Volume 7, Issue 2, February – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

The Issue of Charlatanin Architectural

Practice of Nigeria
Popoola, O. and Olajide, A.S
Department of Architecture,
Federal University of Technology, Akure

Abstract:- Architecture arose from man’s need and

struggle for shelter, since then, his most formidable and The inability of the component pieces to satisfy their
persistent challenge has come from the climate he lives expected requirements in part or whole, resulting in a
in. As far back as the renaissance epoch, architecture has collapse, is known as building failure. Building failures can
been recognized as an intellectual disciple rather than occur at any time during the construction process or after it
merely a craft to be learned in apprenticeship. In has been put into use. Bad design, faulty construction, use of
Current contemporary Nigerian practice, where sub-standard materials, hasty construction, foundation
architectural craftsmen (draughtsman) and all shades of failure, lack of proper supervision, ineffective enforcement
architecture illiterates become dominant parishioners of of the building codes by the relevant Planning Authorities,
the same profession,charlatan has been responsible for and lack of proper maintenance are all common causes of
many of the substandard buildings and known building building collapse in Nigeria (Folagbade, 2001 and Badejo,
failures.Charlatan has posed a severe danger to the 2009). When a component can no longer be depended on to
building construction sector from the beginning of time. perform its primary functions, it is said to have failed.
These issues do arise;however, they are not entirely Building failures can be of any of the following types:
distinct from various types of failures. More  Cosmetic failure: This is a failure that occurs when an
importantly, various attempts in the past, and even now, addition or subtraction is made on the building thus
to checkmate or control the threats connected with affecting the physical or structural outlook. Examples are
charlatans in the construction sector have generated deflections and visible cracks in slabs from loading, which
little or no results, and have frequently proven futile. is considered a defect but not a failure, although severe
However, the purpose of this article is to investigate the deflection can result in serious damage, which is now
issue of charlatan in Nigerian architectural practice and referred to as failure, it is considered a fault but not a
the dangers associated with it, as well as to state the failure.
current role of the architect and other related  Structural failure: This is a failure that arises from faulty
professionals in the construction industry in order to designs and material uses. It affects both the outlook as
find a long-term solution to the problem plaguing the well as the stability of the building structure resulting into
industry. collapse of one or more partsof the structure.

Keywords:- Apprentice, Architecture, Building Major catastrophic structural failures of buildings in

Failure,Climate,Draughtsman, Charlatan, Shelter. Nigeria are predominantly due to man-made factors as
aserted byAyinuola andOlalusi, 2004; Dimuna, 2010;
I. INTRODUCTION Amadiet al, 2012. However, considering the country's
geographical location, there are relatively few occurrences
Building failure and collapse are not uncommon in the where natural factors cause collapse, with the exception of a
construction sector around the world. Its frequency of few incidents of erosion and flooding (Amadi et al, 2012),
occurrence and the amount of related losses in terms of lives and these mainly affect low-rise (bungalow) buildings. Not
and property are especially prevalent in underdeveloped merely to disparage the construction team and or experts
countries, despite the fact that occurrences are never involved in the fallen structures, but when someone is killed
planned. Collapsed constructions, such as bridges, buildings, or gravely injured, these shortcomings become known to the
or other sorts of engineered structures, are not unique to public.
Nigeria. In fact, even a layperson on the streets of Nigeria
will see the trend of buildings collapsing (Olabosipo and II. AIM AND OBJECTIVES
Adedamola, 2010).
A. Aim
According to Fadamiro, 2001, an informal survey The aim of this project is to analyze and evaluate the
conducted by the Nigeria Institute of Buildings (NIOB) different cases of building collapsed in Nigeria, the various
revealed that during the past 66 years (1955-2021), more factors that are responsible for the building collapsed and
buildings may have collapsed during construction in Lagos the best way to combat future occurrence.
state than in the rest of the country combined, with many B. Objectives
similar cases across the country. Buildings are structures The objectives set out to achieve the above aim are to:
that provide shelter for people, their possessions, and their  explore the various building collapsed occurrence in
activities; they must be properly planned, designed, and Nigeria.
built to achieve desired satisfaction from and conformity to  analyze the factors that are responsible for the building
the environment, using durable, stable, and yet aesthetically collapsed.
appealing materials to aid the user(s) comfort.

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 evaluate the effects of the building collapsed. V. FACTORS AIDING CHARLATANIN
 recommend possible solutions to the building collapsed ARCHITECTURE
occurrence in Nigeria.
A. Unemployment:
III. DEFINITION OF A CHARLATAN An unemployed graduate of the building/construction
profession ravages the society in search for daily bread,
A “Charlatan” is a person who pretends or falsely charlatans may be raised as professionals in order to
claims a professional skill and qualification theydo not accomplish the work of other professions when the
possess. Contextually (as it relates to the ARCON economic climate is better. Consequently, draftsmen and
Registration Act No. 10 of the 1969); an individual that is other charlatans thus look over the services to the large
not qualified to plan or assume complete responsibility for sector, producing “architecture” of the level of their
the design, construction or commissioning of architectural competence.
building process. In the architecture and construction sector,
a charlatan is defined as a circumstance in which draftsmen Existing regulation stipulates that there is no building
or unregistered designers perform the duties of architects; without a plan. The official answer to the pertinent question
participates in the design process, structural detailing, of who prepares the plan immediately according to ARCON
building servicing, cost analysis and construction of reveals official confusion and lack of commitment to the
different kinds.Artisans and people in other fields also act as ideals of architecture ‘The permission of draftsmen to
if they have skills they don't have. A mason may pose as an design buildings not exceeding a floor’, thus, got grafted
architect or a builder due to years of experience in the field, into the slock of designers without any requirement of a
which invariably leads in building failures in a challenging licensed architect’s endorsement. This route consequently
situation requiring technical skill. provides ample way for all other categories of charlatans
into the design market. Other sharp practices like design
IV. HOW TO KNOW WHO A CHARLATANIS IN duplications found in-road through the same route.
ARCHITECTURE
B. The Building Plan Approval Process:
A charlatanis when: The plan approval process of the country’s Town
 Professionals such as Civil engineers, Project managers, Planning Authorities that is again devoid of professional
Urban planners, Estate valuers and Surveyors, Quantity architects’ inputs further aggravates the already cankered
surveyors, Interior designers etc. add architectural services situation as approval is given by professionals outside the
to their practice; discipline of architecture and who are not positioned to give
 A fully or partially trained architecture student /graduate proper architectural evaluation of architectural proposals.
with either ND, HND, B.Sc., MSc or Ph.D. degrees in
Architecture unsupervised and without license or C. Availability of Drafting Software:
registration with the profession’s statutory regulatory body In recent years, software such as AutoCAD, ArchiCAD,
(ARCON); 3D Home Architects, Delux, Revit, and others that can
 Artisans and individuals who have acquired architectural enhance graphics, simulations, and drafting in the field of
and construction skills on site such as mason, carpenters, architecture have become an easy way and short cut for
foremen, suppliers, contractors etc. practice architecture; other allied professionals such as Civil Engineers,
 Untrained individuals who have acquired knowledge and Mechanical Engineers, Electrical Engineers, Builders, and
skill only in the use of architectural design software such even untrained individuals or persons from other fields such
as AutoCAD, Revit, etc. practice architecture; and as English, Geography, Mathematics, and so on to become
 Individuals who are licenced in a foreign country, but full-tie architects carrying laptops around and marketing
choose to operate in Nigeria can also be problematic due their easy found way of enriching themselves to
to insufficient knowledge of the local laws and practices, unsuspecting clients (public) who are defrauded of their
and /or licensed practice architecture in different country money under the guise of receiving a professional service,
where they have no license. This issue may be overcome and this is oftentimes substandard design that had never
by obtaining local licencing, or working under the taken into consideration most of the design rudiments and
supervision of a practitioner licenced in Nigeria. minimum design requirements such as ventilation, lighting,
circulation, functionality, and so on.

Charlatans has caused a lot of damages and blemish to

the architectural profession, below are some of the
shortcomings of charlatan in Nigeria.

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ISSN No:-2456-2165
The following are recent cases of collapsed buildings recorded around the country:

Date Structure/Location Causes of collapse Casualties

June 2010 Residential under construction located at Oniru Substandard materials, haphazard works. 1
Estate, Victoria Island, Lagos.
June 2010 2-storey building under construction located at Non-compliance with building regulations 1
Nkwerre Street, Garki, Abuja.
July 2010 6 suspended floors for commercial purpose, located Substandard materials and unqualified 11
at Plot 702 Port-Harcourt crescent, Garki, Abuja. professionals
August 10, A wall fence, located at Aghaji crescent GRA, Drainage issues 1
2010 Enugu.
August 11, Uncompleted 4-storey building located at Ikole Substandard materials & disregard for 23
2010 street, Abuja. building regulations
September, 4-storey building located at 28, Tinubu street, VI Structural defect/overloading 3
2010 Lagos.
June 2011 Five-storey 11 Aderibigbe Street, located at No geotechnical investigation, None
Maryland, Lagos.
June 2011 4-storey building located at Ndiagu Amechi Road, Undersized reinforcement, 3
Enugu.
June 13, 2012. 2-floor Commercial building located at Apo There was no building permit and no 14
Mechanic Village, qualified person on the job site.
July 2012 101-year-old 3-storey commercial building located at The structure has reached its maximum 1
Hadeja Road by Ibrahim Taiwo Road, Gombe, capacity.
August 8, 2-storey building under construction 3, located at Poor quality materials, poor workmanship, 3
2012 Ademola Awosike Road Kubwa Extension III, inadequate/weak foundation.
Abuja.
November 20, Building in use located at Jakande estate Oke-Ake Structural failure and the government issued 3
2012 Afa, Isolo Lagos. a safety notice, but the occupants ignored it.
November 3, A twin four-storey duplex located at Victoria Island, Unknown 4
2013 Lagos.
September 12, Abu Naimi school building located at Bukuru Jos. Structural flaws and unauthorized 10
2014 September 2014. conversion
12, 2014 Synagogue Church of All Nations (SCOAN) located Structural failure 116
at Ikotun-Egbe area of Lagos state, Nigeria.
12, 2014 Synagogue Warehouse Church, located at Lagos. Demolition process
Ikotun-Egbe area of Lagos state, Nigeria.
-
September 30, Liberty power bible church, Benin Structural flaws and the use of inferior -
2014 materials
March 13, 4-storey building located at 6 Mogaji Street, Unknown 1
2015 Idumota, Lagos island
July 15, 2015 3-storey building located at Ebuta meta Lagos. Structural defects -
October 21, 3-storey building located at Swamp street Odunfa Structural defects -
2015 Lagos island.
March 9, 2016 A five-story building under construction located at The authorized number of floors has been 34
Lekki, Lagos. increased.
March 19, Two storey building located at Mile 12, Lagos. Structural defects 1
2016
April 2016. Residential building located at Horizon 1, Lekki Structural defects 18
Garden, Ikate.
December 10, The Reigners Bible Church located at Akwa Ibom Structural failure 100
2016 State, Nigeria.
July 25, 2017 4-storey building located at 3, Massey St, Lagos Undisclosed 6
Island, Lagos.
July 8, 2017 A storey building located at Ulakwo junction, Owerri Undisclosed 3
North LGA, Imo State.
August 18, Four storey building located at Zulu Gambari Road, Undisclosed -
2017 Ilorin.
July 17, 2018 4-storey building located at Owelle Aja Layout, Substandard materials with addition of two -
Obosi, Anambra. un-designed floors.
August 16, 4-storey building located at Jabi, FCT Abuja. Substandard materials 2

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2018
October 18, 3-storey building located at Okpuno, Otolo in Nnewi, Substandard materials. -
2018 Anambra.
October 2018 3-storey building located at Ifite Awka, Anambra Substandard material -
State.
November 23, 7-storey building located at Woji road, GRA phase 2, Undisclosed 5
2018 Port Harcourt.
February 3, 3-storey building located at Lagos Island. Not reported 2
2019
March 13, A three-storey building located at Ita Faaji area of The change of use of the building from the 20
2019 Lagos state, Nigeria original purpose.
March 15, 3-storey building under construction located at During construction, the concrete was not -
2019 Sogoye, Bode area of Ibadan properly cured.
August 17, Collapse building in Jabi Area of Abuja Undisclosed -
2018.
November 18, Faculty of Social Sciences, located at Benue State Undisclosed -
2018 University, Makurdi
February 15, Partial collapse of a seven-storey project of the Undisclosed -
2019. proposed new library, University of Lagos, Lagos.
Three storey building located at No 14 Massey Undisclosed -
Street, Ita – Faji, Lagos Island, Lagos
April 30, 2019 A-two storey building located at Eleyele Road in Undisclosed -
Jericho area Ibadan
May 24, 2019 Four-storey building at Ezenwa Street by Oganloye Undisclosed -
Junction, Onitsha
July 15, 2019 A-three-storey building at Seriki Street in Jos on Undisclosed -
Monday
August 17, A wing of the popular Metro View Hotel close to Undisclosed -
2019 Presco Campus of Ebonyi State University,
Abakaliki.
July 20, 2019 A-three-storey building under construction identified Undisclosed -
as the new 206 Hotel, located along Aghwana
Avenue Abraka.
November 1, The collapse of 21 storey building located at 44 B, C, Structural failure, 40
2021 D Gerrald Road, Ikoyi, Lagos. Addition to the approved number of floors.
17 November, The collapse of one storey building located at Sunny Structural failure 5
2021. Filled, Flour Mills, Estate, Magbon, Badagry, Lagos.
Table 1: Collapsed buildings recorded in Nigeria between 2010 and 2021

Sources: Awoyera P. O., Alfa J., Odetoyan A., and Akinwumi I. I. (2021).Building Collapse in Nigeria during recent years –
Causes, effects and way forward.

Bulletin of the Architects’ Registration Council of Nigeria (ARCON), 2019 Edition, Volume 07, 25 July 2019.

VI. CHARLATAN IN THE CONSTRUCTION causes of building failures include overturning of structures
INDUSTRY due to high wind loads and slide of structures due to lateral
loads.
Also, according to Olabosipo and Adedamola (2010),
the following are the causes of building failures in Nigeria: Environmental changes, natural and man-made risks,
 50 percent of the causes being owing to design flaws. poor presentation and interpretation in the design, and the
 40 percent to faults on construction sites deterioration of reinforced concrete which could occur as a
 10 percent as a result of poor design approval process for result of: corrosion are all key causes of structural failures.
drawings and poor supervision at the construction stage.
In addition, structural failures are caused by the
Building failures can occur at any level of the design inability of the design or supervision professional to conduct
approval process, including the drawings stage and the proper site investigations, accurately calculate design loads,
supervision/construction stage. Almost every catastrophic avoid the use of sub-standard building materials, have a
incidence in Nigeria has been attributed to either developers good design layout, and understand structural analysis and
who failed to follow building rules, or professional builders, design principles.
architects, and engineers, as well as government institutions
tasked with ensuring strict compliance. Other prominent Failure of a structure occurs when any portion of the
structure, or the entire structure, becomes unsuited for the

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intended loads for which it was designed. Any of the VII. STATUTORY REGULATING BODIES AND
following three conditions could lead to a structure's failure: PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS
 Serviceability limit state failure occurs when it becomes
unserviceable by undergoing excessive deflection and They are in charge of overseeing and regulating the
cracking; building's activities. They make sure that both the architect
 Ultimate limit state failure happens when it fails by and the contractor follow all applicable laws, regulations,
overturning, ultimate collapse, or wobbling of the and constraints. They include; the town planner, building
columns. The structure is said to have failed in Ultimate control officer and public health inspectors.
limit state.  Architects Registration council of Nigeria (ARCON)
 Durability failure has to do with the weakening of the  Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria
components beyond reparable limits. (COREN)
 Quantity Surveyors Registration Council of Nigeria
The traditional materials used in previous centuries (QSRBN)
made buckling not a major structural problem and multi-  Surveyors Registration Body of Nigeria (SURCON)
storey structures were uncommon during these ages. There  Town Planners Registration Council of Nigeria
is a tendency to make sure important structures do not fail (TOPREC)
by using materials generously making many of the roman  Council of Registered Builders in Nigeria (CORBON)
structures survived till date (Taiwo & Afolami, 2011). The  Estate Surveyors and Valuers Registration Board of
standard of living has increased over the centuries bringing Nigeria (ESVARBON)
with it huge strides in technological advancements. Today,
there are better procedures, more durable materials, better A. Architect:
construction machinery and more advanced knowledge on Definition of Architecture in the context of ARCON act.
construction. However, with all the advances in technology,  Use of appellation “Architect”: Subject to the
there are still cases of collapse in countries of the world, provisions of the Act, a person shall not prepare or take
though more prevalent in developing countries like Nigeria. full responsibility for the erection or commissioning of
Collapse in the developed countries is majorly due to natural architectural building plans or practice or carry on
causes or man-made causes like bombings like the world business other than that having relevance to ship
trade centre. However, collapse in developing countries are construction, or to landscape golf - links under any
usually due to poor quality or substandard materials, poor name, style or title containing the word “architect”
supervision, non-adherence to standards and regulations, unless he is a Nigerian citizen and registered with the
unqualified professional, overloading, no geotechnical/sub- Council.
soil investigation, poor construction procedure, illegal  Definition : “The definition of architecture according
approval,wrong demolition process, lack of maintenance to Architects Registration Council of Nigeria
and numerous others (Ede, 2016). (ARCON, 2001) is the art and science in theory and
practice of design, erection, commissioning,
 The possible causes of building collapse in Nigeria are: maintenance and management and co-ordination of
 The lack of a report on the soil load bearing test; allied professional inputs thereto of buildings, or part
 Quacks manage structural designs and technicalities; thereof and the layout.
 There is a lack of coordination between professional
organizations and the local planning authority; Initiates the design of the building project by
 Unqualified and inexperienced workers unable to translating the client’s ideas into graphical and workable
comply to specifications; design/drawings. The Architectural profession is subject to
 Construction techniques that are poor or non- an act of parliament i.e. a registered profession, with a
existent; regulatory body “ARCON”. Only those qualified in
 The use of low-quality construction materials; accordance with the regulations can be admitted to the
 There is a lack of competent monitoring; register. However, it is only the name ‘architect’ that is
 Insufficient enforcement of current enabling building protected; anyone can carry out the role as long as the name
regulations; is not used. As the name implies, the architect should be the
 Illegal conversions of structures, which frequently master builder- the leader of the building industry or team.
result in structural flaws;
 Developers/landlords' flagrant disregard for town An architect must visualize the interior as well as the
planning restrictions; exterior of the building, ensuring that the accommodation
 Some employees of the town planning authority have properly relates to the requirements of owner/user, within a
a compromised approach; predetermined set budget. Architects partner with other
 There are no penalties for errant professionals or allied professionals to interpret with designs, and their
landlords. involvement during the erection of a building, to achieve the
ultimate success of his designs. The followings enumerate
the role of architects as it evolves in present times:
 To advise and confer with the employer (not as a lawyer)
on any restrictions that may apply to the usage of the site
to be constructed on, such as restrictive covenants,
adjoining owners' or the public's rights to the land, or

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statutes and by-laws that impact the works to be being available. Some structural engineers will offer
completed. drainage and other infrastructure advice; alternatively,
 Examine the location, subsoil, and surrounding design input on these issues may be provided by an engineer
environment. specializing solely in this type of work.
 To consult with the employer and provide advice on the
proposed job. C. Service Engineer:
 If required, prepare sketch plans and a specification for the These are services that deal with the mechanical and
proposed work, as well as an estimate of the likely cost. electrical aspects of a construction project. Services
engineers provides advice, specification and schematic or
 Detailed working drawings, construction details, and
detailed drawings and are sometimes responsible for
specification notes must be prepared.
obtaining tenders from specialist firms. They should be
 To confer with the employer and provide advice on
available throughout the early stages of design and should
possible tendering procedures.
be actively involved in ensuring that services are properly
 To provide the builder with copies of the contract integrated into the design.
drawings and specifications, to provide any additional
drawings/details, to give instructions as needed, to D. Quantity Surveyor:
supervise the work, to ensure that the contractor fulfils the Quantity Surveyors Registration Board of Nigeria
contract, and to notify the employer if the contractor (QSRBN) is the regulatory body of the quantity surveying
breaches the contract in any way. profession and practice in Nigeria. It was established by
 To perform his obligations to his employer as defined by Decree No. 31 of December 5, 1986, now CAP 383 Laws of
the contract with his employer or the contract with the the Federation of Nigeria (LFN). To ensure that all quantity
builder, and to act as the employer's agent in all matters surveying graduates produced by higher institutions of
relating to the work and the contract, except where the learning in Nigeria meet internationally required standards.
contract with the builder specifies otherwise, such as when
he is required to act as arbitrator or quasi-arbitrator. He is the project accountant, employed solely to
control the project cost through; preliminary cost advice,
Architects must have a thorough understanding of preparation of bills of quantities, conduct valuations and
construction and related trades, as well as a functional other related cost expertise for the building project. Their
understanding of more specialized parts of construction, involvement was limited to a small but crucial element of
such as mechanical and electrical engineering services. the development process. This responsibility was quickly
Above all, they must be innovative and committed to expanded to include preparing interim certificate valuations
resolving the difficulties identified in the brief. and negotiating final accounts with the contractor. In today's
world, a quantity surveyor's job can be summarized as
B. Structural Engineer: follows:
The Council for the Regulation of Engineering in  Preliminary cost advice.
Nigeria, COREN, was established by decree 55 of 1970 and
 Cost planning.
amended by Decree 27 of 1992, now the “Engineers
(Registration, etc.) Act, CAP E11 of 2004” Law of the  Value management.
Federal Republic of Nigeria.  Risk analysis.
 Procurement and tendering procedures.
The Council for the Regulation of Engineering in  Contract documentation.
Nigeria, COREN, is a body set-up by the Decrees 55/70 and  Tender evaluation.
27/92 (now Acts 110). The Decrees gave the Council the  Cash flow forecasting, financial reporting and interim
authority to regulate and control engineering education and payments.
practice in Nigeria, as well as to ensure and enforce the  Final accounting.
registration of all engineering personnel (i.e. Engineers,  Insolvency services
Engineering Technologists, Engineering Technicians, and  Technical auditing.
Engineering Craftsmen) and consulting firms wishing to
practice or engage in engineering. E. Land Surveyor:
The surveyors Council of Nigeria (SURCON) was
They will create structural designs from the established by decree on 14th. December 1989, of Decree 44
foundations to the roof, as well as provide guidance on Known as the surveyors Registration Council of Nigeria.
ground conditions on projects that require such services.
They will be responsible for the building's structural F. Its mandate is to:
stability, which includes:  Securing, in accordance with the provisions of this Act,
 Structural advices. the establishment and maintenance of a register of
 Structural details and specification. persons entitled to practice the profession and the
 Structural design and oversight of ongoing construction. publication, from time to time, of lists of such persons;
 Regulating and controlling the practice of the
They should be available throughout the design stages profession in all its ramifications;
as an early appointment and their advice will greatly
influence the outcome of the project, which in many cases This is a specialist that measures land area and height
cannot be furthered without the basic structural information levels of the site in relation to the town and country at large.

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He gives the total dimensions of the land and uses denoted regulatory bodies, should guarantee that their members
beacons to mark necessary points and stations. He also follow the processes involved in service provision and
assists in the proper location of the building and other delivery, with harsh penalties for those who do not. To aid
services on site. in the fight against charlatans and protect standards, the
public should always patronize professionals for their
G. Town Planners: development needs in the building construction sector. The
Town planners’ registration Council of Nigeria government, agencies, and professional organizations should
(TOPREC) was established by decree no 3 of 1988 to guarantee that the public is constantly informed about their
regulate the practice of Town planning in Nigeria. Its operations in the fight against charlatans and the
mandate includes the followings accompanying threat. All project designs and drawings
 ensuring the development and maintenance of a should have on it ARCON Project Registration Number
registry of persons authorized to practice the (APRN) before approval and implementation. The APRN
profession in conformity with this Act, as well as the was initiated by ARCON to curb charlatan.
dissemination of names of those persons from time to
time; VIII. CONCLUSION
 regulating and controlling the practice of the
profession in all its aspects and ramifications It is no longer an exaggeration to argue that the
charlatan epidemic has harmed the development of the
H. Builder: Nigerian construction industry. The failures linked with
The Council of Registered Builders of Nigeria, charlatan are immense and difficult to quantify. The
CORBON was established by Federal Republic of Nigeria environmental damage, as well as the shame it brings to the
Act Cap No. 40(formerly known as Decree No. 45 of 1989), industry's specialists, should not be neglected. The resulting
and now established by BUILDERS REGISTRATION ACT loss of life and assets linked with building collapse in the
CAP. B13LFN 2004. face of the current unfavorable climate is cause for concern
The Council, as defined in Section 2 of the law, is a for everyone (Dare, 2001). Indeed, victims are not limited
body corporate empowered to regulate the practice of to the residents of collapsed buildings, let alone passers-by
building construction, maintenance, and management in or neighbors and their properties, which are sometimes
Nigeria. packed up into the vortex of the phenomena. While many
other industrialized countries, such as Malaysia, Singapore,
The contractor employs him to plan, monitor, and and Arab countries, build skyscrapers (even in locations
supervise the project's progress through site administration, prone to natural disasters such as earthquakes), we still have
project construction management, project monitoring, and incidences of building collapse involving two or three-story
assessment. Depending on the scale and complexity of the structures in Nigeria. It is acknowledged, however, that
contract, he can work as contract manager, site agent, or charlatans are responsible for more than half of all building
supervisor. collapses and other related failures; therefore, if
professionals and all stakeholders are allowed or forced to
I. Building Contractor: perform their full responsibilities to society in relation to the
This is a person or company that carries out the current trend of development in the industry, the threat will
construction work as specified in the blueprints. He be eliminated. During the design and construction process,
assembles a team of all relevant professionals, supervises certified professionals must conduct thorough evaluations
construction, and guarantees that all necessary steps are and checks. Finally, investors and building owners should
completed to complete a project. A building contractor is a be educated about the risk of a building collapsing due to
company that works on the design, development, and excessive intervention in the construction process.
construction of a building.
REFERENCES
J. Estate surveyors:
The Estate Surveyors and Valuers Registration Board of [1.] Ajufoh, M. O., Gumau, W. A., & Inusa, Y. J. (2014).
Nigeria was established by Decree No. 24 of 1975 now CAP Curbing the Menace of Building Collapse in Nigeria.
E13 LFN 2007 to regulate the practice of Estate surveyors in International Letters of Natural Sciences, 168–178.
Nigeria. https://doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.20.168
[2.] Akinyemi, A. P., Dare, G. M., Anthony, A. I., &
Source:NIA/ARCON ACPE Preparatory Seminar- Dabara, D. I. (2016a). Building Collapse in Nigeria:
16th. July 2019. Issues and Challenges Building Collapse in
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