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Q 3 Define Statical Graphs

The document discusses different types of graphs used in statistics including bar graphs, line graphs, histograms, and pie charts. It provides examples and brief explanations of each graph type as well as exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric, and frequency distribution graphs.

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Munazzah Noreen
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25 views5 pages

Q 3 Define Statical Graphs

The document discusses different types of graphs used in statistics including bar graphs, line graphs, histograms, and pie charts. It provides examples and brief explanations of each graph type as well as exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric, and frequency distribution graphs.

Uploaded by

Munazzah Noreen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Statistical graphs present data and the results of statistical analysis, assist in the analysis of

data, and occasionally are used to facilitate statistical computation. Presentation graphs include
the familiar bar graph, pie chart, line graph, scatterplot, and statistical map. Data analysis
employs these graphical forms as well as others. Computational graphs ("nomographs")
sometimes display data but usually show theoretical frequency. This article emphasizes the
role of graphs in data analysis, although many of the considerations raised here also apply to
graphical presentation.

Although it generally is recognized that the pictorial representation of information is a particularly


effective mode of communication, statistical graphs seldom appear in sociological publications.
Figure 1, from Cleveland (1984), shows the relative space devoted to graphs in leading
scientific publications, including four sociology journals. Sociology, of course, is not a wholly
quantitative discipline. Nevertheless, even a cursory examination of publications in the field
reveals that sociologists much more frequently report numerical information in tabular than in
graphical form. Informal observation also suggests that sociologists usually analyze numerical
data without the assistance of statistical graphs, a situation that may be changing.

Statistical Graphs
A statistical graph or chart is defined as the pictorial representation of statistical data in graphical
form. The statistical graphs are used to represent a set of data to make it easier to understand and
interpret statistical information. The different types of graphs that are commonly used in statistics are
given below.

Types of Graphs in Statistics


The four basic graphs used in statistics include bar, line, histogram and pie charts. These are
explained here in brief.

Bar Graph
Bar graphs are the pictorial representation of grouped data in vertical or horizontal rectangular bars,
where the length of bars is proportional to the measure of data. The chart’s horizontal axis
represents categorical data, whereas the chart’s vertical axis defines discrete data.
Click here to know more about bar graphs and its types.

Line Graph
A graph that utilizes points and lines to represent change over time is defined as a line graph. In
other words, it is a chart that shows a line joining several points or a line that shows the relation
between the points. The diagram depicts quantitative data between two changing variables with a
straight line or curve that joins a series of successive data points. Linear charts compare these two
variables on a vertical and horizontal axis.

Histogram
A histogram chart displays the frequency of discrete and continuous data in a dataset using
connected rectangular bars. Here, the number of observations that fall into a predefined class
interval represented by a rectangular bar.
Learn more about histogram and its type here.

Pie Chart
A pie chart used to represent the numerical proportions of a dataset. This graph involves dividing a
circle into various sectors, where each sector represents the proportion of a particular element as a
whole. This is also called a circle chart or circle graph.

Click here to know more about pie charts along with the advantages and disadvantages.

Exponential Graphs
Exponential graphs are the representation of exponential functions using the table of values and
plotting the points on a graph paper..
For example, the graph of y = 3x is an increasing one while the graph of y = 3-x is a decreasing one.
Graph of y = 3x:
Graph of y = 3-x

Logarithmic Graphs
Logarithmic functions are inverse of exponential functions and the methods of plotting them are
similar. To plot logarithmic graphs, it is required to make a table of values and then plot the points
accordingly on a graph paperFor example, the inverse graph of y = 3x will be y = log3 {x} which will
be as follows:
Trigonometric Graphs
Trigonometry graphs are plotted below for the 6 trigonometric functions, which include sine function,
cosine function, tangent function, cotangent function,

Frequency Distribution Graph


A frequency distribution graph is used to show the frequency of the outcomes in a particular sample.
For frequency distribution graphs, the table of values made by placing the outcomes in one column
and the number of times they appear (i.e. frequency) in the other column

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