LABORATOR Y EXPERIMENT NO.

1 (PLC BASIC PROGRAMS)

DIMEN, Mark Anthony B. CONTROLS ENGINEERING 14/10/2021

ACTIVITY NO. 1: Write a ladder program that will individually turn on 3 lamps with 3
different inputs.

SIMULATED PROGRAM:

I/O ADDRESS USED:

INPUT/ OUTPUT ADDRESS SYMBOL

10.0 Switch 1
10.1 Switch 2
10.2 Switch 3
O0.0 Lamp 1
O0.1 Lamp 2
O0.2 Lamp 3

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATIONS:

- As I run the simulation, I observe that all the Lamps will only be turned on if the switches connected to
each of them are also switched on or energized. This means that we can also turn the lamps off
individually by their own switches. And since they are separated, meaning they have individual rungs
 and not connected with one another, Lamps or the output will only be affected if their corresponding
input is energized. So, in this case, we can see that the current flows continuously only when the
circuits or rungs are connected. However, since they have individual rungs, they also have separate
flows of current.

ACTIVITY NO. 2 Write a ladder program that will turn on the motor output when the
START button is pressed and will remain ON when the START button is not pressed unless
stop button will be pressed.

SIMULATED PROGRAM:

I/O ADDRESS USED:

INPUT/ OUTPUT ADDRESS SYMBOL

% 10.0 IN0
% 10.1 IN1
% Q0.0 MO

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATIONS:

Question: What happened to the output when you on the start button and off it again?

- When you start the button controller, all the input and output run. But if you stop the button controller
it again only the input % 10.0 and % 10.0 are run.
ACTIVITY NO. 3 Write a program that will turn on the output when the 3 inputs are
energized.

SIMULATED PROGRAM:

I/O ADDRESS USED:

INPUT/ OUTPUT ADDRESS SYMBOL

%I0.0 INPUT_1
%I0.1 INPUT_2
%I0.2 INPUT_3
%Q0.0 OUTPUT_1

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATIONS:

Question: When will the output be energized?

- The output will work or will be energized when the three (3) contacts (inputs) are connected in just one
path into the Coil (output). Also, it is possible to work when the input 1 has equivalent input address
(%I0.0), input 2 (%I0.1), input 3 (%I0.2), and output 1 with the output address (%Q0.0). I realized
that even though we have many inputs in different path, if these are connected to each other, the output
 will also work. Lastly, I realized that if we put different kind of contacts such as negated, rising edge,
and falling edge, the output will not work, and the rung body will have an error in simulation. The
same result when we put different kind of coil such as negated, set, and reset.

ACTIVITY NO. 4 Write a program that will turn on the output when the 1 or more inputs
are energized.

SIMULATED PROGRAM:

I/O ADDRESS USED:

INPUT/ OUTPUT ADDRESS SYMBOL

%I0.0 Switch 1
%I0.1 Switch 2
%I0.2 Switch 3
%Q.0 Coil/ Lamp 1

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATIONS (WHEN WILL THE OUTPUT BE ENERGIZED?):

Question: At what input state(s) will the output be off? What other observations did you noticed?

- The only way the output will be off is when you took off all the inputs. I also observed that when I
turned on all switches or inputs the output is still on. At normal state. Since the input is a Normally
open contact, naturally current does not flow.
ACTIVITY NO. 5 (Switching Program: Write a program that switches on/off the lamp whether you’re at the
bottom or at the top of the staircase)

SIMULATED PROGRAM:

I/O ADDRESS USED:

INPUT/ OUTPUT ADDRESS SYMBOL

I0.0 N.O CONTACT
I0.1 N.O CONTACT
I0.0 N.C CONTACT
I0.1 N.C CONTACT
O0.0 RUNG COIL
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATIONS:

- Reflecting on the data gathered, between the first and second floors, there is a lamp with a switch
control along each floor. Due to the obvious information acquired and the scenario run, each switch
control works independently, and even if a person is on the first floor, he or she can turn it off from the
second floor. As a result, the output is connected through each switch and can be controlled
independently.

ACTIVITY NO. 6 (Cooling Fan: Write a program that will turn on a motor when the start
button is pressed. At the same instance a timer will start and after 10s a memory bit will start
the cooling fan.)
SIMULATED PROGRAM:

I/O ADDRESS USED:

INPUT/ OUTPUT ADDRESS SYMBOL

I0.0 START BUTTON
I0.1 STOP BUTTON
M0 START MEMORY
Q0.0 MOTOR
M1 COOLSTART MEMORY
Q0.1 COOLING FAN

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATIONS:

- The experiment observed that pressing the start button activates the relay. Because of the latch in the
ladder rung, when the start button is released, the relay remains activated. When the stop button is
pressed, the latching mechanism is broken. To avoid dangerous situations in the event of a failure, the
 system used normally closed as a stop button. When the main switch (I0.0) is activated, the motor
(Q0.0) and the start memory are also activated, indicating that power is on. When I start the simulator
and press the start button, the cooling fan and cool start memory begin to function after a 10-second
timer. When the rung is turned ON, the timer begins to run. The current time value in this program is
10 seconds, which means that the Q output will not activate until the "Start" switch is depressed for 10
seconds. Finally, pressing the stop button turns the motor off in either way.

ACTIVITY NO. 7 Write a Ladder program that will simulate an automatic door opening
system. When a person is detected, the door will open up to a certain limit. When no one is
passing for 10 seconds straight the door will close up to a close state limit.

SIMULATED PROGRAM:
When timer is running:
Timer stops running:

I/O

ADDRESS USED:

INPUT/ OUTPUT ADDRESS SYMBOL

%I0.0 IN0_START
%I0.1 IN1_STOP
%M0 MEM_0
%I0.2 DETECT_SENSOR
%I0.3 OPEN_LIMIT_SENSOR
%Q0.0 OPEN_MOTOR
%TM0 TIMER
%M1 CLOSE_DOOR
%I0.4 CLOSE_LIMIT_SENSOR
%Q0.1 CLOSE_MOTOR
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATIONS:

- As I input all the data from the picture shown, it is now time for it to run the
program. As the simulator launches, when I run 0, it means that the sequence is now
ready. Next is when I run 2, I observed that the sensor detected a person pass
through it as a sign, the input %I0.2 turns green. So that in that part, the door is
open. When I run 3, the timer will now command that the door will close after 10
seconds if the sensor do not detect any person that pass through it. After the timer
or the count down, you will see that the Close door below will turn green, then if you
click again 2, the Motor now will close.

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY:

1. Write a ladder program that will make the output state on only when 5 inputs are in
“ON state”
2. Write a ladder program that will make the output state on for 10 seconds given that 2
inputs are in “ON” state