3.

2 SITE

The proposed site has a total land area of 20, 653 sq.m with a 642 m perimeter. The
site is located in San Pablo,Mexico, Pampanga town proper near Amber Ressort and
Residences . The site is accessible through the main road 161Jose Abad Santos Avenue.

Figure 2.2.1 SITE

3.2.1 BACKGROUND
In the 16th century, the place we now call Mexico sat as a crossing point between the Áitâ Mag-
Anchî and Áinu (Abûrlin) nations at the upper reaches of the Ábakan River and the international port
cities of Bétis and Lúbao to the south. Upland products such as deerskins and beeswax became important
commodities to the 16th century Japanese who made candles out of beeswax and samurai armours out of
deerskins. Plying their goods down the Ábakan River, these upland traders would have had no choice but
to slow down and dock at the place “where the river bends” (nung nú ya másíku ing ílug) or “where the
river has an elbow” (nung nú ya makisíku ing ílug) before continuing their trip downstream. From there,
the river is matúlid (straight) all the way to its mouth at Uáuâ. Enterprising merchants from Lsòng
Guo (Luzon: c. 13th century – 1572) and perhaps even from Japan and China formed a trading base at
this natural checkpoint known as Makisíku or Másíku
Open space includes grassland and scrublands, where large portion are located in Barangay San
Pablo (proposed site of the opponents). municipality has a land area of 117.41 square kilometers or 45.33
square miles which constitutes 5.87% of Pampanga's total area.
The proponents chose the site as their location for their projects because, it is near to Mexico
Mart and Municipal of Mexico.
3.2.2 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA

CRITERIA GUIDELINES: San Balas, Parian,

Pablo, Mexico Mexico
Mexico
Soil (stability, fertility, dept) Water 3 2 3
supply and quality
Climate (temperature, storms, rainfall) 3 3 3
Transportation (highways and transit) 4 3 3
Energy (availability and relative cost) 4 4 4
REGIONAL Employment opportunities 4 4 4
CRITERIA Cultural opportunities 4 4 4
Economy (rising, stable, declining) 4 3 4
Health care facilities 4 4 4
Landscape character 3 3 3
Major detractions 2 3 2
Exceptional feature 3 2 3

Travel (time distance to work, shopping 3 3 3

etc.)
Travel experience (pleasant) 3 3 3
Community ambiance 2 3 2
Churches 4 4 4
COMMUNITY Schools 3 4 3
Shopping 3 3 3
Medical facilities 3 4 4
Safety and security 3 2 3
Public service (fire, police, etc.) 3 4 3
Governance 4 4 4

Landscape character 3 3 3
Lifestyle 4 3 3
Compatibility of proposed uses traffic 4 2 2
Neighborhood/environs way (access, hazard, attractiveness)
Conveniences (schools, service etc.) 3 4 2
Exposure (sun, wind, storm, planning) 4 4 4
Freedom from noise, fumes etc. 3 2 3
Utilities (availability and cost) 3 2 3

Size and shape (suitability) 4 3 3

Safe entrance and egress 2 2 2
Permanent trees and cover ground 4 2 3
forms and gradient
Soils (quality and dept) 3 2 3
Property/land Relative cost of earthwork and
foundation
Site drainage 1 1 1
Adjacent structures 3 3 4
Relationship to circulation patterns
 Relative cost of land and development 4 1 4

Topographic 4 3 3
Gradient of approaches 4 2 3
Breeze 2 3 3
Building Site Views 4 4 4
Privacy 4 2 3
Freedom from noise and glare 3 2 3
Visual impact 4 4 3
Proximity to utility leads 4 3 3

Legend:
1-SEVERE LIMITATION
2-MODORATE CONSTRAINT
3-CONDITION GOOD
4-CONDITION EXCELLENT

Figure 2.2.2 SITE (GOOGLE MAP)

3.2.3 SITE SELECTION and JUSTIFICATION
Considering the factors needed for the site of the recreation and community center, the
proponents choose to locate the project in San Pablo, Mexico. Mexico near the Santa Ana and San
Fernando. To serve as a support event facility lol and considering the proximity of distance of the
proposed recreational and community center.
The proponents anticipate the road networks along the site and the transportation access. Mexico
Pampanga is well suited for the project. Pampanga is one of the best options for the location of the project
because of its future developments and opportunities.

3.2.4 SITE ANALYSIS

MARCO SITE ANALYSIS
1. ENVIRONMENT

1.1 Geographic Location and Political Boundaries

On the island of Luzon, Mexico's municipal center is located at around 15° 4 'north, 120° 43' east. At
these coordinates, the elevation is estimated to be 11.6 meters (38.0 feet) above mean sea level.
1.2 Land Area
The municipality covers 117.41 square kilometers (45.33 square miles), or 5.87 percent of the total
land area of Pampanga. According to the 2020 Census, it has a population of 173,403. This amounted to
7.11 percent of Pampanga's total population, or 1.40 percent of the entire Central Luzon region's
population. According to these estimates, the population density is 1,477 people per square kilometer or
3,825 people per square mile.

Table 3.2: Land Area of Pampanga by City/Municipality

City / Municipality Land Area (sqm.)*

Angeles 63,377
Apalit 61.47
Arayat 134.48
Bacolor 71.70
Candaba 176.40
Floridablanca 175.48
Guagua 48.67
Lubao 155.77
Mabalacat 82.20
Macabebe 105.16
Magalang 92.32
Masantol 48.25
Mexico 117.41
Minalin 48.27
Porac 314.00
San Fernando 67.74
 San Luis 56.83
San Simon 57.37
Santa Ana 39.84
Santa Rita 29.76
Santo Tomas 21.30
Sasmuan 91.80

Source: www.philatlas.com
Mexico has 43 barangays with a total population of 173. 404, Mexico's household population in
2015 was 154,481, divided into 32,518 homes, with an average of 4.75 individuals per household.
 SOURCE: www.philatlas.com/luzon/r03/pampanga/mexico

1.3 TOPOGRAPHY AND ELEVATION

The municipality as a whole has a very level topography, making it appropriate for any form of
residential, commercial, industrial, or agricultural development. Its elevation decreases from high ground in
the northern region, particularly at Sapang Maisac, to the southern portion near Dolores Piring. According
to the NAMRIA topographic map, Sapang Maisac has an average elevation of about 60.0 m (MSL datum)
and Dolores Piring has an elevation of about 2.5 m, both at a horizontal distance of about 2.5 km. Figure
2.2.3
1.4 SOIL
Mexico's territory is made up of many soil types, as seen in Figure 2.2.5. Sand, specifically La Paz
Sand and La Paz Fine Sand, covers more than half of the municipality. Angeles Sand makes up the third
largest portion of the municipality, which is made up of barangays in the northern part of the municipality.
Quicua Silt Loam characterizes the barangays spanned by the confluence of the rivers Abacan, Betis, and a
portion of Bungang Guinto. The San Fernando Clay Loam type defines the farthest southern section of
Mexico. Because clay is inherently more capable of water retention than absorption, this trait determines
the high flooding susceptibility of the barangays in this portion of the municipality.
1.5 GEOLOGY
Mexico is often classified as having two types of geological deposits. Surficial deposits on the
upland are mostly unconsolidated alluvial deposits that have been overlain by recent pyroclastic flow and
ashfall deposits. Surficial deposits on the lowland, on the other hand, are volcanically produced alluvial
materials made of loosely compacted gravels and sands with some silt and clay (Figure 2.2.6)
 1.6 WATER RESOURCES

The most frequent water sources in Mexico are deep and shallow wells. Creeks, rivers,
and other bodies of fresh water near some barangays also serve as a source of water for
irrigation.
The Sinukuan Water Delivery Facility is a large water supply facility that provides water
to the municipality (Figure 2.2.7). It provides water to 32 barangays' residential and
commercial regions. The aforementioned facility does not serve any industrial or institutional
areas. In addition, the municipality has two small water systems. The one owned by Nuel
Canda provides water to 200 San Antonio residents, while the other, located in Sto. Rosario
Water System Cooperative serves a small number of homes.

Figure 2.2.7. Sinukuan Water Pumping Station in Camuning

1.7 WATERSHED and RIVER SYSTEM

Surface waters of the municipality that collect in the Abacan River originate topographically from
Angeles City and other northern parts of the town, whilst those that accumulate in the Betis River originate
in the Municipality of Sta. Ana. SCTEX is roughly 10 kilometers from town.
The stored water then condenses at the Mexico-Bungang Guinto-Abacan River confluence, which
is located within the boundaries of barangays Sto. Rosario, San Lorenzo, and San Antonio are three cities in
Argentina. Water from Abacan is separated into two confluence rivers, Mexico and Bungang Guinto.
Figure 2.2.9 depicts Mexico's basin as well as its natural water networks.
 1.8 CLIMATE and RAINFALL
According to PAGASA, the climate in Luzon is classified into four major categories (See Figure
2.2.9). Mexico's climate is classified as Type I, with two seasons: dry season (November – April) and wet
season (May – October). March, April, and May are the hottest and driest months of the year, with
temperatures average 32 degrees Celsius. The rainy season lasts from June to October, with an average
temperature of 23 degrees Celsius. The South-West monsoon dominates the wet season. Severe weather
conditions connected with typhoons are common during this time period.
The annual average rainfall in the municipality ranges from 2,000 mm to 2,500 mm, as measured
by NASA's Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Satellite (TRMM) and depicted in Figure. 2.2.7. These
observations are supported by the PAGASA rainfall monitoring station at Basa Airbase (See Figure 1).2.2.8
Figure). Table 2.2.2 shows the average monthly rainfall.
Tropical cyclones can form over the municipality at any time of year. This natural
phenomenon occurs approximately 20 times every year, with the maximum frequency occurring
in the months of July and August. Despite the devastating winds and rainfall, tropical cyclones
are useful to the municipality since they supply around 47 percent of water demands, particularly
for annual and perennial crops.

1.8 LAND USE

1.8.1 Exisitng Land Use

Almost 70% of Mexico's land resources, or 8,195 hectares, are used for agricultural
purposes. The riceland, which covers 6,257 hectares, is largely found along the Abacan River.
High-yielding rice fields, on the other hand, are only found along the Abacan River from mid-
stream in barangay Anao to downstream in barangay San Lorenzo, thanks to ample water supply
from the surrounding municipalities of Arayat and Sta. Ana, as well as Angeles City. Rice
productivity is also influenced by the soil type.
The Sugarland (colored red in Figure 2.2.12) in barangays Gandus, Suclaban, Culubasa, Acli,
Eden, Camuning, and Panipuan with a total of 1,506 ha are the most un-productive agricultural
crops in the municipality due to its inadequate water supply and its sandy soil type. Furthermore,
the sugar milling in Tarlac's Hacienda Luisita is quite far from these places, causing the sugar
cane to dry up and lose its substance. Due to its proximity to the North Expressway as well as the
two urbanized adjacent communities of San Fernando and Angeles City, the municipality is
considering selling this type of agricultural and converting it into a residential, recreational, and
eco-tourism sector.
Agricultural Categories
Area(ha)

Riceland 6,257.0
Sugarland 1,506.1
Mango 515.3
Fish Pond 472.0
 Backyard-raised crops 57.6
Assorted vegetables 32.4
Calamansi 6.7
Mahogany 2.9
Poultry/Piggery 50.0

Figure 2.2.13 displays the multiple categories of the built-up areas into residential,
commercial, institutional, and industrial usage as required in the new CLUP Guidebook of
HLURB, as well as the grouping of the diverse crops of Figure 2.2.12 into one agricultural
classification.

Residential areas, which are shaded yellow in Figure 2.2.13, are the second category that uses
a major percentage of the municipality. First-class neighborhoods such as Lake Shore and
Beverly Place were carefully located to provide easy access to the vast business zone as well as
Figure2.2.14– Percentage and Areas of Existing Land Use Classification
other adjacent cities and key thoroughfares such as the North Expressway, which connects Metro
Manila with DMIA, Tarlac, and La Union. The barangays of Nueva Victoria, Divisoria, San
Rafael, Sabanilla, and Masamat are home to these two subdivisions. In the barangays of Lagundi
and Sto. Tomas, there are medium-density residential areas with signs of urbanization. Parian,
Sto. Cristo, Parian, Sto. Rosario, San Antonio, Camuning, and Sapang Maisac are all cities in the
Philippines. As part of the National Housing Authority's program for the underprivileged, the
municipality also provides socialized housing, primarily in barangay Pandacaqui (NHA).
Figure 2.2.14 depicts the current land use in Mexico, which shows that grassland accounts
for nearly 5% of the total land area, or 535 hectares. This classification is actually ranked third
among the most common land uses. As shown on the map, the majority of grasslands are located
within residential areas and are awaiting development. The grasslands that run the length of the
Abacan River, which bisects the municipality, serve as a vegetative buffer.
Grasslands and idle or open areas, which are colored white in Figure 2.2.13, account for
nearly 8.5 percent of total land use, or 979 hectares. The majority of those open lands are
purchased by private entities who use them for agriculture on occasion while waiting for other
development opportunities. Large grasslands exist along the Abacan River's banks, which serve
as a vegetative buffer. The intersection of NLEX and Sindalan-Anao Road, the southern side of
JASA Road in barangay Lagundi, a portion of Quezon Road in barangay San Roque, and the
agricultural mid-section of San Jose Matulid and Dolores Piring are also large grassland areas.
 NAME OF SCHOOL LOCATION/ BARANGAY TYPE

Diosdado Macapagal High School Sto. Domingo Public

Don Jesus Gonzales High School Pandacaqui Public
Gerry Rodriguez High School Divisoria Public
San Jose Malino High School San Jose Malino Public
Mexico National High School Balas/San Carlos Public
Nicanor David Vergara High School Anao Public
Our Lady of Guadalupe School San Antonio Private
San Juan High School San Juan Public
St. Joseph's Academy San Antonio Private

The fish pond is only about 4% of the total municipal area, or 462 hectares. This percentage
is very good for fish farming and preventing environmental hazards such as flooding, which
occurred in the Pampanga River delta areas during Typhoon Pedring in September 2011. The
majority of the fish pond areas are in the barangays of Sto. Small areas are located in barangays
San Lorenzo and San Nicolas, while small areas are located in barangays San Domingo and San
Pablo.
In barangay Lagundi, large commercial areas, such as SM Department Store and Wilcon
Builders, are colored red in Figure 2.2.13. JASA Road is home to small businesses such as
merchandising. In the barangay of Parian, there is a public market.
Figure 2.2.13 shows the locations of commercial, industrial, and institutional areas in red,
magenta, and dark blue, respectively, with their corresponding percentages shown in Figure
2.2.14. The SM Department Store and Wilcon Builders in barangay Lagundi are two of the
municipality's largest commercial establishments. The municipal public market is located in
barangay Parian, and small scale businesses such as merchandising are located along JASA
Road. The National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP) in barangay San Antonio and
Pampanga Electric Cooperative Inc. (PELCO1) in barangay Sto Domingo are the two major
industrial establishments. In the barangay of Parian, the municipal hall is located in front of the
public market. The Mexico Community Hospital is in the barangay of San Carlos, along the
Mexico-Magalang Road. Almost every barangay has its own elementary school, and high
schools are listed in Table  below.
 2. TRANSPORTATION
2.1 Roads
In terms of infrastructure, the proposed roads shown in the diagram below will be built in
order to provide a more direct mode of transportation between commercially powerful
barangays and to improve trade and commerce lines in these barangays. The proposed road
number 1 will serve as a direct link between The Lakeshore and NLEX, as well as vice versa.
The second road will be a connecting road that will connect Panipuan to the southern part of
Mexico.

Figure 2.2.15 - Proposed Road Network

In addition to the proposed new roads, the following road interconnections and
improvements are aimed for the planning period.

A. Inter-linking of Farm-to-Market Roads to create new Access Roads

 1. Pangatlan to Sta. Cruz thru Looban
2. Pangatlan to Nueva Victoria
3. Nueva Victoria to San Vicente to Sta. Cruz
4. Divisoria to San Vicente to Sta. Cruz
5. Tangle to Pandacaqui
6. Gandus to Capaya, Angeles City
7. Masamat to Del Carmen, CSFP
8. San Juan to San Jose Malino Abacan Road Dike
9. Kaingin, Laug to Sta. Maria Gubat

B. Interconnection of Barangay Roads

1. Sabanilla / San Miguel to San Rafael via Beverly

2. San Antonio Traffic Diversion Route
(Highway to Tinajero Street via St. Joseph’s
Subd. thru a proposed opening at Manggahan)

C. Widening of the JASA Road ( Mexico Segment)

D. Upgrading of the Licu and Third Street

E. Replacement of Steel Bailey Bridges / Construction of RCDG

1. Sto. Rosario/ San Carlos Bridge
2. Lagundi / San Jose Matulid Bridge
3. San Jose Matulid Bridge
4. Laput Bridge
5. San Miguel Bridge
6. Eden Bridge
7. San Vicente Dayat Bridge
8. San Vicente Bridge
9. San Vicente – Divisoria RCBC

3. POWER
Mexico's electricity, on the other hand, is provided by two (2) power supply facilities. The
first is the PAMPANGA RURAL ELECTRIC SERVICE COOPERATIVE, INC.
(PRESCO) in Anao (See Figure 2.3.1), and the other is the PAMPANGA ELECTRIC
COOPERATIVE, INC. 1 (PELCO 1) in Sto. Domingo (See Figure 2.3.2). Both facilities
provide electricity to homes, businesses, and institutions, as well as public buildings,
irrigation, and street lights.
 Figure 2.3.1. Pampanga Rural Electric Service
Cooperative Inc.(PRESCO) in Anao

Figure 2.3.2. Pampanga Electric

Cooperative Inc. 1 (PELCO 1)

In San Jose Matulid, a station of the National Grid Corporation of the Philippines, a sector that
operates and maintains power transmission, is located. Its operational area includes the entire
island of Luzon.

Figure 2.3.3. National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP) in San Jose Matulid
 4. TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION

Mexico has constructed asphalt roads that connect it to Pampanga's major cities, adjacent
provinces, and Metro Manila. It is accessible by vehicle from Metro Manila through the North
Luzon Expressway (NLEX). Aside from NLEX, which connects Mexico City to Angeles City,
MacArthur Highway is another major access road. The Olongapo-Gapan Road, on the other
hand, connects the municipality's transportation vehicles to provinces such as Bataan, Zambales,
and Nueva Ecija.

The main transportation means in Mexico are jeepney and tricycle vehicles. Associations
exist among jeepney and tricycle drivers and operators. Buses are also available for provincial
transport. A parking area in front of SM in Lagundi serves as stop-over for buses traveling to
Olongapo, Baguio, Manila, Cabanatuan and other provinces.

In Mexico, communication is conveyed by postal, courier, and telecommunication channels.

Courier and package delivery services are provided by LBC, Air21, Cebuana Lhuillier, and
Mlhuillier branch offices. Parian has a post office located in front of the Municipal Hall. The
mentioned post office is not supervised by the Mexican Local Government, but rather functions
under the jurisdiction of the Provincial Government.

Telecommunication technology such as telephones and cellular sites have further

transformed communication. The major telephone systems in the municipality are PLDT and
DIGITEL. PLDT's headquarters are in San Antonio, whereas DIGITEL's are in Sto. Cristo. Cell
sites for Service Providers such as SMART, Globe, and Sun are located across the municipality
to offer signals for mobile communication services. Internet services via Digital Subscription
Lines (DSL), Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), and Broadband devices are becoming more popular due
to their ease and wider reach and coverage.

Figure 2.3.4. SMART Cell Site situated in Figure 2.3.5. SMART and Sun Cell Sites
Parian in Sta. Cruz
 The municipality provides health care services through four (4) Rural Health Units, 27
Barangay Health Stations (BHS), and one (1) public hospital (Mexico Community Hospital).
Philhealth currently has 15,555 members (PHIC). (1) Acute Respiratory Infection, (2) Skin
Ailments, and (3) Gastrointestinal Diseases are the top three major causes of morbidity. Cancer,
Cardiovascular Diseases, and Diabetes are the top three main causes of death. The infant
mortality rate is one per 100,000 people, the crude birth rate (CBR) is eight per 1,000 people,
and the crude death rate (CDR) is one per 1,000 people. Malnutrition affects 1.2 percent of the
population.

The mentioned health concerns in the municipality may be caused by (1) poverty and
unemployment, as well as (2) lifestyle changes - a "westernized attitude."

Figure 2.3.6. Mexico Community Hospital

6. SOCIAL WELFER

According to the Local Government Code of 1991, the Mexico Municipal Social Welfare and
Development Office (MSWDO) spearheads the provision of social welfare services to
municipalities as an extension of the responsibility of the Department of Social Welfare and
Development (DSWD) (Republic Act 7160).
Food assistance, care help for victims of assault and child abuse, and Day Care Centers are some
of the social programs and services provided by the MSWDO.
3.2.5 SWOT ANALYSIS

Strength Weakness Opportunities Threats

Location The location is close Very close to
to Barangay, you can Nieghbooring 3
reach and immediate Barrangay
medical assistance. (Divisoria, San
Vicente and Parian)
within 1 km at radius
in distance.
Utilities Basic service lines There was no Irrigation water
such as Presco, assigned sewerage supply can put
sinukuan and from the infimary, contamination of
telecommunications which led to the nearby rice field at
are available on site. external public risk
sewer system.

Road All connecting roads Two-way road There are no

Network are paved and that can delay sidewalks or
accessible to all patient transport pedestrians assigned
types of transport in an emergency to the surrounding
components of the
site.

Landscape Plain fields with . Large fields can be Parking spaces on

Green Vegetation, accommodated the road causing
There are trees in during pandemic traffic jams
the surrounding cases.
fields to provide
shade.
Circulation People can easily The adjacent private Enter the throttle
access it. places are simple point in an
fields that can be emergency. Patience
used as temporary needs hel
space for the
provision and
cleaning of the
collected personnel.
Public To get to the A nearby public
Space public market, space can be used
you'll need to take as an alternative in
a jeep. the event of such a
major disaster or
extended facility.

Tectonics The site is on the

mainland and there
is no nearby river in
the village (flood
free zone). Nearby
old buildings or
faulty structural
properties that are
unsafe for the
location are not
allowed.
Socio Community medical There are no Market the nearby The nearby rice field
Economic information and commercial residence with will be affected due
opportunities offices in adjacent investments in to the increasing
specifically for or nearby shops, food stalls commercialization of
surrounding locations. and rental houses. the site.
negotiations can
provide medical
missions.

3.2.6 BASELINE STUDIES

Figure 2.2.3 Elevation Map of Mexico (Based on NAMRIA

Topographic Map)
 The Digital Elevation Model is then used to calculate the distribution of ground slopes, which is shown
in Figure 2.2.4.
The Abacan River divides the municipality's whole land area lengthwise. The western bank of the river
contains two-thirds of the land section, with the remainder on the eastern side. The river's approximate
bank-to-bank width is 135.0 m.
The river's enormous breadth is one of the key restrictions that the municipality faces in constructing
access roads that will laterally connect the opposite sides of the river, not to mention that such roads will
necessitate longer, more lasting, and more expensive bridges.

Figure 2.2.4 Slope Map of Mexico

 Figure 2.2.5 Soil Map of Mexico

Figure 2.2.6Geology Map of Mexico

Figure 2.2.8 Watershed and Natural Waterways of Mexico

Figure 2.2.9 Climate Map Based on PAGASA

 Figure 2.2.10 Annual Average Rainfall Isohyets

Figure 2.2.11 Monthly Average Rainfall Chart (PAGASA – Basa Airbase Station)

Monthly Average Rainfall (PAGASA - Basa Airbase Station)

 Figure 2.2.12 – Cropping System

Figure 2.2.13- Existing land use