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DIVISION OF NAVOTAS CITY

INTRODUCTION TO THE
PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN
PERSON
First Semester

S.Y. 2021-2022
NAVOTAS CITY PHILIPPINES
(Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person) for Senior High School
Alternative Delivery Mode
First Semester
Second Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education


Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module


Writer: Monica E. Barbecho/ Riah G. Bulatao/ Anna Bernadeth C. Cruz
Editors: Editha R. Reyes
Reviewers: Ruth R. Reyes
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Johnny Fred Limbawan
Management Team: Alejandro G. Ibañez, OIC- Schools Division Superintendent
Isabelle S. Sibayan, OIC- Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Loida O. Balasa, Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
Ruth R. Reyes, EPS in Araling Panlipunan
Grace R. Nieves, EPS In Charge of LRMS
Lorena J. Mutas, ADM Coordinator
Vergel Junior C. Eusebio, PDO II LRMS

Inilimbag sa Pilipinas ng ________________________

Department of Education – Navotas City


Office Address: BES Compound M. Naval St. Sipac-Almacen Navotas City
____________________________________________
Telefax: 02-8332-77-64
____________________________________________
E-mail Address: ____________________________________________
Navotas.city@deped.gov.ph
Table of Contents
QUARTER 1

What I Know ................................................................................1

Module 1......................................................................................3

Module 2......................................................................................11

Module 3......................................................................................19

Module 4......................................................................................32

Assessment ..................................................................................45

Answer Key ..................................................................................47

References ...................................................................................49

QUARTER 2

What I Know ................................................................................51

Module 5......................................................................................54

Module 6......................................................................................62

Module 7......................................................................................70

Module 8......................................................................................83

Assessment ..................................................................................90

Answer Key ..................................................................................93

References ...................................................................................94
PRETEST (10 Items)
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen
letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The branch of philosophy which deals with questions regarding reality and
existence.
a. Metaphysics
b. Ethics
c. Epistemology
d. Logic
2. People who engage in philosophy are called ___________________.
a. Philosophizing
b. Philosophers
c. Philosophize
d. philosophizer
3. This term refers to man as a species and distinguishes man from other
animals.
a. man
b. human
c. person
d. human being
4. This refers to an individual who is actively aware that he or he is perceiving
and experiencing reality.
a. self
b. human
c. person
d. human person
5. This refers to the totality of an individual who possesses awareness, self-
determination, and the capacity to interact with others.
a. Transcendence
b. interiority
c. person
d. man

6. This is the ability to surpass limits.


a. Transcendence
b. interiority
c. Externality
d. Free will

1
7. This is the branch of philosophy that is concerned with the natural
environment and humanity’s place in it.
a. environmentalism
b. environmental philosophy
c. environmental aesthetics
d. environmental justice
8. This view considers man the most important species on the planet.
a. biocentrism
b. ecocentrism
c. anthropocentrism
d. environmentalism

B. IDENTIFICATION: Identify the following. Write your answer on paper.

9. This is a judgement based on certain facts. ________________________

10. These are statements that express convictions that are not easily explained by
facts. _______________________

2
MODULE 1

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
on how to use simple and compound sentences. The scope of this module permits it
to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

Lesson 1 - What is Philosophy?

After going through this module, you are expected to:


1. Distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial point of view

2. Realize the value of doing philosophy in obtaining a broad perspective on life;

3. Do a philosophical reflection on a concrete situation from a holistic


perspective.

3
Lesson
What is Philosophy?
1
Mind Map
When you hear the word philosophy what words come to your mind? Write
your answer in your notebook.

Philosophy

Notes to the Teacher

It is very important to have an ample knowledge and


understanding about philosophy and having a holistic perspective
in looking at a situation for us to broaden our comprehension of
different point of view and decide which was the proper actions we
had to do. Reflect possible outcome of a certain actions.

4
Activity 1: My views!
Look at the pictures below. What can you say about them? Describe
their similarities and differences. Relate it to a person thinking/
perspective? Write your answer in your notebook.

____________________________
____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________

5
What is Philosophy?
The word philosophy comes from two Greek words: philos (love) and sophia
(wisdom). The ancient Greeks used this term to refer to “love of wisdom” – and they
soon applied it to the study or discipline that uses human reason to investigate the
ultimate causes, reasons and principles which govern all things. People who engage
in philosophy are called philosophers or “lovers of wisdom”. Among the ancient
Greeks, the philosophers became pioneers in various fields of knowledge such as
history, biology, medicine, mathematics, astronomy and even physics.

Since ancient times, philosophers have been pondering some of the most
enduring questions regarding human existence. The following are some of them.
What is real? Are we able to perceive and understand reality and everything in it?

What is the ultimate cause of all things? What is our purpose in this world?

To what extent are our choices and actions considered “free”?

Why is there a need to philosophize?


Philosophers have often wondered and argued about the role of philosophy in
man’s life.

• The Greek philosopher Plato traced man’s need to philosophize to his sense of
wonder. Whenever we are confronted with an experience, we always wonder how
it came about.
• The 15th–century French philosopher Rene Descartes traced the need to
philosophize to doubt. In life, we will be faced with several ideas and arguments
which present themselves as “truths.” A critical and questioning perspective is
necessary to determine if indeed these ideas or views are correct or true.
• The 20t –century Swiss-German philosopher Karl Jaspers saw the need to
philosophize because of experience. Jaspers believed that man is often
confronted by experiences which challenge his ideas and frameworks. For
Jaspers, philosophy provides us a means to understand adverse or challenging
conditions, and to rise above them and gain new knowledge and perspectives.
Finally, the need to philosophize is driven by the love for wisdom. To love for wisdom
is to have an insatiable desire for truth.

Branches of Philosophy
Philosophy itself is a distinct area of knowledge with its own goals, concerns,
and ways of doing things. It is often divided into several branches each of which
deals with a particular aspect of life or phenomena.

6
A. Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy which deals with questions regarding
reality and existence. A very big part of the metaphysician’s talk is to explain
that part of our experience which we call unreal in terms of what we call real.
B. Ethics is the branch of philosophy that explores the nature of moral virtue
and evaluates human actions. Philosophical ethics attempts to provide an
account of our fundamental ethical ideas. Whereas religion has often
motivated individuals to obey the moral code of their society, philosophy is not
content with traditional or habitual ethics but adopt a critical perspective.
C. Epistemology discusses the nature of knowledge and knowing. It explains
how we know what we claim to know; how we can find out what we wish to
know; and lastly how we differentiate truth from falsehood.
D. Logic a branch of philosophy which deals with correct thinking and reasoning.
Logic is not interested in what we know regarding certain subjects. Its concern
rather, is the truth or the validity of our arguments regarding such objects.
E. Aesthetics deals with beauty and what makes things “beautiful”. As a branch
of philosophy, students should consider the importance of aesthetics because
of the following: a. It vitalizes our knowledge; b. It helps us to live more deeply
and richly; and lastly c. It brings us in touch with our culture.

The difference between holistic thinking and partial thinking


Holistic thinking refers to a perspective that consider large-scale patterns in
system. This is often described as looking at the “big picture” when describing and
analyzing a situation or problem. A holistic perspective requires an individual to
have an open mindset and an ability to get the general sense or impression regarding
a situation. Partial thinking, on the other hand, focuses on specific aspects of a
situation. The partial views is an important component of analytic thinking, as an
individual focuses on certain areas or aspects of a problem in order to understand
it. Though partial thinking is useful, philosophy utilizes holistic thinking in making
sense of problems and issues related to the human experience.

A holistic view also gives rise to a more appreciative about life, as we are able
to look at life in its totality. This means that we try to understand a situation from
different vantage points so we can see it more fully.

7
Activity: Discuss with the Family
Discuss with your other family members a problem or issue encountered your
family. Fill in the chart below, you may ask for help to answer this activity.

PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED OF MY FAMILY

My Mother’s Views My Father’s Views

My Brother’s /Sister’s Views My Own Views

Other important views or things to consider

SOLUTION

8
Activity: Philosophy Tree
Upon understanding the different Branches of Philosophy. In this activity
you can write an example in each branch. Feel free to express your ideas.

9
I can Philosophize
This activity allows you to philosophize, just be sincere in answering. You may
answer this in your notebook.

Among the needs that drive man to


philosophize, which is most relevant to you?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
______________

Reflect on your life so far. Can you say that


you have lived a meaningful life, considering
all your experiences and achievement? What
things are you looking forward to in the
future?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
______________

10
MODULE 2

This module was designed and written with you in


mind. It is here to help you master on how to use simple
and compound sentences. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged
to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the
order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.
Lesson 2 - Methods of Philosophizing
Lesson 3 - Human Person as an Embodied Spirit
Lesson 4 – Human Person in the Environment

After going through this module, you are expected to:


1. Distinguish opinion from truth
2. Realize that the methods of philosophy lead to
wisdom and truth.
3. Evaluate truth from opinions in different
situations using the methods of philosophizing.

11
Lesson
Methods of Philosophizing
2
Activity: Let’s Ponder
A. Which of the following statement are TRUE.

1. The sun is the center of the solar system.


2. Europe is the largest continent in the world.
3. God made the world in seven days
4. Man has the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
5. China’s continued occurring in the Spratly is a violation of
international law.
6. A man must always consider the interest of his or her family before
his or her own happiness.
7. Citizens have the right to take up arms and topple an oppressive
government.
8. President Duterte has done very little to uphold democracy and look
after the interest of the Filipino people.

B. Answer the questions inside the train relative to the statements


above. Write your answer in your notebook

C.

Process Questions:

• have you ever encountered some “controversial” or doubtful claims in


media or in your everyday conversation? Share it in your class
• Why the concept of truth is very important us and to philosopher in
their search for meaning and understanding of the human condition?

12
In present society, we face a lot of information from various sources such
as the media and our interactions with friends, family, and members of the
community. Most of the information are helpful, but some may mislead us or may
even totally false. False information often has a negative impact on our lives. How do
we know if the information is telling the truth?

Truth is an accepted statement. It agrees with facts and reality. Truth


needs to be supported by factual evidence. If there is no evidence, or there is
insufficient evidence, then the statement is an opinion. Logic does not prove
anything. Many people can play game of rhetoric and logic and suggest as
proof. No truth must be verifiable and be able to undergo rigorous testing.
Proposition or statements which are observed to be real or truthful are
considered Facts.

REMEMBER
Statement about the world or reality are called Propositions and these
propositions may or may not carry truth. Propositions are usually stated
as short statements or sentences.

Things which are still socially undecided are Opinions. Opinions are
putative facts. Claim is a statement that are not evidently or immediately
known to be true.

Process Question:

1. Differentiate facts and opinion. Give an example to illustrate the differences.


2. Give situation/s that show the difference between opinion and truth.

Fact Opinion
Statement of actuality or Statement of belief or feeling. It
occurrences. It is based on direct shows one’s feeling about a subject
evidence, actual experiences, or
observation
Statement that can be proven true An opinion expresses someone
belief, feeling, view, idea, or
judgement about something of
someone

13
Statements that can be shown to be Opinion expresses how a person
true or can be proved or something feels about something- It do not have
that really happened. to be based upon logical reasoning
Is one whose content is objective and Is one whose content is either
well supported by available evidence subjective or else not well supported
by the available evidence

Activity
Directions: Tell whether the statement is an OPINION or FACT statement.
Write your answer before each letter.
_______________ a. Man is a rational being
_______________ b. Man is the center of feelings and emotion.
_______________ c. “Only man exists”. Say Heidegger.
_______________ d. The solar system is made up of planets and solar system.
_______________ e. Every man is a guilty creature.
_______________ f. God is good all the time.
_______________ g. God has nothing to do with human existence.
_______________ h. There is a soft drink inside the refrigerator.
_______________ i. Ice- cold soft drinks taste better than those which are not.
_______________ j. Mars is the hottest planet among the other planets.
_______________ k. Reading is hard.

How do we know is something is true?

1. It is true if it can be justified or proven through the use of one’s senses.


2. It is true if it is based on facts.
3. It is true if it is a product of agreement or consensus.
4. It is true if it can be tested and verified.

• In what situation/s where each perspective on truth can be applied


effectively?

14
Activity
Directions: Apply systematic doubt in analyzing the following statements. Describe
how you will determine their truthfulness. Answer this activity in your notebook.
1. Our classroom is tidy.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Our classroom is big.

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

3. I am a good student.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

4. We live in a safe community.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Opinion statements provide conclusions or perspective regarding certain


situations belief about a certain thing or person. It also the bases for making
arguments and convincing people that claim is a fact.

REMEMBER

Conclusion is a judgement based on certain facts. Beliefs are statement that


express convictions that are not easily and clearly explained by fact. To judge the
truthfulness of belief, we must consider things such as person’s experiences and
views. Explanation are statements that assume the claim to be true and provide
reasons why the statement is true. Arguments, meanwhile, are a series of
statements that provide reasons to convince the reader or listener that a claim or
opinion is truthful.

We need to be very careful when we listen to arguments since not all


arguments are truthful- means not all have merit because some are better presented
and substantiated than others. Claims and arguments are given by person who have
ill intentions and wish to twist or manipulate facts to suit their own purposes. As we
analyze what is presented to us, we must always keep in mind the standards of
critical thinking.

15
the other can further improve our understanding and appreciation
of varied views and ideas. The ability to determine truth goes hand in hand
with the holistic perspective and enables us to make wiser decisions,
especially in choosing the ideas and views which we find acceptable.

Some arguments may contain fallacies. This means that they are
products of faulty reasoning. We must be aware of the various kinds of
fallacies as these affect the validity of argument.

FALLACY CHARACTERISTICS EXAMPLE


Ad hominem Attacking the person “Of course, he believes
presenting argument that the government is
flawed, he is a rebel and
a communist.”
Appeal to force Using the threat of force “if this peace agreement
or an undesirable event will not be signed by the
to advance an government, then we
argument will have no recourse
but to go war.”
Appeal to emotion Using emotion as pity or “All these charges are
sympathy baseless; this is just
plain harassment- can’t
you see how this is
affecting my family?”
Appeal to popular The idea is presented as “Every boy your age
acceptable because a already has a girlfriend,
lot of people accept it you should go find one!”
Fallacy of composition Assuming that what is “These Cases of robbery
true of a part is true for in this district have
the whole. convinced me that the
city has become a den
of thieves and
criminals.”

16
Opinions are often influenced by bias. This means that a person having
the opinion may have views and tendencies that affect the way he or she sees
reality. We must be aware of bias so that we can objectively and critically
examine points of view.

BIAS CHARACTERISTICS EXAMPLE


Conflict of Interest A person or group is “As the daughter of the
connected to or has a accused, I believe I have
vested interest in the the right to express my
issue being discussed opinion on the issue of
his alleged corrupt
practices.”
Cultural bias Analyzing an event or “I do not have agree
issue based on one’s with this Western
cultural standard practice of placing aged
parents in retirement
homes. We Filipino take
care of our Family
member.”
Correspondence bias or Tendency to judge a “These soldier who
attribution effects person’s personality by fought in the war are all
his or her actions bloodthirsty
without regard for murderers!”
external factors or
influence
Confirmation bias Tendency to look for “How can I accept his
and readily accept view that there is no
information which fits God? I am a Christian!”
one’s own beliefs or
view that go against it

17
Activity: Read the article and give your opinion regarding the issue. Write
the answer on a sheet of paper. Refer to the rubrics below

COVID-19 leaves indigenous peoples at a disadvantage — CHR


by Czarina Nicole Ong Ki, August 3, 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has left indigenous peoples at a particular disadvantage, the
Commission on Human Rights (CHR) said. While many Filipinos in Metro Manila are
grappling with their daily commute to work, the resumption of online classes for children,
and worrying about how to avoid getting infected, among many others, indigenous people
are struggling for access to relevant information and healthcare, the CHR said. CHR
spokesperson Atty. Jacqueline Ann de Guia said that a lot of IPs have experienced
discrimination in availing themselves of health services. They even lack access to safe
water and sanitation which are crucial in preventing the spread of the disease, she added.
Like every Filipino, they endure some of the most devastating impacts of the virus
including disruption of food systems, joblessness, and of course, the threat of illness and
death,” she said. In implementing any policy, program, or intervention that affect
indigenous peoples, the CHR said that the government must first get their consent. Any
response given to indigenous peoples must take into consideration their traditional health
practices while healthcare responders must train in their languages, De Guia said. “In
the same vein, the government must ensure that all forms of humanitarian assistance
will be available and accessible to these communities, especially that most of them reside
in far-flung areas,” said De Guia. The CHR said another issue is the continuous attacks
against indigenous groups and the red tagging of their tribal leaders even in the midst of
the community quarantine. A report made by the Global Witness declared the Philippines
as the deadliest country in Asia for land and environmental defenders. With the passage
of the Anti-Terrorism Law, indigenous people’s groups have become more scared of being
labelled as enemies of the State and the constant militarization of their comm unities,
according to the CHR. “The Commission urges the government to intensify protection
measures to mitigate possible human rights violations against them, and to stop external
settlers, private firms, and industries who are taking advantage of the present crisis, from
entering indigenous peoples’ territories,” said De Guia.
Manila Bulletin

18
MODULE 3

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
on how to use simple and compound sentences. The scope of this module permits it
to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.
Lesson 3 - Human Person as an Embodied Spirit

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify the traits that distinguish them as human person;


2. explain that they are human persons possessing a body and spirit;
3. explain how embodiment defines them as persons;
4. recognize that human nature brings the possibility of transcendence;
5. recognize their own limitations and possibilities;
6. evaluate their own limitations and possibilities
7. recognize how the human body imposes limits on and possibilities for
transcendence; and
8. distinguish the limitations on and possibilities for transcendence.

19
Lesson Human Person as an Embodied
3 Spirit
What Makes a Human Person?

The human person is an important subject in Philosophy and an


understanding of the nature and condition of the person is one of the foremost
goals of the discipline. Philosophers have long pondered human nature, what
it means to be human, and what sets us apart from other beings and things
in existence.

We often ask ourselves, “What makes us special?” Pondering our


human nature allows us to determine the special traits that make us humans
unique as a species. Further reflection on our nature as humans will also help
us figure out what makes us special as individuals and how this uniqueness
is shared with our fellow human beings.

Activity :Crack the Code


DIRECTIONS: Identify the following items. Use the table below to decipher the right
answer. Use the number code to find the secret word.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M
3 11 13 21 8 15 1 19 16 9 18 24 4
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
7 14 12 22 2 23 20 17 6 10 25 5 26

Answer:
4 7
3 Is the general term commonly used to refer to the human
entire race. Other related terms include humanity, mankind
and humankind

Answer:
19 4 3
Refers to a man as a species- Homo sapiens or modern
17 7 human being

Answer:

Term used to distinguish man from other


animals.

20
19 17 4 3 7

11 8 16 7 1

Answer:
2 23 14
More complex term which generally refers to a human
12 8 7
being granted recognition of certain rights, protection,
responsibilities, and dignity, above all.

Answer:
12 2 14 19 14
Refers to the state of being a person.
8 23 7 14 21

Answer:

19 17 4 3 7 7 3 20 17 2 8 Refers to the characteristics that distinguish


humans from all other creatures.

Process Question:

What Makes you a human person?


_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
__

21
Activity

Many year ago the Ultramagnetic Pop Machine spacecraft 1


and 2 were launched on missions to explore the farthest
reaches of our solar system. By now, both have
reached the boarders of our solar system and are poised to
exit into interstellar space. They carry
the Rainbow jar, a compilation of
recording intended as
messages to possible
intelligent life forms in the
universe. Included in www.fotosearch.com the record
are messages, images, and sounds
of the earth and a description of human.

Imagine that you are tasked to write a description of the human species for
the Rainbow jar. How will you describe human being to aliens?

Make a cut-out image of a Jar in 1/8 illustration board, use colors in the
rainbow to make it colorful and attractive. In the body of your cut-out jar write a
description about human.

_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________

https://www.google.com/imgres

The Rainbow Jar

22
Notes to a Teacher
• This activity (1.2) gives the opportunity to the learners to
develop their imagination, creativeness in making
images, designs and writing skills.

• Let the students explain how they came up with their


description.

Rubrics in Grading the activity:

Neatness………………………………………………. 10%
Creativeness………………………………………….. 40%
Content………………………………………………… 50%
(the description should be well presented, clear and
comprehensive)

What is the human Person?


The most basic definition of a human being relates to the nature of the
humans as animals. Philosopher, however believe that the human being is not just
a mere animal. These is something in the human individual that sets him or her
apart from other beings. These special traits make a human a distinct individual-
being a Person.

23
Activity (A- F)
Inquiry and Discover

So how do we know that we are human person? Let us first compare ourselves
to the following. Write the answer on your notebook.

https://www.google.com/imgres

A. Ask yourself the following question: Give your reason/s to your answer saying
yes or no. Identify the traits that differentiate human being from objects and
animals.

Am I a lamp?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Am I a Rock?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Am I a dog?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

24
There are several obvious reasons why you replied NO to each of these
questions. Because based on a purely physical comparison, we can confidently state
that we share no physical similarities with rock and lamp as they are not- living
things composed of inorganic materials. The dog however, you may see a number of
shared traits as a living being and thus share many attributes as same with other
animals and these are the reasons why pet owners treat them as people.

B. Looking your pet deeply and answer the following questions. Write your
answer in your notebook.

• Is your pet truly aware of what is happening around it?


_________________________________________________________________________

• Can your pet truly feel emotions in the same way that you do?
__________________________________________________________________________
• Is your pet capable of reflection? Can it question its nature or identity as a
dog?
__________________________________________________________________________
• Can your pet reflect on its actions and behavior? Do you think it can feel guilt
or satisfaction in the same way you do?
__________________________________________________________________________

C. Is your answer in question B really makes sense you of personhood? Explain


your answer?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

Studying the questions above and analyzing your answer deeply will give you
an idea of what defines human as a person.

The first trait that defines a person is SELF- AWARENESS

It refers to the person having a clear perception of oneself, including his


or her thought, emotions, identity, and action. Human awareness goes beyond
perception and reaction to the environment. The human person is defined by a deeper
awareness which is driven by Rationality or human though. Awareness of the self also
enables us persons to experience an “inner world”. The fact that we can daydream, get
lost in our thought, imagine, fantasize, and reflect shows that we are able to reach
within ourselves and experience Interiority, which is the quality of being focused on
one’s inner life and identity.

25
D. Identify and list down in your notebook some actions which you have done
today.






Answer the Question
1. Are those actions that had mention are done you intentionally? If no, who
makes you done those actions.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. What is or are the reason/s why you followed him/ her?


___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. Do you argue that you alone decide to comply with the commands or
instructions that you mention above? Explain your answer
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

We are persons because we act, and we are aware of our actions. Our free will
enables us to do actions whenever we want to and makes self- determination
possible. Free will is the capacity to choose a course of action from various
alternatives. The existence of free will enables a person to act willfully, control his
actions, and recognize himself or herself as the source of action. Free will leads to a
discussion of Consequences is the result or effect of an action or condition. As
persons, we are aware that each action we perform has a consequence.

E. Think back and reflect on your daily action. Write the intended consequences
of your everyday normal action. Do it in your notebook

Normal Action Consequences


Taking a bath
Doing homework
Going home late
Spend time whole day with barkada

26
Another trait that defines a person is SELF- DETERMINATION

It refers to the capability of a person to make choices and decision based


on their own preferences, monitor and regulate their actions and be goal- oriented and
self- directed.

F. Imagine walking up one morning and finding that all the people in your
community have disappeared. Your family, friends and all other people are
gone without a trace. Imagine yourself living in a place or a world where no
people. Draw a scenario that will happen to you if this situation occurs. Do it
in a short bond paper.

ALONE…ALONE…ALONE

Reflect on the relationships you have established ever since. Can you say that
you have grown as a person because you had meaningful interaction with people you
met throughout your life. If your answer Yes, then you can say that you are a person.

Another important trait that defines a human person is EXTERNALITY


It refers to the capability to reach out and interact with others and world.

27
The final trait that distinguishes the human person is DIGNITY or the
innate right to be valued and respected.

Human dignity drives us to seek what is good. Doing good actions, upholds
and promotes the dignity of the human person. We recognized ourselves as a person with
dignity who deserve to be treated well and respected, we should also treat other persons
in a respectful manner. The recognition of the dignity of the human person is the basis
for human rights.

Activity

Directions: Copy the graphic organizer and write inside the boxes the example of
actions or behavior that show the characteristics of the human person.

28
REFLECTION:
How will you uphold the dignity of the human person in the following situations?
Write your answer in your journal notebook

1. Your classmates are teasing your cross- eyed classmate because they find her
funny- looking.

2. Your friend confided in you that his girlfriend told him that she was pregnant.
He is asking your advice on what to do.

3. You discover that your 4- year-old brother likes to draw and daydream. She
shows you a drawing of a green flying elephant which he tells you is his
imaginary friend.

4. Your teacher invites you to join in an outreach program where you will be
spending the whole summer break helping impoverished communities.

The Human Person as embodied spirit


Philosophers consider the human person as defined by the union of the body
and the spirit. The human person is an embodied spirit. Not only are the body and
spirit united, but they also integrated with each other. This means that we cannot
separate the two and they go hand-in-hand in making us who we are. Whatever
affects the body also affects the spirit, and this unique trait of the person enables
him or her to experience both the physical world and the spiritual world.
Embodiment enables us to do and experience all the things that makes us human
person.

29
Ability of the human person to explore their limits
Though the nature of the person as an embodied spirit provides numerous
opportunities to explore everything around us and even within us, our human nature
still imposes limitations. It is true that the human person enjoys a number of
advantages compared to other beings, but there are still a number of things that
humans naturally cannot do.

Human person is a very biologically deficient being. This means that we are
not equipped with the best physical attributes among all the beings in the world. For
instance, we do not have natural ability to fly. We also cannot breathe underwater
without the aid of a breathing apparatus. We have limited capabilities with regard to
strength, speed and the use of our senses. Despite these natural limitations, we have
used our intellect to devise means to achieve several feats. We use airplanes to fly,
employ scuba gear to swim underwater for extended periods, and invented tools and
machines to lift great weights and perform other feats well beyond our physical
capabilities.

The ability to surpass limits is called Transcendence, we are able to


transcend our limits through our physical and mental abilities. It drives us to become
better persons and improve ourselves in every way.

Activity
Complete the chart below. Make sure that you ask or consult your parents or any
adult who have witnessed your development and reflect before you write your answer.
Copy and fill out the chart in a separate sheet of paper.

AGE THINGS I CAN DO THINGS THAT I CANNOT


DO

0-3

4- 7

8- 11

12-15

16-Up

Process Questions:
Answer the following questions in your notebook.

1. What are your limitations as a person? What are the things that you consider
as difficult or hard for you to accomplish or believe in?

30
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. What are your strengths? What are the possible things or status that you can
reach or achieve in the future?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. What are the factors affecting your limitations? How about possibilities?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Do you see yourself improving in 5 – 10 years’ time? How can you say that
you are improving?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
5. How can you transcend from your current limitations?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Activity
Explore your own possibilities of transcendence. Copy and fill out the tables with the
appropriate responses. Answer this in a separate sheet of paper.

I want to be… I can achieve this by…

I want to do the following… I can make this happen by…

31
MODULE 4

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
on how to use simple and compound sentences. The scope of this module permits it
to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.
Lesson 4 – Human Person in the Environment

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Notice things that are not in their proper place and organize them in an
aesthetic way.
2. Show that care for environment contributes to the health, well- being and
sustainable development.
3. Demonstrate the virtues of prudence and frugality towards environment.

32
Lesson Human Person in the
4 Environment
Activity
Let’s Ponder
Look closely at the pictures A and B. Answer the table below to complete the
Comparison Chart (PCC).

VS

http://www.pinterest.p.h/pin http://www.dreamstime.com

PICTURE A PICTURE B

PICTURE A PICTURE B
DESCRIBE WHAT YOU
SEE
DO YOU SEE YOURSELF
STAYING IN THIS PLACE?
WHY?
WHAT WILL YOU DO
WHEN YOU GO TO THIS
PLACE?

33
Process Question:

3. Which picture shows a much preferable condition of our sorrounding?


4. How can the condition of the picture A be maintained?
5. How can the condition of the picture B be improved?

Have you ever wondered about the changes happening in our environment?
What have you noticed about the weather and your surrounding? In your observation
you can say that:

it is hotter now than it usually was during the summer month.

Typhoons are stronger and there is more rain during the rainy season.

We experience more flooding in our community.

The scientist also monitors the changes in our environment. Their studies
show that our world is changing not for better but for worse, and humanity is more
responsible for this.

Activity
Let’s Do it! Give me 5
Directions: In a bond paper, draw your hand by tracing it. Write your answers in
each of finger which corresponding in the question number. Use paper for the answer

1. Looking around your community, identify the changes in the environment


caused by people? List 5 description that show changes.
2. Can you see evidence of people adapting their activities to your local
environment? Give 5 of these activity
3. Which part of your community you consider most orderly? Give 5 of these
4. Which part of your community you consider most disorderly? Give 5 of these.
5. How has pollution affected your health and well- being? How has it affected
the well- being of your family and the community.

34
www.Clipart-library.com

Process Question:
1. What can say on the changes we experience with the weather at present?
2. Have you relate this to the issue of climate change?
3. Is the climate change really affects you? How?

35
MASDAN MO ANG KAPALIGIRAN
By: Asin
Wala ka bang napapansin
Sa iyong mga kapaligiran
Kay dumi na ng hangin
Pati na ang mga ilog natin

Hindi nga masama ang pag-unlad


At malayu-layo na rin ang ating narating
Ngunit masdan mo ang tubig sa dagat
Dati'y kulay asul, ngayo'y naging itim
Ang mga duming ating ikinalat sa hangin
Sa langit, 'wag na nating paabutin
Upang kung tayo'y pumanaw man
Sariwang hangin, sa langit natin matitikman

Mayro'n lang akong hinihiling


Sa aking pagpanaw, sana ay tag-ulan
Gitara ko ay aking dadalhin
Upang sa ulap na lang tayo magkantahan

Ang mga batang ngayon lang isinilang


May hangin pa kayang matitikman
May mga puno pa kaya silang aakyatin
May mga ilog pa kayang lalanguyan

Bakit 'di natin pag-isipan


Ang nangyayari sa ating kapaligaran
Hindi nga masama ang pag-unlad
Kung hindi nakakasira ng kalikasan
Darating ang panahon, mga ibong gala
Ay wala nang madadapuan
Masdan mo ang mga punong dati ay kay tatag
Ngayon'y namamatay dahil sa ating kalokohan

Lahat ng bagay na narito sa lupa


Biyayang galing sa Diyos kahit no'ng ika'y wala pa
Ingatan natin at 'wag nang sirain pa
'Pagkat 'pag Kanyang binawi, tayo'y mawawala na

Mayro'n lang akong hinihiling


Sa aking pagpanaw, sana ay tag-ulan
Gitara ko ay aking dadalhin
Upang sa ulap na lang tayo magkantahan

https://images.app.goo.gl

• Listen to the song “Masdan mo ang Kapaligiran”, by Asin in the youtube or


in the cassette player if its available.
• Read the lyrics written above while listening.
• Try to reflect while listening and figure out the message of the song.
• Answer and process question.

36
Process Question:
1. What did you feel while you listening the song Masdan mo ang Kapaligiran?
2. What is the message of the song?
3. How the song will help the people to realize the importance of taking care of
environment?

Environmental philosophy or environmental ethics is the philosophy that


studies the moral relationship of human beings with the environment and its non-
human contents. It tackles the issue such as humanity’s role in the natural world,
the interaction between nature and human activities, and humanity’s response to
environment challenges.
The person is not only capable of transforming the world but also of
understanding the laws which govern nature. Because of this ability to access
nature, the role of the person in relation to it can take on different forms. He or she
may opt to treat the environment as an object, as a source of raw materials to be
used in any way he or she pleases

3 major views regarding the relationship between humanity and the


environment

37
We benefit greatly from a clean and orderly environment. Clean and orderly
surrounding contribute to safety, well- being, and health, while dirty and disorderly
surroundings result in disease or accidents. Environmental aesthetics is one
philosophical view that believes maintaining order in the environment will bring out
the natural beauty of the surroundings and contribute to the well-being of the people
and other organism living in it.

The appreciation of natural beauty brings about concern for the


environment and help people relate more effectively with nature.

Activity

I KnoWrite!
List down as many as you know about the following

Things that are not in the proper places cause disorder in the
Environment

Ex: The use of chemical fertilizer, insecticides and herbicides

38
Possible ways to prevent Environmental Damages

Ex: Invest in your own coffee cup or drinking tumbler instead of using disposable
plastic or paper cup

Process Question:
1. How can philosophy contribute to the resolution of the environmental crisis.
2. How philosophical views helps you to think many possible ways to prevent
environmental damages?
Environmentalism is a perspective that advocates action to address growing
environmental problem. Philosophy has a significant role in the development of
environmental awareness and action. One important philosophical view from
environmentalism is environmental ethics. This is a moral approach that analyzes
the relationship between humans and environment. It also discusses environmental
problem caused by human activities and social issues that impact the environment.

Environmental ethics serves as a basis for reflecting on how our actions show
our regard for nature. It also guides us in upholding the welfare of the environment
and everything in it.

Apart from individual action, environmentalism also encourage governments,


institutions, organizations to commit to responsible action for the environment.

39
Developmental views of Environmental Ethics

Activity

I Bet!
Directions: Analyze the following situations and using what have you learned,
determine which of them show the right or moral choice with regard to environment.
Put a check (/) if the item/s is in your bet and explain your reason.

Situations I Reason
Bet!

1. A mining corporation decided


to save costs in constructing
an effective storing facility for
mining waste just to sustain
the operation and not to layoff
many workers.

2. A businessman bought a large


piece of farmland and decided

40
to convert it into a low-cost
housing for the people.

3. A local official led a campaign


to set aside several hectares of
forested land in their city as a
watershed area

4. An animal shelter partnered


with the local government to
conduct free vaccination
drives for pets.

Process Question:
1. Was your knowledge in environmental aesthetic really help you to decide your
choice in this activity? How?
2. What can you do to uphold environmentalism and care for nature?

Important concept that drives environmentalism is sustainability or


sustainable development. It is a concept that advocates the wise and efficient use
of natural resources to ensure that there is still enough left for future use.

Important Principles of Sustainability


• Environmental integrity- refers to maintaining the state of the environment.
This means that human activities should not unduly disrupt the ecosystem and
human.
• Economic efficiency- refers to prudence in decision- making regarding the use
of resources to ensure that there is minimum to zero waste.
• Equity- demands that we use our natural resources in such a manner that these
are conserved that the next generation will be able to use them.

41
Important Values that guide people to use resources

As a human person, or responsibility to treat with respect not

only our fellow human, but also everything in our world.

Activity

Mirror Mirror …
Directions: Reflect on how you have been using resources at home and in school.
How can you apply prudence and frugality?

Home PRUDENCE FRUGALITY

42
School PRUDENCE FRUGALITY

Process Question:
1. How can you apply prudence and frugality in implementing changes to
become a wiser and more considerate consumer?
2. How will these values guide you in addressing environmental problems in your
home, school and community?

Activity
A.
Litter is a kind of pollution. Make a list of 10 ways to persuade to stop
littering in your community

1. _________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________________________
6. _________________________________________________________________
7. _________________________________________________________________
8. _________________________________________________________________
9. _________________________________________________________________
10 _______________________________________________________________________

43
B. Senior high school students from Bicol wanted to help improved their
community and environment. They look into problem that they could help solve.
They learned about a vacant lot near their school. The students made a plan to
make a small park and put in a garden with native plants.

As a senior high school student too, what could you do to improve your
community’s environment? List down 5 activities you will undertake

1. __________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________________________

Activity 8
Thinking that you are inline in clothing designs, and you are going to make
a statement shirt for your new boutique. In the shirt below write a statement that
show personal commitment to uphold sustainability and environmentalism.

www.harboarts.com/shirtdesigner

44
POST TEST (10 Items)
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen
letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. People who engage in philosophy are called ___________________.


a. Philosophizing
b. Philosophers
c. Philosophize
d. Philosophizer
2. The branch of philosophy which deals with questions regarding reality and
existence.
a. Metaphysics
b. Ethics
c. Epistemology
d. Logic
3. Which of the following is not the reason, “Why is there a need to philosophize”?
a. Man’s need to philosophize to his sense of wonder.
b. Man’s need to philosophize to his doubt.
c. Man’s need to philosophize to his experiences.
d. Man’s need to philosophize to his persecutions.
4. The branch of philosophy which deals with correct thinking and reasoning.
a. Metaphysics
b. Ethics
c. Epistemology
d. Logic
5. This is the ability to surpass limits.
a. Transcendence
b. interiority
c. Externality
d. Free will
6. This view places great value on ecosystem and biological communities
a. ecocentrism
b. biocentrism
c. environmentalism
d. anthropocentrism
7. This is the branch of philosophy that is concerned with the natural
environment and humanity’s place in it.
a. environmentalism
b. environmental philosophy
c. environmental aesthetics
d. environmental justice

45
8. This refers to the totality of an individual who possesses awareness, self-
determination, and the capacity to interact with others.
a. Transcendence
b. interiority
c. person
d. man

B. IDENTIFICATION: Identify the following. Write your answer on paper.

9. These are statement which are observed to be real or truthful. _______________

10. These are statements which need to be examined to determine whether they are

true or false. ___________________________

46
10.CLAIMS
9. FACTS
8. A
7. B
6. A
5. C
4. A
3. A
2. B
1. A

What I Know

MODULE 1

What’s In? / What’s New?/ What’s More?/ What I


can Do?

DEPENDING ON THE STUDENTS’ ANSWER

MODULE 2

What’s In?
What's New
ACTIVITY# 3 Activity #5- depending on the students’ answer

1. FACTS What is it?


2. OPINION
Activity #6- depending on students’ answer
3. OPINION
4. FACTS What I can Do?
5. OPINION
6. OPINION Activity #7- depending on students’ answer
7. OPINION
8. FACTS
9. OPINION
10. FACTS
11. OPINION

47
MODULE 3

Activity #1 What’s In? / What’s New?/ What’s


More?/ What I can Do?
1. man
2. human
3. human being DEPENDING ON THE STUDENTS’
4. person ANSWER
5. personhood
6. human nature

MODULE 4

DEPENDING ON THE STUDENTS’ ANSWER

can Do?
What’s In? / What’s New?/ What’s More?/ What I

7. B
6. A
5. A
4. D
10. CLAIMS 3. A
9. FACTS 2. A
8. C 1. B

Assessment

48
References

MODULE 1
Book

• Abella, Roberto D. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person,


C & E Publishing, Inc., Copyright 2016

• Ramos, Christine Carmela R. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person,


Rex Book Store, Inc., Copyright First Edition 2016

Pictures – label for reuse

• Philosophy High Way sign image


https://www.picpedia.org/highway-signs/p/philosophy.html
• Philosophy History tree
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Talk_Philosophy_history_tree.png
• Oak Tree Clip Art by White Lions
http://sweetclipart.com/oak-tree-coloring-page-1755

MODULE 2

• Mabaquiao, Napoleon M. Jr. (2016) An Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human


Person Senior High School. Quezon Ave, Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House

• Ramos, Christine Carmela R. (2016) Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human


Person, Sto. Domingo, Quezon City: Rex Publishing

• Abella, Roberto D, (2016) Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person, South
Triangle Quezon City: C&E Publishing.

• Image: Free Turtle Clipart Black And White, Download Free Clip Art, Free Found on
Google from Clipart-library.com google.com
Retrieved from https: //images.app.goo.gl/V4HcW57NRusvY14v6
August 3, 2020

• Image: Pix For> Cute Baby Monkey Drawings Monkey coloring pages Found on
Google from pinterest.com google.com
Retrieved from https://images.app.goo.gl/BfKG2s7TohasHyWt7
August 3, 2020

• Image: Free Thinking Man Cliparts Black And White, Download Free Clip Art, Free
Clip Art Found on Google from Clipart-library.com google.com
Retrieved from https://images.app.goo.gl/5qRVTJobwxsaQJQn6
May 5, 2020

• Image: Question Mark Clipart#1206946- Illustration by Hit Toon Found on Google


from illustrationsof.com google.com
Retrieved from https://images.app.goo.gl/TrKnxerH9UcRfvY39
May 5, 2020

• Ong Ki, Czarina Nicole (August 3, 2020) Article Manila Bulletin found on mb.com.ph
Retrieved from https://mb.com.ph/2020/08/10/covid-19-leaves-indigenous-
peoples-at-a-disadvantage-chr/amp/
August 3, 2020

49
MODULE 3

• Mabaquiao, Napoleon M. Jr. (2016) An Introduction to the Philosophy


of the Human Person Senior High School. Quezon Ave, Quezon City: Phoenix
Publishing House

• Ramos, Christine Carmela R. (2016) Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human


Person, Sto. Domingo, Quezon City: Rex Publishing

• Abella, Roberto D, (2016) Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person, South
Triangle Quezon City: C&E Publishing.

MODULE 4
• Mabaquiao, Napoleon M. Jr. (2016) An Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human
Person Senior High School. Quezon Ave, Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House

• Ramos, Christine Carmela R. (2016) Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human


Person, Sto. Domingo, Quezon City: Rex Publishing

• Abella, Roberto D, (2016) Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person, South
Triangle Quezon City: C&E Publishing

50
SECOND QUARTER

PRETEST (10 Items)


A. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen
letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is the best example of intersubjectivity?


A. Ben has always loved dogs. When his parents let him choose a family
pet, he picks a Labrador puppy from the shelter.
B. When Anna was twelve, her sister told her that pickles are rotten
cucumbers. Because of this, Anna now orders all her burgers without
pickles.
C. When Sarah was fifteen, she went exploring in a cave and became
trapped. She is now afraid of closed spaces.
D. Tony was born with vision in only one eye. Because of this, he
sometimes has difficulty perceiving depth.

2. Which of the following pictures that shows situation that develop harmonious
relation between people?

A. B.

C. D.

51
3. How do we as human persons relate with others?

A. You begin talking to your classmate, telling him or her about a funny
experience you had in school.
B. Holding your pen and telling the unforgettable experiences you had in
dating with your boyfriend.
C. Talking to yourself about your problems in your family that you cannot
told to anyone.
D. Posting your experiences, feelings and opinion in social media so that all
people can see and relate.

4. Ancient Greek philosophy considered happiness as an achievement, and it must


be gained by living a productive and moral life while religious philosophers
believes that:

A. happiness is a product of hard work


B. happiness can be found on material things
C. happiness is undefined influence to make to others
D. happiness can only be found through the union with God.

5. 12. It is true that a person’s spiritual nature allows him to transcend his
temporality and physical limits. However, we also cannot deny the material
nature of the person, that he is still bound by the same laws of nature and
reality that apply to all objects in existence. Which of the following items shows
the truthfulness of this statement?

A. We cannot shelter ourselves from suffering, but we can be prepared to


deal with it so does not break.
B. We are born into life, we grow and age, and eventually die.
C. We are made truly happy by things that are true and good
D. We have the capacity to choose and act for oneself.

6. This kind of freedom refers to human beings have the unique power to change
themselves and things around for the better.
A. Freedom C. Intellectual freedom

B. Individual freedom D. Spiritual freedom

7. This term refers to a person have a free choice of one’s own acts without external
compulsion.
A. Prudence C. Self-determination

B. Freedom D. Voluntariness

8. What are the building blocks of the society?

A. Agencies C. social institutions

B. natural resources D. individuals

52
9. What structure of the society consists of individuals who interact and relate in a
shared cultural and symbolic environment?

A. Social deviance C. Social Interaction

B. Social system D. Social Institution

10. Oliver is an educator who wants to know about the economic challenges
encountered by the national government in 2019. Which Social institution
should he approach about his concern?
A. Religion C. Government

B. Education D. Economy

53
MODULE 5

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
on how to use simple and compound sentences. The scope of this module permits it
to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into four lessons, namely:


Lesson 5 – Freedom of a Human Persons

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Know the essence of freedom;


2. Learn the different kinds of freedom;
3. Obtain understanding that all actions have consequences;
4. Evaluate one’s choices and the use of prudence.

54
Lesson
Freedom of the human Person
5

Freedom is an intrinsic and essential property of a person. This means that


the human person from the very start is a free being and have a desire to search for
his / her freedom to do whatever he/she wants. In some extent people wanted to
feel freedom in doing the things/action they thought is it right but somewhat miss
understood of it or miss use it. At this time you already know how we as individual
protect and preserve our environment. Let us determine how you can exercise
freedom in relation to our environment.

Activity: My Community, My Responsibility!


Direction: Recall how you act inside your home and outside your community. Fill
in the matrix below with appropriate responses. Write specific action on how you
show freedom or responsible use of resources towards environment.

At Home Within Place you've


Barangay been visited
• ____________ • ____________ before
• ____________ • ____________ • ____________
• ____________ • ____________ • ____________
• ____________

55
Notes to a Teachers
• Allow your learner to recall the lesson about
environment and connect it to their use of freedom.
• Learner will reflect their action in a certain
situation in their lives wherein they exercise their
freedom of choices.

Activity: “He say’s, your thoughts”

Direction: Analyze the given passage below from SAGIP Pary-list


Representative Rodante Marcoleta. Answer the given questions below.

Figure 1Rodante Marcoleta Fb page/ 7-31-2020

1. What do you think he wanted to convey?


______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

2. In your own perspective, what is freedom?


______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

3. Is freedom is related to our choices? How can we use our freedom responsibly?

56
Definition of Freedom

Figure 2https://www.needpix.com/photo/177560/freedom-jump-reach-silhouettes-young-people-grass-clouds-outdoor

Freedom is an immanent quality of the person. It means that its common to


us to have our freedom and exercise it. An important indication of human freedom
is the ability to make choices perform actions. Our freedom to act sets us apart from
the other things.

Let us compare how human person manage one’s actions and animals’
behavior to get better understanding of freedom. Animals like dogs can train to act
such as jump, crawl, hop or fetch, those actions are triggered by the trainer itself
without the command of trainer it might not be possible. On the other hand, human
is not like that we can choose the course of our action to take to certain stimuli.

Freedom is also understood as the power to be what you want to be and the
ability to decide and create yourself. Maybe now you have a great idea to make your
work in school look amazing or plan to go outside with the knowledge on how to
protect yourself while interacting to people. The outcome of those actions are the
products of your choices that shapes your personality while exercising your freedom.
It gives you the capacity to strive to achieve that goal.

Freedom is rooted in the human person’s self-determination and the use of


intellect and free will. You may choose to do good or not, but it is you will suffer the
consequences of your actions. The very nature of self-determination is that a person
has a free choice of one’s own acts without external compulsion.

Now let us connect freedom to prudence. When we say prudence, it is a kind


of virtue that one needs most when he/she is confronted with choices. You may face
different situations in your life that somewhat you disregard the use of prudence and
the result is not favorable to you. Freedom requires a degree of control from the
person who exercise it. You must be aware of the outcome of your choices and be
prudent in making choices for us not to suffer the consequences of our action. The
essence of freedom is that is does not confine our actions to those set or expected by
others; we can imagine new actions and decide to undertake them.

57
Kinds of Freedom
1. Physical Freedom – it refers to the absence of any
physical restraint. The person has the freedom to go
wherever he or she wanted to go. His action is not
hampered by any physical force.
a. Political freedom – Thomas Hobbes and Jean
Jacques Rousseau both have one thing in common
about the idea of freedom, that is, human beings have
to form a community or civil community to protect
themselves from one another. Humanity founded the
state with its sovereign power of control by means of
mutual consent or social contract. There must be a
common power or government which the plurality of
the individuals (citizens) should confer all their powers
and strength into (freedom) one will (ruler).

2. Psychological freedom – it is also called freedom of


choice. This freedom is innate and cannot be denied
a person. No outside force or influence can compel
a person to take action against his or her will.
a. Intellectual freedom – for Aristotle, a human being
Action is rational. Reason is a divine characteristic.
Humans have the spark of the divine. If there were
Will
Reason no intellect, there would be no will. Our will is an
instrument of free choice.

b. Individual freedom – Jean Paul Sartre emphasizes the importance of free


choice, regardless of the power of other people, of other to influence and coerce
our desires, beliefs and decisions. To be human to be conscious is to be free
to imagine, free to choose and be responsible for one’s life actions.

3. Moral freedom - it refers to using freedom in a manner that upholds human


dignity and goodness. Choosing to do the right things that does not infringe
others freedom. Humans have a natural inclination for what is true and good,
and when a person uses his or her freedom to do acts that violate human dignity
and goodness, he or she dehumanizes himself or herself and effectively negates
human freedom.

58
Spiritual freedom – according to St. Thomas Aquinas of all God’s
creation human beings have the unique power to change
themselves and things around for the better. As humans, we are
both material and spiritual. We have a conscience because of our
spirituality.

In this lesson discussed the concept of freedom from a holistic perspective.


Freedom is a gift that should not be squandered but taken as a wonderful gift that
must be nurtured and protected without impinging the rights or freedom of others.
Lastly, it is not enough that the human being is free but that one is conscious of
one’s responsibility for the consequences of one’s choices.

Directions: Identify who is the proponent of the given kinds of freedom. Write only
the letter corresponding to your answer.

A. Aristotle C. Hobbes and Rousseau


B. Jean Paul Sartre D. St. Thomas Aquinas

_______1. People enter into an agreement called social contract.


_______2. For him God is love, love is freedom.
_______3. The person is provided with a supreme opportunity to give meaning to
one’s life.
_______4. Reason can legislate, but only through will can its legislation be turned
into action.
_______5. He establishes the existence of God as a first cause.
_______6. He believes that a human being is born free and good.
_______7. The state owes it origin to a social contract freely entered by its
members.
_______8. The person is what one has done and is doing.
_______9. If there were no intellect, there would be no will.
_______10. He emphasizes the freedom of humanity but chooses love in governing
humanity’s life.

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Activity: Situation analysis
Direction: Look at the following pictures below, figure out what is happening and
discuss what would be the best course of action in these situations.

What is happening? What would be the


What kinds of freedom best course of
Situations
being shown? action in these
situations?

Figure 1: Students in front of the class

Figure 3: Parent with her son signing an agreement

Figure 4: Students show participation

60
Activity: Question in mind
Direction: Read the question below and explain your insight as you relate your
experiences.

Amidst this pandemic situation that you are in, how can you
remain prudent in your choices? _____________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

61
MODULE 6

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
on how to use simple and compound sentences. The scope of this module permits it
to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into four lessons, namely:


Lesson 6 – Intersubjective Human Relations

After going through this module, you are expected to:


1. Realize that intersubjectivity requires accepting differences and not
imposing on others.

2. Explain the authentic dialogue means accepting others even if they are
different from themselves.

3. Performs activities that demonstrate an appreciation for the talents of


Persons with disabilities and those from the underprivileged sectors of
society.

62
Lesson
Intersubjective Human Relations
6
Humans have the natural and universal tendency to relate, to establish
attachments, and seek close relationships with other people. Our human nature
drives us to reach out to other people and interact with them in meaningful ways.

Activity:
PIxIS (Picture analysis)

Take a look at the following pictures below and describe the relationship of the people
in the pictures. Give the effect/s of their behavior in dealing with others.

______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________

______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________

______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________

______________________________________________

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______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________

______________________________________________

What drives human to interact with their fellow human in a more meaningful
way?

Our human nature not only enables us to recognize the self that defines our
individually, it also enables us to recognize that other human beings also possess a
self. We are able to relate meaningfully with other human being because we consider
ourselves as essentially the same. This notion of recognizing the self in the other is
how philosophers define interpersonal relations. The interaction between the self and
other is related to the philosophical concept of intersubjectivity, which is the
mutual recognition of each other as person. Intersubjectivity refers to the
characteristics of the human person to engage in a very intimate and personal
relationship with others who are different from him or her but who are also like him
or her.

Intersubjectivity also allows the individual to receive others in his or her life
and relate with them. It also allows a person to become closer to others in many
different ways.

“Seeming” action refers to the way a person presents himself or herself when
dealing with others. This is considered a natural and often unconscious act. Some
people however engage in seeming actions to deceive and manipulative others.

64
Activity:

Directions: Complete the graphic organizer below by writing in the boxes the names
of four people with whom you have genuine relationships. Write also how they have
contributed to your growth as a person

Most human interactions, however, are not based on deception. Since our
human nature drives us to uphold dignity and goodness, our interactions with others
are also geared toward what is good and beneficial. These lead humans to strive to
achieve deeper and more substantial interactions and relations with other people.
This deeper and more genuine interaction is called a dialogue, and this is made
possible when the self realizes that the other is a genuine and unique individual.
When two individuals begin to view each other as an other- that is, truly
acknowledging each other’s presence- then that is the begging of an authentic
relationship and dialogue.

A dialogue is an interaction between person that happens through speech or


other the use of words, expressions, and body language. The person is a being who
is open to others and is capable of receiving others in a dialogue.

A dialogue occurs when two persons “open up” to each other and give and
receive one another in their encounter. Genuine dialogue occurs when persons are
willing to share themselves with one another. The awareness of each other’s presence
as a true person is defined by the acceptance of each other’s uniqueness and
differences. When each individual enters into a dialogue with this mindset, then it is
truly a dialogue between equals.

Empathy is the ability to share emotions, is an important aspect of


intersubjectivity. This emotion is driven by a person’s awareness that the other is a
person with thoughts and feelings.

Empathy enables us to experience another person’s emotions, such as


happiness, joy, pride, anger, and sadness. It also enables us to place ourselves in
their shoes.

65
Availability is the willingness of a person to be present and be at the disposal
of another.
Ethics of care this moral perspective encourages individuals to help other
people, most especially the vulnerable. People have a moral obligation to respond to
the needs of other people.
Process questions:

1. How does empathy enable persons to establish genuine relationship with


others?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. Have you ever made yourself available for others? Give instances in your life
shown this situation.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Important values related to intersubjectivity include acceptance of
differences and embracing diversity. We understand that each person is unique,
therefore, differences will exist among group of people. When we look at physical
traits and even behavior, we can see that no two persons look and think the same.
When we consider views, beliefs, and ideas the differences become much more
pronounced. We have to accept that people will have different views and beliefs.
What unites us all is our shared humanity and dignity.

The recognition of our shared humanity and dignity is what drives us to extend
assistance and act with concern towards others, especially toward individuals or
group that experience hardship and discrimination. For instance, those who are
physically and mentally challenged often experiences hardship because of their
condition. We have to realize, however, that these individuals, despite their
limitations, can have the same skills as those who are fully able in mind and body.
They also have hope and aspirations like us, and many of them have successfully
transcendence their disabilities to become productive and happy individuals.

Helen Keller- was an American author, political activist and the first deaf-
blind person to earn a bachelor’s degree. Despite being blind and deaf, Helen learned
to “hear people’s speech by feeling their lips with her hands. She became proficient
at using braille and reading sign language. She eventually learned how to speak, and
became a well- known public speaker. She published an autobiography, the Story of
My Life, which described her life and struggle growing up.

Nicholas James “Nick” Vujicic- is an Australian evangelist and motivational


speaker who was born with phocomelia, a condition in which a person is born with
no arms or legs. He was born with two small and deformed feet, and an operation
enabled him to use his toes to grab and manipulate objects. Because of his condition
he was bullied as he grew up, but it did not stop him from pursuing his dreams. He
graduated with a degree in Commerce and went on to pursue a career as a
motivational speaker and evangelist.

Roselle Ambubuyog- is the first visually- impaired Filipino graduate summa


cum laude. Roselle lost her eyesight at the age of six due to illness. Despite her
handicap, she was a consistent academic honoree in her school, graduating

66
valedictorian in both elementary and high school. Her excellent performance in
school enables her to participate in regular classes with sighted students. She
worked as a product and support manager at Code Factory, which is the world’s
leading provider of software that allow the visually- impaired to access mobile devices
such as cellphone. Roselle is also a motivational speaker and has given several talks
and seminars to students, teachers, and professional.

Another group of people who experiences hardship and discrimination are the
underprivileged. They have less in terms of material possessions. Despite the
differences in lifestyle, social class, and experience, our shared humanity allows us
to engage with each other respectfully and render assistance to each other.

Process Questions:

1. Do you believe that people who are disabled and underprivileged are still able
to contribute to society?
_____________________________________________________________________
2. How will you be able to show appreciation for the skills and talents of persons
with disabilities and underprivileged
_____________________________________________________________________

Various advocacies supporting persons with disabilities have resulted in the


institution of events and commemorations such as the Paralympics, an international
sports competition modeled after the Olympics that features athletes with
disabilities, the UN has also instituted days of awareness, such as World Down
Syndrome Day (March 21), World Autism Awareness Day (April 21), and International
Day of Person with Disabilities (December 3).

Countries around the world are encouraged to celebrate these days with
activities that highlight individuals with disabilities. In many of these events, people
with disabilities come together to showcase their abilities and talents in talent shows,
symposiums and conventions. These events bring together “able” and “disabled”
people in the spirit of friendship and cooperation.

67
Activity :
Who are these people? Choose one person whose picture is shown below and
research about his life and works. Write a reflection paper about their significant
contribution.

RONNEL DEL RIO ANNA KRISTINA ARCE GILDA QUINTUA-


NAKAHARA

REFLECTION PAPER

NAME OF THE PERSON: ________________________________________

AUTOBIOGRAPHY:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
CONTRIBUTION TO THE SOCIETY:

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

YOUR REFLECTION ABOUT HIS/HER LIFE:

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

68
Activity
Make an activity plan that showing appreciation for the skills and talents of
persons with disabilities and the underprivileged.
TITLE OF PROGRAM/ ACTIVITY: _________________________________________________
RATIONALE:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
OBJECTIVES:
1.
2.
3.
TARGET GROUP/ RECEPIENT:
__________________________________________________________________________________
PROCEDURE:

TIME ACTIVITIES PROCEDURES EXPECTED


FRAME OUTPUT

EXPECTED OUTCOME/S:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

69
MODULE 7

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
on how to use simple and compound sentences. The scope of this module permits it
to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into four lessons, namely:


Lesson 7 – The Human Being and their Social Context

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. transformed by societies.

2. Compare different forms of societies and individualities (eg. Agrarian,

industrial and virtual)

3. Explain how human relations are transformed by social systems

70
Lesson The Human Beings and
7 their Social Contexts
Activity

Case Study
You have spent your whole life living in the Philippines, However, your parents
told you that you will migrating to the United States next year and that you will
staying there for good.

https://pixabay.com/vectors/silhouette-child-mother-daughter-3299372/

Processing Question:
6. Do you think that you will change as a person once you live in somewhere
else? Why?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________.

7. What do you think are the factors that may influence you to change your
beliefs and attitude?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________.

Have you ever pondered how the world has defined you? Have you ever
thought about your place in this world and the people you interact with every day?
Have you ever reflected on how your presence has affected the world and people
around you?

People and Society have reciprocal and complementary relationship. People’s


personalities and culture depend upon the processes and events occurring in society.
Similarly, society takes its changes from how people act, perceive, and shape it.

71
Activity:

Social Identity Wheel


Directions: Fill in the spaces by providing the information. List adjectives to describe
yourself.

Processing Question:
1. What did you learn about yourself?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________.
2. Which part of the wheel were easiest to fill out? Inside or the outer side? Why?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________.

3. Which part of the wheel were hardest to fill out? Inside or the outer side? Why?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________.
4. Are there important aspects in your identity that don’t fit on the wheel? Why?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________.

72
People and society have a reciprocal and complementary relationship. People’s
personalities and culture depend upon the processes and events occurring in the
society. Similarly, society takes its changes from how people act, perceive and shape
it.

Living in another Community, constitutes an entirely different social


environment that may be different from one’s belief and culture. Immersing oneself
in a new society, therefore, exhibits a change in bother the community and person.

Social Influence and Transformation

Individuals are building blocks of society. They take on various social roles to
ensure the smooth flow of social processes that regularly occur within the
community. However, it is the collective action of individual that mainly influence
how society is formed and structured.

Example:

If many people of one community perceive catcalling as offensive and


derogatory, then society will have unwritten norm that such as act is
unacceptable. With the repetition of the process, a community can
form and develop its culture and character. Figure
5https://www.pikrepo.com/ficvh/white-
human-figure-holding-red-and-white-balloon

Society also transforms individuals into social and cultural being a part
of society, individuals experience enculturation or the process by which people
acquire the knowledge, skills, attitudes and culture embedded in society. This
social culture qualities vary across cultures since they are also created and
influenced by human action. As such you may notice that different
communities have unique cultures, traditions and norms.

Example:

The openness of Thai to gender differences has their country diverse


in terms of social partnerships and preferences

In the Philippines, making slurping sounds while eating noodles is a


sign of disrespect. However, in Japan, doing the same act is a positive
way of expressing satisfaction with the food. Figure 6https://creazilla.com/nodes/49668-
spaghetti-emoji-clipart

73
Activity
Direction: Using the web map below, state what are the five (5) factors in the society
that influence you most and how does it in fluence you as human being?

Me

74
Activity
A Different Kind of Beauty

Dye – (v) to change the color of something with substance.

Contrast- (n) a difference between two things in which one is light and
the other is dark.

Reflect: Why might black teeth not be considered beautiful in today’s society? Is that
a good thing or a bad thing? Explain.

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________.

75
Socioeconomic, technological, and environmental differences in societies may
dictate cultural differences among individuals. Because different types of societies
exist, it is also expected that there are various societal differences among individuals
as well.

Individuals and Societal Transformations


Individuals are social animals who need society for food, protection,
education, and other forms of support. Meanwhile a society is a collection of
individuals shaped by social relations and interactions.
As such, individuals and society need each other to function properly. They
have a complementary relationship that is improved and influenced by culture and
social institutions. In effect, societies and individuals all around the world develop
varying cultures and practices.

Types of Societies and Individuals


In learning about types of societies, it is important to know that classifications
were made by socioeconomic conditions and ability of resources. Nevertheless, these
classifications describe all currently existing models of societies.

Types of Societies

Agrarian (Agricultural) Industrial (Modern Virtual (Post


Industrial) Industrial)
- It focuses on the
product of crops and - It introduced fuel- -Professional services
raising of farms driven machinery are offered in
animals. goods production. exchange for money.

- Women share the - Factories are seen as - Technology is used in


same type of mode of the center of work. very aspect of life and
labor. work.
- Transportation is
- It utilizes more developed and - It Focuses on the
technological advances advanced than production and selling
to cultivate crops. agricultural societies. of information.

Apart from these, some more types of societies include pastoral,


hunting and gathering, and feudal. However, these models no longer exist at
present.

76
Types of Individuals in Society

The types of individuals in a society are dictated by socio economic conditions


and capability. Each individual belongs to a certain social class or group of people
with similar levels of wealth and status

- consist of individuals born into


aristocratic families.

- Usually involves families with large

business and ventures

- consists of white-collared workers (e.g.


doctor, lawyer, engineer). Usually provides
professional services as income.

- able to survive life with relatively minimal

material difficulties
- consist of blue-collared workers (e.g.

waiter, driver, salesperson)

- experience low career opportunities and

minimal wage.
- Experience poverty, homelessness, and

unemployment.
- relatively higher in number in developing

countries.

The social system denotes the whole society that is comprised of individual
and institutions interacting within the same structure. Despite differences in
classifications, all types of individuals and social models co-exist and interact within
the social system

77
Activity
Social ako eh!
Direction: Assess yourself and your society. List down the socioeconomic
characteristics of your family, sibling or extended family who lives with you.

Name of family
member/relationship
Socioeconomic characteristics
with you

Ex. Juan dela Cruz Chief Electrician, supervised electrical installation and
maintenance in Ayala buildings and properties.
Father

Activity
List down the characteristics of your currents environment and living
conditions.

Characteristics of your currents environment and living conditions

1.
2
3.
4.
5.

78
Activity
Direction: Using your learning from this lesson, try to determine which social
class you and your family belongs to, as well as the type of society you live in. Encircle
your answer.

Upper
Agrarian (Agricultural)
class

Middle class
Industrial (Modern
Industrial)

Working class
Virtual (Post Industrial)

Lower class

Processing Question:
3. Is it possible for a nation to have all types of societies and individuals within
the social system? Why? or Why not?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
How Human Relations Are Transformed by Social Systems

– As industry changed, social and political conditions transformed. Cities grew


quickly as the percentage of farmers in the population declined. When an individual
becomes a factory employee, he has to work long hours, leaving his little farm, and
live near the factory, often in a crowded district (Heiddeger 1997). The revolutionary
change in our way of life in modern times. For the first time in history, a universal
pattern of modernity is emerging from the wide diversity of traditional values and
institutions, and peoples of all nations are confronted with the challenge of defining
their attitudes toward fundamental changes, that are worldwide in scope.

B. Policy Making –

A. New Knowledge – The private realm,


Slowly, and with a systems of C. Economic Sphere-
rapid quickening of transportation, The effects of new
pace after fifteenth communication, knowledge have been
century, humanity has business and education partially noticeable in
met with increasing have tended to become the economic sphere.
success in larger and more Technical improvements
understanding the centralized. Most have made possible a
secrets of nature and communication at the mechanization of labor
applying this new national level has that has resulted in
knowledge to human become unified, and mass production.
affairs. many are now organized
on a worldwide basis.
79
D. Social Realm – E. Technology-
This complex and The more society is
F. On Women’s
interrelated series of influenced by
Friendship-
changes in technology, the
Women`s
humanity`s way of more we need to
friendships are
life is generally consider the social,
special. girls` and
known as ethical, and
later women, can
Modernization. technological, and
discuss with each
scientific aspects of
other anything or
each decision and
everything.
choice.

Activity
Positive or Negative Influences?

We learned about how human relation are transformed by social system. In


this activity give positive and negative example/situation of each factor.

Positive Negative
1. New Knowledge

2. Policy Making

3. Economic Sphere

4. Social Realm

5. Technology

6. On women’s
friendship

Processing Question:
1. Based on your own experience, what factors would influence you most? Why?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

80
2. What factors influence you less? Explain

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Activity
Write Rhyming Couplets

Direction: Write a rhyming couplets on how society affects human relation.


Example are provided below.
Rhyming couplets are two poetry lines in a row that rhyme. They usually
have the same rhythm.

Example

I think that I shall never see


Figure
7https://www.flickr.com/photo
s/bycp/5721070267/lightbox/ A poem as lovely as a tree.

--“trees” by Joyce Kilmer

_________________________________________________.

Rubric to grade the student output

Criteria Rating
The poem is written with a 1 2 3 4 5
defined and style.
Thoughts are clear to read 1 2 3 4 5
and understandable
The poem is written within 1 2 3 4 5
the format required.
Total (15 pts)

81
3-2-1Reflection

Three ideas I learned in this lesson _________, ___________, __________.

I can use these ideas by doing __________________ and ________________.

What confused me most in the lesson was. __________________________

82
MODULE 8

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
on how to use simple and compound sentences. The scope of this module permits it
to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into four lessons, namely:


Lesson 8 – Human Persons as Oriented Towards Their Impending Death

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Enumerate the objectives he/ she really wants to achieve and define the
projects he/ she really wants to do in his/ her life.

2. Reflect on the meaning of his/ her own life.

83
Lesson Human Persons as Oriented Towards
8 Their Impending Death
Sit back and recall what has happened in your life lately. What moment brought you
great joy? What filled you with pain and sadness?

Directions: Get 2 colored papers (different color) and cut it into strips. Write
your happy experiences on one color and your sad ones on the other. Then
weave the strips like a mat. As you look at your work of art, think of how events
in your life- both happy and sad- molded you into who you are now. Did they
help you become a better person? Did they encourage you to live a more
meaningful life.

Now, remove one of the colored strips. Do your remaining strips still make a
beautiful mat?

What does this activity say about the meaning of life?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Have you ever wondered about how nothing seems to last forever? Objects get worn
out until they can’t be used anymore, food and drinks expire, and trends become
outdated after some time, Even more. What about the cycle of being born, growing
up, getting sick, and dying? These point to one very important reality about our
human condition: we are temporal being or being oriented towards death

Have you ever thought about what it means to die? Surely, the idea makes
you a bit uncomfortable. You may feel that thinking about death at this time in your
life is a bit inappropriate or unnecessary since you are still young, and you have your
whole life ahead of you. We do not really think about the reality of our own death
because it is difficult to imagine when and how we will die.

84
The very thought of death and the mystery surrounding it certainly cause a
lot of grief and anxiety to a person, but it is an essential element in the human
condition which definitely deserves attention. Only in reflecting on the reality of death
can we begin to explore and understand the meaning of our own existence.

Process questions:

What is your initial idea and impression about death?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Why do you think some people have such a negative view regarding death?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Death is commonly understood as the end of bodily functions which signals


the end of a person’s life. It also refers to the separation of the body and the spirit.
Dying is a process, the end point of which is death. In this sense, dying is a
terminal part of living. The coping responses during this particular segment of life
are shaped by previous experiences with death, as well as by cultural attitudes and
beliefs. Kubler-Ross (1969) postulate five stages that many dying patients pass
through from the time they first become aware of their fatal prognosis to their actual
death:
1. Denial

On being told that one is dying, there is an initial reaction of shock. The
patient may appear dazed at first and may then refuse to believe the diagnosis or
deny that anything is wrong.

2. Anger

Patient become frustrated, irritable and angry that they are sick. A
common response is, “Why me?” They may become angry at God, Their fate, a friend,
or friend, or a family member.

3. Bargaining
The patient may attempt to negotiate with physicians, friends or even
God, that in return for a cure, the person will fulfill one or many promises, such as
giving to charity or reaffirm an earlier faith in God.

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4. Depression

The patient shows clinical sign of depression- withdrawal, psychomotor


retardation. Sleep disturbances, hopelessness and possible suicidal ideation.

5. Acceptance

The patient realizes that death is inevitable and accept the universality
of experience. The patient is courageous and can talk about his or her death as he
or she faces the unknown.

Process questions:

1. How does the reality of death define our lives?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

2. How does our freedom enable us to face the reality of death?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. Which view on death do you find most acceptable? Explain your answer

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

It can be said that we are also being who are moving towards our impending
death. This makes a person’s life limited in time. The focus on this limit has led to
several attitudes towards death. There are people who deny the idea of human
decline and death. Some people rely on anti- aging treatments and product to make
them look, feel and think that they are younger than they really are. Others focus on
experiencing intense moment and feelings in order to feel alive because no one really
knows when life will end. This has given rise to various expression such as #YOLO
(You Only Live Once) and “eat, drink, and be merry for tomorrow we die.”
Additionally, people also put great importance to speed and efficiency- we are
concerned about doing more things in a shorter span of time so we can do more in a
lifetime.

These attitudes are not necessarily bad, but they may prevent us from
reflecting on the reality of death. We must embrace the fact that death is an integral
part of our life. Once we have come to terms with that, we can focus not just on the
quantifiable aspects of life but also on its quality. Ultimately, the acceptance of our
temporality can bring about a sense of freedom in us. It can also give us a clearer
purpose and focus on our activities. Since we cannot do everything in our lifetime,
we must be able to reflect on what need to do and identify the goals we need to
achieve so we can say that we have to lives a meaningful existence.

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Activity: Bucket List
Direction: It can be said That #YOLO is real. You only live Once. Think that you will
die tomorrow, and you will give a chance to list/ enumerate the 30 objectives really
wants to achieve before your life will finally ends. Fill up the bucket list below.

My Bucket List Before I Die

My Bucket List

What makes you happy?


What brings you happiness? It is the food you eat. The clothes you wear. The
gadgets you own. The achievement you reap. The moment you spend with your family
and friends?
Ancient Greek philosophy considers as an achievement and it must be gained
by living a productive and moral life. Religious philosophers considered happiness
as a union with God. Other contemporary views define happiness as a “whole-life
satisfaction.” Based on our evaluation of our overall life experiences. Various
philosophical views emphasize the importance of setting worthwhile goals in life to
achieve personal happiness. Happiness also has a social element, as we should not
only be concerned about our own happiness but also the well- being of others

Sources of happiness

1. Noble Good: which is pursued for its own sake; it is good in itself. Love and
friendship are some examples.

2. Useful Good: is considered good so long as it serves as a means to an end; its


goodness found only from what it can provide. Money is the example of this.
3. Pleasurable Good: is good so long as it provides some form of pleasure, though it
does not have to be physical. Sex is one of the examples of this.

Why do we suffer?

87
When was the last time you experienced suffering? What was the reason
behind it? How did you overcome it?
Suffering takes place when we patiently endure unpleasantness, discomfort,
and pain. It come in the form of Physical suffering, when we experience physical
sensations such as discomfort, hunger distress and pain. These are often caused by
injury, disease and the lack of basic needs. Mental suffering, which involves
emotional and mental states such as depression, anxiety, fear, loneliness, and grief.

Negative experiences are part of our lives. We cannot shelter ourselves from
suffering, but we can be prepared to deal with it, so it does not break us. Philosophy
helps us understand how suffering defines the states or condition of the person
before, during and after experience. It is important to remember that difficulties are
not without reason. They can bring about good things even we do not fully
understand our circumstances at present. More often, our hardship brings about
realizations and opportunities for us. Even if the outcome of difficulty is unfavorable,
dealing with suffering can improves our attitude toward life and other people.

Activity
Directions: Complete the table matrix below by answering the question inside the
box.

How do happiness, suffering and


death give meaning to your life?

Happiness Suffering Death

88
Activity# 4
Make an activity plan that showing appreciation for the skills and talents of
persons with disabilities and the underprivileged.
The typhoon Ulysses hit the largest parts of Luzon last Wednesday November
11, 2020.The Bicol region, NCR and Cagayan are most affected. Tens of thousands
of homes in low-lying areas in Metro Manila, Rizal, Bicol, Cagayan and other parts
of the country were submerged by the flood, prompting residents to scramble onto
rooftops awaiting rescue. Many properties, billions of infrastructures and agriculture
are damaged. But the most hurtful and tearful fact about this situation is losing of
many lives.
Write an open letter of support and encouragement to the victims of typhoon
Ulysses specially those bereaved families.

Date: ________________________

__________________________

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

________________________

89
POST TEST (10 Items)

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen
letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is the best example of intersubjectivity?

A. Ben has always loved dogs. When his parents let him choose a family
pet, he picks a Labrador puppy from the shelter.
B. When Anna was twelve, her sister told her that pickles are rotten
cucumbers. Because of this, Anna now orders all her burgers without
pickles.
C. When Sarah was fifteen, she went exploring in a cave and became
trapped. She is now afraid of closed spaces.
D. Tony was born with vision in only one eye. Because of this, he
sometimes has difficulty perceiving depth.

2. Which of the following pictures that shows situation that develop harmonious
relation between people?

A. B.

C. D.

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3. How do we as human persons relate with others?

A. You begin talking to your classmate, telling him or her about a funny
experience you had in school.
B. Holding your pen and telling the unforgettable experiences you had in
dating with your boyfriend.
C. Talking to yourself about your problems in your family that you cannot
told to anyone.
D. Posting your experiences, feelings and opinion in social media so that all
people can see and relate.

4. Ancient Greek philosophy considered happiness as an achievement and it must


be gained by living a productive and moral life while religious philosophers
believes that:

A. happiness is a product of hard work


B. happiness can be found on material things
C. happiness is undefined influence to make to others
D. happiness can only be found through the union with God.

5. It is true that a person’s spiritual nature allows him to transcend his


temporality and physical limits. However, we also cannot deny the material
nature of the person, that he is still bound by the same laws of nature and
reality that applies to all objects in existence. Which of the following items shows
the truthfulness of this statement?

A. We cannot shelter ourselves from suffering, but we can be prepared to


deal with it so does not break.
B. We are born into life, we grow and age, and eventually die.
C. We are made truly happy by things that are true and good
D. We have the capacity to choose and act for oneself.

6. This kind of freedom refers to human beings have the unique power to change
themselves and things around for the better.
A. Freedom C. Intellectual freedom

B. Individual freedom D. Spiritual freedom

7. This term refers to a person have a free choice of one’s own acts without external
compulsion.
A. Prudence C. Self-determination

B. Freedom D. Voluntariness

8. What are the building blocks of the society?

A. Agencies C. social institutions

B. natural resources D. individuals

91
9. What structure of the society consists of individuals who interact and relate in a
shared cultural and symbolic environment?

A. Social deviance C. Social Interaction

B. Social system D. Social Institution

10. Oliver is an educator who wants to know about the economic challenges
encountered by the national government in 2019. Which Social institution
should he approach about his concern?
A. Religion C. Government

B. Education D. Economy

92
LESSON 5 LESSON# 5 What’s
More
What’s In? / What’s New?/ What
1. C
I can Do? 2. D
3. B
DEPENDING ON THE 4. A
STUDENTS’ ANSWER 5. D
1. B
2. C
3. B
4. A
5. D

LESSON 7
LESSON 6
What’s In? / What’s New?/
What’s In? / What’s New?/
What’s More?/ What I can Do?
What’s More?/ What I can Do?
DEPENDING ON THE
DEPENDING ON THE
STUDENTS’ ANSWER
STUDENTS’ ANSWER

What I Know

1. d 6. d
LESSON 8
2. d 7. c
What’s In? / What’s
3. a 8. a New?/ What’s More?/
4. d 9. C What I can Do?

5. a 10. D DEPENDING ON THE


STUDENTS’ ANSWER

8. a 3. a

10. D 7. C 5. a 2. d

9. c 6. D 4. d 1. d

ASSESSMENT

93
References

MODULE 5
• Ramos, Christine Carmela R. (2016) Introduction to the Philosophy of the
Human Person, Sto. Domingo, Quezon City: Rex Publishing

• Abella, Roberto D. (2016) Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human


Person, South Triangle Quezon City: C&E Publishing.

• Image: Freedom Jump Reach Free Photo, Download on needpix.com found


on Google from Clker-Free-Vector-Images (pixabay.com)
Retrieved from
https://www.needpix.com/photo/download/177560/freedom-jump-reach-
silhouettes-young-people-grass-clouds-outdoor
September 16, 2020

• Image: Political speech speaker with bullhorn in hand civil rights, Download
from pixy.org found on Google from Pixy.org
Retrieved from https://pixy.org/src/359/thumbs350/3598324.jpg
September 16, 2020

• Image: Thought clouds font free photo, download from needpix.com found on
Google from Needpix.com/photo
Retrieved from https://www.needpix.com/photo/73858/thoughts-clouds-font-free-freedom-
think-muzzle-opinion-freedom-of-thought
October 31, 2020

• Image: Nature, download from storage.needpix.com found on Google from


Storage.needpix.com
Retrieved from https://storage.needpix.com/rsynced_images/nature-
2718611_1280.jpg
October 31, 2020

MODULE 6

• Mabaquiao, Napoleon M. Jr. (2016) An Introduction to the Philosophy of the


Human Person Senior High School. Quezon Ave, Quezon City: Phoenix
Publishing House
• Ramos, Christine Carmela R. (2016) Introduction to the Philosophy of the
Human Person, Sto. Domingo, Quezon City: Rex Publishing
• Abella, Roberto D. (2016) Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person,
South Triangle Quezon City: C&E Publishing.
• Image: RONNEL DEL RIO, Found on Google from wixixixi.wixsite.com
google.com Retrieved from https://images.app.goo.gl/yAkHEn5tFL3DonFE7
Nov 4, 2020
• Image: Disability is not a problem for success…Proud To Be Pinoy Project,
Found on Google from proudtobepinoyproject.wordpress.com google.com
Retrieved from https://images.app.goo.gl/g88xwf8YiSUKRvcG9

94
Nov 4, 2020
• Image: Gilda Quintua- nakahara, Found on Google from wixixixi.wixsite.com
google.com Retrieved from https://images.app.goo.gl/w5Qn4V2fneFJBaLh6
Nov 4, 2020

MODULE 7

Ramos, Christine Carmela R. (2016) Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human


Person, Sto. Domingo, Quezon City: Rex Publishing

Maboloc, Ryan Christopher, (2017) Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human


Person, Mother Ignacia, Diliman Quezon City: Inteligente Publishing Inc.
References
• UNDP Climate change adapation. Drought/Water Scarcity. Retrieved from
https://www.adaptation-undp.org/collaborators/local-governments. October 20,
2020
• Vincent Le Moign. Creazilla. Spaghetti emoji art. Retrieved from
https://creazilla.com/nodes/49668-spaghetti-emoji-clipart. October 20, 2020

• Pikrepo. White human figure holding red and white balloon, Retrieved from
https://www.pikrepo.com/ficvh/white-human-figure-holding-red-and-white-
balloon. October 20, 2020

• Hassan, Mohammed (2018). Child mother daughter. Retrieved from


https://pixabay.com/vectors/silhouette-child-mother-daughter-3299372/. October
20, 2020

• Pixy#org.Hand drawn Japanese woman wears traditional Japanese kimono and.


retrieved from https://pixy.org/2622570/. October 20, 2020

•Facebook. Modern Visual Society (2020). Retrieved from


https://www.facebook.com/mvsofficial2020/photos/a.106931654173874/106931
564173883

. OCTOBER 20, 2020

MODULE 8

• Mabaquiao, Napoleon M. Jr. (2016) An Introduction to the Philosophy of the


Human Person Senior High School. Quezon Ave, Quezon City: Phoenix
Publishing House
• Ramos, Christine Carmela R. (2016) Introduction to the Philosophy of the
Human Person, Sto. Domingo, Quezon City: Rex Publishing
• Abella, Roberto D. (2016) Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person,
South Triangle Quezon City: C&E Publishing.

95
• Image: Elegant Border Frames Clipart Panda- Free Cliparts Images, Found on
Google from Clipart-library.com google.com
Retrieved from https://images.app.goo.gl/JQqfkQ1GbPkcTZKa6
November 9, 2020
• Image: 3 ways to Make Placemats by weaving paper Strips- wikiHow, Found on
Google from wikihow.com google.com
Retrieved from https://images.app.goo.gl/zjFrqJkeSizQ4JYDA
November 9, 2020

96
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division Office Navotas


Learning Resource Management Section

Bagumbayan Elementary School Compound


M, Naval St., Sipac Almacen, Navotas City

Telefax: 02-8332-77-64
Email Address: navotas.city@deped.gov.ph
97

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