01 Paraphrasing - UTS - Sts

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SKILLS THAT HELP: PARAPHRASING (1)

Wp a r R
a p h Ir a sT i n gI 1N
exercises
G
exercises

A Make a different word, using the prompt in brackets.


e.g. development (change to verb) - to develop
e.g. economise (change to noun) - economy

1. To analyse (change to noun)


2. To analyse (change to adjective)
3. Evaluation (change to verb)
4. Theoretical (change to verb)
5. Problem (change to adjective)
6. To expect (change to noun)
7. To agree (change to opposite verb)
8. Organised (change to opposite adjective)
9. To prove (change to noun)
10.To prove (change to opposite verb)

B Finish these paraphrased sentences by changing the word/word type and


grammar.
e.g. We studied the statistics then applied for funding.
- After _________ the statistics, we made an _________ for funding.
- After studying the statistics, we made an application for funding.

1. We were concerned about her health.


We had some _________ about her health.
2. The council cut funding so we could not provide free parking.
Because of council funding _________, there was no_________ for free parking.
3. His proposal was a failure as it was too theoretical.
His proposal_________ because it relied too much on _________ .
4. As the emphasis was only on the UK, there were weaknesses in the evidence.
By _________ the UK only, the evidence was _________ .
5. As the emphasis was only on the UK, there were weaknesses in the evidence.
As the emphasis was only on the UK, the evidence was not_________ .

C Decide which paraphrase is better. (NB! Remember, your essay should not
just be one long paraphrase, even a good paraphrase!)

1. Adverts are a major part of everyday life.


Paraphrase 1
Advertising is an important feature of daily life.
Paraphrase 2
The influence of adverts can be felt in all aspects of our lives.

2. Adverts for the soft drink, Tango, have recently been banned for possibly
encouraging playground bullying.
Paraphrase 1
Advertising for the fizzy drink, Tango, have been disallowed recently for potentially
leading to school bullying.
Paraphrase 2
A ban on Tango adverts has been implemented recently, as some felt the content
could encourage school bullies.

© E Powell 2013 www.epax.co.uk


1
Wp a r R
a p h Ir a sT i n gI 1N
exercises
G
exercises

3. Opinion is divided over what impact, if any, advertising has on children. What is
beyond question is that many people, parents in particular are worried about its
effects. 88% of Swedes supported their government’s ban on children’s TV adverts
in 1991 (Willows, 2009) while 36% of adults in the UK thought that advertising was
damaging to their children (Sidle, 2011).

Paraphrase 1
There is little agreement on the effect of advertising on children, though it is
undoubtedly a concern, especially for parents. When Sweden banned children’s TV
adverts in 1991, 88% of the population supported the decision (Willows, 2009),
while in the UK, over a third of adults thought advertising could damage their
children (Sidle, 2011).

Paraphrase 2
Views vary on what possible effect advertising can have on the young. What is
without doubt is that most people, especially parents, are concerned about the
impact. 88% of Swedish people were in favour of their government’s ban on
advertising on children’s television (Willows, 2009), and in the UK, 36% of adults
believed adverts were harmful to their offspring (Sidle, 2011).

D Paraphrase the following.


1. For many people across Europe, the introduction of the Euro has lead to price rises
in many everyday goods.
2. Women have traditionally been seen as mothers and home makers and it is only in
recent years that they have been making significant inroads into the job market.
There is still a long way to go before they achieve complete equality with men but
the situation has definitely improved.
3. In the 1920s, an American academic, Elton Mayo, researched the effects of the
physical environment on the productivity of workers. The result, known as the
Hawthorne Studies, named after the electrics company where it took place,
showed that workers could be motivated to work harder by making small changes
to the workplace, such as altering the lighting or the layout of a room.

© E Powell 2013 www.epax.co.uk


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SKILLS THAT HELP: PARAPHRASING (2)
PARAPHRASING ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY 1
Read the original text below. Highlight the words that you think are specialised words or
words that should not be changed when paraphrasing. Underline the words which should be
changed.

The United States, Germany, Japan and other industrial powers are being
transformed from industrial economies to knowledge and information based service
economies, whilst manufacturing has been moving to low wage countries. In a
knowledge and information based economy, knowledge and information are the key
ingredients in creating wealth.
(Source: Laudon & Laudon 2002, Management information systems: managing the digital firm, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.)

ACTIVITY 2
Read the two paraphrases of the original text below. Select the statement that describes the
most appropriate paraphrase.

Paraphrase 1

The United States, Germany, Japan and other economies are being dramatically
changed from industrial economies to knowledge and information based service
economies as manufacturing shifts to countries where the wages are low cost. In a
knowledge and information based economies, knowledge and information are the
focus in economic growth (Laudon & Laudon 2002).

Paraphrase 2

There has been a dramatic change in economies such as the United States, Japan and
Germany from industrial to service economies involved in knowledge and
information. As manufacturing shifts to countries where wages are low, economic
growth and information economies must focus on knowledge and information
production (Laudon & Laudon 2002).

(a) Paraphrase 1 is acceptable because it closely follows the sentence structure of the
original.
(b) Both paraphrases are acceptable because some of the keywords have been changed.
(c) Paraphrase 2 is not acceptable because the sentence structure has been changed.
(d) Paraphrase 2 is acceptable because both the sentence structure and the keywords have
been changed.
(e) Paraphrase 2 is unacceptable because the subject of the first sentence is different from
the original, i.e. ‘dramatic change’ rather than ‘the United States, Germany and Japan’.
ACTIVITY 3
Find the words in Paraphrase 2 that replace the key words in the original text highlighted in
blue below.

Paraphrase 2

The United States, Germany, Japan and other industrial powers are being
transformed from industrial economies to knowledge and information based service
economies, whilst manufacturing has been moving to low wage countries. In a
knowledge and information based economy, knowledge and information are the key
ingredients in creating wealth.

other industrial powers = _______________________

transformed = _______________________

whilst = _______________________

has been moving = _______________________

low wage countries = _______________________

key ingredients = _______________________

ACTIVITY 4
Build a paraphrase. Read the original text below and build a paraphrase from the selection
of phrases provided on the next page.

Information systems make it possible for business to adopt flatter, more decentralised
structures and more flexible arrangements for employees and management. Organisations
are trying to become more competitive and efficient by transforming themselves intro digital
firms where nearly all core business process and relationships with customers, suppliers and
employees are digitally managed (Laudon & Laudon 2002).
How would you begin your paraphrase?

Business can develop …

(a) more decentralised structures,

(b) flatter, less centralised structures

(c) centralised arrangements

Write Your Paraphrase Here

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Now ask your partner/group to peer review your paraphrase.

You can also compare your paraphrase with a sample version overleaf.

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