ
(d) 4  108 kT
 0 i
Right hand rule (a) zero (b)
4r
3. A current carrying power line carries current from west to
east. The direction of magnetic field 1m above the power 0 i 0 i
line will be
(c)     (d)  2   
2 r 2 r
(a) east to west (b) west to east 7. Ratio of magnetic field at the centre of a current carrying
(c) south to north (d) north to south coil of radius R and a distance 3R on its axis is
Current loop (a) 10 10 (b) 20 10
4. A circular coil A of radius r carries current I. Another circular
coil B of radius 2r carries current of I. The magnetic fields at (c) 30 10 (d) 5 10
the centres of the circular coils are in the ratio of 8. Three rings each having equal radius R are placed mutually
(a) 3 : 1 (b) 4 : 1 perpendicular to each other and each having centre at the
(c) 1 : 1 (d) 2 : 1 origin of coordinate axes system .If current I is flowing
through each ring then the magnitude of the magnetic field
5. A circular conducting ring of radius R is connected to two
at the common centre is
exterior straight wires ending at two ends of a diameter.
The current I split into unequal portions while passing z axis
through the ring as shown. What is magnetic field induction
at the centre of the ring?

I/4 x axis
O
I R I
y axis
3I/4

0 I 0 I (a)
30 I
(b)
 
3  1 0 I
(a) (b) 2R 2R
4R 8R

(c)
0 I
(d) zero (c)
 
3  2 0 I
(d)
 
2  1 0 I
3R 2R 2R
 MAGNETISM 44

9. A coil of 50 turns and 10 cm diameter has resistance of 10 14. The magnetic flux density B at a distance r from a long
ohm. What must be potential difference across the coil straight rod carrying a steady current varies with r as shown
so as to nullify the earth’s magnetic field B = 0.314 G at in figure
the centre of the coil.
B B
(a) 0.5 volt (b) 1.0 volt
(c) 1.5 volt (d) 2.5 volt
Straight Current Wire
10. Two very long straight parallel wires carry currents I and 2I (a) (b)
in opposite directions. The distance between the wires is r.
At a certain instant of time a point charge q is at a point O r O r
equidistant from the two wires in the plane of the wires. Its
instantaneous velocity v is perpendicular to this plane. B B
The magnitude of the force due to the magnetic field acting
on the charge at this instant is

30 Iqv (c) (d)

(a) zero (b)
2 r

 0 Iqv  0 Iqv O r O r
(c) (d)
 r 2 r
15. A current of i ampere flows along an infinitely long straight
11. The magnetic field at the point of intersection of the thin walled tube, then the magnetic induction at any point
diagonals of a square loop of side length L carrying current inside the tube is
I is
(a) infinite (b) zero
2 2 0 I 2 0 I
(a) (b) 0 2i 0i0
L L (c)  tesla  (d)  tesla
4r 2r

2 0 I 4 2 0 I Solenoid
(c) (d)
L L 16. A solenoid of 1.5 metre length and 4.0 cm diameter possesses
12. A current I flowing through the sides of an equilateral 10 turn per cm. A current of 5 ampere is flowing through it.
triangle of side a. The magnitude of the magnetic field at The magnetic induction at axis inside the solenoid is
the centroid of the triangle is (a) 2 × 10–3 tesla (b) 2 × 10–5 tesla

2 0 I 3 3 0 I (c) 2 × 10–2 gauss (d) 2× 10–5 gauss

(a) (b)
a 2a 17. At the mid point along the length of a long solenoid, the
magnetic field is equal to B. If the length of solenoid is
90 I 2 2 0 I doubled and the current is reduced to half, the magnetic
(c) (d)
2a 2a field at the new mid point will nearest to
Inside and outside wire (a) 2B (b) B
13. A long, straight, solid metal wire of radius 2 mm carries a (c) B/4 (d) B/2
current uniformly distributed over its circular cross­section.
18. A long solenoid is formed by winding 20 turns/cm. The
The magnetic field induction at a distance 2 mm from its axis
current necessary to produce a magnetic field of 20 milli
is B. Then the magnetic field induction at distance 1 mm
from axis will be tesla inside the solenoid will be aproximately

(a) B (b) B/2 (a) 1.0 A (b) 2.0 A

(c) 2B (d) 4B (c) 4.0 A (d) 8.0 A
 MAGNETISM 45

19. A long solenoid has 800 turns per metre length of solenoid. 
25. A uniform magnetic field B  B0ˆj exists in space. A particle
A current of 1.6 A flows through it. The magnetic induction
at the end of the solenoid on its axis is of mass m and charge q is projected towards x­axis with
speed v from a point (a, 0, 0). The maximum value of v for
(a) 16 × 10–4 tesla (b) 8 × 10–4 tesla which the particle does not hit the y­z plane is
(c) 32 × 10–4 tesla (d) 4 × 10–4 tesla
Bqa Bqa
20. A toroidal solenoid has 3000 turns and a mean radius of (a) (b)
m 2m
10 cm. It has soft iron core of relative permeability 2000.
What is the magnitude of magnetic field in the core when Bq Bq
a current of 1 A is passed through the solenoid. (c) (d)
am 2am
(a) 1.2 T (b) 12 T 26. A charge +q is moving upwards vertically. It enters a
(c) 5.6 T (d) 4.5 T magnetic field directed to the north. The force on the charged
Magnetic field will be towards
21. A magnetic field (a) north (b) south
(a) always exerts a force on a charged particle (c) west (d) east
(b) never exerts a force on a charged particle 27. An electron has a circular path of radius 0.01 m in a
perpendicular magnetic induction 10–3 T. The speed of the
(c) exerts a force, if the charged particle is moving across
electron is nearly
the magnetic field lines
(a) 1.76 × 104 m/s (b) 1.76 × 106 m/s
(d) exerts a force, if the charged particle is moving along the
magnetic field lines (c) 3.52 × 106 m/s (d) 7.04 × 106 m/s
Motion Circular 28. A charged particle enters a uniform magnetic field with
velocity vector at an angle of 45º with the magnetic field. The
22. Imagine that you are seated in a room and there is a uniform
pitch of the helical path is p. The radius of the helix will be
magnetic field pointing vertically downwards. At the center
of the room, an electron is projected horizontally with a p p
certain speed. Discuss the speed and the path of the electron (a) (b)
 2
in this field.
(a) electron moves in anticlockwise path p
(c) 2p (d)
(b) electron moves in clockwise path 2 
(c) electron moves left wards 29. A deutron of kinetic energy 50 keV is describing a circular
(d) electron moves right wards orbit of radius 0.5 metre in a plane perpendicular to magnetic

23. A charged particle moving in a uniform magnetic field field B . The kinetic energy of the proton that describes a
penetrates a layer of lead and thereby loses one half of its circular orbit of radius 0.5 metre in the same plane with the
kinetic energy. How does the radius of curvature of its path 
same B is
change ?
(a) 200 keV (b) 100 keV
(a) The radius increases to r 2
(c) 50 keV (d) 25 keV
(b) The radius reduces to r / 2 Lorentz force
(c) The radius remains the same 30. An electron and a proton travel with equal speed in the
same direction at 90º to a uniform magnetic field as this is
(d) The radius becomes r/2
switched on. They experience forces which are initially
24. If a charged particle is describing a circle of radius r in a
magnetic field with a time period T, then (a) identical
(b) equal but in opposite direction
(a) T 2  r 3 (b) T 2  r
(c) in the same direction but differing by a factor of about 1840
(c) T  r 2 (d) T  r 0 (d) in opposite direction and differing by a factor of about 1840
 MAGNETISM 46

31. The mass of a proton is 1840 times that of electron. If an Force on straight current wire
electron and a proton are injected in a uniform electric field 36. The current in wire is directed towards east and the wire is
at right angle to the direction of the field, with the same placed in magnetic field directed towards north. The force
kinetic energy, then on the wire is
(a) the proton trajectory will be less curved than that of (a) vertically upwards (b) vertically downwards
electron
(c) due south (d) due east
(b) both the trajectories will be straight
37. A current of 3 A is flowing in a linear conductor having a
(c) both the trajectories will be equally curved length of 40 cm. The conductor is placed in a magnetic field
(d) the electron trajectory will be less curved than that of of strength 500 gauss and makes an angle of 30° with the
proton direction of the field. It experiences a force of magnitude
32. An electron is moving along positive x axis. A uniform (a) 3 × 10–4 N (b) 3 × 10–2 N
electric field exists towards negative y axis. What should (c) 3 × 102 N (d) 3 × 104 N
be the directions of the magnetic field of suitable
38. A charged particle is whirled in a horizontal circle on a
magnitude so that net force on the electron is zero?
frictionless table by attaching it to a string fixed at one
(a) positive y axis (b) positive z axis point. If the magnetic field is switched on in the vertical
(c) negative z axis (d) negative y axis. direction the tension in the string

Parallel Fields (a) will increase

33. A uniform electric field and a uniform magnetic field are (b) will decrease
pointed in the same direction. If an electron is projected in (c) may increase or decrease
the same direction, the electron (d) will remain unchanged
(a) velocity will increase in magnitude 39. A current of 10 ampere is flowing in a wire of length 1.5
(b) velocity will decrease in magnitude metre. A force of 15 newtons acts on it when it is placed in a
(c) will turn to its left uniform magnetic field of 2 tesla. The angle between the
magnetic field and the direction of the current is
(d) will turn to its right
(a) 30° (b) 45°
Under uniform magnetic field
(c) 60° (d) 90°
34. A metal wire of mass m slides without friction on two rails
40. A current I1 carrying wire AB is placed near an another long
placed at a distance  apart. The track lies in a uniform vertical
wire CD carrying current I2. Figure. If free to move, wire AB
magnetic field B. A constant current I flows along the rails
will have
across the wire and back down the other rail. The acceleration
of the wire is

BmI
(a) (b) mBI


BI mI
(c) (d)
m B
35. A straight horizontal wire of mass 10 mg and length 1 m
carries a current of 2 ampere .What minimum magnetic field
B should be applied in the region so that the magnetic (a) rotational motion only
force on the wire may balance its weight. (b) translational motion only
(a) 2.45 × 10­4 T (b) 4.9 × 10­4 T (c) rotational as well as translational motion
(c) 4.9 × 10­5 T (d) 9.8 × 10­4 T (d) neither rotational nor translational motion
 MAGNETISM 47

Torque on Current loop 46. A current of 2 ampere is passed in a coil of radius 0.5 m and
41. Four wire loops each of length 2.0 metres are bent into four number of turns 20. The magnetic moment of the coil is
loops P, Q, R and S and then suspended in a uniform (a) 0.314Am2 (b) 3.14 A–m2
magnetic field. Same current is passed in each loop. Which (c) 314 A–m2 (d) 31.4 A–m2
statement is correct ?
47. The area of cross­section of three magnets of same length
are A, 2A and 6A respectively. The ratio of their magnetic
moments will be
(a) 6 : 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 2 : 6
(c) 1 : 4 : 36 (d) 36 : 4 : 1
48. Magnetic field at the centre of the circular loop of area A
is B. Then the magnetic moment of the loop will be
(a) Couple on loop P will be the highest
(b) Couple on loop Q will be the highest BA A BA A
(a) 0 (b) 0
(c) Couple on loop R will be the highest 2 
(d) Couple on loop S will be the highest
42. A circular loop of area 1 cm2 carrying a current of 10 ampere 2BA A
(c)  (d) none of these
is placed in a magnetic field of 0.1 T perpendicular to plane 0 
of the loop.The torque on the loop due to magnetic field is
49. A magnetic needle has magnetic moment of 6.7×10­2 A.m2
(a) 10­4 N.m (b) 10­2 N.m
and moment of inertia 7.5 × 10­6 kgm2.It performs 10 com­
(c) 10 N.m (d) zero plete oscillations in 6.7 seconds .What is the magnitude of
43. A wire of length  in formed into a circular loop of one turn the magnetic field.
only and is suspended in a magnetic field B. When a current (a) 0.01 T (b) 0.2 T
I is passed through the loop, the torque experienced by it is (c) 0.5 T (d) 0.9T
2
(a) (1/4)BI (b) (1/4) IB Current Sensitivity, Voltage
2
(c) (1/4)B I (d) (1/4)BI2 50. The sensitivity of a galvanometer does not depend upon
44. A conducting ring of mass 2 kg and radius of 0.5 m is placed (a) a very strong magnetic field in the permanent magnet
on a smooth horizontal plane .The ring carries a current of
4 A. A horizontal magnetic field B=10 T is switched on at (b) the current it measures
t=0 as shown in diagram. What is initial angular acceleration (c) a very thin, weak suspension
of the ring ?
(d) a large number of turns in the coil
I Between Parallel Currents
51. The forces existing between two parallel current carrying
R
B conductors is F. If the current in each conductor is doubled,
then the value of force will be
(a) 2F (b) 4F
(c) 5F (d) F/2
(a) 40π rad/s (b) 20π rad/s 52. Two parallel wires carry currents of 20 A and 40 A in opposite
(c) 10 π rad/s (d) zero directions. Another wire carrying current of 20 A and anti­
Magnetic moment parallel to 20A is placed midway between the two wires
.The magnetic force on this wire will be
45. A wire of length L metre carrying a current I ampere is bent
in the form of a circle. Its magnitude of magnetic moment (a) towards 20 A
will be (b) towards 40 A
(a) IL/4 (b) I2L2/4 (c) perpendicular to plane of wires
(c) I2L/8 (d) IL2/4 (d) zero
 MAGNETISM 48

53. Through two parallel wires A and B, 10A and 2A of currents Magnetic Moment
are passed respectively in opposite directions. If the wire A 59. A steel wire of length  has a magnetic moment M. It is bent
is infinitely long and the length of the wire B is 2m, then into L shape from the middle. The new magnetic moment is
force on the conductor B, which is situated at 10 cm distance
from A, will be (a) M (b) M / 2

(a) 8 × 10–7 N (b) 8 × 10–5 N (c) M/2 (d) 2M

–7 –5
(c) 4 × 10 N (d) 4 × 10 N Magnetic Field
54. If a current is passed in a spring, it 60. A bar magnet of length 3 cm has a point A and B along axis
(a) gets compressed at a distance of 24 cm and 48 cm on the opposite ends. Ratio
(b) gets expanded of magnetic fields at these points will be

(c) oscillates
(d) remains unchanged
55. Choose the correct statement. There will be no force
(a) 8 (b) 3
experienced if
(a) Two parallel wires carry current in same direction (c) 4 (d) 1/ 2 2

(b) A positive charge is projected along the axis of the 61. A short bar magnet of length 4 cm has a magnetic moment
solenoid 1
of 4JT .What is the magnitude of the magnetic field at a
(c) A positive charge is projected between the pole pieces
distance 2 m from the centre of the magnet on its equatorial
of a bar magnet
line.
(d) Two protons move parallel to each other with same
speed (a) 2  105 T (b) 5 × 10–8 T

Conversion (c) 1.2  107 T (d) 3.4  105 T

56. The deflection in a galvanometer falls from 50 division to
62. What is the magnetic field due to a dipole of magnetic
20 when a 12 ohm shunt is applied. The galvanometer
moment 1.2Am2 at a point 1 m away from it .The observation
resistance is
point is in a direction making an angle of 60o with the
(a) 18 ohms (b) 36 ohms dipole axis.
(c) 24 ohms (d) 30 ohms (a) 1.6 × 10–7 T (b) 1.2 × 10–6 T
57. A galvanometer of resistance 100  gives a full scale (c) 1.2 × 10–4 T (d) 1.73 × 10–5 T
deflection for a current of 10–5 A. To convert it into a ammeter
63. Two identical dipoles each of magnetic moment 1 A m2 are
capable of measuring upto 1 A, we should connect a
placed at a separation of 2 m with their axes perpendicular
resistance of
to each other. What is the magnetic field at a point midway
(a) 1 in parallel between the dipoles ?
(b) 10–3  in parallel
(c) 105  in series
(d) 100  in series 2m M2
M1
58. We have a galvanometer of resistance 25 . It is shunted by
a 2.5  wire. The part of total current I0 that flows through
the galvanometer is given as (a) 1.2×10­4T (b) 3.1×10­3T
(a) (I/I0) = (1/11) (b) (I/I0) = (1/10)
(c) 7.6×10­5T (d) 5×10­7 T
(c) (I/I0) = (1/9) (d) (I/I0) = (2/11)
 MAGNETISM 49

64. Of the following figure, the lines of magnetic induction due 69. The angles of dip at the poles and the equator respectively are
to a magnet SN, are given by (a) 30°, 60° (b) 90°, 0°
(c) 30°, 90° (d) 0°, 0°
70. At a certain place, the horizontal component of the earth’s
magnetic field is B0 and the angle of dip is 45°. The total
intensity of the field at that place will be
(1) (2)
(a) B0 (b) 2 B0

(c) 2B0 (d) B02

71. At a certain place on earth, a magnetic needle is placed

along the magnetic meridian at an angle of 60° to the
horizontal. If the horizontal component of the magnetic
field at the place is found to be 2  105 T . What is the
magnitude of total earth’s field at that place.
(3) (4)
(a) 2  104 T (b) 4  105 T

(c) 105 T (d) 3  10 5 T

72. Agonic line is that curve at which
(a) 1 (b) 2 (a) total intensity of earth ‘s magnetic field is same
(c) 3 (d) 4 (b) the angle of dip is same
65. A thin rectangular bar magnet suspended freely has period (c) angle of declination is same
of oscillation of 4 seconds. What will be period of oscillation
(d) magnetic declination is zero
if the magnet is broken into two halves; each having length
half of original; and one piece is made to oscillate in the 73. The magnetic lines of force due to horizontal component of
same field. earth’s magnetic field will be
(a) 2 s (b) 3 s (a) elliptical
(c) 1 s (d) 4 s (b) circular
Earth Magnetism (c) horizontal and parallel
66. The total intensity of the Earth’s magnetic field at equator is (d) curved
5 units. What is its value at the poles ? 74. The magnetic induction along the axis of an air cored
(a) 5 (b) 4 solenoid is 0.03 T. On placing an iron core inside the
(c) 3 (d) 2 solenoid the magnetic induction becomes 1.5T .The relative
permeability of iron core will be
67. At a certain place, horizontal component of Earth’s field is
(a) 12 (b) 40
3 times the vertical component. The angle of dip at this
(c) 50 (d) 300
place is
Magnetizing Field Intensity
(a) 0 (b) /3
75. An iron rod of length 20 cm and diameter 1 cm is placed
(c) /6 (d) none of the above
inside a solenoid on which the number of turns is 600. The
68. In a magnetic meridian of a certain place, horizontal compo­ relative permeability of the rod is 1000. If a current of 0.5 A is
nent of earth’s field is 0.25G and the angle of dip is 60o.What placed in the solenoid, then the magnetisation of the rod
is the magnetic field of the earth at this location. will be
(a) 0.5G (b) 0.25 G (a) 2.997 × 102 A/m (b) 2.997 × 103 A/m
(c) 0. 25 3 G (d) none of these (c) 2.997 × 104 A/m (d) 2.997 × 105 A/m
 MAGNETISM 50

76. The mass of iron rod is 80 gm and its magnetic moment is (a) 1000 A/m (b) 1400 A/m
10A.m2.If the density of iron is 8 gm/cc, then the value of (c) 2000 A/m (d) 2400A/m
intensity of magnetization will be
83. In the above problem, magnetizing field in the presence
(a) 106A/m (b) 3000 A/m
of core will be
(c) 105 A/m (d) 1A/m
(a) 1000 A/m (b) 2000 A/m
77. A solenoid has core of a material with relative permeabil­
ity 400.The winding of the solenoid are insulated from (c) 2400 A/m (d) 3200 A/m
the core and carry a current of 2 ampere. If the number of 84. The intensity of magnetization in the presence of core
turns is 1000 per meter, what is magnetic flux density in­ will be
side the core?
(a) 1000 A/m (b) 2.3 × 104 A/m
(a) 0.4T (b) 0.5 T
(c) 0.7 T (d) 1.0T (c) 7.94 × 105 A/m (d) 4.3 × 10­5 A/m
Susceptibility 85. The magnetization in the absence of the core will be
78. The magnetic susceptibility of a material of a rod is 499. (a) 2400 A/m (b) 2.3 × 104 A/m
Permeability of vacuum is 4 × 10 –7 H/m. Absolute
permeability of the material of the rod in henry/meter is (c) 7.94 × 105 A/m (d) zero

(a) × 10–4 (b) 4 × 10–4 86. The relative permeability of the material will be

(c) 3 × 10–4 (d) 2 × 10–4 (a) 397.7 (b) 448.5

79. Magnetic susceptibility is negative for (c) 533 (d) 657
(a) Paramagnetic material only 87. The coercivity of a bar magnet is 4000A/m .In order to
(b) Diamagnetic material only demagnetize it is placed inside a solenoid of length 12 cm
(c) Ferromagnetic material only and having 60 turns. What current should be passed
(d) Paramagnetic and Ferromagnetic materials through the solenoid?
Magnetic permeability (a) 2A (b) 4A
80. A magnetising field of 2 × 103 amp/m produces a magnetic (c) 8A (d) 16A
flux density of 8 tesla in an iron rod. The relative Ferromagnetic
permeability of the rod will be
88. A uniform magnetic field parallel to the plane of paper,
(a) 102 (b) 100
existed in space initially directed from left to right. When a
(c) 103 (d) 104 bar of soft iron is placed in the field parallel to it, the lines
81. The main difference between electric lines of force and of force passing through it will be represented by figure
magnetic lines of force is
(a) Electric lines of force are closed curves whereas
magnetic lines are open curve
(b) Electric lines of force are open curve and magnetic (A) (B)
lines are closed curve
(c) Magnetic field lines cut each other whereas
electric lines don’t
(d) Electric lines of force cut each other whereas magnetic
lines of force don’t cut
82. There are 1000 turns /m in a Rowland’s ring and a current (C) (D)
of 2A is flowing in the windings .The value of magnetic
induction produced is found to be 1.0T.When no core is
present then magnetizing field produced in the ring will (a) A (b) B
be (c) C (d) D
 MAGNETISM 51

89. A sensitive magnetic instrument can be shielded very Hysteris Curve

effectively from outside magnetic field by placing it 94. The hysterisis curve is studied generally for
inside a box of (a) ferromagnetic materials
(a) Teak wood (b) paramagnetic materials
(b) plastic material (c) diamagnetic materials
(c) A metal of low magnetic permeability (d) all of these
(d) A metal of high magnetic permeability 95. The B–H curve (i) and (ii) shown in figure associated with
90. When a Ferromagnetic substance is heated to a
temperature above its Curie temperature it
(a) behaves like Diamagnetic material
(b) behaves like Paramagnetic material
(c) is permanently demagnetized
(d) remains Ferromagnetic
Diamagnetic
91. For a diamagnetic material (a) (i) diamagnetic and (ii) paramagnetic substance
(b) (i) paramagnetic and (ii) ferromagnetic substance
(a)  r  1, m  1 (b)  r  1,  m  1
(c) (i) Soft iron and (ii) Steel respectively
(c)  r  1,  m  0 (d)  r  1,  m  0 (d) (i) steel and (ii) Soft iron respectively

92. Water is Permanent Magnets

(a) diamagnetic (b) paramagnetic 96. The most suitable metal for permanent magnet is
(a) copper (b) aluminium
(c) ferromagnetic (d) none of these
(c) steel (d) iron
Curies Law
93. Curie’s law states that
(a) magnetic susceptibility is inversely proportional to the
absolute temperature
(b) magnetic susceptibility is inversely proportional the
square root of the absolute temperature
(c) magnetic susceptibility is directly proportional to the
absolute temperature
(d) magnetic susceptibility does not depend on temperature
 MAGNETISM 52

EXERCISE - 2 : PREVIOUS YEAR JEE MAINS QUESTIONS

1. A Helmholtz coil has a pair of loops, each with N turns and

radius R. They are placed coaxially at distance R and the  
ˆ ˆ
E0 i + j
  
ˆi + ˆj


same current I flows through the loops in the same (a)
C 2
cos 104
 2

.r ­ 3  1012 t 


direction. The magnitude of magnetic field at P, midway  
between the centres A and C, is given by [Refer to figure
given below] : (2018 Online Set-1)
 
ˆ ˆ
E0 i ­ j
  
ˆi ­ ˆj


(b)
C 2
cos 104
 2

.r ­ 3 1012 t 


 

E0
  
ˆi + ˆj


(c)
C
K̂ cos 104
 2

.r + 3 1012 t 


 
 N 0 I N 0 I
(a) 1 (b) 3 
ˆ ˆ ˆ
E0 i + j + K    
ˆi + ˆj


52 R 52 R (d)
C 3
cos 104
 2

.r + 3  1012 t 


 
4N 0 I 4N 0 I
1 3 4. A current of 1A is flowing on the sides of an equilateral
(c) (d)
52 R 52 R triangle of side 4.5×10­2 m. The magnetic field at the
2. The B­H curve for a ferromagnet is shown in the figure. centre of the triangle will be : (2018 Online Set-2)
The ferromagnet is placed inside a long solenoid with 1000
turns/cm. The current that should be passed in the (a) 2×10­5 Wb / m 2 (b) Zero
solenoid to demagnetise the ferromagnet completely is :
(2018 Online Set-1) (c) 8×10­5 Wb / m 2 (d) 4×10­5 Wb / m2

5. A copper rod of mass m slides under gravity on two smooth

parallel rails, with separation  and set at an angles of 
with the horizontal. At the bottom, rails are joined by a
resistance R. There is a uniform magnetic field B normal to
the plane of the rails, as shown in the figure. The terminal
speed of the copper rod is : (2018 Online Set-2)

(a) 1 mA (b) 2 mA
(c) 20A (d) 40A
3. A monochromatic beam of light has a frequency
3
v= ×1012 Hz and is propagating along the
2
mg R tan  mg R cot 
(a) 2 2 (b)
ˆi + ˆj B  B2  2
direction . It is polarized along the k̂ direction. The
2
mg R sin  mg R cos 
acceptable form for the magnetic field is : (c) 2 2 (d)
(2018 Online Set-1) B  B2  2
 MAGNETISM 53

6. A charge q is spread uniformly over an insulated loop of 10. A magnetic dipole is acted upon by two magnetic fields
radius r. If it is rotated with an angular velocity  with which are inclined to each other at an angle of 75°. One of
respect to normal axis then the magnetic moment of the the fields has a magnitude of 15 mT. The dipole attains
loop is : (2018 Online Set-3) stable equilibrium at an angle of 30° with this field. The
4 magnitude of the other field (in mT ) is close to
(a) xqr 2 (b) qr 2
3 (2016 Online Set-1)
(a) 11 (b) 36
3 2 1
(c) qr (d) qr 2 (c) 1 (d) 1060
2 2 11. Consider a thin metallic sheet perpendicular to the plane
7. A negative test charge is moving near a long straight wire of the paper moving with speed ‘v’ in a uniform magnetic
carrying a current. The force acting on the test charge is field B going into the plane of the paper (See figure). If
parallel to the direction of the current. The motion of the charge densities 1 and  2 are induced on the left and
charge is: (2017 Online Set-2)
right surfaces, respectively, of the sheet then (ignore fringe
(a) away from the wire effects) : (2016 Online Set-2)
(b) towards the wire
(c) parallel to the wire along the current
(d) parallel to the wire opposite to the current
8. A uniform magnetic field B of 0.3 T is along the positive Z­
direction. A rectangular loop (abcd) of sides 10 cm × 5 cm
carries a current 1 to 12 A. Out of the following different
orientations which one corresponds to stable equilibrium ?
(2017 Online Set-2) (a) 1  0 vB, 2  0 vB
0 v B  vB
(b) 1  , 2  0
2 2
(a) (b) (c) 1  2  0 vB
0 vB  vB
(d) 1  , 2  0
2 2
12. A fighter plane of length 20 m, wing span (distance from
tip of one wing to the tip of the other wing) of 15 m and
height 5m is flying towards east over Delhi. Its speed is
(c) (d) 240 ms–1. The earth’s magnetic field over Delhi is 5 × 10–5 T
with the declination angle ~ 0º and dip of  such that sin

9. In a certain region static electric and magnetic fields exist. 2

  . If the voltage developed is V between the lower
 3 B

 
The magnetic field is given by B  B0 ˆi  2ˆj  4 kˆ . If a
and upper side of the plane and VW between the tips of the
 wings then VB and VW are close to :

test charge moving with a velocity v  v0 3iˆ  ˆj  2 kˆ  (2016 Online Set-2)
experiences no force in that region, then the electric field
(a) VB = 45 mV; VW = 120 mV with right side of pilot at
in the region, in SI units, is : (2017 Online Set-1)
higher voltage.

(a) E   v0 B0 (3iˆ  2ˆj  4k)
ˆ (b) VB = 45 mV; VW = 120 mV with left side of pilot at
 higher voltage
(b) E   v0 B0 ( ˆi  ˆj  7k)
ˆ
(c) VB = 40 mV; VW = 135 mV with right side of pilot at
 high voltage
(c) E  v0 B0 (14jˆ  7k)
ˆ
(d) VB = 40 mV; VW = 135 mV with left side of pilot at
 higher voltage
(d) E  v0 B0 (14ˆj  7k)
ˆ
MAGNETISM 54

13. A conducting metal circular­wire­loop of radius r is placed


perpendicular to a magnetic field which varies with time (Given = 10 in SI units and BH = Horizontal

as B = B0 e  t /  , where B0 and  are constants, at time t =
component of earth’s magnetic field = 3.6 × 10 Tesla)
0. If the resistance of the loop is R then the heat generated
(a) 14.6 (b) 19.4
in the loop after a long time (t  ) is :
(c) 9.7 (d) 4.9
(2016 Online Set-2)
17. The mid points of two small magnetic dipoles of length d
2 r 4 B04 2 r 4 B02 in end­on positions, are separated by a distance x, (x >>
(a) (b)
2R 2R d). The force between them is proportional to x–n where n
is: (2014 Online Set-1)
2 r 4 B02 R 2 r 4 B02
(c) (d)
 R
14. Apparent angles of dip of a magnetic needle due to earth’s
magnetic field at a particular location on earth are θ and Õ
in two vertical planes which are perpendicular to each
other, then true angle of dip (δ) at that location is:
(a) 1 (b) 2
(2016 Online Set-2)
(c) 3 (d) 4
(a) cot 2   cot 2   cot 2 
18. The magnetic field of earth at the equator is approximately
2 2
(b) tan   tan   tan  2 4 × 10–5 T. The radius of earth is 6.4 × 106 m. Then the
dipole moment of the earth will be nearly of the order of:
(c)     
(2014 Online Set-1)
(d) cos 2   cos 2   cos 2  23
(a) 10 A m 2
(b) 10 A m2
20

15. Two long straight parallel wires, carrying (adjustable) (c) 1016 A m2 (d) 1010 A m2
current I1 and I2, are kept at a distance d apart. If the force
‘F’ between the two wires is taken as ‘positive’ when the 19. A positive charge ‘q’ of mass ‘m’ is moving along the +x
wires repel each other and ‘negative’ when the wires attract axis. We wish to apply a uniform magnetic field B for
each other, the graph showing the dependence of ‘F’, on time t so that the charge reverses its direction crossing
the product I1I2, would be : (2015 Online) the y axis at a distance d. Then: (2014 Online Set-2)

2m d 2m d
(a) B  qd and t  (b) B  qd and t 
2v v
(a) (b)
m d m d
(c) B  2qd and t  (d) B  qd and t 
2v v

20. Consider two thin identical conducting wires covered with

very thin insulating material. One of the wires is bent into
a loop and produces magnetic field B1, at its centre when
(c) (d)
a current I passes through it. The second wire is bent into
a coil with three identical loops adjacent to each other and
produces magnetic field B2 at the centre of the loops when
16. A short bar magnet is placed in the magnetic meridian of
current 1/3 passes through it. The ratio B1 : B2 is:
the earth with north pole pointing north. Neutral points
are found at a distance of 30 cm from the magnet on the (2014 Online Set-2)
EastWest line, drawn through the middle point of the (a) 1 : 3 (b) 9 : 1
magnet. The magnetic moment of the magnet is Am2 is (c) 1 : 9 (d) 1 : 1
close to : (2015 Online)
MAGNETISM 55

21. Three straight parallel current carrying conductors are which of the following graphs, drawn schematically,
shown in the figure. The force experienced by the middle correctly shows the variation of the induced electric field
conductor of length 25 cm is: (2014 Online Set-3) E (r) ? (2014 Online Set-4)

(a) (b)
(a) Zero (b) 6 × 10–4 N toward left
(c) 9 × 10–4 N toward left (d) 3 × 10–4 N toward right
22. In terms of resistance R and time T, the dimensions of

ratio of the permeability  and permittivity  is:
 (c) (d)
(2014 Online Set-3)
(a) [R2 T2] (b) [R2 T–1]
26. A magnetic dipole in a constant magnetic field has : (2017)
(c) [R2] (d) [RT–2]
23. Three identical bars A, B and C are made of different (a) maximum potential energy when the torque is maximum.
magnetic materials. When kept in a uniform magnetic field, (b) zero potential energy when the torque is minimum.
the field lines around them look as follows: (c) zero potential energy when the torque is maximum.
(d) minimum potential energy when the torque is maximum.
27. An electron, a proton and an alpha particle having the
same kinetic energy are moving in circular orbits of radii
re, rp, r respectively in uniform magnetic field B. The
Make the correspondence of the these bars with their
material being diamagnetic (D), ferromagnetic (F) and relation between re, rp, r is : (2018)
paramagnetic (P): (2014 Online Set-3)
(a) re  rp  r (b) re  r  rp
(a) A F, B D, C P (b) A D, B P, C F
(c) A F, B P, C D (d) A P, B F, C D (c) re  rp = r (d) re  rp =r
24. An example of a perfect diamagnet is a superconductor. 28. The dipole moment of a circular loop carrying a current I,
This implies that when a superconductor is put in a is m and the magnetic field at the centre of the loop is B.
magnetic field of intensity B, the magnetic field BS inside When the dipole moment is double by keeping the current
the superconductor will be such that : constant, the magnetic field at the centre of loop is B2.
(2014 Online Set-4) B1
The ratio is. (2018)
(a) BS = B (b) BS = 0 B2
(c) BS = B (d) BS< B but BS  0
25. Figure shows a circular area of radius R where a uniform 1
(a) 2 (b)
 2
magnetic field B is going into the plane of paper and
increasing in magnitude at a constant rate. In that case, (c) 2 (d) 3
MAGNETISM 56

29. A magnetic needle of magnetic moment 6.7  10 2 Am 2

and moment of inertia 7.5 106 kg m2 is performing

simple harmonic oscillations in a magnetic field of 0.01 T.
Time taken for 10 complete oscillations is: (2017)
(a) 6.65 s
(b) 8.89 s
(c) 6.98 s
(d) 8.76 s gL gL
(a) 2 0
tan  (b) 0
tan 
30. Two identical wires A and B, each of length ‘l’, carry the
same current I. Wire A is bent into a circle of radius R and
wire B is bent to form a square of side ‘a’. If BA and BB are  gL  gL
(c) sin   cos  (d) 2 sin   cos 
the values of magnetic field at the centres of the circle and 0 0

BA 33. A rectangular loop of sides 10 cm and 5 cm carrying a

square respectively, then the ratio B is : (2016) current I of 12 A is placed in different orientations as shown
B
in the figures below :
2 2
(a) (b)
16 2 16

2 2 (A)
(c) (d)
8 2 8

31. Hysteresis loops for two magnetic materials A and B are

given below :

(B)

These materials are used to make magnets for electric (C)

generators, transformer core and electromagnet core. Then
it is proper to use : (2016)
(a) A for electromagnets and B for electric generators.
(b) A for transformers and B for electric generators.
(c) B for electromagnets and transformers. (D)
(d) A for electric generators and transformers.
32. Two long current carrying thin wires, both with current I, If there is a uniform magnetic field of 0.3 T in the positive
are held by insulating threads of length L and are in z direction, in which orientations the loop would be in (i)
equilibrium as shown in the figure, with threads making stable equilibrium and (ii) unstable equilibrium ? (2015)
an angle ‘’ with the vertical. If wires have mass  per unit (a) (B) and (D), respectively
length then the value of I is : (b) (B) and (C), respectively
(g = gravitational acceleration) (2015) (c) (A) and (B), respectively
(d) (A) and (C), respectively
MAGNETISM 57

34. Two coaxial solenoids of different radii carry current I in (a) r = rp = rd (b) r = rp < rd

the same direction. Let F1 be the magnetic force on the (c) r > rd > rp (d) r = rd > rp
 38. A thin circular disk of radius R is uniformly charged with
inner solenoid due to the outer one and F2 be the
density  > 0 per unit area. The disk rotates about its axis
magnetic force on the outer solenoid due to the inner one.
Then : with a uniform angular speed . The magnetic moment of
  the disck is : (AIEEE 2011)
(a) F1 is radially inwards and F2 = 0 (2015) 4 4
(a) 2R  (b) R 
 
(b) F1 = F2 = 0
  R 4 R 4
(c) F1 is radially outwards and F2 = 0 (c)  (d) 
2 4
 
(d) F1 is radially inwards and F2 is radially outwards 39. A current I flows in an infinitely long wire with cross section
35. The coercivity of a small magnet where the ferromagnet in the form of a semi­circular ring of radius R. The magnitude
gets demagnetized is 3 × 103 Am–1. The current required to of the magnetic induction along its axis is (AIEEE, 2011)
be passed in a solenoid of length 10 cm and number of
turns 100, so that the magnet gets demagnetized when 0I 0I
(a) (b)
inside the solenoid, is : (2014) 2 2 R 2R
(a) 60 mA (b) 3 A
0 I 0I
(c) 6 A (d) 30 mA (c) (d)
4R 2 R
36. A charge Q is uniformly distributed over the surface of
non­conducting disc of radius R. The disc rotate about 40. Two long parallel wires are at a distance 2d apart. They
an axis perpendicular to its plane and passing through its carry steady equal current flowing out of the plane of the
centre with an angular velocity . As a result of this paper as shown. The variation of the magnetic field along
rotation, a magnetic field of induction B is obtained at the
the line XX’ is given by (AIEE, 2010)
centre of the disc. If we keep both the amount of charge
placed on the disc and its angular velocity to be constant
and vary the radius of the disc then the variation of the
magnetic induction at the centre of the disc will be
represented by the figure (2012) (a)

B B

(a) (b)

R R (b)

B B

(c) (d)
(c)
R R

37. Proton, deuteron and alpha particles of same kinetic

energy are moving in circular trajectories in a constant
magnetic field. The radii of proton, deuteron and alpha
particle are respectively rp, rd and r. Which one of the (d)
following relation is correct ? (2012)
 MAGNETISM 58

41. The magnitude of the magnetic field (B) due to loop ABCD 44. Two identical conducting wires AOB and COD are placed
at the origin (O) is : (AIEEE, 2009) at right angles to each other. The wire AOB carries an
electric current I1 and COD carries a current I2. The
magnetic field on a point lying at a distance d from O, in a
direction perpendicular to the plane of the wires AOB and
COD, will be given by (AIEEE 2007)

1/ 2
0  I1  I2  0 2 2 1/ 2
(a) 
2  d 
 (b)
2d

I1  I2 
0 0 2 2
(c)
2d
 I1  I2  (d)
2d

I1  I 2 
(a) zero
45. A long straight wire of radius a carries a steady current I.
The current is uniformly distributed across its cross­
0  b  a 
section. The ratio of the magnetic field at a/2 and 2a is
(b)
24 ab (a) 1/4 (b) 4 (AIEEE 2007)
(c) 1 (d) 1/2
0 I  b  a  46. A charged particle with charge q enters a region of
(c)
4  ab  
constant, uniform and mutually orthogonal fields E and
   
B with a velocity v perpendicular to both E and B ,
0I   
(d)  2  b  a    a  b  and comes out without any change in magnitude or
4  3  
direction of v . Then (AIEEE 2007)
42. Due to the presence of the current I1 at the origin  
  B   E
(a) v  E  2 (b) v  B  2
(AIEEE 2009) B B
(a) The forces on AB and DC are zero  
  B   E
(b) The forces on AD and BC are zero (c) v  E  (d) v  B  2
E2 E
(c) The magnitude of the net force on the loop is given by
47. A current I flows along the length of an infinitely long,
 0 II1    straight, thin walled pipe. Then (AIEEE 2007)
 2  b  a    a  b 
4  3  (a) the magnetic field is zero only on the axis of the pipe
(b) the magnetic field is different at different points inside
(d) The magnitude of the net force on the loop is given by the pipe

 0 II1 (c) the magnetic field at any point inside the pipe is zero
(b – a) (d) the magnetic field at all points inside the pipe is the
24ab
same, but not zero
43. A horizontal overhead powerline is at a height of 4m from 48. A charged particle moves through a magnetic field
the ground and carries a current of 100 A from east to perpendicular to its direction. Then (AIEEE 2007)
west. The magnetic field directly below it on the ground is (a) the momentum changes but the kinetic energy is
–7 –1
(0 = 4 × 10 TmA ) (AIEEE 2008) constant
–7
(a) 2.5 × 10 T, southward (b) both momentum and kinetic energy of the particle are
–6
(b) 5 × 10 T, northward not constant
–6 (c) both momentum and kinetic energy of the particle are
(c) 5 × 10 T, southward
constant
–7
(d) 2.5 × 10 T, northward
(d) kinetic energy changes but the momentum is constant
MAGNETISM 59

49. In a region, steady and uniform electric and magnetic fields 54. A long wire carries a steady current. It is bent into a circle
are present. These two fields are parallel to each other. A of one turn and the magnetic field at the centre of the coil
charged particle is released from rest in this region. The is B. It is then bent into a circular loop of n turns. The
path of the particle will be a (AIEEE 2006) magnetic field at the centre of the coil will be
(a) helix (b) straight line (AIEEE 2004)
2
(c) ellipse (d) circle (a) nB (b) n B
2
(c) 2nB (d) 2n B
50. Two thin, long, parallel wires, separated by a distance d
carry a current of I ampere in the same direction. They will 55. The magneitc field due to a current carrying circular loop
(AIEEE 2005) of radius 3 cm at a point on the axis at a distance of 4 cm
from the centre is 54 T. What will be its value at the
0 I2
(a) attract each other with a force of 2d centre of the loop ? (AIEEE 2004)
 
(a) 250 T (b) 150 T
0 I2
(b) repel each other with a force of 2d (c) 125 T (d) 75 T
 
56. Two long conductors, separated by a distance d carry
2
0I currents I1 and I2 in the same direction. They exert a force
(c) attract each other with a force of 2d 2
  F on each other. Now the current in one of them is increased
to two times and its direction is reversed. The distance is
0I2 also increased to 3d. The new value of the force between
(d) repel each other with a force of 2d 2
  them is (AIEEE 2004)

51. Two concentric coils each of radius equal to 2 cm are (a) – 2F (b) F/3
placed at right angles to each other. 3 A and 4A are the (c) – 2F/3 (d) – F/3
currents flowing in each coil respectively. The magnetic 57. A particle of mass M and charge Q moving with velocity
2
induction in Wb/m at the centre of the coils will be 
v describes a circular path of radius R when subjected to
–7
(0 = 4 × 10 Wb/Am) (AIEEE 2005) a uniform transverse magnetic field of induction B. The
–5 –5 work done by the field when the particle completes one
(a) 12 × 10 (b) 10
full circle is (AIEEE 2003)
–5 –5
(c) 5 × 10 (d) 7 × 10 2
(a) (Mv /R) 2R (b) zero
52. A charged particle of mass m and charge q travels on a (c) BQ2R (d) BQv2R
circular path of radius r that is perpendicular to a magnetic –18
58. A particle of charge – 16 × 10 C moving with velocity
field B. The time taken by the particle to complete one –1
10 ms along the x­axis enters a region where a magnetic
revolution is (AIEEE 2005)
field of induction B is along the y­axis and an electric field
4 –1
2mq 2q 2 B of magnitude 10 Vm is along the negative z­axis. If the
(a) (b) charged particle continues moving along the x­axis, the
B m
magnitude of B is (AIEEE 2003)
2qB 2m 3 2 5 2
(c) (d) (a) 10 Wb/m (b) 10 Wb/m
m qB
16 2 –3 2
(c) 10 Wb/m (d) 10 Wb/m
53. A current i ampere flows along an infinitely long straight
thin walled tube, then the magnetic induction at any point 59. If in a circular coil A of radius R, current I is flowing and in
inside the tube is (AIEEE 2004) another coil B of radius 2R a current 2I is flowing, then the
(a) infinite (b) zero ratio of the magnetic fields, BA and BB produced by them
will be (AIEEE 2002)
 0 2i 2i
(c) . tesla (d) tesla (a) 1 (b) 2
4 r r
(c) 1/2 (d) 4
MAGNETISM 60

60. If an electron and a proton having same momenta enter 62. Wires 1 and 2 carrying currents I1 and I2 respectively are
perpendicularly to a magnetic field, then (AIEEE 2002) inclined at an angle  to each other. What is the force on a
small element dl of wire 2 at a distance r from wire 1 (as
(a) curved path of electron and proton will be same shown in figure) due to the magnetic field of wire 1 ?
(ignoring the sense of revolution)
(AIEEE 2002)
(b) they will move undeflected
(c) curved path of electron is more curved than that of 1 2
proton i1
(d) path of proton is more curved i2
61. The time period of a charged particle undergoing a circular r
dl
motion in a uniform magnetic field is independent of its
(AIEEE 2002)
(a) speed
(b) mass
0 0
(c) charge (a) I I dl tan  (b) I I dl sin 
2r 1 2 2r 1 2
(d) magnetic induction
0
(c) I I dl cos  (d) None of these
2r 1 2
 MAGNETISM 61

EXERCISE - 3 : ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Current loop
0 i  ˆ 0 i  ˆ
1. A wire is formed into a shape of two half circles connected (a) 2  j (b) 2  j
by equal length sections as shown in figure. A current 4 a  2 4 a  2
flows in circuit clockwise as shown .What is the
magnitude of the magnetic field induction at the centre. 0 i  ˆ 0 i   ˆ
(c) 2  i (d) 2  k
4 a  2 4 a  2
I R1
4. In figure, the conductors carry equal currents I. All straight
C segments are very long and two circular loops have equal
radii. However current around loops have opposite
R2 senses. What is the ratio of magnetic fields at a and b at
the centre of the loops.

I
a
0  R1.R 2  I  0  R1  R 2  I I I
(a) R  R (b)
 2 1 4R 2 R 1

 0  R1  R 2  I  0  R1  R 2  I b
(c) (d) I I
4R 2 R1 2R1R 2
2. Consider a current carrying loop shown in figure formed
by radial lines and segments of circle whose centers are Ba   1 Ba   2
at point P.What is the magnitude of magnetic field (a) B    1 (b) B    2
b b
induction at point P.
Ba 2  1 Ba 2  1
(c) B  2  1 (d) B  2
b b

i a 5. A current i flows through an infinitely long wire having

infinite bends as shown. The radius of first curved section
60° is a and the radii of successive curved portions each
P increases by a factor . The magnetic field at the point O is
b

0 I  1 1  0 I  1 1 
(a)    (b)   
3 a b 6 a b

0 I  1 1  0 I  1 1 
(c)    (d)   
12  a b  4 a b

3. The unit vectors ˆi, ˆj and k̂ are as shown below. What

will be the magnetic field at O in the following figure

 0 i 0i
(a) 4a    1 (b) 4a    1

0i2 0i2
(c) 4a 2  1 (d) 4a 2  1
   
 MAGNETISM 62

On Centre and axis

2 2
6. A circular current carrying coil has a radius R. The distance (a) (b)
4 2 8 2
from the centre of the coil on the axis where the magnetic
induction will be 1/8th to its value at the centre of the coil, is  1
(c) (d)
(a) R / 3 (b) R 3 2 2 4 2

10. What is the value of the magnetic field induction at the

(c) 2 3 R (d) 2R / 3
point P mentioned in the figure?
7. The magnetic field at the centre of a circular coil of radius
d
r is  times that due to a long straight wire at a distance r
from it, for equal currents. Figure here shows three cases :
I
in all cases the circular part has radius r and straight ones
are infinitely long. For same current the B field at the centre I d
P in cases 1, 2, 3 have the ratio
r
P
I
P

P 0 I  3 2  0 I  3 3
(2) (a) 4  2R  d  (b) 2  2R  d 
(1)    

P 0 I  3 3  0 I  3 2
(c) 4  4R  d  (d) 3  4R  d 
   
(3)
11. In the given figure net magnetic field at O will be
       3 1 
(a)    :   :   
 2 2  4 2

       3 1 
(b)    1 :   1 :   
 2   2   4 2

  
(c)  : :3
2 2 4

     1   3 1  2 0i  0i
(d)    1 :    :    (a) 4  2 (b) 4  2
 2   2 4  4 2 3a 3a
8. A non­conducting ring with radius of 10 cm is uniformly
2 0i 0i
charged with total positive charge of 10 C.The ring rotates (c)
3a 2
4  2 (d)
3 a
4    2

at constant angular speed of 20 rad/s about an axis

passing through its centre perpendicular to plane of the 12. The field normal to the plane of a wire of n turns and radius
ring. What is magnitude of the magnetic field on the axis r which carries a current i is measured on the axis of the coil
of the ring at 5 cm from the centre? at a small distance h from the centre of the coil. This is
(a) 143 pT (b) 12 pT smaller than the field at the centre by the fraction
(c) 9 pT
3 h2 2 h2
(d) 2 pT (a) (b)
2 r2 3 r2
9. The ratio of the magnetic field at the centre of a current
carrying circular wire and the magnetic field at the centre 3 r2 2 r2
of a square coil made from the same length of wire will be (c) (d)
2 h2 3 h2
 MAGNETISM 63

13. Two circular coils X and Y have equal number of turns and 16. Two thick wires and two thin wires, all of the same materials
carry equal currents in the same sense and subtend same and same length form a square in the three different ways
angle at point O. If the smaller coil X is midway between O P, Q and R as shown in figure with current connection
and Y, and we represent the magnetic field due to coil Y at O shown, the magnetic field at the centre of the square is
as By and that due to smaller coil X at O as Bx, then zero in cases

By By
(a) 1 (b) 2
Bx Bx (a) In P only (b) In P and Q only
By 1 By 1 (c) In Q and R only (d) P and R only
(c)  (d) 
Bx 2 Bx 4 17. Two long parallel wires carry currents I1=3.0 A and I2=3.0
Straight Current Wire A, both directed into the plane of paper .What is the
magnitude of magnetic field induction at the point P.
14. The magnetic field due to a straight conductor of uniform
cross section of radius a and carrying a steady current is
represented by I1
5 cm
B B
P
13 cm

(a) (b)
r
12 cm
O O r
a a
B B I2

(a) 7.5 T (b) 4 T

(c) (d) (c) 3 T (d) 13 T
O r
O a r 18. AB and CD are long straight conductor, distance d apart,
a
carrying a current I. The magnetic field at the midpoint of
15. What is the magnetic field at O due to current carrying long
BC is
wire, forming a loop as shown in figure?

I 2I
a

I O 3I
a a
0 I 3 0 I 0 I 0 I
(a) downwards (b) outwards (a) k̂ (b) k̂
2a 2a 2d d

0 I 3 0 I 0 I 0 I
(c) outwards (d) downwards (c) k̂ (d) k̂
2a 2a 4d 8d
MAGNETISM 64

19. What is magnetic field strength at point P in terms of 22. In the following figure a wire bent in the form of a regular
length a and current I. polygon of n sides is inscribed in a circle of radius a. Net
magnetic field at centre will be
C

2a I
a P
a
I I
D E
4a a

7  I  7  I 
(a) 7.41 10   (b) 2.43  10  
a a
 0i   0 ni 
7  I  7  I  (a) tan (b) tan
(c) 5.40  10   (d) 2.98  10   2a n 2a n
a  a 
20. A current i is flowing in a straight conductor of length L. 2 ni  ni 
The magnetic induction at a point distant L/4 from its centre (c) 0 tan (d) 0 tan
 a n 2a n
will be
23. Which of the following graphs shows the variation of
40i i magnetic induction B with distance r from a long wire
(a) (b) 0
5 L 2L carrying current

 0i
(c) (d) Zero B B
2L

21. Magnetic field at the origin due to current flowing in

wire as shown in figure below is (a) (b)

y axis O O
r r

B B

I upto infinity

x axis (c) (d)

a
a O O
r r
parallel to y axis
z axis
24. Two infinite length wires carries currents 8A and 6A
I respectively and placed along X and Y­axis. Magnetic field
at a point P (0, 0, d) m will be

7 0 100
I I (a) (b)
(a)  0 i  k (b) 0 i  k
d d
8a
  2a
 
140 5 0
I I (c) (d)
(c) 0 i  k
  (d)  0 i  k
  d d
8a 4a
MAGNETISM 65

25. Current I1 and I2 flows in wires shown in figure. The field

2l
is zero at a distance d to the right of origin O. Then

l
I I I

I1 P1
I1 (a, 0) I2

(–a, 0) O
I I
I2
P2

1 3 3
(a) (b)
 I1   I2  2 2
(a) d   I  a (b) d   I  a
 2  1
8 2 16 2
(c) (d)
 I1  I 2   I 2  I1  2 5
(c) d   I  I  a (d) d   I  I  a
 1 2  1 2 28. Two infinitely long straight wires lie in the x­y plane along x
and y axis respectively. Each wire carries a current i,
26. Figure shows a square loop ABCD with edge length a.
respectively in positive direction of x and y axis. The locus
The resistance of the wire ABC is r and that of ADC is 2r.
of points, where the magnetic field is zero is
The value of magnetic field at the centre of the loop
assuming uniform wire is (a) y2 = x (b) x = y2
(c) x – y = 0 (d) x + y = 0
B
29. Two wires AO and OC carry equal currents i as shown.
i1
AOC   . The magnitude of magnetic field at the point P
A C on the bisector of angle  at a distance r from point O is
i O (Assume one end of both wire extends to infinity)
i2

2 0i 2 0i
(a)  (b) 
3a 3a

2 0i 2 0i
(c)  (d) 
a a

27. A wire is bent into shape as shown in figure and magnetic

field is measured at P1 when current in wire is I, the same  0i   0i 
(a) cot (b) cot
wire is then formed into shape shown in figure .Magnetic 2r 2 4r 2
field is measured at P2 when current is again I . If total
length of the wire is same in each case .What is ratio of B1  0i 1  cos  / 2   0i 
(c) (d) sin
2r sin  / 2 4r 2
to B2.
 MAGNETISM 66

30. A long straight wire, carrying a current i is bent at its mid (c) Segment OB only of line AB
point to form an angle of 45°. At a point P, distance R from (d) Segment OC only of line CD
the point of bending, the magnetic field is
33. What will be the resultant magnetic field at origin due to
four infinite length wires. If each wire produces magnetic
field ‘B’ at origin

Y
1
i
x
4 2
i
×
(a)
 
2  1  0i
(b)
 
2  1  0i x i X

4 R 4 R 3 × i

(c)
 
2  1  0i
(d)
 
2  1  0i (a) 4 B (b) 2B
4 2R 2 2R (c) 2 2 B (d) Zero
31. Infinite number of straight wires each carrying current i are Inside and Outside wire
equally placed as shown. Adjacent wires have current in 34. A long thin hollow metallic cylinder of radius ‘R’ has a
opposite direction. Distance between the wires is equal to dis­ current i ampere. The magnetic induction ‘B’ away from
tance between first wire and P. Net magnetic field at point P is the axis at a distance r from the axis varies as shown in
B B

(a) (b)
Ox=0 x=R r Ox = 0 x = R r

B B

0i n2 0i n4

(a) 2 k̂ (b) 4 k̂
3a 3a (c) (d)
 0i n4 Ox = 0 x =R r O r
(c) 4
3a
 k̂   (d) zero
x=0 x=R
Concentric current carrying pipes
32. Two very thin metallic wires placed along X and Y­axis 35. Figure shows the cross­sectional view of the hollow
carry equal currents as shown here. AB and CD are lines cylindrical conductor with inner radius ‘R’ and outer radius
at 45° with the axes with origin of axes at O. The magnetic ‘2R’, cylinder carrying uniformly distributed current along
field will be zero on the line it’s axis. The magnetic induction at point ‘P’ at a distance
3R/2 from the axis of the cylinder will be
Y

C B

I R

O I 3R/2
X 2R

50i
D (a) Zero (b)
A 72R
7 0i 50i
(c) (d)
(a) AB (b) CD 18R 36R
MAGNETISM 67

Solenoid (a) re = rp (b) re < rp

36. The correct curve between the magnetic induction (B) (c) re > rp
along the axis of a long solenoid due to current flow i in it (d) re may be less than or greater than rp depending on
and distance x from one end is the direction of the magnetic field
41. A particle of charge q and mass m moving with a velocity
v along the x­axis enters the region x > 0 with uniform
magnetic field B along the k̂ direction. The particle will
(a) (b)
penetrate in this region in the x­direction upto a distance
O O d equal to
mv
(a) Zero (b)
qB

(c) (d) 2mv

(c) (d) Infinity
qB
O O 42. Two ions having masses in the ratio 1 : 1 and charges
37. A 100 turn closely wound circular coil of radius 10 cm 1 : 2 are projected into uniform magnetic field
carries a current of 3.2 ampere .The moment of inertia of perpendicular to the field with speeds in the ratio 2 : 3.
the coil is 0.1 kgm2.The coil is placed in a vertical plane The ratio of the radii of circular paths along which the
and is free to rotate about horizontal axis which coincides two particles move is
with its diameter. A uniform magnetic field of 2.0 T in (a) 4 : 3 (b) 2 : 3
horizontal direction exists such that plane of the coil is (c) 3 : 1 (d) 1 : 4
parallel to field .The coil rotates through an angle of 90o 43. There is magnetic field acting perpendicular to plane of
due to torque. What is the angular speed acquired by the paper inwards. Particles in vacuum move in the plane of
coil when it has rotated by 90o. paper from left to right as shown. The paths are numbered
(a) 12 rad/s (b) 15 rad/s as 1 to 3.Which statement is wrong.
(c) 20 rad/s (d) 25 rad/s 1
Motion Circular × ××
×
2 × × ×
×
38. A proton (mass m and charge +e) and an   particle × × ××
(mass 4m and charge +2e) are projected with the same 3 × ×
kinetic energy at right angles to the uniform magnetic
field. Which one of the following statements will be true (a) 1 could be an –particle’s path
(b) 2 is for a neutron
(a) The –particle will bent in a circular path with a small
radius than that for the proton (c) 3 is for an electron
(d) 3 is for a proton
(b) The radius of the path of the –particle will be greater
than that of the proton 44. An electron (q = 1.6  10–19 C) is moving at right angle to
the uniform magnetic field 3.534  10–5 T. The time taken by
(c) The –particle and the proton will be bent in a circular the electron to complete a circular orbit is
path with the same radius (a) 2 s (b) 4 s
(d) The –particle and the proton will go through the (c) 3 s (d) 1 s
field in a straight line 45. A particle of charge per unit mass  is released from origin
39. If a proton, deutron and   particle on being accelerated 
with a velocity of v  v0 i in uniform magnetic field
by the same potential difference, enter perpendicular to

the magnetic field, then the ratio of their kinetic energies is B  B0 k . If the particle passes through a point P (0, y, 0)
(a) 1 : 2 : 2 (b) 2 : 2 : 1 and then y is equal to
(c) 1 : 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 1 : 2 2v0 v0
40. An electron and a proton enter region of uniform magnetic (a) B  (b) B 
0 0
field in a direction at right angles to the field with the
same kinetic energy. They describe circular paths of radius 2v0  v0
(c) B  (d) 2B 
re and rp respectively. Then 0 0
 MAGNETISM 68

 (a) 14 (b) 15
When a proton has velocity v  2i  3j  10 m / s it
 
6
46.
(c) 16 (d) 18

 .When its
experiences a force of F  1.28 1013 kN 49. A proton accelerated by a potential difference 500 KV moves
velocity is along +z axis, it experiences a force along +x though a transverse magnetic field of 0.51 T as shown in
axis. What is magnetic field? figure. The angle  through which the proton deviates from

(a) 0.4jT 
(b) 0.4jT the initial direction of its motion is

(c) 0.4i T (d) 0.4k T

47. A particle with charge q, moving with a momentum p, enters

a uniform magnetic field normally. The magnetic field has
magnitude B and is confined to a region of width d, where
p
d , The particle is deflected by an angle  in crossing
Bq
the field

× × × ×
× × × × (a) 15° (b) 30°
B
p × × × × (c) 45° (d) 60°
q
× × × × Lorentz Force
d
× × × ×
50. An electron is moving along the positive X­axis. You want to
apply a magnetic field for a short time so that the electron may
Bqd p reverse its direction and move parallel to the negative X­axis.
(a) sin   (b) sin  
p Bqd This can be done by applying the magnetic field along
(a) Y­axis (b) X­axis
Bp pd
(c) sin   (d) sin   (c) Y­axis only (d) none of these
qd Bq
51. If a charge particle goes with uniform velocity in a region
48. A beam of singly ionized atoms of carbon each charge +e
containing electric and magnetic fields
all have the same speed and enter a mass spectrometer,
as shown in figure .The ions strike the photographic plate (a) E must be perpendicular to B
12
in two different locations 5 cm apart .The C isotope 6 (b) v must not be perpendicular to E
traces a path of smaller radius,15 cm. What is atomic mass
(c) v must be perpendicular to B
number of other isotope?
(d) E must be equal to v B.
× × ×
52. A charge particle is projected in the magnetic field of
5cm
× × ×
 6i  5j  10 3
T . The acceleration of the particle is found

× × ×
to be i  6j 10 ms . The value of  is
 
6 2
cm
15

× × ×
(a) 5 (b) 6
× × × (c) 10 (d) 12
 MAGNETISM 69

53. A charged particle q enters a region of uniform magnetic 56. A uniform magnetic field B and a uniform electric field E
 act in a common region. An electron is entering this region
field B (directed out of page as shown) and is deflected d
of space. The correct arrangement for it to escape
after travelling a horizontal distance a. The magnitude of
undeviated is
the momentum of the particle is
E
E
B
B

v v
(a) (b)

B
E

v
(c) (d) v
2
qB  a  qBd
(a) 2  d  d  (b)
  2 B
E

qBa Force on Straight Current Wire

(c) (d) zero
2
57. A current of 5 ampere is flowing in a wire of length 1.5
Crossed Fields metres. A force of 7.5 N acts on it when it is placed in a
54. An electron enters a region where electrostatic field is uniform magnetic field of 2 Tesla. The angle between the
20N/C and magnetic field is 5T. If electron passes magnetic field and the direction of the current is
undeflected through the region, then velocity of electron
will be (a) 30° (b) 45°

(a) 0.25ms–1 (b) 2ms–1 (c) 60° (d) 90°

(c) 4ms–1 (d) 8ms–1 58. A wire of length 1 m placed in x­z plane carries a current of
1 ampere .The coefficient of friction between the wire and
Cyclotron
the surface is 0.2 and mass of the wire is 1 kg .The magnetic
55. A particle of charge q and mass m is moving along the x­axis field of strength 2 T exists along positive y ­ axis . Then
with a velocity v and enters a region of electric field E and choose the correct option.
magnetic field B as shown in figure below for which figure
the net force on the charge may be zero (a) acceleration of wire is 0.5 m/s2

Y Y
(b) wire will not move at all
(c) acceleration of wire is 1 m/s2
B E
(d) acceleration of wire is 2 m/s2
v X v X
q q 59. A conducting rod of length l and mass m is moved down
(a) O (b) O a smooth inclined plane of inclination  with constant
E B velocity v. A current I is flowing in the conductor in the
Z Z
direction perpendicular to paper inwards. A vertically

Y Y upwards magnetic field B exists in space.Then the
E B E magnitude of the magnetic field will be

v v
mgsin  mg tan 
X X (a) (b)
q
O
q
O B
i i
(c) (d)
B mg cos  mg
(c) (d)
Z Z i i
 MAGNETISM 70

60. A straight wire lies along a body diagonal of an imaginary

cube of side a=20 cm and carries a current of 5 A as shown
in figure .What is force on it due to uniform magnetic field

of B  0.6j T .

z­axis

B
F (a) No force (b) A stretching force
a
I (c) A compressive force (d) A torque

O 63. Same current i = 2A is flowing in a wire frame as shown in

y­axis
a figure. The frame is a combination of two equilateral triangles
a ACD and CDE of side 1m. It is placed in uniform magnetic
x­axis field B = 4T acting perpendicular to the plane of frame. The
magnitude of magnetic force acting on the frame is
(a) 0.24 N (b) 0.42 N
(c) 0.85 N (d) 1.23 N A

61. In the arrangement shown in figure, the force acting on a × × × × × × × ×

straight wire carrying current I placed between north pole × × × × × × × ×
C D
and south pole of magnets is, the magnetic field strength × × × × × × × ×
is B, × × × × × × × ×
× × × × × × × ×
E
B
(a) 24 N (b) Zero
(c) 16 N (d) 8 N
N I a S
64. A uniform conducting wire ABC has a mass of 10g. A current of
2A flows through it. The wire is kept in a uniform magnetic field
B = 2T. The acceleration of the wire will be

(a) BIa (b) zero

B
Bla
(c) 2BaI (d)
2

Force on General Current Wire

62. An elastic circular wire of length l carries a current I. It is

placed in a uniform magnetic field B (Out of paper) such (a) Zero

that its plane is perpendicular to the direction of B . The (b) 12ms–2 along y–axis
wire will experience (c) 1.2 × 10–3ms–2 along y–axis
(d) 0.6 × 10–3ms–2 along y–axis
 MAGNETISM 71

65. A conducting wire bent in the form of a parabola y2=2x 69. A rectangular loop carrying a current i is placed in a uniform
carries a current of I=2A as shown in figure .The wire is magnetic field B. The area enclosed by the loop is A. If there
 are n turns in the loop, the torque acting on the loop is
placed in uniform magnetic field B  4k tesla. The
given by
magnetic force on wire in newton is
   
(a) niA  B (b) niA  B
y(m)
1   1  
a (c)
n

iA  B  (d)
n

iA  B 
70. A current carrying rectangular coil is placed in a uniform
O magnetic field. In which orientation, the coil will not tend to
2.0 x(m) rotate
(a) The magnetic field is parallel to the plane of the coil
b
(b) The magnetic field is perpendicular to the plane of the coil
(c) The magnetic field is at 45o with the plane of the coil
(a) 16i (b) 32i (d) Always in any orientation
71. A rectangular coil 20cm × 20cm has 100 turns and carries a
(c) 16j (d) 32i current of 1 A. It is placed in a uniform magnetic field B = 0.5 T
66. A wire carrying a current i is placed in a uniform magnetic with the direction of magnetic field parallel to the plane of
field in the form of the curve y = a sin (x/L) 0  x  2L. The the coil. The magnitude of the torque required to hold this
force acting on the wire is coil in this position is
(a) Zero (b) 200 N-m
Y
(c) 2 N-m (d) 10 N-m
× × × × × ×B× 72. A flat thin disc of radius R carries an excess charge on its
× × × × × × × surface. The surface charge density is .The disc rotates
× × × × × about an axis perpendicular to its plane passing through
2L ×
×O× × × × × × × the centre with angular velocity .What torque will act on
the disc if it is placed in a uniform magnetic field B directed
× × × × × × ×
perpendicular to the rotational axis.

(a) iBL/ (b) iBL BR 2 BR 2

(a) (b)
(c) 2iBL (d) Zero 2 2

67. An electron enters a region of uniform perpendicular 2BR 3 BR 4

(c) (d)
   3 4
E and B fields. It is observed that the velocity v of the
73. The ( – ) graph for a current carrying coil placed in uniform
electron is unaffected. A possible explanation is: magnetic field B where is torque magnitude on coil and is
  
(a) v is parallel to E and has a magnitude E/B the angle made by A and B .
 
(b) v is perpendicular to E and B has a magnitude E/B.
 
(c) v is perpendicular to B and E has a magnitude B/E.

(d) v is parallel to B
(a) (b)

Torque on Current Loop 0º 90º 180º 0º 90º 180º

68. A current carrying loop is placed in a uniform magnetic field.

The torque acting on it does not depend upon
(a) Shape of the loop (b) Area of the loop
(c) (d)
(c) Value of the current (d) Magnetic field
0º 90º 180º 0º 90º 180º
MAGNETISM 72

Magnetic Moment
74. A wire of length L metre carrying a current of I ampere is
bent in the form of a circle. Its magnitude of magnetic
moment will be

IL IL2
(a) (b)
4 4 (a) 25 mm (b) 50 mm

I 2 L2 I2L (c) 75 mm (d) 100 mm

(c) (d)
4 4 80. A long straight wire carries a current of 20 ampere as
shown. A rectangular coil with two sides parallel to straight
75. The magnetic moment of an electron in nth orbit of wire has sides 5 cm and 10 cm with near side a distance of
hydrogen atom is 2 cm from wire. The coil carries a current of 5 ampere.
neh neh Calculate net force on the coil due to wire.
(a) (b)
m 2m
5cm
neh meh 5A
(c) (d)
4m n
76. A thin circular wire carrying a current I has a magnetic moment
M. The shape of the wire is changed to a square and it carries
the same current. It will have a magnetic moment 2cm
4
(a) M (b) M
2 (a) 1.23 × 10–6 N towards right

4  (b) 0.71 × 10–4 N towards right

(c) M (d) M
 4 (c) 2.34 × 10–4 N towards left
77. The current flowing in circular loop of cross section 2 m2 (d) 12.3 × 10–5 N towards left
is 3 A. If the direction of the current is reversed keeping Between Perpendicular Currents
the magnitude same, then change in magnetic moment is
(a) 12 Am2 (b) 6 Am2 81. An infinitely long, straight conductor AB is fixed and a
current is passed through it. Another movable straight wire
(c) 10 Am2 (d) zero
CD of finite length and carrying current is held perpendicular
78. A ring of radius R, made of an insulating material carries a
to it and released. Neglect weight of the wire
charge Q uniformly distributed on it. If the ring rotates
about the axis passing through its centre and normal to A
plane of the ring with constant angular speed , then the i1
magnitude of the magnetic moment of the ring is

1
(a) QR
2
(b) QR 2 C D i2
2
a
2 1 2
(c) Q R (d) Q R B
2
Between Parallel Currents (a) The rod CD will move upward parallel to itself
79. A long wire AB is placed on a table. Another wire PQ of (b) The rod CD will move downward parallel to itself
mass 1.0 g and length 50 cm is set to slide on two rails PS (c) The rod CD will move upward and turn clockwise at
and QR. A current of 50A is passed through the wires. At the same time
what distance above AB, will the wire PQ be in equilibrium (d) The rod CD will move upward and turn anti­clockwise
due to AB at the same time
 MAGNETISM 73

Multiple Answer Questions (more than one correct) 87. When a current carrying coil is placed in a uniform
magnetic field with its magnetic moment antiparallel to
82. A small circular flexible loop of wire of radius r carries a magnetic field
current I. It is placed in a uniform magnetic field B. The
tension in the loop will be doubled if (a) Torque on it will be maximum
(b) Torque on it is zero
(a) current I is doubled
(c) potential energy is maximum
(b) Magnetic field B is Doubled
(d) dipole is in unstable equilibrium
(c) radius r is doubled
88. Two ions have equal masses but one is singly ionized
(d) both magnetic field B and current I are doubled
and the other is doubly ionized .They are projected from
83. A long straight wire carries current along x axis. Consider the same place in a uniform magnetic field with the same
the points P(0,1,0),Q(0,1,1) ,R (1,0,1) and S(1,1,1).Which velocity perpendicular to the field
of the following pairs of points will have magnetic fields
of the same magnitude. (a) Both ions will go along circles of equal radii
(a) P and Q (b) P and R (b) Two circles touch each other
(c) Q and R (d) Q and S (c) The circle described by singly ionized charge will be
84. Velocity and acceleration vector of a charged particle double radius to that of other circle
moving in a magnetic field at some instant are (d) The two circles do not touch each other.
  89. If a charged particle kept at rest experience an
v  3iˆ  3jˆ and acceleration a  2iˆ  xjˆ then select the
electromagnetic force then
correct option.
(a) The electric field must not be zero
(a) x = – 1.5
(b) Magnetic field must not be zero
(b) x = 2
(c) Electric field may or may not be zero
(c) magnetic field is along Z axis
(d) The magnetic field may or may not be zero
(d) speed of the particle is constant
90. An electron is moving along positive x­axis. You want
85. An equilateral triangular loop PQR of side length L carries to apply a magnetic field for a short time so that
a current I in the shown direction. The loop is kept in uniform electron may reverse its direction and move parallel to
horizontal magnetic field B parallel to base QR.. Then net negative x­axis. This can be done by applying the
force on loop magnetic field along
(a) y­axis (b) z­axis
(c) y­axis only (d) z­axis only
91. A charged particle moves in uniform magnetic field. The
velocity of the particle at some instant makes an acute
angle with magnetic field. The path of the particle will
be
(a) A helix of uniform pitch
(a) is zero (b) A spiral of increasing radius
(b) perpendicular to its plane inwards (c) A helix of uniform radius
(c) perpendicular to its plane outwards (d) Helix with increasing pitch
(d) 3BIL 92. A hollow tube is carrying an electric current along its
length distributed uniformly over its surface. The
86. The cyclotron frequency is independent of magnetic field
(a) mass of the particle (a) increases linearly from axis to surface
(b) speed of the particle (b) is constant inside the tube
(c) radius of circular path of particle (c) is zero at the axis
(d) charge of the particle (d) is non zero outside the tube
 MAGNETISM 74

93. When a current in circular loop is equivalently replaced by 100. The magnetic field inside a straight solenoid is
a magnetic dipole the magnetic dipole, moment associated (a) independent of radius of solenoid
with it depends upon
(b) depends on number of turns and current in solenoid
(a) Orientation of the loop
(c) is uniform throughout the solenoid
(b) Current in the loop
(d) is perpendicular to axis of the solenoid
(c) Area of the loop

(d) None of these 101. A proton is fired from origin with velocity v  v0ˆj  v0 kˆ in
94. A compass needle which is allowed to move in a horizontal 
plane is taken to an earth magnetic pole. Which of the a uniform magnetic field B  B0ˆj . In the subsequent motion
followings are wrong? of the proton
(a) needle will stay in north south direction only (a) its Z coordinate cannot be negative
(b) needle will stay in east west direction only (b) its x coordinate can not be positive
(c) needle will stay in any position (c) its x and z coordinate cannot be zero simultaneously
(d) needle will become rigid showing no movement (d) its y coordinate will be proportionate to its time of
95. Which of the following magnetic materials are affected by flight
the change in their temperature ?
102. From a cylinder of radius R, a cylinder of radius R/2 is
(a) Diamagnetic (b) Paramagnetic removed, as shown. Current flowing in the remaining cylinder
(c)Ferromagnetic (d) All of these is I. Magnetic field strength is
96. Which of the following statements are correct ?
(a) Diamagnetism occur in all material
(b) Diamagnetism is produced due to partial alignment of
permanent magnetic dipoles
(c) Magnetic field of induced magnetism is opposite to
applied field
(d) Ferromagnetism is produced due to domain formation
and their alignment in external magnetic field
97. A flat circular coil carrying a current has magnetic moment M
(a) M has no direction
(b) The direction of M is along the normal to plane of coil
(c) The direction of M depends on direction of current flow
(a) zero at point A (b) zero at point B
(d) The direction of M will not change if current is reversed
98. Current carrying ring is placed in a magnetic field. The  I  I
(c) 30R at point A (d) 30R at point B
direction of field is perpendicular to the plane of the ring.
(a) There is no force on the ring 103. A long conductor of radius R carries a current uniformly
(b) The ring will tend to expand distributed over its cross­section
(c) The ring will tend to contract (a) The magnetic field strength is maximum on the surface
(d) Either b or c depending on current direction (b) The magnetic field strength is zero on the surface
99. Two identical charged particles enter into a uniform magnetic (c) The strength of the magnetic field inside the cylinder
field with same speed but at angle 30° and 60° with field. will vary as directly proportional to r, where r is the
Let a, b and c be the ratio of their time periods, radii and distance from the axis.
pitches of helical path respectively then (d) The energy density of the magnetic field outside the
(a) abc = 1 (b) abc > 1 conductor varies asinversely proportional to 1/r2, where
(c) abc < 1 (d) a = bc r is the distance from the axis.
 MAGNETISM 75

104. A charge particle of charge q, mass m is moving with initial 106. Two coaxial solenoids 1 and 2 of the same length are set so
velocity v as shown in figure in a uniform magnetic field that one is inside the other. The number of turns per unit
 Bkˆ . Select the correct alternative/alternatives length are n1 and n2. The currents i1 and i2 are flowing in
opposite directions. The magnetic field inside the inner coil
is zero. This is possible when
y
(a) i1  i2 and n1 = n2 (b) i1 = i2 and n1  n2
× × ×
× × × × (c) i1 = i2 and n1 = n2 (d) i1n1 = i2n2
× × × × × extend upto 107. A thin wire of length  is carrying a constant current. The
× × × × × × a large
× × × × × × × wire is bent to form a circular coil. If radius of the coil, thus
distance
× × × × × × × × formed, is equal to R and number of turns in it is equal to n,
× × × × × × × × × then which of the following graphs represent(s) variation of
q, m × × × × × × × × × ×
× × × × × × × × × × × magnetic field induction (B) at centre of the coil
x
O × × × × × × × × × × ×
× × × × × × × × × × × × ×
×× × × × × × × × × × × × ×

(a) Velocity of particle when it comes out from magnetic

 (a) (b)
field is v  vcos30 ˆi  vsin 30 ˆj

m
(b) Time for which the particle was in magnetic field is
3qB

mV
(c) Distance travelled in magnetic field is
3qB
(d) The particle will never come out of magnetic field
(c) (d)
105. A particle of charge q and mass m enters normally (at point
P) in a region of magnetic field with speed v. It comes out
normally from Q after time T as shown in figure. The magnetic
field B is present only in the region of radius R and is uniform. 108. A particle of mass m and charge q enters a uniform magnetic
Initial and final velocities are along radial direction and they 
field B (perpendicular to paper inward) at P with velocity v at
are perpendicular to each other. For this to happen, which an angle  and leaves the field at Q at angle  as shown. Then
of the following expression(s) is/are correct

(a)  must be equal to .

2mv cos 
(b) Length PQ =
qB
mv R
(a) B  (b) T 
qR 2v 2mv sin 
(c) Length PQ =
qB
m
(c) T  (d) None of these 2m
2qB (d) Particle remains in the field for time t 
qB
 MAGNETISM 76

 112. Statement-1 : A long straight conductor carrying a current

109. A charge particle with velocity v  xiˆ  yjˆ moves in
lies along the axis of a current carrying circular ring. The
 conductor will not exert magnetic force on the ring.
magnetic field B  yiˆ  xjˆ . The magnitude of magnetic force
Statement-2 : The magnetic field due to the straight
acting on the particle is F. Identify the correct statements. conductor lying along axis of current carrying ring
(a) No force will act on a particle if x = y. coincides with the ring.
(a) A (b) B
(b) F  (x2 – y2) if x > y
(c) C (d) D
(c) The force will act along positive z­axis if x < y.
113. Statement-1: Two long parallel conductors carrying
(d) The force will act along negative y­axis if x > y. currents in the same direction experience a force of
attraction.

110. An ­particle is fired from origin with velocity v  v0ˆj  v0 kˆ Statement-2 : The magnetic fields produced in the space
between them are in the opposite direction.
in a uniform magnetic field B0ˆj . In the subsequent motion
(a) A (b) B
of ­particle
(c) C (d) D
(a) Its z­coordinate can never be negative.
114. Statement-1 : The magnetic field at the centre of the circular
(b) Its x­coordinate can never be positive. coil in the following figure due to the currents I1 and I2 is
zero.
(c) Its x and z co­ordinate cannot be zero at the same time.
(d) Its y­coordinate will be proportional to its time of flight.
111. A charge particle moves in a uniform magnetic field

 
B  ˆi  ˆj T

 
(a) If velocity of particle is 2kˆ m/s, the particle moves in

circular path.

Statement-2 : I1 = I2 in above figure implies that the fields

 
(b) If velocity of particle is  2iˆ  2ˆj m/s, particle moves in
due to the current I1 and I2 will be balanced at centre.
a straight line.
(a) A (b) B

 
(c) If velocity of particle is ˆi  2ˆj m/s, particle constitute a (c) C (d) D
115. Statement-1 : A stationary charged particle in a steady,
helix. non uniform magnetic field does not experience a force.
(d) In all the above three cases velocity of the particle remains Statement-2 : The magnetic Lorentz force acting on the
unchanged. charge particle is directly proportional to magnitude of
the velocity of the particle.
Assertion Reason Type Questions
(a) A (b) B
(a) Statement–1 is True, Statement–2 is True; Statement–2 is
(c) C (d) D
a correct explanation for Statement–1.
116. Statement-1 : An electron is passing through a field and
(b) Statement–1 is true, Statement–2 is True; Statement–2 is no force acts on it. The field may be magnetic.
NOT a correct explanation for Statement–1. Statement-2 : On charge magnetic force is zero if velocity
(c) Statement–1 is True; Statement–2 is False. is parallel to magnetic field.

(d) Statement–1 is False, Statement–2 is True. (a) A (b) B

(c) C (d) D
MAGNETISM 77

117. Statement-1 : A deuteron enters a strong magnetic field 123. Statement-1 : A loosely bound helix made of stiff wire is
along the field direction. Its path and velocity does not suspended vertically with lower end just touching dish
change. of mercury. When a current is passed through wire the
Statement-2 : A deuteron does not experience force by wire executes oscillatory motion with the lower end just
the action of the magnetic field. jumping out of and into mercury.
(a) A (b) B Statement-2 : When current is passed though helix, it
(c) C (d) D carries current in same direction and attractive pull pulls
the lower end out of mercury.
118. Statement-1 : A charged particle moves perpendicular to
(a) A (b) B
magnetic field. Its kinetic energy remains constant, but
momentum changes. (c) C (d) D
124. Statement-1 : When a charged particle is fired in a
Statement-2 : Magnetic force acts perpendicular to velocity
magnetic field the radius of the circular path is directly
of the particle.
proportional to kinetic energy of the particle.
(a) A (b) B
Statement-2 : The centripetal force on a charge q provided
(c) C (d) D by field will be qBv, where v is speed and B is the magnetic
field.
119. Statement-1 : Moving charge particle traces a helical path
(a) A (b) B
in a uniform magnetic field provided axis of the helix is
perpendicular to magnetic field. (c) C (d) D

Statement-2 : If a moving charged particle enters 125. Statement-1 : The poles of a magnet cannot be separated
by breaking into two pieces.
perpendicularly into a region of magnetic field from
outside, it does not complete circular path. Statement-2 : When magnet is broken into two equal parts,
magnetic moment will be reduced to half.
(a) A (b) B
(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D
(c) C (d) D
120. Statement-1 : A charged particle is moving in a circular
path with constant speed in uniform magnetic field .If we 126. Statement-1 : Magnetic field at a point on the surface of
increase the speed of the particle three times its long cylindrical wire is maximum.
acceleration will become nine times. Statement-2 : For any other point closed loop
Statement-2 : In a circular path with constant speed, perpendicular to the wire and of radius equal to distance
between axis of the wire and given point will enclose less
v2
acceleration is given by . current.
R
(a) A (b) B
(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D
(c) C (d) D
127. Statement-1 : A charged particle is projected into a region
121. Statement-1 : Cyclotron is a device which is used to
of magnetic field with certain speed. The kinetic energy
accelerate the positive ions.
of the charge particle will remain constant.
Statement-2 : Cyclotron frequency does not depend on
Statement-2 : Work done by the magnetic field on the
the velocity of the charged particle.
charged particle will be zero.
(a) A (b) B
(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D
(c) C (d) D
122. Statement-1 : A solenoid tends to expand, when a current
128. Statement-1 : A linear solenoid carrying current is
passes through it.
equivalent to a bar magnet.
Statement-2 : Two straight parallel metallic wires carrying
current in opposite direction repel each other. Statement-2 : The magnetic lines of both are identical.

(a) A (b) B (a) A (b) B

(c) C (d) D (c) C (d) D

 MAGNETISM 78

129. Statement-1 : A proton moving vertically upwards enters B

a magnetic field directed towards South. It will be deflected
towards east.
Statement-2 : Direction of force can be determined by
Fleming’s left hand rule. (a) –20 +20 x

(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D
130. Statement-1 : The magnetic field at the ends of a very B
long solenoid carrying current is half of that at the centre
deep inside the solenoid.
Statement-2 : If the solenoid is sufficient long the field x
(b) –20 +20
within it is uniform.
(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D
B
131. Statement-1 : A magnetic field interacts with a moving
charge and not with stationary charge.
Statement-2 : A moving charge produces a magnetic field
around it. (c) –20 +20 x
(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D
Comprehension B
Passage : 1
Using the following Passage, solve Q. 132 to 134
Two long parallel wires, a distance 60 cm apart, carrying (d) –20 +20 x
equal current I=2 A in opposite direction.
132. The magnetic field at a point mid way between the wires
is
Passage 2
(a) 1.3 T (b) 1.45 T Using the following Passage, solve Q. 135 to 137
Two long straight thin parallel wires carry current 2.5 ampere
(c) 1.83 T (d) 2.3T
and I ampere in the same direction (into the plane of the
133. Magnetic field at a point on perpendicular bisector of paper). These wires are held at P and Q positions
smallest line segment joining two given wires, 40 cm from respectively such that they are perpendicular to the plane
the midpoint is of the paper. The point P and Q are located at a
perpendicular distance of 5m and 2m from a collinear point
(a) 0.3 T (b) 0.96 T R. An electron moving with a velocity of 4 × 105 m/s along
positive x­axis direction experiences a force of magnitude
(c) 1.3 T (d) 1.45 T
3.2 × 10–20 N at the point R.
134. Select the correct magnetic field versus distance graph.
The distance x is the distance of a point, lying in the
plane of the wires, from a line which is the middle of the
wires parallel to and coplanar with the wires
 MAGNETISM 79

135. What is the magnitude of the magnetic field at the point R. Passage – 4
(a) 2.5 × 10–4 T (b) 2.5 × 10–5 T Using the following Passage, solve Q. 141 to 143

(c) 5 × 10–4 T (d) 5 × 10–7 T Curves in the graph given, as functions of radial distance r,
the magnitude B of the magnetic field inside and outside
136. What is unknown current I in wire Q. four long wires a, b, c and d, carrying currents that are
(a) 2A (b) 3A uniformly distributed across the cross­sections of the wires.
Overlapping portions of the plots are indicated by double
(c) 4A (d) 5 A
labels.
137. The magnitude of the magnetic field at point R due to current
of 2.5 A in wire P is
(a) 2 × 10–7 T (b) 2.5 × 10–7 T
(c) 4 × 10–7 T (d) 1.0 × 10–7 T
Passage 3
Using the following Passage, solve Q. 138 to 140
Consider the arrangement shown in the figure .The loop
carries the current I.

a O
2 141. Which wire has the greatest radius

a (a) a (b) b
1
(c) c (d) d

3 6 142. Which wire has the greatest magnitude of the magnetic field
on the surface
5 a
(a) a (b) b
4
(c) c (d) d
a
143. The current density in wires a is
138. Total magnetic field at point O due to wire 1 and 2 is (a) greater than in wire c
8 I 8 I (b) less than in wire c
(a) 7  10 (b) 3.5  10
a a (c) equal to that in wire c

8 I 8 I (d) not comparable to that of in wire c due to lack of information

(c) 14  10 (d) 15  10
a a Passage–5
139. Total magnetic field due to wire 3 at the point O is Using the following Passage, solve Q. 144 to 146
A particle having a charge q and mass m is projected from
8 I 8 I 
(a) 3.5  10 (b) 7  10 origin with velocity v  v0iˆ in a uniform magnetic
a a
 B0 ˆ 3B0 ˆ
I I
(c) 15  10
8
(d) 77  10
8
field B  i j.
a a 2 2
140. Total magnetic field due to wire 1 and 6 at the point O is 147. Pitch of the helical path described by the particle is

8 I 8 I 2 mv0  mv0
(a) 7  10 (b) 14  10 (a) (b)
a a qB qB0

8 I 8 I 5 mv0 6mv0
(c) 27  10 (d) 35 10 (c) (d)
a a qB qB
 MAGNETISM 80

152. In figure, an external torque changes the orientation of loop

3v0
148. z­component of velocity is after time t = from one of lowest potential energy to one of highest potential
2 energy. The work done by the external torque is closest to
__________
(a) 0.5 J (b) 0.2 J
2 m m
(a) (b) (c) 0.3 J (d) 0.4 J
B 0q B0 q
Passage - 7
m 2m
(c) (d) 4B q Using the following Passage, solve Q. 153 to 157
2 B0 q 0
Any object of finite size contains a large number of atoms.
149. Maximum z–coordinate of the particle is The magnetic moments of these atoms are randomly oriented
and there is no net magnetic moment in any volume of the
3mv0 2 3mv0
(a) (b) material that contains more than several thousand atoms
B0 q B0 q
(figure a). However, when the material is kept in an external
magnetic field, torques act on the atomic dipoles and these
2mv0 mv0
(c) (d) B q torques try to align them parallel to the field (figure b). The
B0 q 0
alignment is only partial, because, the thermal motion of the
Passage – 6 atoms frequently changes the orientation of the atoms and
Using the following Passage, solve Q. 150 to 152 hence tries to randomize the magnetic moments. The degree
of alignment increases if the strength of the applied field is
A rigid circular loop has a radius of 0.20 m and is in the x­y
increased and also if the temperature is decreased. With
plane. A clockwise current I is carried by the loop, as shown.
sufficiently strong fields, the alignment is near perfect.
The magnitude of the magnetic moment of the loop is 0.75
2
A­m . A uniform external magnetic field, B = 0.20 T in the
positive x­direction, is present

When the atomic dipoles are aligned, partially or fully, thre

is a net magnetic moment in the direction of the field in any
small volume of the material. We define the magnetization

vector I as the magnetic moment per unit volume. It is also
called the intensity of magnetization. With this information,
answer the questions on magnetic materials.
150. In figure, the magnitude of the magnetic torque exerted on
153. The number of atoms per unit volume in a sample of iron is
the loop is closest to
9 × 1028 atoms/m3.The magnetic moment of every iron atom
(a) 0.55 N­m (b) 0.15 N­m is 1.5 × 10­23 A.m2.If all the dipoles are aligned in a domain
(c) 0.45 N­m (d) 0.35 N­m due to ferromagnetic interaction then the magnetization of
151. In figure the loop is released from rest. The initial motion of iron rod of length 10 cm and area of cross section 1 cm2 will
the loop is described by be

(a) point a moves out of the plane, point c moves into the (a)1.35×106 A/m (b) 1.8×103 A/m
plane (c) 2.8×103 A/m (d) 3.8×103 A/m
(b) points a, b, c and d move counterclockwise 154. In the above problem, the magnetic moment of the rod will
(c) point a, b, c and d move clockwise be
(a) 3.24 A.m2 (b) 13.5 A.m2
(d) point c moves out of the plane, point a moves into the
plane (c) 11.5 A.m2 (d) 1.87 A.m2
 MAGNETISM 81

155. The pole strength of the rod will be 159. A square current carrying loop is placed in x­y plane, a

(a) 2.5 A.m (b) 3.1A.m uniform magnetic field B  B0 k is present in the
(c) 13.5 A.m (d) none of these region.Match the column 1 with column II
156. The product of magnetic moment and magnetic induction Column–I Column–II
is equivalent to
(a) Magnetic moment of the loop (P) Zero
(a) magnetizing field (b) force
(b) Torque on the loop (Q) Minimum
(c) work (d) power
(c) Potential energy of the loop (R) Stable
157. If the rod is placed in a magnetic field of 1000 gauss
(d) Equilibrium of the loop (S) Along z­ axis
perpendicular to its axis, then torque acting on it will be
160. Column II gives force expression for current carrying wire
(a) 1.35 N.m (b) 2.31 N.m shown in Column I. Match them correctly.
(c) 1.26 N.m (d) 8.7 N.m Column–I Column–II
Match the following
158. A negative charged particle of mass ‘m’ having charge q
 (A) (P) 2BiR
enters in magnetic field B  B0 kˆ at point P (3m, 0, 0) with

velocity v0  3jˆ  4k,
ˆ at t = 0 as shown in the figure [Given

m
(B) (Q) zero
B0 q = 1] [No other field is present]

(C) (R) BiR

(D) (S) 2BiR

161. Two long parallel wires carrying equal currents in

opposite directions are placed at x = ± a parallel to y axis
Now match the following :
with z = 0 then match correctly column 1 with Column 2
Column–I Column–II
Column I Column II
(A) Pitch of the motion (P)  
3sin t ˆi  3cos t ˆj unit
0 I
(A) Magnetic field B1 at origin (0, 0, 0) (P)
of particle a

24
(B)
25
× Radius of (Q)  3cos t ˆi  3sin t ˆj unit (B) Magnetic field B2 at P(2a, 0, 0) (Q)
0 I
4a
curvature of particle during
motion at time t = t sec. 0 I
(C) Magnetic field B3 at M(a, 0, 0) (R)
(C) Velocity component (R) 8 unit 3a
of particle in xy­plane 0 I
(D) Acceleration of particle (S) Constant (D) Magnetic field B4 at N(–a, 0, 0) (S)
2a
 MAGNETISM 82

162. Regarding the trajectory of a charged particle, when particle 166. A particle of mass 1 × 10–26 kg and charge +1.6 × 10–19 C
experiences Lorentz force, match following correctly from travelling with a velocity of 1.28 × 106 m/s in the positive
column 1 with Column 2 x­direction enters a region in which a uniform electric field E
Column I Column II and a uniform magnetic field of induction B are present such
(A) In Electric field only (P) Helical path that Ex = Ey =0, Ez = – 102.45 kV/mand Bx = Bz = 0, By =8 × 10–2 T. The
(B) In Magnetic field only (Q) Straight line path particle enters this region at t = 0. Determine the location of
the particle at t = 5 s.
(C) In mutually perpendicular (R) Circular path
167. A coil carrying a current of i = 10 mA is placed in uniform
fields, charge at rest magnetic field so that its axis coincides with the field
(D) In cross fields (S) Cycloidal path direction. The coil consists of only one turn and is made of
(T) Parabolic path copper. The diameter of the wire is 0.1 mm, the radius of coil
is R = 3 cm. At what value of external field B will the coil
Integer Type Questions rupture. [in 103]
163. A wire PQ of mass 10 g is at rest on two parallel metal rails.
Breaking stress = 3 × 108 N/m2
The separation between the rails is 4.9 cm. A magnetic field
of 0.80 Tesla is applied perpendicular to the plane of the 168. A cyclotron’s oscillator frequency is 10 MHz if the radius
rails. The resistance of the circuit is slowly decreased. When of its Dee is 60 cm .What is kinetic energy (in MeV) of the
proton beam produced by the accelerator.
the resistance decreases to below 20 , the wire PQ begins
to slide on the rails. Calculate the coefficient of friction 169. Protons having a kinetic energy of 5 MeV are moving in the
between the wire and the rails. [in 10–2] positive x­direction and enter a magnetic field

B =  0.0500 kˆ  T directed out of plane of paper and

extending from x = 0 to x = 1 m as shown. Calculate the
y­component of the proton’s momentum as they leave the
magnetic field. [in 10–21]

164. A copper wire having resistance of 0.01 ohm in each meter is

used to wind a 400 turn solenoid of radius of radius 1 cm and
length of 20 cm. What is the e.m.f? , in volt, of the ideal
battery which when connected across the solenoid will cause
a magnetic field of 10­2 tesla near the centre of the solenoid.
165. What is magnitude of magnetic field (B × 10–6 T) at O of the 170. A long horizontal wire AB which is free to move in a vertical
reference frame if the wire carrying current i = 10 A has the plane and carries a current of 20A is in equilibrium at a height
shape shown. The radius of curve part is R = 10 cm. The of 1m over another parallel wire CD which is fixed in a
linear part of wire are very long. horizontal plane and carries a steady current of 40 A. When
wire AB is slightly depressed, it executes SHM. What is
z­axis
period of oscillation. (g = 9.84 ms–2)

O y­axis

is
ax
x­
 MAGNETISM 83

EXERCISE - 4 : PREVIOUS YEAR JEE ADVANCED QUESTIONS

IIT-JEE Questions
6. No net force acts on a rectangular coil carrying a steady
1. A neutron, a proton and an electron and alpha particle
current when suspended freely in a uniform magnetic field.
enter a region of constant magnetic field with equal
velocities. The magnetic field is along the inward normal (JEE 1981)
to the plane of the paper. The tracks of the particles are 7. There is no change in the energy of a charged particle
labelled in figure. The electron follows track......... and the moving in magnetic field although a magnetic force is acting
alpha particle follows track........... (JEE 1984) on it. (JEE 1983)
8. A charged particle enters a region of uniform magnetic
× × × × × × ×
C field at an angle of 85° to the magnetic line of force. The
×B × × × × × × path of the particle is a circle. (1983)
× A× × × × × × 9. An electron and proton are moving with the same kinetic
× × × × × × × energy along the same direction. When they pass through
× × × × × × × a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the direction of
D
× × × × × × × their motion, they describe circular path of the same radius.
(JEE 1985)
2. A wire of length L metres carrying a current i amperes is
Single Answer Questions
bent in the form of circle. The magnitude of its magnetic
moment is ......... in MKS units. (JEE 1987) 10. A conducting circular loop of radius r carries a constant

3. In a hydrogen atom, the electron moves in an orbit of current i. It is placed in a uniform magnetic field B0 such
16
radius 0.5 Å making 10 revolutions per second. The 
magnetic moment associated with the orbital motion of that B0 is perpendicular to the plane of the loop. The
the electron is ......... (JEE 1988) magnetic force acting on the loop is (JEE 1983)
4. The wire loop PQRSP formed by joining two semicircular  
(a) ir B0 (b) 2ir B0
wires of radii R1 and R2 carries a current I as shown.
The magnitude of the magnetic induction at the centre C 
is .......... (JEE 1988) (c) zero (d) ir B0

11. A rectangular loop carrying a current i is situated near a

long straight wire such that the wire is parallel to one of
the sides of the loop and is in the plane of the loop. If
R2 R1 steady current I is established in the wire as shown in the
figure, the loop will (JEE 1985)
S R C Q P
5. A wire ABCDEF (with each side of length L) bent as shown i
in figure and carrying a current I is placed in a uniform
magnetic induction B parallel to the positive y­direction. i
The force experienced by the wire is .......... in the ..........
direction. (JEE 1990)

(a) rotate about an axis parallel to the wire

(b) move away from the wire
(c) move towards the wire
(d) remain stationary
MAGNETISM 84

12. Two thin long parallel wires separated by a distance b are of the magnetic moment of the system and its angular
carrying a current i ampere each. The magnitude of the momentum about the centre of the rod is
force per unit length exerted by one wire on the other is (JEE 1998)
(JEE 1986) (a) q/2m (b) q/m

0i 2 0i 2 (c) 2q/m (d) q/m

(a) (b)
b2 2b 18. Two very long straight parallel wires carry steady currents
I and –I respectively. The distance between the wires is d.
0i  0i At a certain instant of time, a point charge q is at a point
(c) (d) equidistant from the two wires in the plane of the wires. Its
2b 2 b 2
instantaneous velocity v is perpendicular to this plane.
13. Two particles X and Y having equal charges, after being
The magnitude of the force due to the magnetic field acting
accelerated through the same potential difference, enter a
on the charge at this instant is (JEE 1998)
region of uniform magnetic field and describe circular paths
of radii R1 and R2 respectively. The ratio of the mass of X 0 Iqv 0 Iqv
to that of Y is (JEE 1988) (a) (b)
2d d
1/2
(a) (R1/R2) (b) R2/R1
2 20 Iqv
(c) (R1/R2) (d) R1/R2 (c) (d) zero
d
14. A current I flows along the length of an infinitely long,
straight, thin­walled pipe. Then (JEE 1993) 19. A charged particle is released from rest in a region of steady
and uniform electric and magnetic fields which are parallel to
(a) the magnetic field at all points inside the pipe is the
each other. The particle will move in a (JEE 1999)
same, but not zero
(a) straight line (b) circle
(b) the magnetic field at any point inside the pipe is zero
(c) helix (d) cycloid
(c) the magnetic field is zero only on the axis of the pipe
20. An infinitely long conductor PQR is bent to form a right
(d) the magnetic field is different at different points inside
angle as shown in figure. A current I flows through PQR.
the pipe
The magnetic field due to this current at the point M is H1.
15. A battery is connected between two pints A and B on the Now, another infinitely long straight conductor QS is
circumference of a uniform conducting ring of radius r and connected at Q, so that current is I/2 in QR as well as in QS,
resistance R. One of the arcs AB of the ring subtends an the current in PQ remaining unchanged. The magnetic field
angle  at the centre. The value of the magnetic induction at M is now H2. The ratio H1/H2 is given by
at the centre due to the current in the ring is
(JEE 2000)
(JEE 1995)
(a) proportional to (180° – ) (b) inversely proportional to r M
(c) zero, only if (= 180°) (d) zero for all values of 
16. A proton, a deutron and an ­particle having the same
kinetic energy are moving in circular trajectories in a
constant magnetic field. If rp, rd and r denote respectively 90º
the radii of the trajectories of these particles, then –
P I Q S
(JEE 1997) 90º

(a) r = rp < rd (b) r > rd > rp

R
(c) r = rd > rp (d) rp = rd = r
17. Two particles, each of mass m and charge q, are attached –
to the two ends of a light rigid rod of length 2R. The rod is (a) 1/2 (b) 1
rotated at constant angular speed about a perpendicular
axis passing through its centre. The ratio of the magnitudes (c) 2/3 (d) 2
MAGNETISM 85

21. An ionized gas contains both positive and negative ions. 24. A non­planar loop of conducting wire carrying a current I
If it is subjected simultaneously to an electric field along is placed as shown in the figure. Each of the straight
the +x­direction and a magnetic field along the sections of the loop is of length 2a. The magnetic field due
+z­direction, then (JEE 2000) to this loop at the point P (a, 0, a) points in the direction
(a) positive ions deflect towards +y­direction and negative (JEE 2001)
ions towards –y­direction
z
(b) all ions deflect towards +y­direction
y
(c) all ions deflect towards –y­direction
(d) positive ions deflect towards –y­direction and
negative ions towards –y­direction
22. A particle of charge q and mass m moves in a circular orbit
x
of radius r with angular speed . The ratio of the magnitude
of its magnetic moment to that of its angular momentum
depends on (JEE 2000)
(a) and q (b) , q and m 1 1
(c) q and m (d) and m
(a)
2

 ˆj  kˆ  (b)
3

 ˆj  kˆ  ˆi 
23. Two long parallel wires are at a distance 2d apart. They
1 ˆ ˆ ˆ 1 ˆ ˆ
carry steady equal currents flowing out of the plane of the (c)
3

i  j k  (d)
2

ik 
paper as shown. The variation of the magnetic field B
along the line XX  is given by (JEE 2000) 25. A coil having N turns is wound tightly in the form of a
spiral with inner and outer radii a and b respectively. When
a current I passes through the coil, the magnetic field at
the centre is (JEE 2001)
(a) 0 NI 2  0 NI
(a) (b)
b a

d d  0 NI b 0 IN b
(c) 2  b  a  ln a (d) 2  b  a  ln a

26. Two particles A and B of masses mA and mB respectively

and having the same charge are moving in a plane. A
(b) x x'
uniform magnetic field exists perpendicular to this plane.
The speeds of the particles are vA and vB respectively and
the trajectories are as shown in the figure. Then
d d
(JEE 2001)

A
B
(c) x x'

d d
(a) mAvA < mBvB
d d
(d) x x' (b) mAvA > mBvB
(c) mA < mB and vA < vB
(d) mA = mB and vA = vB
MAGNETISM 86

27. A long straight wire along the z­axis carries a current i in the (a) contract (b) expand

negative z­direction. The magnetic vector field B at a point (c) move towards +ve x­axis
having coordinate (x, y) on the z = 0 plane is (JEE 2002)
(d) move towards –ve x­axis

(a)

 0 I y ˆi  x ˆj  (b)
 
 0 I x ˆi  y ˆj 31. A current carrying loop is placed in a uniform magnetic
field in four different orientations, I, II, III and IV, arrange
2  x 2
y 2
 2  x 2
y 
2
them in the decreasing order of potential energy
(JEE 2003)

 0 I x ˆj  y ˆi  
 0 I x ˆi  y ˆj 
(c) (d)
2  x 2
 y2  2  x 2
 y2 
28. A particle of mass m and charge q moves with a constant n^ B B
velocity v along the positive x­direction. It enter a region
containing a uniform magnetic field B directed along the n^
negative z­direction, extending from x = a to x = b. The (I) (II)
minimum value of v required so that the particle can just
enter the region x > b is (JEE 2002) n^

qbB q b  a B B B
(a) (b) ^
m m n
(III) (IV)
qaB q b  a B
(c) (d)
m 2m (a) I > III > II > IV
29. For a positively charged particle moving in a x­y plane (b) I > II > III > IV
initially along the x­axis, there is a sudden change in its (c) I > IV > II > III
path due to the presence of electric and/or magnetic fields
(d) III > IV > I > II
beyond P. The curved path is shown in the x­y plane and
32. An electron moving with a speed u along the positive
is found to be non­circular. (JEE 2003)
x­axis at y = 0 enters a region of uniform magnetic field
y 
B   B0 kˆ which exists to the right of y­axis. The electron
exists from the region after sometime with the speed v at
P co­ordinate y, then (JEE 2004)
x
O
y
× × × ×
Which one of the following combinations is possible ? × × × ×
    e– u × × × ×
(a) E  0; B  b ˆj  c kˆ (b) E  a ˆi ; B  ckˆ  a ˆi × × × × x
    × × × ×
(c) E  0; B  c ˆj  b kˆ (d) E  a ˆi ; B  ckˆ  b ˆj × × × ×
× × × ×
30. A conducting loop carrying a current I is placed in a uniform
magnetic field pointing into the plane of the paper as (a) v > u, y < 0 (b) v = u, y > 0
shown. The loop will have a tendency to (JEE 2003)
(c) v > u, y > 0 (d) v = u, y < 0
Y 
B 33. A magnetic field B  B0ˆj exists in the region a < x < 2a
× 
and B  B0ˆj , in the region 2a < x < 3a, where B0 is a positive
X constant. A positive point charge moving with a velocity

v  v0ˆi , where v0 is a positive constant, enters the
I
magnetic field at x = a. The trajectory of the charge in this
region can be like (JEE 2007)
 MAGNETISM 87

B0 36. A metallic rod of length l is tied to a string of length 2l and

made to rotate with angular speed  on a horizontal table
with one end of the string fixed. If there is a vertical magnetic
0 a x field B in the region, the emf induced across the ends of the
2a 3a
rod is (2013)
– B0

z z
a 2a 3a
x x
(a) a 2a 3a (b)

2B 3 3B 3
(a) (b)
z z 2 2
a 2a 3a 4B  2 5B 2
x x (c) (d)
(c) a 2a 3a (d) 2 2
PASSAGE
34. Which of the field patterns given in the figure is valid for The figure shows a circular loop of radius a with two long
electric field as well as for magnetic field ? (2011) parallel wires (numbered 1 and 2) all in the plane of the
paper. The distance of each wire from the centre of the loop
is d. The loop and the wires are carrying the same current I.
The current in the loop is in the counterclockwise direction
(a) (b) if seen from above.

(c) (d)

35. A long insulated copper wire is closely wound as a spiral of

N turns. The spiral has inner radius a and outer ratius b. The
spiral lies in the X–Y plane and a steady current I flows 37. When d  a but wires are not touching the loop. It is found
through the wire. The Z–component of the magnetic field at that the net magnetic field on the axis of the loop is zero at a
the centre of the spiral is (2011) height h above the loop. In that case (2014)
(a) current in wire 1 and wire 2 is the direction PQ and RS,
respectively and h  a
(b) current in wire 1 and wire 2 is the direction PQ and SR,
respectively and h  a
(c) current in wire 1 and wire 2 is the direction PQ and SR,
 0 NI b 0 NI ba  respectively and h  1.2a
(a) 2  b  a  n  a  (b) 2  b  a  n  b  a 
   
(d) current in wire 1 and wire 2 is the direction PQ and RS,
 0 NI  b   0 NI  b  a  respectively and h  1.2a
(c) 2 b n  a  (d) 2 b n  b  a 
   
 MAGNETISM 88

38. Consider d >> a, and the loop is rotated about its diameter 40. Consider two different metallic strips (1 and 2) of same
parallel to the wires by 30o from the position shown in the dimensions (length l, width w and thickness d) with carrier
figure. If the currents in the wires are in the opposite densities n1 and n2, respectively. Strip 1 is placed in magnetic
directions, the torque on the loop at its new position will be field B1 and strip 2 is placed in magnetic field B2, both along
(assume that the net field due to the wires is constant over positive y­directions. Then V1 and V2 are the potential
the loop) (2014) difference developed between K and M in strips 1 and 2,
respectively. Assuming that the current I is the same for
0 I2 a 2 0 I2 a 2 both the strips, the correct option(s) is(are). (2015)
(a) (b)
d 2d (a) If B1 = B­2 and n1 = 2n2, then V2 = 2 V1
(b) If B1 = B­2 and n1 = 2n2, then V2 = V1
0 I2 a 2 0 I2 a 2 (c) If B1 = 2B­2 and n1 = n2, then V2 = 0.5 V1
(c) (d)
d 2d
(d) If B1 = 2B­2 and n1 = n2, then V2 = V1
PASSAGE PASSAGE
In a thin rectangular metallic strip a constant current I flows A charged particle (electron or proton) is introduced at
along the positive x­direction, as shown in the figure. The the origin (x = 0, y = 0, z = 0) with a given initial velocity v .
length, width and thickness of the strip are l, w and d  
respectively. A uniform electric field E and a uniform magnetic field B

 exist everywhere. The velocity v , electric field E and
A uniform magnetic field B is applied on the strip along

the positively y­direction. Due to this, the charge carriers magnetic field B are given in columns 1, 2 and 3
experience a net deflection along the z­direction. This result respectively. The quantities E0, B0 ae positive in magnitude.
in accumulation of charge carriers on the surface PQRS Column - 1 Column - 2 Column - 3
and appearance of equal and opposite charges on the face  E0     
opposite to PQRS. A potential difference along the z­ I. v  2 B x (i) E  E 0 z (P) B   Bx
0
direction is thus developed. Charge accumulation continues
until the magnetic force is balance by the electric force.  E 
0    
The current is assumed to be uniformly distribution on the II. v  B y (ii) E   E 0 y (Q) B   B0 x
0
cross­section of the strip and carried by electrons.
    
III. v  0 (iii) E   E 0 x (R) B   B0 y

 E0     
IV. v  2 B y (iv) E  E 0 x (S) B   B0 z
0

41. In which case will the particle move in a straight line with
constant velocity? (2017)

39. Consider two different metallic strips (1 and 2) of the same (a) (IV) (i) (S) (b) (III) (ii) (R)
material. Their lengths are the same, widths are w1 and w2 (c) (III) (iii) (P) (d) (II) (iii) (S)
and thicknesses are d1 and d2 respectively. Two points K 42. In which case would the particle move in a straight line
and M are symmetrically located on the opposite faces along the negative direction of y­axis (i.e., move along
parallel to the x­y plane (see figure). V1 and V2 are the

potential difference between K and M in strips 1 and 2,  y )? (2017)
respectively. Then, for a given current I flowing through
them in a given magnetic field strength B, the correct (a) (III) (ii) (P) (b) (III) (ii) (R)
statement(s) is(are). (2015) (c) (IV) (ii) (S) (d) (II) (iii) (Q)
(a) If w1 = w­2 and d1 = 2d2, then V2 = 2 V1 43. In which case will the particle describe a helical path with
(b) If w1 = w­2 and d1 = 2d2, then V2 = V1 axis along the positive z direction? (2017)
(c) If w1 = 2w­2 and d1 = d2, then V2 = 2 V1 (a) (III) (iii) (P) (b) (II) (ii) (R)
(d) If w1 = 2w­2 and d1 = d2, then V2 = V1 (c) (IV) (ii) (R) (d) (IV (i) (S)
MAGNETISM 89

Multiple Answer Questions

infinitely long wire kept perpendicular
44. A proton moving with a constant velocity passes through to the paper carrying current inwards
C
a region of space without any change in its velocity. If E B
and B represent the electric and magnetic fields I1
I2
respectively, this region of space may have (JEE 1985) O O'
(a) E = 0, B = 0 (b) E = 0, B  0
(c) E  0, B = 0 (d) E  0, B  0 A
D
45. A particle of charge +q and mass m moving under the
(a) net force on the loop is zero
influence of a uniform electric field E ˆi and uniform
(b) net torque on the loop is zero
magnetic field Bkˆ follows a trajectory from P to Q as (c) loop will rotate clockwise about axis OO’when seen
from O
shown in figure. The velocities at P and Q are v ˆi and
(d) loop will rotate anticlockwise about OO’ when seen
 2 ˆj . Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct ? from O
(JEE 1991) 48. A particle of mass m and charge q, moving with velocity v
enters Region II normal to the boundary as shown in the
y figure. Region II has a uniform magnetic field B perpendicular
P v E to the plane of the paper. The length of the Region II is l.
Choose the correct choice(s). (2008)
B
a

Q
x
2a 2v

3  mv 2  qB
(a) E   
4  qa  (a) The particle enters Region III only if its velocity v 
m

qB
3  mv3  (b) The particle enters Region III only if its velocity v 
(b) Rate of work done by the electric field at P is 4   m
 a 
(c) Path length of the particle in Region II is maximum when
(c) Rate of work done by the electric field at P is zero
qB
(d) Rate of work done by both the fields at Q is zero velocity v 
m
+ + 2+
46. H , He and O all having the same kinetic energy pass (d) Time spent in Region II is same for any velocity v as
through a region in which there is a uniform magnetic field long as the particle returns to Region I
+ +
perpendicular to their velocity. The masses of H , He and
2+ 49. An electron and a proton are moving on straight parallel
O are 1 amu, 4 amu and 16 amu respectively. Then
(JEE 1994) paths with same velocity. They enter a semi­infinite region
+
(a) H will be deflected most of uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the velocity.
2+ Which or the following statement(s) is/are true ? (2011)
(b) O will be deflected most
+ 2+ (a) They will never come out of the magnetic field region
(c) He and O will be deflected equally
(d) all will be deflected equally (b) They will come out travelling along parallel paths

47. Which of the following statement is correct in the given (c) They will come out at the same time
figure. (JEE 2006) (d) They will come out at different times.
 MAGNETISM 90

50. A steady current I flows along an infinitely long hollow 53. Two infinitely long straight wires lie in the xy­plane along
cylindrical conductor of radius R. This cylinder is placed the lines x =  R. The wire located at x = +R carries a
coaxially inside an infinite solenoid of radius 2R. The constant current I1 and the wire located at x = –R carries a
constant current I2. A circular loop of radius R is sus­
solenoid has n turns per unit length and carries a steady
pended with its centre at (0, 0, 3R ) and in a plane par­
current I. Consider a point P at a distance r from the common
allel to the xy­plane. This loop carries a constant current
axis. The correct statement(s) is (are) I in the clockwise direction as seen from above the loop.
(a) In the region 0 < r < R, the magnetic field is non­zero The current in the wire is taken to be positive if it is in the
(b) In the region R < r < 2R, the magnetic field is along the j direction. Which of the following statements regard­

common axis ing the magnetic field B is (are) true ? (2018)
(c) In the region R < r < 2R, the magnetic field is tangential 
(a) If I1 = I2, then B cannot be equal to zero at the origin
to the circle of radius r, centered on the axis. (0, 0, 0)
(d) In the region r > 2R, the magnetic field is non­zero. 
(b) If I1 > 0 and I2 < 0, then B can be equal to zero at the
51. In terms of potential difference V, electric current I, origin (0, 0, 0)
permittivity , permeability  and speed of light c, the 
(c) If I1 < 0 and I2 > 0, then B can be equal to zero at the
dimensionally correct equation(s) is (are) (2015) origin (0, 0, 0)
(a) I = V (b) I = V (d) If I1 = I2, then the z­component of the magnetic field at
(c) I = cV (d) cI = V  0 I 
the centre of the loop is   
52. A rigid wire loop of square shape having side of length L  2R 
and resistance R is moving along the x­axis with a con­
stant velocity v0 in the plane of the paper. At t = 0, the Subjective Questions
right edge of the loop enters a region of length 3L where
there is a uniform magnetic field B0 into the plane of the 54. A potential difference of 600 V is applied across the plates
paper, as shown in the figure. For sufficiently large v0, the of a parallel plate condenser. The separation between the
loop eventually crosses the region. Let x be the location plates is 3 mm. An electron projected vertically, parallel to
6
of the right edge of the loop. Let v(x), I(x) and F(x) repre­ the plates, with a velocity of 2 × 10 m/s moves undeflected
sent the velocity of the loop, current in the loop, and between the plates. Find the magnitude and direction of
force on the loop, respectively, as a function of x. Counter­ the magnetic field in the region between the condenser
Clockwise current is taken as positive. (2016) plates. (Neglect the edge effects). (Charge of the electron
–19
= 1.6 × 10 C) (JEE 1981)

600 V
+ –
+ –
+ –
+ –
+ –
+ –
+ –
Which of the following schematic plot(s) is (are) correct?
(Ignore gravity)
–26 –19
55. A particle of mass 1 × 10 kg and charge +1.6 × 10 C
6
travelling with a velocity 1.28 × 10 m/s in the +X direction
enters a region in which a uniform electric field E and a
(a) (b) uniform magnetic field of induction B are present such
that Ex = Ey = 0, Ez = – 102.4 kV/m and Bx = Bz = 0,
–2 2
By = 8 × 10 weber/m . The particle enters this region at the
origin at time t = 0. Determine the location (x, y and z
–6
coordinates) of the particle at t = 5 × 10 s. If the electric
field is switched off at this instant (with the magnetic field
(c) (d)
still present), what will be the position of the particle at
–6
t = 7.45 × 10 s ? (JEE 1982)
MAGNETISM 91
–27
56. A particle of mass m = 1.6 × 10 kg and charge (b) The magnitude of the magnetic field of induction at the
–19
q = 1.6 × 10 C enters a region of uniform magnetic field point S.
of strength 1T along the direction shown in figure. The (c) The force per unit length on the wire B.
7
speed of the particle is 10 m/s. (JEE 1984)
59. A pair of stationary and infinitely long bent wires are placed in
× × × × × the xy plane as shown in figure. The wires carry currents of
× × × × × i = 10 A each as shown. The segments L and M are along the
× × × × × x­axis. The segments P and Q are parallel to the y­axis such that
× × × × ×
F × × × × × OS = OR = 0.02 m. Find the magnitude and direction of the
× × × × × magnetic induction at the origin O. (JEE 1989)
E × × × × ×
× × × × × y
45º
× × × × ×
× × × × ×
× × × × × i
Q
(a) The magnetic field is directed along the inward normal to L R M
x
the plane of the paper. The particle leaves the region of the i P O S i
field at the point F. Find the distance EF and the angle . i
(b) If the direction of the field is along the outward normal to
the plane of the paper, find the time spent by the particle
in the region of the magnetic field after entering it at E.
5 60. Two long parallel wires carrying currents 2.5 A and I
57. A beam of protons with a velocity 4 × 10 m/s enters a
uniform magnetic field of 0.3 T at an angle of 60° to the (amperes) in the same direction (directed into the plane of
magnetic field. Find the radius of the helical path taken by the paper) are held at P and Q respectively such that they
are perpendicular to the plane of paper. The points P and
the proton beam. Also find the pitch of the helix (which is
Q are located at a distance of 5 m and 2 m respectively
the distance travelled by a proton in the beam parallel to
from a collinear point R (see figure). (JEE 1990)
the magnetic field during one period of rotation).
(JEE 1986) P Q R
× × × X
58. Two long straight parallel wires are 2 m apart, perpendicular 2.5A IA 2m
to the plane of the paper. 5m

The wire A carries a current of 9.6 A, directed into the plane of (a) An electron moving with a velocity of 4 × 10 m/s along
5

the paper. The wire B carries a current such that the magnetic the positive x­direction experiences a force of magnitude
–20
10 3.2 × 10 N at the point R. Find the value of I.
field of induction at the point P, at a distance of m from the
11 (b) Find all the positions at which a third long parallel
wire B, is zero. (JEE 1987) wire carrying a current of magnitude 2.5 A may be
placed, so that the magnetic induction at R is zero.
A × 61. A wire loop carrying a current I is placed in the x­y plane
as shown in figure. (JEE 1991)
1.
6m

y
2m

M v

m O x
B 1.2
+Q
10/11m I 120º
P
P
a
Find :
(a) The magnitude and direction of the current in B. N
MAGNETISM 92

(a) If a particle with charge +Q and mass m is placed at the slightly depressed, it executes simple harmonic motion. Find
centre P and given a velocity v along NP (see figure), the period of oscillations. (JEE 1994)
find its instantaneous acceleration.
A B
 C D
(b) If an external uniform magnetic induction field B  Biˆ is
applied, find the force and the torque acting on the 65. An electron in the ground state of hydrogen atom is
loop due to this field. revolving in anticlockwise direction in a circular orbit of
62. A straight segment OC (of length L) of a circuit carrying radius R (see figure). (JEE 1996)
a current I is placed along the x­axis. Two infinitely long
B
straight wires A and B, each extending from z = –  to n
+ , are fixed at y = – a and y = + a respectively, as shown
in the figure. If the wires A and B each carry a current I 30º

into the plane of the paper, obtain the expression for the
force acting on the segment OC. What will be the force
on OC if the current in the wire B is reversed ?
(JEE 1992)

y (i) Obtain an expression for the orbital magnetic moment

of the electron.
B × (ii) The atom is placed in a uniform magnetic induction

O I C B such that the plane normal of the electron orbit
x
makes an angle of 30° with the magnetic induction.
Find the torque experienced by the orbiting electron.
A×
66. Three infinitely long thin wires, each carrying current i in
z
the same direction, are in the x­y plane of a gravity free
space. The central wire is along the y­axis while the other
63. An electron gun G emits electrons of energy 2 keV travelling two are along x = + d. (JEE 1997)
in the positive x­direction. The electrons are required to hit (a) Find the locus of the points for which the magnetic
the spot S where GS = 0.1 m, and the line GS make an angle field B is zero.
of 60° with the x­axis as shown in figure. A uniform magnetic
(b) If the central wire is displaced along the z­direction by

field B parallel to GS exists in the region outside the electron a small amount and released, show that it will execute
gun. Find the minimum value of B needed to make the simple harmonic motion. If the linear density of the
electrons hit S. (JEE 1993) wires is , find the frequency of oscillation.
67. A particle of mass m and charge q is moving in a region

where uniform, constant electric and magnetic fields E
  
and B are present. E and B are parallel to each other. At

time t = 0, the velocity v 0 of the particle is perpendicular

to E (Assume that its speed is always << c, the speed of
light in vacuum). Find the velocity v of the particle at time
64. A long horizontal wire AB, which is free to move in a vertical
t. You must express your answer in terms of t, q, m, the
plane and carries a steady current of 20 A, is in equilibrium   
at a height of 0.01 m over another parallel long wire CD vector v0 , E and B and their magnitudes v0, E and B.
which is fixed in a horizontal plane and carries a steady (JEE 1998)
current of 30 A, as shown in figure. Show that when AB is
MAGNETISM 93


68. A uniform constant magnetic field B is directed at an angle
of 45° to the x­axis in xy plane. PQRS is rigid square wire
frame carrying a steady current I0, with its centre at the L y
origin O. At time t = 0, the frame is at rest in the position M
shown in the figure with its sides parallel to x and y­axes. I x
Each side of the frame is of mass M and length L. N
I z
(JEE 1998)
K
y

I0 (a) A particle of charge q is released at the origin with a

S R
 
velocity v   v0ˆi . Find the instantaneous force F
x
on the particle. Assume that space is gravity free.
P Q
(b) If an external uniform magnetic field B0ˆj is applied
 
determine the force F1 and F2 on the semicircles KLM
(a) What is the magnitude of torque  about O acting on 
and KNM due to the field and the net force F on the
the frame due to the magnetic field ? loop.
(b) Find the angle by which the frame rotates under the 71. A current of 10 A flow around a closed path in a circuit
action of this torque in a short interval of time t and which is in the horizontal plane as shown in the figure.
the axis about which this rotation occurs (t is so The circuit consists of eight alternating arcs of radii
short that any variation in the torque during this r1 = 0.08 m and r2 = 0.12 m. Each subtends the same angle
interval may be neglected). Given : the moment of at the centre. (JEE 2001)
inertia of the frame about an axis through its centre
2
perpendicular to its plane is 4/3 ML .
69. The region between x = 0 and x = L is filled with uniform D
r2
C
steady magnetic field B0 kˆ . A particle of mass m, positive
A
charge q and velocity v0ˆi travels along x­axis and enters r1

the region of the magnetic field. (Neglect the gravity i

throughout the question) (JEE 1999)
(a) Find the value of L if the particle emerges from the
region of magnetic field with its final velocity at an (a) Find the magnetic field produced by this circuit at the
angle 30° to its initial velocity. centre.
(b) Find the final velocity of the particle and the time spent (b) An infinitely long straight wire carrying a current of 10
by it in the magnetic field, if the magnetic field now A is passing through the centre of the above circuit
expands upto 2.1 L.
vertically with the direction of the current being into
70. A circular loop of radius R is bent along a diameter and the plane of the circuit. What is the force acting on the
given a shape as shown in figure. One of the semicircles wire at the centre due to the current in the circuit ?
(KNM) lies in the x­z plane and the other one (KLM) in the
What is the force acting on the arc AC and the straight
y­z plane with their centres at origin. Current I is flowing
segment CD due to the current at the centre ?
through each of the semicircles as shown in figure.
(JEE 2000)
MAGNETISM 94

72. A rectangular loop PQRS made from a uniform wire has 75. A proton and an alpha particle, after being accelerated
length a, width b and mass m. It is free to rotate about the through same potential difference, enter uniform magnetic
arm PQ, which remains hinged along a horizontal line taken
field, the direction of which is perpendicular to their
as the y­axis (see figure). Take the vertically upward
velocities. Find the ratio of radii of the circular paths of the
direction as the z­axis. A uniform magnetic field
 two particles. (2004)
 
B  3iˆ  4 kˆ B0 exists in the region. The loop is held in
76. A moving coil galvanometer experiences torque = ki where i
the x­y plane and a current I is passed through it. The loop is current. If N coils of area A each and moment of inertia I is
is now released and is found to stay in the horizontal kept in magnetic field B. (2005)
position in equilibrium. (JEE 2002)
(a) Find k in terms of given parameters.
z

(b) If for current i deflection is , find out torsional constant
2
of spring.

P Q (c) If a charge Q is passed suddenly through the

y
galvanometer, find out maximum angle of deflection.
a 77. A steady current I goes through a wire loop PQR having
shape of a right angle triangle with PQ = 3x, PR = 4x and QR
x S R = 5x, If the magnitude of the magneitc field at P due to this
b

 0 I 
(a) What is the direction of the current I in PQ ? loop is k   , find the value of k. (2009)
 48x 
(b) Find the magnetic force on the arm RS.
78. In the xy­plane, the region y > 0 has a uniform magnetic
(c) Find the expression for I in terms of B0, a, b and m.
73. A ring of radius R having uniformly distributed charge Q field B1 k and the region y < 0 hasanother uniform magnetic
is mounted on a rod suspended by two identical strings.
The tension in strings in equilibrium is T0. Now a vertical field B2 k . A positively charged particle is projected from
magnetic field is switched on and ring is rotated at constant
angular velocity . Find the maximum  with which the the originalong the positive y­axis with speed v0   ms 1
ring can be rotated if the strings can withstand a maximum
at t = 0, as shown in the figure. Neglect gravity in this
3T0
tension of . (JEE 2003) problem. Let t = T be the time when the particle crosses the
2
x­axis from below for the first time. If B2 = 4B1, the average
74. A proton and an alpha particle, after being accelerated speed of the particle, in ms–1, along the x­axis in the time
through same potential difference, enter uniform magnetic
interval T is _________. (2018)
field the direction of which is perpendicular to their
velocities. Find the ratio of radii of the circular paths of the
two particles. (JEE 2004)
 MAGNETISM 95

Match the Column 81. Two wires each carrying a steady current I are shown in four
configuration in Column – I. Some of the resulting effects
79. Some laws/processes are given in Column-I. Match these
are described in Column – II. Match the statements in
with the physical phenomena given in Column-II.(2006) Column – I with the statements in Column – II. (JEE 2007)
Column – I Column – II Column – I Column – II
(A) Dielectric ring uniformly (p) Time independent (A) Point P is situated midway (P) The magnetic fields (B)
between the wires. at P due to the currents
charged electrostatic field out of
in the wires are in the
system same direction.
(B) Dielectric ring uniformly (q) Magnetic field
P
charged rotating with
angular velocity 
(B) Point P is situated at the (Q) The magnetic fields (B)
(C) Constant current in ring io (r) Induced electric field mid­point of the line joining at P due to the currents
the centres of the circular in the the wires are in
(D) i = io cos t (s) Magnetic moment
wires, which have same radii. opposite direction.
80. Column – I gives certain situations in which a straight metallic
wire of resistance R is used and Column – II gives some
resulting effects. Match the statements in Column – I with P
the statements in Column – II. (JEE 2007)
Column – I Column – II
(A) A charged capacitor is (P) A constant current
(C) Point P is situated at the (R) There is no magnetic
connected to flows the through the wire.
field mid­point of the line at P.
ends of the wire. joining the centres of the
(B) The wire is moved (Q) Thermal energy is circular wires, which have
perpendicular to its length generated in the wire. same radii.
with a constant velocity in
a uniform magnetic field P
perpendicular to
the plane of motion.
(C) The wire is placed in a (R) A constant potential (D) Point P is situated at the (S) The wires repel each
constant electric field that difference develops common centre of the wires. other.
has a direction along the between the ends of the
length of the wire. of the wire.
(D) A battery of constant emf (S) Charges of Constant P
is connected to the ends magnitude appear at
of the wire. the wire.


 MAGNETISM 96

ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE - 1 : BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (a)
9. (a) 10. (a) 11. (a) 12. (c) 13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (b) 16. (a)
17. (d) 18. (d) 19. (b) 20. (b) 21. (c) 22. (b) 23. (b) 24. (d)
25. (a) 26. (c) 27. (b) 28. (b) 29. (b) 30. (b) 31. (c) 32. (c)
33. (b) 34. (c) 35. (c) 36. (a) 37. (b) 38. (c) 39. (a) 40. (c)
41. (d) 42. (d) 43. (b) 44. (a) 45. (d) 46. (d) 47. (b) 48. (c)
49. (a) 50. (b) 51. (b) 52. (b) 53. (b) 54. (a) 55. (b) 56. (a)
57. (b) 58. (a) 59. (b) 60. (a) 61. (b) 62. (a) 63. (d) 64. (a)
65. (a) 66. (a) 67. (c) 68. (a) 69. (b) 70. (b) 71. (b) 72. (d)
73. (b) 74. (c) 75. (d) 76. (a) 77. (d) 78. (d) 79. (b) 80. (d)
81. (b) 82. (c) 83. (b) 84. (c) 85. (d) 86. (a) 87. (c) 88. (b)
89. (d) 90. (b) 91. (c) 92. (a) 93. (a) 94. (a) 95. (c) 96. (c)

EXERCISE - 2 : PREVIOUS YEAR JEE MAINS QUESTIONS

1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (c)
9. (d) 10. (a) 11. (a) 12. (b) 13. (b) 14. (a) 15. (a) 16. (c)
17. (d) 18. (a) 19. (a) 20. (a) 21. (d) 22. (c) 23. (a) 24. (b)
25. (b) 26. (c) 27. (d) 28. (a) 29. (a) 30. (c) 31. (c) 32. (d)
33. (a) 34. (b) 35. (b) 36. (a) 37. (b) 38. (d) 39. (d) 40. (a)
41. (b) 42. (b) 43. (c) 44. (b) 45. (c) 46. (a) 47. (c) 48. (a)
49. (b) 50. (a) 51. (c) 52. (d) 53. (b) 54. (b) 55. (a) 56. (c)
57. (b) 58. (a) 59. (a) 60. (a) 61. (a) 62. (d)

EXERCISE - 3 : ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (b) 6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (a)
9. (b) 10. (a) 11. (b) 12. (a) 13. (c) 14. (a) 15. (d) 16. (d)
17. (d) 18. (b) 19. (a) 20. (a) 21. (c) 22. (b) 23. (c) 24. (d)
25. (c) 26. (b) 27. (c) 28. (c) 29. (c) 30. (a) 31. (a,b) 32. (a)
33. (c) 34. (a) 35. (d) 36. (a) 37. (c) 38. (c) 39. (d) 40. (b)
41. (b) 42. (a) 43. (d) 44. (d) 45. (a) 46. (a) 47. (a) 48. (a)
49. (b) 50. (a) 51. (a) 52. (a) 53. (a) 54. (c) 55. (b) 56. (c)
57. (a) 58. (b) 59. (b) 60. (c) 61. (a) 62. (b) 63. (a) 64. (b)
65. (d) 66. (c) 67. (b) 68. (a) 69. (a) 70. (b) 71. (c) 72. (d)
73. (a) 74. (b) 75. (c) 76. (d) 77. (a) 78. (b) 79. (a) 80. (b)
81. (c) 82. (a, b) 83. (b,d) 84. (d) 85. (a) 86. (b, c) 87. (b,c,d) 88. (b,c)
89. (a, d) 90. (a, b) 91. (a, c) 92. (b, c, d) 93. (a, b, c) 94. (a, b) 95. (b, c) 96. (a, d)
97. (b, c) 98. (a, d) 99. (a, d) 100. (a, c) 101. (b, d) 102. (c, d) 103. (a, c, d) 104. (a, b, c)
105. (a, b, c) 106. (c, d) 107. (b, c) 108. (a, c, d) 109. (a, b) 110. (b, d) 111. (a, b, c) 112. (a)
113. (b) 114. (c) 115. (a) 116. (a) 117. (c) 118. (a) 119. (d) 120. (d)
 MAGNETISM 97

121. (b) 122. (d) 123. (a) 124. (d) 125. (b) 126. (c) 127. (a) 128. (a)
129. (a) 130. (b) 131. (b) 132. (d) 133. (b) 134. (b, c) 135. (d) 136. (c)
137. (d) 138. (a) 139. (a) 140. (b) 141. (c) 142. (a) 143. (a) 147. (b)
148. (c) 149. (a) 150. (b) 151. (a) 152. (c) 153. (a) 154. (b) 155. (d)
156. (c) 157. (a) 158. (A) – R, S ; (B) – S ; (C) – P ; (D) – Q 159. (A­S, B­P, C­Q, D­R)
160. (A) – Q ; (B) – P ; (C) – Q ; (D) – P 161. (A –P; B–R; C –Q; D – Q) 162. (A – Q,T; B – P,Q,R; C – S,D – Q)
163. (0012) 164. (0001) 165. (0027) 166. (0006) 167. (0008) 168. (0007) 169. (0008) 170. (0002)

EXERCISE - 4 : PREVIOUS YEAR JEE ADVANCED QUESTIONS

L2i 0I  1 1 
4. 4  R  R  (perpendicular to paper outwards)
–23 2
1. D, B 2. 3. 1.26 × 10 Am
4  1 2 

5. IlB, positive Z 6. T 7. T 8. F 9. F 10. (c) 11. (c)

12. (b) 13. (c) 14. (b) 15. (d) 16. (a) 17. (a) 18. (d) 19. (a)
20. (c) 21. (c) 22. (c) 23. (b) 24. (d) 25. (c, d) 26. (b) 27. (a)
28. (b) 29. (b) 30. (b) 31. (c) 32. (d) 33. (a) 34. (c) 35. (a)
36. (d) 37. (c) 38. (b) 39. (a, d) 40. (a, c) 41. (d) 42. (b) 43. (d)
44. (a, b, d) 45. (a, b, d) 46 (a, c) 47. (a, c) 48. (a, c, d) 49. (b, d) 50. (a, d) 51. (a, c)
52. (c,d) 53. (a, b, d) 54. 0.1 T (perpendicular to paper inwards) 55. (6.4 m, 0, 0), (6.4 m, 0, 2m)
–8 –2 –2
56. (a) 0.14 m, 45° ; (b) 4.712 × 10 s 57. 1.2 × 10 m, 4.37 × 10 m
–7 –6 –4
58. (a) 3 A, perpendicular to paper outwards ; (b) 13 × 10 T ; (c) 2.88 × 10 N/m 59. 10 T, perpendicular to paper outwards
60. (a) 4 A ; (b) At distance 1m from R to the left or right of it, current is outwards if placed to the left and inwards if placed to the right of R.

0.110 IQv ˆ   I2  2 2  ˆ
  62. F   0 ln  L  a  k,
2 –3
61. (a) j  3 ˆi ; (b) zero, (0.61 Ia B) ˆj 63. 4.73 × 10 T 64. 0.2 s
2am 2  a 2  zero
 

eh ehB   d i 0
65. (i) M  ; (ii)   , perpendicular to both M & B . 66. (a) x   , x = 0 ; (b) f 
4m 8m 3 2d 
 
  qB   q    qB   v0  B   3 I0 B
67. v  cos 
 m
t   v0   
 m
 
t  E  sin 

t
 m  B 
 68.   I0 L2 B ; (b)  
4 M
 t 2

mv0  m    
69. (a) L  ; (b) vf   v0ˆi, t AB  70. (a) F   0 qV0 I kˆ ; (b) F1  F2  2BIR ˆi, F  4BIR ˆi
2B0q B0 q 4R
–5 –6
71. (a) 6.54 × 10 T (Vertically upward or outward normal to the paper) ; (b) Zero, Zero, 8.1 × 10 N (inwards)

mg DT0 1 1
 
72. (a) P to Q ; (b) IbB0 3kˆ  4 ˆi ; (c) 6bB
0
73. max 
BQR 2
74.
2
75.
2

2BiNA BNA
76. (a) k = BNA, (b) K  ; (c) Q 77. (0007) 78. (2.00)
 2I
79. (A)  P ; (B)  P, Q, S ; (C)  Q, S ; (D)  Q, R, S 80. (A)  Q ; (B)  R, S ; (C)  S ; (D)  P, Q, R
81. (A)  Q, R ; (B)  P ; (C)  Q, R ; (D)  Q, S

Dream on !!
