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Abstracts From Journals About Canxer

The document contains abstracts from journals about cancer. It discusses the epidemiology of ovarian cancer including genetic and environmental risk factors. It also discusses prostate cancer screening controversies and reviews different types of leukemia.

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Maria Mikaela Mallare
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26 views5 pages

Abstracts From Journals About Canxer

The document contains abstracts from journals about cancer. It discusses the epidemiology of ovarian cancer including genetic and environmental risk factors. It also discusses prostate cancer screening controversies and reviews different types of leukemia.

Uploaded by

Maria Mikaela Mallare
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Abstracts from

Journals about
Cancer
Prepared by:

Mallare, Ma. Mikaela, D.C.


Epidemiology of ovarian cancer: a review
Brett M. Reid, Jennifer B. Permuth, Thomas A. Sellers Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of
Population Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa 33612, FL, USA
 

ABSTRACT

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the seventh most commonly diagnosed cancer


among women in the world and the tenth most common in China. Epithelial
OC is the most predominant pathologic subtype, with five major histotypes
that differ in origination, pathogenesis, molecular alterations, risk factors, and
prognosis. Genetic susceptibility is manifested by rare inherited mutations with
high to moderate penetrance. Genome-wide association studies have
additionally identified 29 common susceptibility alleles for OC, including 14
subtype-specific alleles. Several reproductive and hormonal factors may lower
risk, including parity, oral contraceptive use, and lactation, while others such as
older age at menopause and hormone replacement therapy confer increased
risks. These associations differ by histotype, especially for mucinous OC, likely
reflecting differences in etiology. Endometrioid and clear cell OC share a
similar, unique pattern of associations with increased risks among women with
endometriosis and decreased risks associated with tubal ligation. OC risks
associated with other gynecological conditions and procedures, such as
hysterectomy, pelvic inflammatory disease, and polycystic ovarian syndrome,
are less clear. Other possible risk factors include environmental and lifestyle
factors such as asbestos and talc powder exposures, and cigarette smoking.
The epidemiology provides clues on etiology, primary prevention, early
detection, and possibly even therapeutic strategies.
Prostate Cancer: Screening and Early
Detection

ABSTRACT

Prostate cancer screening remains a source of major


controversy in the United States.1 The potential benefits and harms
continue to be debated among health professionals despite more
than a decade of prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening and
early detection. Among the concerns are the possibility that screening
and early detection will not impact on the deaths related to prostate
cancer, the potential for treatment-related morbidity and mortality,
and the cost of screening, diagnosis, and treatment to society. This
article discusses these concerns and highlights the latest
developments in prostate cancer screening and early detection.
Despite more than a decade of prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based
screening, the proven impact of screening on mortality due to
prostate cancer continues to be controversial. A literature review of
issues pertaining to the epidemiology, screening, early detection, and
mortality as they relate to prostate cancer was conducted. Included in
the review are PSA refinements, controversies of screening, and
organization guidelines. Finally, recent reports of mortality rates in the
post-PSA era are presented for discussion.
Leukemia: A review

ABSTRACT

Leukemia is a cancer of white blood cells. It is


characterized by an accumulation of WBC in the bone
marrow which leads to bone marrow failure and is
manifested in form of anemia and thrombocytopenia.
This arises from neoplastic transformation usually of a
single cell. There are four common types of leukemia: 1)
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia 2) Acute myeloblastic
leukemia 3) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia 4) Chronic
myeloid leukemia. The study was designed to find out
the predominant type of leukemia. 80 leukemia cases
which comprised of all bone marrow aspirates and
peripheral blood slide result with specific age, sex and
ward of patients was analyzed in the hematology
laboratory.

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