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TLE
Agricultural Crop Production
Quarter 1 - Module 2:
Estimation and
Basic Calculations
 Lesson
Estimate of Materials and
1 Resources
Learning Objectives:

1. Identify the processes involved in the farming cycle

2. Follow procedures in reporting to appropriate person/s the estimate of
materials and resources

What’s In

Based on the previous lesson, name some farm tools and and its corresponding
use in farming.

Farm Tools Uses

1.
2.
3.

What’s New

FARMING IS WONDERFUL!!!

Have you visited a farm? What have you observed? What are the common
activities can you identify that the farmers do? Give action words that best describe
farming starting with the letter found in the word far. The first one is done for you.
F- fertilizing plants, fixing tool

A-

R-
M-

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 What is It

WHAT MAKES FARMING WONDERFUL???

Land Preparation

Harvest and
FARMING
Post Harvest Planting
CYCLE
Processes

Plant care

Farming cycle is the cycle of activities related to the growth and harvest of a
crop. The cycle starts with crop selection. The crop election process include
different laborious activities like surveying of prices of different crops, market
demand, sale potential, budget requirement, feasibility of the crop, and crop
productivity.

To produce higher crop yield, it depends on different farm activities. Farm

activities needed capital to finance cost of production such as farm inputs and
labor requirements essential in farming cycle. Every stages of farming cycle is
composed of different inputs, labor requirement, and workers. Some of the farm
input needs are the following: equipment, planting materials (seed, etc.), fertilizers,
and pesticides, etc.

The stages of crop management involved different services that needed farm
worker to do a task in production. The farm owner capital is relevant in the process
of farming cycle dependent on crop requirements. As we see in the table below is
the farm inputs, activities and worker to perform the task in the stages of farming
cycle/crop production.

Areas of Concern
I. FARM INPUTS
a). Planting materials
b). Pesticides (herbicides, insecticides, etc.)
c). Fertilizers
d).Sprayer
II. LAND AND PLANTING MATERIALS PREPARATION
a. Area (in hectare)
b. Crop (seeds)

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 c. Age of crop (in days)
d. Quantity of planting materials (in kgs)
e. Number of workers prepared the land
f. Number of days consumed in preparing the area
g. Amount of salary given to each worker during land preparation (in pesos)
III. PLANTING
a. Number of workers planted the area
b. Number of days consumed in planting the area
c. Amount of salary paid in planting the area (in pesos)
IV. PLANT CARE
a. Number of worker fertilized the area from planting up to the date of this
survey
b. Quantity of fertilizer used from planting up to the date where survey was
made
c. Amount of salary paid in applying fertilizer from planting to the date of this
survey
d. Quantity of fertilizer to be used after the survey until harvesting (in sacks)
e. Number of workers required to perform fertilization after the survey until
final harvesting
f. Amount of salary needed for fertilizer application after this survey until
harvesting
g. Estimated irrigation expenses from planting up to harvesting
h. Estimated workers hired to perform irrigation from planting to harvesting
i. Estimated days for spraying insecticides
j. Estimated workers needed for spraying insecticides
k. Estimated cost of insecticide used in spraying
l. Workers salary during spraying of insecticides
m. Estimated number of weeding operation
n. Estimated workers needed in weeding
o. Workers salary during weeding
IV. HARVEST and POST HARVEST PROCESSES
a. Estimated workers employ during harvesting
b. Estimated workers involved in hauling
c. Estimated workers involved in drying and storing

What’s More

ACTIVITY 1.1. LET’S MAKE A LIST!!!

A. Identify the materials/ inputs needed during the plant care stage in
producing corn.

1. ____________________ 2. _______________________ 3. __________________________

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 B. Classify the following labor requirements according to farm activities.
Choose your answer inside the box. Write your answer in a specified column of
farm activities.

Plowing, Harrowing, Spraying Insecticides, Clearing, Hand Pulling Of Seedlings,

Transplanting, Weeding At Vegetative Stage, Fertilizing, Applying Herbicides ,
Applying Fertilizer, Watering, Threshing, Drying, Direct Seeding, Levelling, Hauling
Of Harvested Products, Furrowing Of Land Area

Land and Planting Plant Care Harvesting and

Planting Postharvest Processes
materials
Preparation

What I Have Learned

ACTIVITY 1.2. LET’S SUMMARIZE…

Farm cycle involves land and planting materials preparation, ________________,
______________________, and __________________________.
Farm inputs like seed, _________________________, __________________________,
__________________________, are needed in the production of a crop.
Estimating the cost of production includes amount as payment for specified inputs,
__________________________, ___________________, _____________________ and etc.

What I Can Do

ACTIVITY 1.3. I CAN PLAN TO PLANT!!!

Make a plan to plant a hectare of vegetable of your choice. Identify the
materials/inputs needed and estimate cost for each stage planting. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Key Areas Specified Materials/ Estimated TOTAL
Labor/ Rentals of Cost per Item (pesos)
Equipment Needed (pesos)
Land and Planting
Materials Preparation
Planting
Plant Care
Harvesting and
Postharvest Processes
GRAND TOTAL

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 Lesson
Estimate of Farm Activities
2
Learning Objectives:
1. Perform estimations or calculations to be done according to the job
requirement
2. Perform estimation or calculation or of farm activities

What’s In

Let’s do some recall…

What are the stages involve in the farming cycle?

FARMING
CYCLE

What’s New
Let’s analyze these pictures…
Can you identify each picture below? What is the basic requirement to
complete each task?

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 What is It

How to determine the cost of your production?

The cost of production is the peso value of all your inputs in growing a
specific crop. To produce a hectare of corn, the inputs needed would include
a number of seed, fertilizer, labor, machinery and time. Each of these units
has a peso value. Add them up, and you have the cost production of the
crop.
Determining the cost of the production of your crop is very important on
knowing how well your farm business is doing. It enables you how to evaluate
how efficiently resources are being utilized, to predict how your business will
respond to specific changes, and how to make other useful decisions for
attaining your goals.

Perform Estimation on Farm Activities

Table 1 Shows data of farm activities estimating the cost for 1 hectare piece of land
preparation for rice for first cropping 2019-2020.
FARM NO. OF NO. QUANTITY LABOR TOTAL
ACTIVITIES WORKER COST (PESOS)
(PESOS)
Plowing 1 person four wheel hand tractor 1,800 1,80
construction and 4 persons 300 1,200
repair dikes
Harrowing four wheel tractor 1,600 1,600
field levelling man 100 1,000
animal
day
TOTAL 5,600
Table 2 Shows an example calculations of cost estimates for 1 hectare plant care
(crop management) fertilization for rice 2019 (first cropping).
Farm No. Quantity Cost Labor No. of TOTAL
Activities of (price) Cost Application (PESOS)
/Materials Worker per (PESOS)
Quantity
(PESOS)
applying 4 p 300/ 3 times 3,600
fertilizer person
Fertilizers (unit
sack)
complete 2 2,400
(14-14-4) 2 1,200 1,960
urea (45-0-0 2 980 2,120
0-0-60 1,060
TOTAL 10,080

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 What’s More

ACTIVITY 2.1 PAY ME MORE…

A. Table shows the data for estimating cost for farm irrigation installation. How much is the
total cost of the whole installation process?

Farm No. Quantity Cost Labor No. of TOTAL

Activities of (price) per Cost Application (PESOS)
/Materials Worker Quantity Per day
(PESOS) (PESOS)
well 1 25,000
Pump and 2 10,000
gearhead
Power unit 1 50,000
Installation 10 300
TOTAL

B. In plowing using tractor, if one hectare has a labor cost of P 1, 800.00. What is labor cost
for 3 hectares?

What I Have Learned

ACTIVITY 2.2 COMPLETE ME…

In performing estimations or calculations, the cost of inputs needed in

producing rice would include seeds,__________, ___________, __________, and
etc.

What I Can Do

ACTIVITY 2.3. FILL ME UP…

Estimate the cost of growing a one hectare corn. Present it on the prescribed
table below.

Farm No. Quantity Cost (price) Labor No. of TOTAL

Activities of per Cost Application (PESOS)
/Materials Worker Quantity Per day
(PESOS) (PESOS)

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 Lesson
Calculations
3
Learning Objectives:
1. Identify correct method of calculation
2. Follow system and units of measurement

What’s In

What are some examples of inputs or farm materials that require money for its
acquisition?

MONEY

What’s New

MATH ME UP!!!
Find the words related to number and shapes hidden in the puzzle.

F S Q U A R E M N
R M U L T I P L Y
A R E A O I T A R
C I R C L E F G A
T E S T I M A T E
I L A M I C E D Y
O T N E C R E P B
N S U B T R A C T
T R A P E Z I U M
D I V I S I O N A

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 What is It

WHAT’S MORE ABOUT NUMBERS?

Unit Conversion

It is very important to be able to understand measurements. The SI (Systems

International) system of units (often referred to as the metric system) is the official
system for measurements in nearly all countries of the world. A conversion factor is
a number used to change one set of units to another, by multiplying or dividing.
When conversion is necessary, the appropriate conversion factor to an equal value
must be used.

A unit cancellation table is developed by using known units, conversion

factors, and the fact that a unit of measure divided by the same unit. The table is set
up so all the units cancel except for the desired unit. To cancel out a unit, the same
unit must be in the numerator and in the denominator. When you multiply across
the table, the top number will be divided by the bottom number, and the result will
be the answer in the desired units.

In farming, we will only use the simplest and the common quantities and
units used by the farmers in computing the farm activities.

Conversion factors for fundamental quantities:

a. for length:1 m= 100 cm; 1000 m= 1km
b. for mass:1 kg= 1000g
c. for time: 1 min=60s; 1h=60min
Conversion factors for derived quantities:
a. for surface area:10000 m2 =1ha
b. for volume: 1m3=1000L

Let’s do some examples:

1. 50m = _____cm
50m x 100 cm = 500 x 100 cm =500 cm
1m 1
2. 5000 kg = ______ g
5000kg x 1000g (by definition) = 5000 x 1000 g = 5,000,000 g
1 kg
3. 2hr=______ s
2h x 60min x 60s = 7,200s
1 1min
4. 5000m2 = _____ha
5000m2 x 1ha = 5000 ha = ½ ha
10000m2 10000
5. 3m3= _____ L

3m3 x 1000L = 3000L

1m3

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WHY ARE SHAPES IMPORTANT?

A shape is defined as a form of an object or its outline, outer boundary, or

surface area. Farm lands come in different shapes.

Table 1 shows some names of some 2-D shapes (length L and width W), their
properties, formulas in finding surface area.

2-D SHAPES Description Area (A)

All the sides have the A (square or rectangle) =
same length. All angles length x width = l x w
1. square are right angle.

All angles are right A = length x width

angles (90˚). Opposite
2. rectangle sides have the same
lengths.
All the sides are have the A (rhombus ) = base x
same length. Diagonals height = b x h
3. rhombus bisect at right angles.

Opposite sides have the A (parallelogram) = base x

same lengths. height = b x h
4. parallelogram

A (trapezium) = 0.5 (base

+ top) x height =0.5 (b +
5. trapezium a) x h

Let’s do some calculations.

a. Calculate the surface areas of the rectangle and of the square.
formula:
1. Square: length = L=10 cm A=LxW
width = W = 10 cm = 10 cm x 10 cm = 100 cm2
2. Rectangle: length= L= 25 cm formula: A = L x W
width = W= 30 cm = 25 cm x 30 cm = 750 cm2
b. Calculate the surface areas of the rhombus and the parallelogram.
1. Rhombus: base = 2 cm height = 2 cm formula:
A = base x height
= 2 cm x 2 cm = 4 cm2
2. Parallelogram: base = 5cm height = 3 cm formula:
A = base x height
= 5 cm x 3 cm = 15cm2
c. Calculate the surface area of trapezium
base = 6 cm top = 3 cm height = 2 cm
formula: A =0.5 x (base + top) x height
= 0.5 x (6 cm + 3 cm) x 2 cm = 9 cm2

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Table 2 shows some area A of special shapes.

Let’s do some calculations.

a. Calculate the surface area of the triangle.
base = 4 cm height = 3 cm
Formula: A = 0.5 x base x height = 0.5 x 4 cm x 3 cm = 6 cm 2
b. Calculate the surface area of a circle.
Given Answer Circle: d =3 cm
formula 1: A = 1/4 ( x d²) = 1/4 (3.14 x d x d)
= 1/4 (3.14 x 3 cm x 3 cm) = 7.065cm2
formula 2: A= r2; r=.5d =.5 (3cm)= 1.5cm
=3.14 (1.5cm)2= 7.065cm2
VOLUME

A volume (V) is the content of a body or object. In the case of a box, it has a
certain length (l), width (w) and height (h). With these three data, the volume of the
box can be calculated as:

V (box) = length x width x height = l x w x h

Calculate the volume of the above box.

Given: length = 5 cm width = 4 cm height = 3 cm
Formula: V = length x width x height = 5 cm x 4 cm x 3 cm = 60 cm 3
The volume of this box is expressed in cubic centimeters (written as cm3). Volumes
can also be expressed in cubic decimeters (dm3), cubic meters (m3), etc.

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 What’s More

ACTIVITY 3.1 LET’S DO MORE ABOUT IT…

A. Calculate the following:
1. 6m= _____cm 2. 15000m= _____km 3. 50000m2 = _____ ha
4. 10m x 400m = ______ m2 5. 5km x 600km x 1km=______ km3
B. Supply word to make it correct.
1. The conversion factor of meter to kilometer is ____________________.
2. One hour is _____________ minutes.
3. A liter is equal to 1000 ___________.
4. Two hectares is equal to _____________m 2.
5. Five thousand grams is equal to _____________kilogram.

What I Have Learned

ACTIVITY 3.2. IDENTIFY ME…

A. Calculation includes operation like adding, _______________,
__________________, ____________________.
B. Shapes like circle, _____________, ______________, _____________, _____________
have specific formulas in finding surface areas.
C. Surface area is measured in square meter while ____________ is measured in cubic
meter.

What I Can Do

ACTIVITY 3.3. YES I CAN!!!

1. Draft and cut a Manila paper, 600m 2 reduced in cm2.

2. Create a cubic jewelry bow whose side id 5cm.

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 Lesson
Fundamental Operations
4 in Calculations
Learning Objectives:

1. Perform calculation needed to complete work tasks using the four basic
process of addition, division, multiplication, and subtraction.

2. Employ different techniques in checking accuracy of result

What’s In

What is this shape?

What’s New

Can you name these measuring instruments? What specifically do

they measur

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 What is It

The Order of Operations: PEMDAS

In carrying out mathematical operations, a common technique should be

remembered. This is known with an acronym "PEMDAS" which stands for
"Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication, Division, Addition, and Subtraction". This
tells the sequence operations. This means that there is a need to simplify first
what inside the parentheses followed by exponents before doing multiplication,
division, and subtraction.

SURFACE AREAS OF CANAL CROSS-SECTIONS AND FARMS

The surface area formulas are usually used in determining solutions to two
common practical problems that are often met in the field.

A. Surface areas of canal cross-sections

The "up-sidedown" trapezium is the most common shape of a canal cross-section.

Canal cross section

` The canal cross-cross section has a trapezium shape which covers the area (A
B C D) as shown in the above illustration. To calculate the surface area, the formula
to solve for the area of trapezium is therefore being used.

Surface area of the canal cross-section = 0.5 (base + top line) x canal depth = 0.5 (b
+ a) x h

where:

base (b) = bottom width of the canal

top line (a) = top width of the canal

canal depth (h) = height of the canal (from the bottom of the canal to the top of the
embankment)

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B. Wetted cross-section of a canal

The area covered by line (A B C D) is called the wetted canal cross-section or

wetted cross-section. It also has a trapezium shape and the formula to calculate its
surface area is:

Surface area of the wetted canal cross-section = 0.5 (base + top line) x water depth =
0.5 (b + a1) x h1

where:
base (b) = bottom width of the canal
top line (a1) = top width of the water level
water depth (h1) = the height or depth of the water in the canal (from the bottom of the
canal to the water level).
Let’s take this example.

Canal cross-section:
base (b) =2m; top line (a) =5m; canal depth (h) = 1.5m
Formula: A = 0.5 x (b + a) x h = 0.5 x (2 m + 5 m) x 1.5m = 5.25 m 2
Canal wetted cross-section:
base (b) = 2 m; top line (a1) = 4 m; water depth (h1) =1.00 m
Formula: A = 0.5 x (b + a1) x h = 0.5 x (2 m + 4 m) x 1.00 m = 3 m 2

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B. Determination of the surface area of a farm

Determining surface area of the field is also very important especially for the
landowner. For instance, installation of farm irrigation system requires how wide
the field is.

For rectangular surface areas, calculation of the area is signified by its length and its
width.

l=150m
Calculate the surface area of the farm shown above. Express your answer in m 2 and
ha.
Length of the field =150 m Width of the field = 50 m
Formula: A = length x width
= 150 m x 50 m = 7500 m2
7500m2= _____ ha
7500m2 x 1ha =.75ha
10,000m2

A. A volume of 100m3 of water spread over an area of one hectare

First, the volume of water must be calculated. It is the volume of the filled
reservoir, calculated using:
Volume (V) = length x width x height = 5 m x 10 m x 2 m = 100 m 3
Second, the thickness of the water layer is calculated using:

Given: Surface of the field = 10 000 m 2 ; Volume of water = 100 m3

Formula: depth d= volume of water (m3)

Surface area (m2)
=100m3 =.01m
10,000m2

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 What’s More

ACTIVITY 4. 1. MAP ME OUT…

A. Draw and calculate the total surface area in m 2 and in ha.
1. For triangle: base: 10m; height: 15m
2. For square: Length: 15m; Width: 15m
3. For rectangle: Length: 25m; 5m
B. Based on the data given below, calculate the following:
1. Canal cross-section:
base (b) =4m; top line (a) =7m; canal depth (h) = 1.5m
Formula: A = 0.5 x (b + a) x h = __________ m 2
2. Canal wetted cross-section:
base (b) = 4m; top line (a1) = 6 m; water depth (h1) =1.00 m
Formula: A = 0.5 x (b + a1) x h1 = __________m 2

C. Find the volume of the block with the length 7m, width 5m, and height of 1m.
Use the formula Volume (V) = length x width x height = lx w x h= ____m 3

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 Assessment

POST ASSESSMENT

Choose the best answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet.

1. A ___________________ is a small embryonic plant enclosed in a covering called
the seed coat, usually with some stored food.
A. seed B. fertilizer C. plow D. weed
2. _____________________ are chemical substances supplied to the crops to increase
their productivity.
A. seed B. fertilizer C. insecticide D. weed
3. _____________________ is a substance for killing insects.
A. seed B. fertilizer C. insecticide D. weed
4. _____________________ is a process of loosening or turning the soil before sowing
seed or planting.
A. plowing B. treshing C. transplanting D. weeding
5. ______________________ is a process of separating grain from a plant usually with
the action of a revolving mechanism.
A. plowing B. treshing C. transplanting D. weeding
6. ______________________ involves different stages in the production of a certain
crop.
A. farming cycle B. water cycle C. weeding D. treshing
7. _______________________ pre-farming process of determining the cost of
production of the crop.
A. clearing B. estimating C. plowing D. treshing
8. _______________________ a unit used to determine a measure of length.
A. liter B. kilogram C. meter D. second
9. _______________________ is the surface a certain object occupies.
A. area B. field C. plot D. canal
10. ______________________ the process or skill of calculating the total of two or
more amounts.
A. addition B. division C. multiplication D. subtraction
11. 600 m x 20 m= ______ m2
A. 120 m2 B. 1200 m2 C. 1200 m2 D. 12,000 m2
12. 100 m x 100 m
A. 1000 m2 B. 10,000 m2 C. 100,000 m2 D. 1,000,000 m2
13. 20 m x 30 m x 1 m
A. 500 m3 B. 600 m3 C. 700 m3 D. 800 m3
14. 250000 m2= _____ ha
A. 2.5 ha B. 25 ha C. 250 ha D. 2500 ha
15. 8 m3=______ L
A. 4000 L B. 8000 L C. 12,000 L D. 16,000 L

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