Earth Science for STEM

Quarter 2 – Module 2:
Earth’s Internal Heat Sources

What I Know
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. The heat __________ from the crust down to the inner core due to several reasons.
Which of the following words will best complete the thought of the given statement?
a. Decreases
b. Equals
c. Increases
d. Proportional

2. Each layer of the earth has its own distinct features, composition, properties and
characteristics. Which among the layers of the earth has the highest temperature?
a. The core which has decaying isotopes.
b. The crust which is the most exposed to ultraviolet rays.
c. The lithosphere which is the solid part of the earth.
d. The mantle which is the mostly solid bulk layer of the earth.

3. Different elements with varying properties comprises the layers of the earth. Which
layer of the earth has the highest amount of molten state iron?
a. The core which is the hot and dense inner most layer of the earth.
b. The crust which is the lightest and thinnest layer of the earth.
c. The lithosphere which is known as the solid outermost part of the earth.
d. The mantle which is the most massive layer of the earth.

4. Why do you think Earth is considered as a thermal engine?

a. As a natural satellite the moon gives thermal energy to earth.
b. Decay of isotopes contributes to the internal heat of the earth.
c. The energy coming from the sun gives tremendous heat on the surface.
d. Too much pressure on the crust causes materials to be molted which gives large
amount of heat.

5. What do you think will happened to the amount of heat from the outermost layer of
the earth down to its core?
a. As you move from the surface of the earth to the inner core the amount of heat
lower.
b. As you move from the surface of the earth to the inner core the amount of heat
becomes higher.
c. The amount of heat in the surface of the earth is equal to its interior.
d. The amount of heat is indirectly proportional to the location of the earth
6. Which of the following pertains to the process by which gasses and dust of cloud
were attracted by gravitational energy 4.6 billion years ago?
a. Accretion
b. Gravitational pull
c. Solidification
d. Planetesimal

7. Direct observation is not possible to know all the details about the interior of the
earth due to its changing nature of internal composition and tremendous heat that
come from its inner most layer. Which of the following will best describe the given
sentence?
a. The statement conveys correct information.
b. The statement conveys incorrect information.
c. The statement is dependent on the inner or outer core.
d. The thought of the statement cannot be determined due to the nature of Earth.

8. Which among the layers of the earth has the greatest pressure which contributes to
the production of the tremendous internal heat?
a. Crust has the greatest pressure due to movement of rocks.
b. Inner core has the greatest pressure among the layers of the earth.
c. Mantle contains most volume of the earth causing it to have high pressure.
d. Outer core has greater pressure than the inner core.

9. There are several sources that contribute to the internal heat of the earth. Which of
the following is NOT a major process that contributed to Earth’s internal heat?
a. As radioactive isotopes decay, it releases heat which contributes to the earth’s
internal heat.
b. Heat released by colliding particles during the formation of the planet
c. Primordial heat from the formation of the planet contributes to its internal heat.
d. When iron is crystallized heat is released causing the inner core to be the hottest
layer.

10. How did the Earth generate heat on its early stage of formation?
a. Due gravitational pressure at the center of the planet.
b. Due to radioactive decay of some isotopes.
c. Due to the collision of huge amount of gas and dust particles.
d. Through absorption of energy from planetisimals.

11. What process exist as heat is transferred from one plate to another along plate
boundaries?
a. Conduction
b. Convection
c. Radiation
d. Thermal transfer

12. How do radioactive isotopes emit heat energy and contribute to Earth’s internal
heat?
a. Due to preservation of primordial heat from the earliest stage of the earth.
b. Due to spontaneous radioactive decay of isotopes.
c. Through gravitational pressure between particles.
d. Through pressure freezing of the particles.
13. How do naturally occurring isotopes play a vital role in the production of earth’s
internal heat?
a. Due to chemical stability.
b. Due to its abundance and emission of heat when it decays.
c. Due to its high energy capacity.
d. Due to the heat it releases as it is subjected to low temperature.

14. What happened to the pressure inside the Earth as you go deeper?
a. The pressure decreases as you descend to the interior of the earth.
b. The pressure increases as you descend to the interior of the earth.
c. The pressure is the same all throughout.
d. The pressure is unstable and is affected by gravity.

15. Why does Earth’s internal heat builds up due to gravitational pressure?
a. Because the escape of heat from Earth’s surface is greater than the heat generated.
b. Heat cannot escape from the interior of the earth since it is a closed system.
c. The amount of heat that can be generated on the earth’s interior is tremendous
while lesser amount can escape on the surface.
d. The amount of heat that can be released on the surface is greater.

What’s In
Based on the illustration given, identify and give the description of each layers of the
earth.

Crust

Mantle

Outer Core

Inner Core

1. “Crust” describes the outermost shell of a terrestrial planet. The crust is made
of solid rocks and minerals.
2. A mantle is a layer inside a planetary body bounded below by a core and above
by a crust. it plays an important role in the evolution of the crust and provides
the thermal and mechanical driving forces for plate tectonics.
3. The outer core is the third layer of the Earth.it is responsible for Earth's
magnetic field. As Earth spins on its axis, the iron inside the liquid outer core
moves around.
4. inner core is a key component of the planet, helping to give rise to the magnetic
field that protects us from harmful space radiation

What’s New
Read the situation below and answer the following guide questions
Guide Questions:
1.Where does the magma come from?
-Magma originates in the lower part of the Earth’s crust and in
the upper portion of the mantle.
2. How does internal structure of Earth produce magma?
-Magma is form from heat transfer and decompression melting.
3. What can you infer on the Earth’s internal temperature?
-From the surface of the Earth going to its internal layers, the amount of heat
increases.

What’s More
A. Analyze the given set of statements. Choose what best describes the statements
from the given choices.
A. 1. The Earth’s interior has tremendous amount of heat. The amount of heat
increases from the crust of the earth down to its core.
A. 2. Accretion is the process wherein gasses and dust cloud were attracted by
gravitational energy. Some of the gasses from the earliest formation of the earth
remains which contributes to the heat on earth.
B. 3. Frictional heating also contributes to the heat inside the earth. This is caused
by less dense core material sinking to the planet's interior.
C. 4. All isotopes of naturally occurring elements are present inside the core of the
earth. Radioactive decay of isotopes and radioactive elements results to release of
energy in a form of heat which contributes to internal heat.
B. 5. The internal heat of the earth serves as source for some geologic activities. It
is also the major source of heat in the crust and atmosphere.
D. 6. Pressure increases from the interior of the earth up to its crust. Thus, at low
temperature, the material beneath the crust will melt towards the central part of
the earth.
A. 7. Energy in a form of heat is transported all throughout the earth. This is
transported in the process of conduction or convection.

B. Choose from the word bank the most appropriate word to complete the
statements below. Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper.
8. It took a long time for heat to move from the internal part of the Earth going to
its surface.
9. There had been convection transport of heat within the core to the mantle of
the earth.
10. Earth is considered as thermal engine since its main source of internal heat
come from the produced decay of some naturally occurring isotopes from its
interior.
11. Radioactive decay emits heat energy that prevents the Earth from completely
cooling off.
12. The escape of heat from Earth’s surface is less than the heat generated from
internal gravitational attraction, so heat builds up with.
13. molten materials under tremendous pressure conditions acquires the
property of a solid and is probably in a plastic state
14. The inner core intense pressure prevents the iron and other minimal amount
of some elements from melting
15. The pressure and density are simply too great for the iron atoms to move into a
liquid state
What I Have Learned
Complete the concept map below. Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper.

Earth’s Internal Heat Source

Crust Mantle Outer core Inner core

Produced Heat by

Primordial heat Decay of Gravitational Dense core

of the planet radioactive pressure material in the
remains from its elements. center of the
early stage. planet.

What I Can Do
Read and analyze the scenario below. Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper.
Refer to the rubrics below as your guide in answering the questions.
It is true that we students have a lot to do, and we have 8 subjects that will give us
activities and assignments with deadlines.I simply tried to put in more effort in getting
the job done and submitting all tasks on time. These things put a lot of pressure on
me, and I get easily annoyed (working under pressure)

The Earth's interior increases its pressure as we go down to the center of the Earth
together with heat. Because of this internal activity of the Earth, it will result to
volcanic eruption and earthquake on the Earth's crust the same way we get mad of
everything answering our task.

Assessment
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. What happens to the temperature as you move from the surface of Earth to its inner
most layer?
a. The temperature decreases as the amount of heat increases.
b. The temperature fluctuates from the crust done to the core.
c. The temperature increases from the crust down to the core.
d. The temperature stays the same in all the layers.

2. As you move from the surface of Earth to the inner core, what happens to the
density of the materials of each layer?
a. Density of materials decreases due to its composition.
b. Density of materials may increase but will decrease from time to time.
c. Density of materials remains the same in all the layers.
d. Density of the materials increases from the crust to the core.

3. What prevents the iron and other minimal amount of some elements in the core
from melting?
a. Density
b. Pressure
c. Temperature
d. Vapor

4. How do naturally occurring isotopes play a vital role in the production of earth’s
internal heat?
a. Due to chemical stability
b. Due to its abundance and emission of heat when it decays.
c. Due to its high energy capacity
d. Due to the heat it releases as it is subjected to low temperature.

5. Heat flows from the different layers to the earth. What type of heat transport occurs
between the mantle and the core?
a. Conduction
b. Convection
c. Radiation
d. Sublimation

6. Which of the following is an isotope that is present in the core of the earth which
contributes to immense heat in its interior?
a. Uranium – 235
b. Uranium – 253
c. Uranium – 523
d. Uranium – 325

7. Which of the following terms pertains to the spontaneous breakdown of an atomic

nucleus which results to the release of energy and matter from the nucleus?
a. Convection
b. Gravitational pressure
c. Radiation
d. Radioactive decay

8. What happens to the amount of pressure as you move from the outermost layer of
Earth to its inner most layer?
a. The amount of pressure decreases from the outermost layer to the innermost layer.
b. The amount of pressure increases from the crust down to the core.
c. The amount of pressure remains the same.
d. The pressure will increase then decrease from each layer.
9. Why do you think Earth is considered as a thermal engine?
a. As a natural satellite the moon gives thermal energy to earth.
b. Decay of isotopes contributes to the internal heat of the earth.
c. The energy coming from the sun gives heat tremendous heat on the surface.
d. Too much pressure on the crust causes materials to be molted which gives large
amount of heat.

10. Why does Earth’s internal heat builds up due to gravitational pressure?
a. Because the escape of heat from Earth’s surface is greater than the heat generated.
b. Heat cannot escape from the interior of the earth since it is a closed system.
c. The amount of heat that can be generated on the earth’s interior is tremendous
while lesser amount can escape on the surface.
d. The amount of heat that can be released on the surface is greater.

11. How did the Earth generate heat on its early stage of formation?
a. Due gravitational pressure at the center of the planet.
b. Due to radioactive decay of some isotopes.
c. Due to the collision of huge amount of gas and dust particles.
d. Through absorption of energy from planetisimals.

12. Which of the following sentences about the internal heat of the earth is
INCORRECT?
a. As someone goes down the center of the earth, the density of the materials
increases, thus, the temperature increases.
b. As someone goes down the center of the earth, the pressure increases, thus, the
temperature increases.
c. Due to radioactive decay in the center of the Earth, the planet is cooling off.
d. There are remains of primordial heat of the Earth.

13. The heat that flows from the inner most layer makes materials move in the
different layers of the Earth. Which of the following best describe the given sentence?
a. It cannot be determined due to the composition of Earth.
b. The given statement conveys correct information.
c. The given statement conveys incorrect information.
d. The information is dependent on the given layer of the Earth.

14. How do radioactive isotopes emit heat energy and contribute to Earth’s internal
heat?
a. As gravitational pressure is applied to isotopes, it condenses then emits heat.
b. High amount of pressure freezes the isotopes.
c. Isotopes preserves the primordial heat of the earth.
d. Radioactive isotopes releases heat upon undergoing spontaneous radioactive decay.

15. Which of the following is the main source of Earth’s internal heat?
a. Decay of radioactive elements in the core of the earth.
b. Dense materials in the core of the Earth.
c. Gravitational pressure acting on the materials of the internal layers.
d. Primordial heat from the beginning of the earth.
Additional Activities
Write an essay on how humans harness the internal heat of the earth in producing
electricity. Refer to the rubric below as your guide in writing your essay.

Throughout the years electricity has become a source of energy that cannot seem to be
replaced; however there are many different alternatives to this source of energy. One
specific alternative is geothermal energy, which might be just as effective as electricity,
but much less harmful to the environment.

Geothermal energy is produced by the heat of Earth's molten interior. This energy is
harnessed to generate electricity when water is injected deep underground and returns
as steam to drive a turbine on an electric power generator. This geothermal energy
originates from the original formation of the planet, from radioactive decay of minerals,
from volcanic activity and from solar energy absorbed at the surface. It has been used
for bathing since Paleolithic times and for space heating since ancient Roman times,
but is now better known for generating electricity.

Geothermal energy, one of the most promising among renewable energy sources, has
proven to be reliable, clean and safe, and therefore, its use for power production, and
heating and cooling is increasing. It is a power source that produces electricity and
heat with minimal environmental impact