Colegio de Sto. Tomas-Recoletos, Inc.

DepEd-FAPE/PEAC Certified School

DOJ-Bureau of Immigration Accredited School
Azcona St., San Carlos City, Negros Occidental
Tel. Nos. 312-5242 & 312-5220 Telefax No. 729-9169
WEEK 3 Quarter 3
CONGRUENCE
INTRODUCTION AND PROCESS QUESTION(S):
Have you ever wondered why USB, regardless of the brand, fit the USB portals of any
computer? Can you imagine how inconvenient it would be if there was a particular size of USB for each
kind of computer?
Congruence is very important in mass production and manufacturing. Parts must be identical or
congruent, to be interchangeable. For example, in the assembly line of cars or TV sets, the same part
needs to fit in to each unit that comes down the assembly line.
Having congruent parts available in the market allows for easier repair and maintenance of the
products. The mass production of items also saves the company a significant amount of time, money,
and energy which allows it to sell the items at cheaper price.

LESSONS AND COVERAGE

Lesson 1 – Congruence

VALUE FOCUS (Institutional Core Values):

1. Accountability (Accountability is not about following rules and procedures, rather it is
staying committed to learning and growing. It is being responsible for developing one’s own
self-efficacy and taking the initiative to follow through with the application of learned
content and skills in this module.)

COMPETENCIES (MELCS):
1. Illustrate triangle congruence.

MODULE MAP
Here is a simple map of the lessons that will be covered in this module.

Reflexive
Property

Symmetric
CONGRUENCE
Property

Transitive
Property

LESSON OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:

1. Define and illustrate the idea of congruence in real life.

2. State and apply the properties of congruence:
- Reflexive Property
- Symmetric Property
- Transitive Property

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PRE ASSESSMENT
Before we proceed to the lesson, let’s activate first your prior knowledge by answering
the following questions.
1. What is the symbol for congruence?
2. What is the symbol for congruence?
3. If ∆ABC ≅ ∆XYZ, what are the six pairs of corresponding congruent parts?
4. How do we measure an angle?
5. How can you draw an angle of specified measure?
6. What is the sum of the measures of the angles of a triangle?

For numbers 7 to 10 define or illustrate each of the following:

7. Midpoint
8. Vertical angles
9. Right Triangle
10. Hypotenuse

LESSON PROPER:
A. EXPLORE CONGRUENCE
Activity 1: LET’S PLAY JIGSAW!
(Please refer to your answer sheet.)

PROCESS QUESTION/S
What is the main idea in this game?
What is the relation of the game to the topic?

B. FIRM-UP
Congruence means having the same shape and size, and it is denoted by ≅ . The top of the symbol, ,
is the sign of similarity and indicates the same shape. The bottom part, ¿, is the sign of equality and
indicates the same size.
The idea of congruence is all around us. Consider these examples:

The paper bills in your wallet are congruent, and so are the coins of the same denomination. Any two
spoons or forks in a set of silverware are congruent. A duplicate
key is congruent to the original key. Can you see how the idea of congruence is used in the mass
production of various products?
It helps to recognize congruent figures in the same orientation. When two figures are congruent, you
may slide, flip, or rotate the figures until they overlap exactly.

Two triangles are congruent if their vertices can be paired so that corresponding sides are
congruent and corresponding angles are congruent

Example 1: ∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF - Read as "triangle ABC is congruent to triangle DEF."

≅ - Symbol for congruency
∆ - Symbol for triangle.

fig.1
The congruent corresponding parts are marked identically.
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 Can you name the corresponding congruent sides? Corresponding congruent angles?

The sides of two triangles and angles with the same number if hash marks are congruent.

Congruent corresponding sides: Congruency corresponding angles:

BC ≅ FE ∠ A≅∠ D
AB ≅ DE ∠ C ≅∠ F
AC ≅ DF ∠ B≅∠ E
In figure 1, triangle ABC is congruent to triangle ¿ because the pairs of corresponding sides and
angles are congruent. In symbols, ∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF.

In writing correspondence statements, match up the vertices correctly to make a correspondence.

Example 2: Write a statement of correspondence between the two triangles.
B E

A CF D
Solution: By flipping the first triangle horizontally, you can map it to the other triangle.

B E A

C
F D
Corresponding Angles Corresponding Sides
∠ A ↔∠ D AB↔ DE
∠ B↔ ∠ E BC ↔ EF
∠C ↔∠F AC ↔ DF
Thus, △ ABC ↔ △≝.

Now, we are ready to make a more useful definition of congruent triangles.

Two triangles are congruent if and only if all of their corresponding parts are congruent.

Example 3: Show that the two triangles are congruent.

T E D

C O G
C D T
Solution: Again, let us flip one of the triangles and slide it over the other to show that the two
Type equation here .
triangles coincide.

A
O G
Corresponding Angles Corresponding Sides
∠ C ≅∠ D CA ≅ DO
∠ A ≅ ∠O AT ≅OG
∠ T ≅∠ G CT ≅ DG
Thus, △ CAT ≅ △ DOG .

Example 4: Identify all pairs of congruent corresponding parts in figure2.

The pairs of congruent sides are:
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 PR ≅ KL , PQ ≅ JL , QR ≅ JK

The pairs of congruent angles are:

∠ Q ≅ ∠J , ∠ R ≅ ∠ K , ∠ P ≅ ∠ L fig.2

The next definition of the parts of a triangle by their relative positions will be useful in proving
congruence between triangles.

In a triangle, when the vertices of two angles are the endpoints of a segment, the segment is said to be
the included side of the two angles. When the sides of an angle are the two sides of a triangle, then
the angle is said to be the included angle of the two sides.
Example 5: S
In ∆ SON ∠S is an included angle between SN and SO
∠O is an included angle between OS and ON
∠N is an included angle between NS and NO .
SOis an included side between ∠S and ∠O.
ON is an included side between ∠O and ∠N.
O SN is an included side between ∠S and ∠N.

N
Example 6: Identify the included side of ∠ F and ∠ O and the included angle of FX and FO .

F X

Solution: The included side of ∠ F and ∠ O is FO .

The included angle of FX and FO is ∠ F .

C. DEEPEN
Properties of Congruence
The properties of equality as well as the properties of congruence that follow from them
are often used in doing formal geometric proof.

PROPERTIES OF CONGRUENCE
1. Reflexive Property of Congruence
∠ A≅∠ A
AB ≅ AB
2. Symmetric Property of Congruence
If ∠ A ≅ ∠ B , then ∠ B ≅ ∠ A .
If AB ≅ CD ,then CD ≅ AB .
3. Transitive Property of Congruence
If ∠ A ≅ ∠ B and ∠ B ≅ ∠C , then ∠ A ≅ ∠C .
If AB ≅ CD and CD ≅ EF , then AB ≅ EF .

Example 5: Identify the properties and definition of terms that can be justify each of the following
statements based on the given facts.
Given: B is the midpoint of AC .
BC ≅ CD A B C D

Statements Reasons
1. AB ≅ BC 1.
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 2. AB ≅ AB 2.
3. CD ≅ BC 3.
4. AB ≅ CD 4.

Answers: 1. Definition of Midpoint

2. Reflexive Property of Congruence
3. Symmetric Property of Congruence
4. Transitive Property of Congruence

D. TRANSFER
Performance Check!
A. MY CORRESPONDING PARTS
A C

D
∆ ABD ≅ ∆ CBD , Write down the six pairs of congruent corresponding parts

B. TRUE OR FALSE
Refer to the figure below. The two triangles are congruent. State whether the statement is
true or false.
1. △ LAD ≅ △ KIM A I
2. ∠ ADL ≅ ∠IMK
3. △ DAL ≅ △ MKI
4. ∠ L↔ ∠ M
5. AL↔ IK L D M K
6. ∠ D ↔∠ M
7. The include angle of LA and AD is ∠ A .
8. The included side of ∠ I and ∠ K is MK .
9. Corresponding sides if congruent triangles are congruent.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
Angle - the figure formed by two rays meeting at a common end point. Can be measured in degrees
using protractor.
Congruence - two figures or objects are congruent if they have the same shape and size, or if one has
the same shape and size as the mirror image of the other
Postulate - a statement that is accepted as true without having to formally prove it.
Triangle - a closed, two-dimensional shape with three straight sides.

POST-ASSESSMENT

Writing a Synthesis Journal

(Refer to the answer sheet)

REFERENCES AND WEBSITE LINKS USED IN THIS MODULE:

Alferez, Gerard S., Alferez, Merle S. and Lambino, Alvin E. (2007). MSA Geometry. Quezon City:
MSA Publishing House.
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 Bernabe, Julieta G., De Leon, Cecile M. and Jose-Dilao, Soledad (2002).
Geometry. Quezon City: JTW Corporation.

Chua, Simon L., Hipolito, Samuel G., et’al (2006). Soaring 21st Century Mathematics: Exploring
Geometry. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.,

Coronel, Iluminada C. and Coronel, Antonio C. (2002). Geometry. Makati City: The Bookmark, Inc.

Fisico, Misael Jose S., Sia, Lucy O., et’al (1995). 21st Century Mathematics: First Year. Quezon City:
Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.,

Oronce, Orlando A. and Mendoza, Marilyn O. (2013). E-Math: Intermediate Algebra. Quezon City: Rex
Book Store, Inc.

Colegio de Sto. Tomas-Recoletos, Inc.

DepEd-FAPE/PEAC Certified School
DOJ-Bureau of Immigration Accredited School
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Mathematics 8 Jubie Ann L. Espenilla

 Azcona St., San Carlos City, Negros Occidental
Tel. Nos. 312-5242 & 312-5220 Telefax No. 729-9169
MATHEMATICS 8
3rd QUARTER
LEARNING MODULE 3

ANSWER SHEET
(Add additional sheets of bond papers if needed)

NAME: ____________________________________ Grade & Section: _______________

PRE-ASSESSMENT
1. __________________
2. __________________
3. __________________
4. __________________
5. __________________
6. __________________
7. ______________________________________________________________________________
8. ______________________________________________________________________________
9. ______________________________________________________________________________
10. ______________________________________________________________________________

ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PLAY JIGSAW!

Write the number of the space in the jigsaw where it fits.

PERFORMANCE CHECK
A. MY CORRESPONDING PARTS
1. 4.
2. 5.
3. 6.

B. TRUE OR FALSE
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.

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POST-ASSESMENT

Complete the table below.

SYNTHESIS JOURNAL
Lesson What I did. What I learned How I can use it.

CST-R Honor Pledge

A Thomasian is mature, responsible, socially committed and imbued with Augustinian

Recollect values, Christian ideals and Filipino nationalism.
I, ______________________ of Grade ___________ willfully recognized the importance of
personal dignity in all aspects of life, in my studies and in my work. I commit myself to
truthfulness, honor and responsibility in addition to the school’s core values of COURAGE
(Charity, Obedience, Universal, Recollection, Accountability, Grace and Environmental), by which
I earn the respect of others.
On my honor and dignity as a member of the CST-R community, I pledged that I have
accomplished this LEARNING MODULE with truthfulness and honesty.

Signature of Student: ___________________ Date : ___________

Name of Parent/Guardian: _________________________ Signature: ____________
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