Sei Notes

ASM NOTES ON NUUMERICALS OF LAYTIME CALCULATION
LAYTIME CALCULATION:
 Lay days calculation is required only as per Voyage Charter Party.
LAYDAYS
METHOD (1) METHOD (2) METHOD (3)

(B/L QUANTITY/ PER WORKING HATCH PER WORKING HATCH
DAILY RATE PER DAY PER DAY
, = B/L QUANTITY/ =MAXIMUM QUANTITY
, ( DAILY RATE X NUMBER OF HATCHES) IN A HATCH / ( DAILY RATE X
, ,
, NUMBER OF HATCHES ,
, SERVING THE HOLD)*
 In this case „n‟ should be mentioned. e.g. if there are two cranes,
i.e two gangs are working in one cargo hold, then n=2
 Again if a shore crane is also employed in that particular hold, for
cargo operation, then n=3.
SELLER SALE CONTRACT BUYER
COGSA (CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY SEA ACT)
CARRIER
NOTES COMPILED BY CAPT, SUBHADIP BANERJEE

(VICE PRINCIPAL,SEIET KOLKATA)
Page 1 of 37
 HAGUE RULES
 HAGUE-VISBY RULES
 HAMBURG RULES
 COGSA
COGSA (CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY SEA ACT)
CONTRACT OF AFFREIGHTMENT CONTRACT OF HIRE

(ONLY APPLICABLE FOR VOYAGE CHARTER) (APPLICABLE FOR TIME CHARTER OR
BARE BOAT CHARTER)
LAYDAYS LAYTIME DEMURRAGE OR DESPATCH
SOME IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS OF LAYTIME
LAYDAYS & CANCELLING DATE
 LAYDAYS:
- Laydays refers to a period of specified days(e.g. “Jan 8/15”)
during which owners must present their vessel for loading.
- Laydays should not be confused with Laytime.
 LAYTIME:
- As per Voyage Charter Party Laytime Interpretation rules
1993, Laytime is defined as “the period of time agreed
between the parties during which the owners will make
and keep the vessel available for loading or discharging
without payment additional to the freight.”
- The words “without payment additional to the freight” are
important.

Page 2 of 37
- It is the time period allowed to the Charterers, for loading

and/or discharging without payment additional to the freight
- In the Owner‟s interest, laytime should commence as
soon as possible.
- Laytime may be three types, with respect to the method of
determining the duration.
 DEFINITE LAYTIME
 CALCULABLE LAYTIME
 INDEFINITE LAYTIME
 DEFINITE LAYTIME :This type of Laytime will be definitely stated

in the Charter Party as a specified period of time, e.g. “6(Six)
days…” or “….. 48 Running Hours. In Oil Tanker trades, 72
Running hours is the industry norm.
 CALCULABLE LAYTIME : Laytime must be determined by
making a computation from information in the Charter Party, e.g.
where a cargo is weighing 20,000 tons is to be loaded at a rate
10,000 tons per day, the Laytime will be (20,000/10,000= 2 Days).
 INDEFINITE LAYTIME: In this type of Laytime, the Charter party
may state that the cargo is to be loaded with “Customary
despatch” or “Customary quick despatch” or “As fast as the
vessel can receive”.
Q. When the Laytime will commence?

The laytime can only start to count against the Charterers, after the
following three conditions are being fulfilled;
1. The vessel has become an “Arrived Ship”, within the terms of the
Charter Party.
2. The vessel is in all respect ready to load/ discharge.
3. Notice Of Readiness (NOR) has been served on the Charterers
or their agent, (or, in few cases such as under the SHELVOY 4
Charter Party, has been received by the Charteres or their agent)
in accordance with the Charter Party.
- Laytime normally runs until completion of loading (or
discharging). However, some charter parties provide that if,
after completion of loading, there is a delay of one hour or
more for the Charterer‟s purposes, (e.g. testing of samples,

Page 3 of 37
preparation of documentation), time will be deemed to run

until termination of the delay.
- Master should obtain from their Owners or managers a copy
of Voyage Charter Party Laytime Interpretation Rules 1993,
which explain all the usual terms associated with the
calculation of the laytime, demurrage or despatch.
 CANCELLING DATE :
- It is the final lay day, and the date beyond which, if the
chartered vessel has not been presented for loading, the
charterer may reject her & cancel the Charter.
- Cancelling date is usually be found in a Cancelling Clause,
which provides that the Charterers will not be entitled to
cancel the charter before the stated cancelling date, even if
when it is obvious, that the vessel cannot arrive at the
loading port within that date.
 LAYCAN:
- Together Laydays and Cancelling Date, is often called
“LAYCAN”.
- It is the period, within which, the vessel must be presented at
the agreed port or place.
- If the vessel arrives before the first day of the period, the
Charterers do not have to accept her until
commencement of the agreed Laydays.
- If the vessel arrives after the final lay day, the Charterers
are entitled to reject the vessel and cancel the Charter.
- In Charter parties & related documents, the laycan will
usually be written as (e.g. “10/20 May” ) . It means 10th
May is the first lay day while 20th May is the Cancelling
Date.
- The Charterers cannot be made to declare whether they
intend to cancel the laycan or not before the vessel arrives at
the loading port. Even after cancelling date has passed,
Owners can still not compel the Charterers to declare
whether or not they will load the vessel (and in practice the
Charterers will often stay silent, hoping to make a new
contract with the Owners).

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- To avoid delay to the vessel, in awaiting the Charterer‟s

decision on cancellation, some charter parties have an
extension to the Cancelling Clause, compelling the
Charterers to declare within a specified time whether or not
they elect to cancel after being informed of the vessel‟s late
arrival.
The number of Laydays allowed for loading or discharging, or for both
processes if reversible laydays are stipulated. Where the time allowed
has to be calculated from the given weight of cargo and the daily rate of
loading or discharging. It should be worked out to the nearest minute.
The kind of laydays.
Examination questions are of necessity somewhat economically worded
and it may sometimes be necessary to make certain assumptions.
Where for instance, lay days are described as “working days” or
“weather working days”- it should be assumed that SUNDAYS and
HOLIDAYS are excepted unless it is specifically stated otherwise.
With regard to Holidays, however a candidate should not treat any
day as a Holiday, unless it is actually stated to be a Holiday. If, for
instance, the loading or discharging period includes 25th December,
that day should not be assumed to be a Holiday.
When the Laytime begins to count

 No difficulty arises over this if the question gives a direct statement
such as “Lay Days begin to count 24 hours after Notice of
Readiness is accepted” and the time of acceptance is stated
as well, or
 “Laydays to begin when vessel is in berth” with the time of
berthing also mentioned.
 If, however, no mention is made of the time when laydays are
to commence, the candidate will be justified in assuming that
lay days count from the moment when loading or discharging
is said to begin.
When the Laytime expires to count

 If the recommended lay-out of the time sheet is employed, the
moment when the time expires is very easily determined.
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 It will be noticed that in the column headed “hours to count”

the number of hours and minutes which are counted are
entered for each day.
 In the adjacent column there is entered the total amount of lay
time that has accumulated at the end of each day in
succession. Entries in that column are continued until the
whole period of time allowed has been accounted for, and that
will make it quite clear at what hour on what day the lay day
will expire.
When the loaded ship is ready to sail

In this case the ship is ready either when the loading is completed or
when the B’s/L (Bills of Lading) are presented for signature,
whichever occurs later.
When the discharged ship is again at the disposal to her owners
In this case the ship is ready as soon as the discharge of cargo is
completed.
 DEMURRAGE:
 If cargo operations are completed after expiry of the laytime, there

is a breach of contract for which, the Charterers would be
technically liable for damages. Owners & Charterers will often find
themselves in this situation, and to avoid the expense &
unpleasantness of legal proceedings, liquidated damages ,
termed demurrage, normally become payable by the Charterers
to the Owners for each day, or part of a day, that the ship is
detained beyond the time of expiry of the laytime.
 DEMURRAGE is defined in the Voyage Charter Party Laytime

Interpretation Rules 1993, as “an agreed amount payable to
the owners in respect of delay to the vessel beyond the
laytime, for which h the owners are not responsible.
Demurrage shall not be subject to Laytime exceptions.”

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 Demurrage will only be payable if provided for in a clause in the

Charter Party, e.g. a DEMURRAGE CLAUSE
orDemurrage/Despatch Money Clause.
 The demurrage rate, which is normally quoted in in US Dollars,
will normally be a daily rate that will at least cover the owner‟s
cost of keeping the ship in the port.
 Demurrage is normally paid per running dayi.ewithout
exclusion of any Sundays, Holidays, or Bad weather, Strikes
etc, occurring during the detention period-hence the well-
known expression “ONCE ON DEMURRAGE, ALWAYS ON
DEMURRAGE”
 Some Charter Parties, e.g. GENCON, provide for a specified
maximum number of days allowed on demurrage, which if
exceeded, will allow the Ship owner to claim for his actual losses
caused by the delay, i.e. damages for detention
 Damages for detention, if awarded by an Arbitrator or Court, will

normally be more punitive than demurrage. An Owner would have
a claim for damages for detention, where, for example, an
extended delay in port on one charter prevented him from taking
up a second charter on which his ship had been fixed on the
assumption that she would be available.
 However, the usual practice is for the charterer‟s liability to the expressly
limited to an agreed sum in respect of each day and/or fraction of a day
(pro-rata) of the delay.
 Days during which the ship id delayed are referred to as “Demurrage days”
and the sum payable to the ship owner in respect of the delay is commonly
known as demurrage. Strictly speaking demurrage in the proper sense, of
the term does not arise, unless the C/P expressly provides for an agreed
number of demurrage days over and above the agreed lay days. Demurrage
is then a sum named in the charter-party to be paid by the charterer as
liquidated damages for delay beyond the lay days. A C/P might, for instance,
provide “vessel to be loaded in 12 working days, and 10 running days
at $1200 per day and pro rata for part of the day to be allowed for
demurrage”.
In this case, as soon as the 12 working days have expired the vessel will
come on to demurrage, and the charterer‟s liability will be limited to @1200 for
each day of delay thereafter up to 10 days. No breach of contract is involved if
the charterer making use of agreed demurrage days.

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Payment of Demurrage
 Charter party generally specify the rate at which demurrage is to
be paid, when incurred, quoting so much per day or so much per
Registered Ton per day, and adding the words “and pro-rata for
part of a day.”
 In some charters, however demurrage may be made payable at
affixed sum per running hour.
 If the contract does not provide for a fraction of a day, to be
allowed for on a proportionate basis, the common law ruling would
prevail.
 At common law, demurrage days are indivisible, meaning that a
fraction of a day counts as a whole day.
 In practice, however it is most unusual for the pro rata term to be
omitted.
 Unless there is a contrary term in the contract, the principle of
“Once on Demurrage, always on demurrage.” applies. That is to
say, that demurrage days are always running days, and that is so
irrespective of the kind of lay days contracted for.
 Similarly, unless the contrary is expressly agreed, Exception
clauses do not apply when the ship is on demurrage.
Assessment of demurrage, if any, due to the ship

If the ship is not loaded (which means with the cargo safely stowed), or
discharged, until after the lay time has expired, the whole period of
detention should, in the absence of a clear indication to the contrary, be
used as the basis for assessing the amount of demurrage payable.
Usually the demurrage rate given in the question will be expressed as so
much “per day and pro rata for part of a day”. However if the pro rata
phrase is missed out, it will be reasonable to assume that the intention is
nevertheless to treat any function of a day for what it is worth on the
grounds that that will be consistent with customary practice.
A doubtful situation could of course be dealt with by giving alternative
answers. If, for example, the question merely says “demurrage if
incurred , to be paid at $2400 per day” and the period of detention is,
say, 2 days 4 Hrs. 30 Min, the answer could be expressed as follows:

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(a) Demurrage payable is $7200 if the common law if the common law
position is strictly adhered to.
(b) Demurrage payable is $5250 if a pro rata basis is assumed.
Q) Which days are to be counted as demurrage days?

Ans:
 Days which follow the Lay days can be counted as Demurrage
days only when the ship remains at the Charterer’s
disposal.
 If the shipowner removes the ship from the Charterer‟s disposal,
(Say for bunkering or other purposes), demurrage cannot be
claimed for any time while she is so removed.
 If a C/P provides that a ship is to load in a stated number of
working days, Sundays & Holidays excepted, and that
demurrage is to be paid at a fixed sum “per like day”, then
demurrage would not be payable in respect of Sundays or
Holidays falling during this period of detention. Such an
arrangement is rare and unsatisfactory to the Ship Owner.
 Demurrage is to be paid daily and should be collected daily
(except where laydays are reversible), and if the ship is to be
detained over a week-end.
 Sunday‟s demurrage should be collected on Saturday together
with Saturday‟s.
Damages for Detention
 If the lay days have expired and demurrage has not been provided
for, or the time for loading or discharge has not been agreed and a
reasonable time for these processes has expired, or the
demurrage is to be paid for an agreed number of dfays and a
further delay occurs, the shipowner is entitled to sue for “Damages
for detention”.
 DESPATCH
 If cargo operations are completed before expiry of the laytime, a

monetary reward, termed DESPATCH or DESPATCH MONEY, is
normally payable by the Owner to the Charterers,
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 Despatch money or despatch is defined “as an agreed amount

payable by the Owners if the vessel completes loading or
discharging before the laytime has expired.”
 Despatch will only be payable if provided for in a Charter Party
clause (e.g. a Demurrage/ Despatch Money Clause). Some
Charter parties stipulate “free dispatch”, meaning that the owners
will not pay any dispatch money if time is saved.
 The daily despatch rate, which is normally quoted in in US
Dollars, is traditionally half the agreed demurrage rate , the
reasoning being that while early completion of cargo may give the
owners an opportunity to complete the voyage early & fix the
vessel on another charter, the charterers may also benefit from
early berthing of the next due vessel.
 If despatch is paya
 LAYTIME CALCULATION
 The purpose of Laytime Calculation is to determine whether on

completion of loading or discharge operation, despatch is payable
to the Charterers or demurrage is due to the Owners.
 The port agent is normally responsible for calculating the sum due
and rendering accounts.
 But the Master should also keep a tally on laytime used as he may
be required to confirm the agent‟s figures.
 The Master should also be aware, at any given moment, of
whether the laytime has commenced, whether is still running,
whether it is interrupted or whether the laytime has expired.
 Laytime Calculations are recorded on Laytime Statement.
 There are seven stages in a laytime calculation.
 1. Read relevant clauses in the Charter Party.
 2. Obtain Statement of Facts from the Agent.
 3. Determine duration of Laytime allowed.
 4. Establish time of commencement of Laytime.

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 5. Allow for Interruptions to Laytime as per the Charter Party.

 6. Establish time of expiry of Laytime.
 7. Calculate despatch or demurrage payable.
 The Statement of Facts(S.O.F.) is an extract from the port
operations log kept by the Charterer‟s agent, and contains times of
all relevant events, including:
 Arrival of Ship
 Tendering of Notice of Readiness
 Commencement of Laytime
 Commencement of Cargo Operation
 Periods of suspension of Laytime, with reasons in each case (so
that risk of stoppage can be apportioned);
 Termination of cargo operations
 Termination of Laytime.
 The Statement of facts (S.O.F.) should be approved by all the
parties involved, (Master, Stevedores Agents etc.) and will
normally be presented by the agent to the Master for his signature
and return;
 The Master should retain on board a copy of Statement of facts.
 It is important that prior signing the Master must compare the times
stated in the Statement of Facts, with those recorded on board the
ship, by ship‟s officers & crew. It is because the Charterer‟s agent
may have obtained inaccurate times from his terminal supervisor,
or may, for example, have recorded a Period of rain in the vicinity
of his office, that did not affect the ship for the same period.
 For a ship on a demurrage rate of USD 24,000 per day, 6 minutes
of time on demurrage is worth USD 100; it is therefore important
that all times are accurately recorded.
 The Statement of facts is used by the agent in drafting up the
Laytime Statement, from which any amount of demurrage or
despatch money payable will be calculated.
 The duration of laytime allowed depends on whether the laytime is
 Definite, e.g. “2 running days”
 Calculable,e.g. where there is a given tonnage of cargo and a
given rate of loading or discharging; or
 Indefinite, e.g. on “FAC” (“Fast as can”) terms- which are
unusual.

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 Where calculable, the allowed laytime for the operation involved

(loading or discharging) should be calculated to the nearest
minute.
Q.1) In a C/P agreement, it was agreed,”TIME TO COUNT FROM

1300 HOURS, IF NOR WAS TENDERED & ACCEPTED BEFORE
NOON IN ORDINARY OFFICE HOURS, (AS PER BIMCO,0800-
1800) AND AT 0600 HOURS, NEXT WORKING DAY, IF
TENDERED AND ACCEPTED AFTERNOON IN ORDINARY
OFFICE HOURS, UNLESS COMMENCED EARLIER”. Saturdays &
Sundays are non-working days & the loaded ship arrives under
following conditions & subsequently tenders NOR. For each notice,
specify when the Laytime will commence?
A) NOR TENDERED @ 1300 HOURS ON SUNDAY
B) NOR TENDERED @ 0500 HOURS ON MONDAY &
DISCHARGING COMMENCED AT 0900 HOURS ON SUNDAY
C) 1400 HOURS ON TUESDAY, WHEN FOLLOWING
WEDNESDAY WAS A PUBLIC HOLIDAY.
D) 2300 HOURS ON FRIDAY
E) 2300 HOURS ON SATURDAY WHEN FOLLOWING MONDAY
WAS A PUBLIC HOLIDAY.
SOLUTION:
A) IN THIS CASE, THE LAYTIME WILL COMMENCE AT 1300
HOURS ON MONDAY.
Reason: Since NOR was Tendered at 1300 Hours on SUNDAY &
SUNDAY was a Non- working day, hence NOR will be assumed
to be tendered before noon in ordinary office hours (i.e. as per
BIMCO, between 0800 hours to 1800 hours) on Monday.
Hence Laytime will commence at 1300 hours on Monday, since
NOR has been served before Noon.

Page 12 of 37
B) IN THIS CASE, THE LAYTIME WILL COMMENCE AT 1300

HOURS ON MONDAY.
Reason: Since NOR was Tendered at 0500 Hours on MONDAY
&Even if the cargo loading was commenced at 0900 hours on
SUNDAY, since SUNDAY was a Non- working day, hence NOR
will be assumed to be tendered before noon in ordinary office
hours (i.e. as per BIMCO, between 0800 hours to 1800 hours) on
Monday.
Hence Laytime will commence at 1300 hours on Monday, since
NOR has been served before Noon.
C) IN THIS CASE, THE LAYTIME WILL COMMENCE AT 0600
HOURS ON THURSDAY.
Reason: Since NOR was Tendered at 1400 Hours on TUESDAY,
hence as the NOR was served afternoon in ordinary office
working hours (i.e. as per BIMCO, between 0800 hours to 1800
hours), hence Laytime should have been commenced from 0600
hours on WEDNESDAY. But, as WEDNESDAY was a PUBLIC
HOLIDAY. Laytime will therefore should commence from 0600
hours on Thursday.
Hence Laytime will commence at 0600 hours on THURSDAY,
since NOR has been served afternoon on Tuesday & Following
Wednesday was a PUBLIC HOLIDAY.
D) IN THIS CASE, THE LAYTIME WILL COMMENCE AT 1300
HOURS ON MONDAY.
Reason: Since NOR was Tendered at 2300 Hours on FRIDAY,
which is not within ordinary office working hours,(i.e. as per
BIMCO, between 0800 hours to 1800 hours)hence it will be
assumed that the NOR was served before noon in ordinary office
working hours on MONDAY, hence Laytimewill commence from
1300 hours on MONDAY
Hence Laytime will commence at 1300 hours on MONDAY, since
NOR has been served beforenoon on Monday .
E) IN THIS CASE, THE LAYTIME WILL COMMENCE AT 1300
HOURS ON TUESDAY.
Page 13 of 37
Reason: Since NOR was Tendered at 2300 Hours on SATURDAY,

& SATURDAY was a Non- working day, hence NOR will be
assumed to be tendered before noon in ordinary office hours
(i.e. as per BIMCO, between 0800 hours to 1800 hours) on NEXT
WORKING DAY, WHICH IS TUESDAY, as MONDAY WAS A
PUBLIC HOLIDAY.
hence as the NOR was served before noon in ordinary office
working hours (i.e. as per BIMCO, between 0800 hours to 1800
hours) , on Tuesday, hence Laytime should have been
commenced from 1300 hours on TUESDAY.
Hence Laytime will commence at 1300 hours on TUESDAY, since
NOR has been served afternoon on Tuesday & Following
Wednesday was a PUBLIC HOLIDAY.
Q.2) Cargo to be loaded @ the rate of 3000 MT/ Day 24 Consecutive

(WWD) hour, SHINC. At the load port Laytime to commence after 24
running hours after NOR is tendered & accepted, during official
working hours, WIBON. Cost of shifting at the load port to the
second berth , including Fuel to be on Owner‟s Account.
Time used for shifting not to count as Laytime. If the vessel is
detained longer than the time allowed for loading, Demurrage is
payable at the rate of Rs. 46000/- per day or pro-rata. Despatch
money @1/2 the rate of Demurrage, for ALL LAYTIME SAVED.
Statement of Facts
PARTICULARS TIME DATE DAY
NOR TENDERED & 1000 14/01 THURSDAY
ACCEPTED LT
LEFT ROADS 0330 18/01 MONDAY
LT
ALL MADE FAST 0630 18/01 MONDAY
LT
COMMENCED LOADING 1030 18/01 MONDAY
LT
COMPLETED LOADING 0530 21/01 THURSDAY
LT
NUMBER OF HATCHES = 5
RAIN TIMINGS 0200- 16/01 SATURDAY
Page 14 of 37
1000
LT
No 1 Hatch Breakdown 1030- 20/01 WEDNESDAY
1100
LT
B/L QUANTITY : 10500 M/TON
Make a Laytime Statement and calculate the amount of demurrage

or despatch.
Solution:
LAYTIME = (10500 /3000) = 03 DAYS 12 HOURS
DATE DAY PERIOD LAYTIME LAYTIME REMARKS
ALLOWED USED
15/01 FRIDAY 1000-2400 = 14 00- 14-00 00- 14-00 Laytime begins at
HRS 1000 Hrs on 15/01
16/01 SATURDAY 0000-2400 = 24 01- 06-00 01- 06-00 RAIN TIMINGS =
HRS (0200 – 1000)= 8
- [RAIN (0200- HOURS
1000)=8 HRS]=
16 HRS
17/01 SUNDAY 0000-2400 = 24 02- 06-00 02- 06-00 Sunday & Holiday
HRS Included (SHINC)
18/01 MONDAY 0000-2400 = 24 03- 03-00 03- 03-00 SHIFTING FROM
HRS ANCHORAGE TO
ND
-[SHIFTING 2 BERH : (0330
FROM LT-0630 LT) = 3
ANCHORAGE HOURS [NOT TO BE
ND
TO 2 INCLUDED IN
BERTH(0330- LAYTIME]
0630)=3
HOURS]=21 HRS
19/01 TUESDAY 0000-0900 = 9 03- 12-00 03- 12-00
HRS
LAYTIME ENDS DEMURRAGE
19/01 TUESDAY 0900-2400 = 15 -- 04- 03-00 00 – 15 – 00
HRS
20/01 WEDNESDAY 0000-2400 = 24 -- 05- 02-54 01 – 14 – 54
HRS
-[No 1 Winch **(No 1 Winch
Breakdown = Breakdown =(1030-
30/5 = 06 1100) = 30 Min/5
MINUTES]= Hatches = 06
23HR 54 MIN MINUTES)
21/01 THURSDAY 0000-0530 = -- 05- 08-24 01 – 20 – 24
5 HRS 30 MIN

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** Since only 1 Hatch Breakdown hence time to be used on pro-rata

basis i.e. total time of breakdown / Number of hatches = 30
minute(Total Breakdown) / 5 (Number of hatches) = 06 Minute.
Hence here total demurrage = 01 Day 20 Hours 24 Minutes
Since Demurrage to be paid at the rate of Rs 46000/- per day
Therefore total demurrage payable =(01D 20H 24M) x 46000/-
= Rs 85100/- (Ans)
Q.3) Cargo to be loaded @ the rate of 3000 MT/ Day 24 Consecutive
(WWD) hour, SHEXUU, if used ½ time actually used to count. At the
load port Laytime to commence after 24 running hours after NOR is
tendered & accepted, during official working hours, WIBON.
At the Load Port time shall not count between NOON on Saturday
to 0800 Hours on Monday, nor between 1700 Hours on Last
Working Day, preceding a Legal Holiday to 0800 Hours on the First
Working Day. Thereafter unless used. “If used, half Actual time” to
count.
Cost of shifting at the load port to the second berth, including Fuel
to be on Owner‟s Account.
Time used for shifting not to count as Lay time. If the vessel is
detained longer than the time allowed for loading, Demurrage is
payable at the rate of Rs. 46000/- per day or pro-rata. Despatch
money @1/2 the rate of Demurrage, for ALL LAYTIME SAVED.
Vessel anchored in Roads at 0430 hours on Thursday, 14th January.
Free Pratique granted at 0500 hours on the same day.
Statement of Facts
ACCEPTED LT
VESSEL LEFT ANCHORAGE 0330 16/01 SATURDAY
LT
ALL MADE FAST 0630 16/01 SATURDAY
LT
COMMENCED LOADING 0800 16/01 SATURDAY
LT
COMPLETED LOADING 1200 18/01 MONDAY
Page 16 of 37
LT
NUMBER OF HATCHES = 5
B/L QUANTITY : 10500 M/TON BULK WHEAT
19TH January was a Public Holiday.

Vessel worked during Excepted Period as follows:
Saturday : (0800 LT- 1500 LT), (1800 LT-2100LT), (2130 LT-2400 LT)
Sunday : (0000 LT- 1030 LT), (1400 LT-1800LT),(2000 LT-2400 LT)
Monday : (0000 LT- 0600 LT), (0700 LT-1200LT)
Make a Lay time Statement and calculate the amount of demurrage
or despatch.
Solution:
LAYDAYS = (10500 /3000) = 03 DAYS 12 HOURS
ALLOWED USED
15/01 FRIDAY 1000-2400 = 14 00- 14-00 00- 14-00
HRS
16/01 SATURDAY 0000-1200 = 12 00- 23-00 00- 23-00 SHIFTING FROM
HRS ANCHORAGE TO
ND
-[SHIFTING 2 BERH : (0330
FROM LT-0630 LT) = 3
ANCHORAGE HOURS [NOT TO BE
ND
TO 2 INCLUDED IN
BERTH(0330- LAYTIME]
0630)=3 HOURS
9 HRS
16/01 SATURDAY 1200-1500 = 03 HRS 01- 03-15 01- 03-15 DURING EXCEPTED
1800-2100 = 03 HRS PERIOD ON SATURDAY,
2130-2400 = 2.5 HRS TIME IS USED SO ½
TOTAL = 8.5 HRS ACTUAL TIME WORKED
TIME TO COUNT= TO BE COUNTED,I.E.
(8.5 HRS/ 2= 4HRS 15 MIN
4H 15MIN )
17/01 SUNDAY 0000-1030 =10.5 HRS 01- 12-30 01- 12-30 DURING EXCEPTED
1400-1800 =04 HRS PERIOD ON SUNDAY,
2000-2400 =04 HRS TIME IS USED SO ½
TOTAL =18.5 HRS ACTUAL TIME WORKED
TIME TO COUNT= TO BE COUNTED, I.E.
(18.5 HRS/ 2= 9 HRS 15 MIN
9H 15MIN )
18/01 MONDAY 0000-0600 =06 HRS 01- 16-00 01- 16-00 DURING EXCEPTED
0700-0800 =01 HR PERIOD ON SUNDAY,
--------------------------- TIME IS USED SO ½
TOTAL =07 HRS ACTUAL TIME WORKED
TIME TO COUNT= TO BE COUNTED, I.E.

Page 17 of 37
(07 HRS/ 2= 3 HRS 30 MIN

3H 30MIN )
18/01 MONDAY 0800-1200 = 4 01- 20-00 01- 20-00
HRS
CARGO WORK COMPLETED DESPATCH
18/01 MONDAY 1200-1700 = 5 02- 01-00 ------ 00 – 05 – 00
HRS
18/01 MONDAY 1700-2400 = 7 ----------- ------ 00 – 12 – 00
HRS*** ***TIME NOT TO
COUNT AFTER 1700
HOURS AS LAST
WORKING DAY (18TH
January) PREECIDING
PUBLIC HOLIDAY (19TH
January)
19/01 TUESDAY 0000-2400 = 24 ------------- ------- 01 – 12 – 00

COUNT FOR PUBLIC
HOLIDAY (19TH January)
20/01 WEDNESDAY 0000-0800 = 8 ------------- -------- 01 – 20 – 00
COUNT UP TO 0800
HOURS ON FIRST
WORKING DAY (20TH
January) FOLLOWING
PUBLIC HOLIDAY (19TH
January)
20/01 WEDNESDAY 0800-2400 = 16 02-17-00 --------- 02 – 12 – 00

HRS***
21/01 THURSDAY 0000-1900 = 03-12-00 --------- 03 – 07 – 00

19 HRS
Hence here total despatch = 03 Day 07 Hours 00 Minutes

Since Despatch to be paid at the rate of (Rs46000/2=Rs23000/-) per
day
Therefore total despatch payable =(03D 07H ) x 23000/-
= Rs75708.33/- (Ans)
Hence vessel was released at 1900 hours on 21st January.
Q.4)A charter party provides for a bulk carrier to discharge 82,000t

of iron ore at the discharge rate of 16000t per Weather Working Day
of 24 hours whether in berth or not (WIBON), SHEX.
NOR may be tendered on vessel‟s arrival but accepted within office
working hours between 0900 hrs to 1800hrs Monday through Friday
and 0900 hrs to 1400 hrs on Saturday. Lay days to commence 6
Page 18 of 37
hours after N.O.R. is served. Time not to count between Noon on

Saturday and 06:00 on Monday. Demurrage at $20,000 per day and
pro rata and despatch at half the demurrage rate per day and pro
rata.
The vessel arrived and anchored on Friday, 17th November at 0800
hours. Vessel left anchorage at 0200 hrs and all made fast at 0400
hrs on 18th November. Vessel commenced discharging on
Saturday, 18th November at 1200 hours. NOR tendered and
accepted at commencement of permissible time as per Charter
Party. Discharging completed 30th November 1600 hours.
Shift timing at discharge port is 0400 hours to 2000 hours Monday
thru Friday and 0400 hours to 1200 hours on Saturday.
There was stoppage due to rain between 0600 – 1000 on 20th
November, 10 AM to 2 PM on 22nd and 24th November.
28th November was a public holiday.
Prepare a lay time statement and calculate the amount due to the
ship-owner or Charterer. (MARCH‟2018)
Statement of Facts
NOR TENDERED / SERVED 0800 17/11 FRIDAY
(Vessel Arrived and anchored)LT
VESSEL LEFT ANCHORAGE 0200 18/11 SATURDAY
LT
ALL MADE FAST 0400 18/11 SATURDAY
LT
COMMENCED DISCHARGING 1200 18/11 SATURDAY
LT
COMPLETED DISCHARGING 1600 30/11 THURSDAY
LT
CARGO QUANTITY : 82000 M/TON IRON ORE
28 TH November was a Public Holiday.

Shift timing at discharge port as follows:
Monday through Friday : (0400 LT- 2000 LT),
Saturday : (0400 LT- 1200 LT)
Stoppage due to rain:
Page 19 of 37
20th November: (0600 LT- 1000 LT)

22nd November: (1000 LT-1400 LT)
24th November: (1000 LT-1400 LT)
Solution:
LAYTIME = (82000 /16000) = 05 DAYS 03 HOURS
ALLOWED USED
17/11 FRIDAY 1400-2400 = 10 00- 10-00 00- 10-00
HRS
18/11 SATURDAY 0000-1200 = 12 00- 22-00 00- 22-00 SHIFTING FROM
HRS ANCHORAGE TO
BERH : (0200 LT-
0400 LT) = 2 HOURS
[TO BE INCLUDED
IN LAYTIME]
18/11 SATURDAY 1200-2400 = 12 ------ -------- Time not to count
HRS between 1200 Hrs
on Saturday to 0600
Hrs on Monday.
19/11 SUNDAY 0000-2400 = 24 --------- -------- SUNDAY &
HRS HOLIDAY
EXCEPTED (SHEX)
20/11 MONDAY 0000-0600 = 6 --------- -------- Time not to count
HRS between 1200 Hrs
on Saturday to 0600
Hrs on Monday
20/11 MONDAY 0600-2400 = 18 01- 12-00 01- 12-00 RAIN TIMINGS =
HRS (0600 – 1000)=4
1000)=4 HRS]=
14 HRS
21/11 TUESDAY 0000-2400 = 24 02- 12-00 02- 12-00
HRS
22/11 WEDNESDAY 0000-2400 = 03- 08-00 03- 08-00 RAIN TIMINGS =

24HRS (1000 – 1400)=4
1400)=4 HRS]=
20 HRS
23/11 THURSDAY 0000-2400 = 04- 08-00 04- 08-00
24HRS

Page 20 of 37
24/11 FRIDAY 0000-2300 = 05- 03-00 05- 03-00 RAIN TIMINGS =

23HRS- [RAIN (1000 – 1400)=4
(1000-1400)=4 HOURS
HRS]= 19 HRS

24/11 FRIDAY 2300-2400 = 1 --------- 05- 04-00 00 – 01 – 00
Hour
25/11 SATURDAY 0000-2400 = 24 ----------- 06- 04-00 01 – 01 – 00
HRS *** ***Once on
DEMURRAGE, always on
DEMURRAGE, hence any
exclusion time including
SHEX will be counted as
DEMURRAGE..
26/11 SUNDAY 0000-2400 = 24 ------------- 07- 04-00 02 –01– 00
HRS*** ***Once on
DEMURRAGE..
27/11 MONDAY 0000-2400 = 24 ------------- 08- 04-00 03 – 01 – 00
HRS*** ******Once on
DEMURRAGE..
28/11 TUESDAY 0000-2400 = 24 ------------- 09- 04-00 04 – 01 – 00
DEMURRAGE, hence
THOUGH 28TH
NOVEMBER WAS
APUBLIC HOLIDAY, still
it will be counted as
DEMURRAGE..
29/11 WEDNESDAY 0000-2400 = 24 ------------- 10- 04-00 05 – 01 – 00
DEMURRAGE..
30/11 THURSDAY 0000-1600 = 16 ------------- 10- 20-00 05 – 17 – 00
DEMURRAGE..
Hence here total demurrage = 05 Day 17 Hours 00 Minutes

Since Demurrage to be paid at the rate of $20000/- per day
Therefore total demurrage payable =(05D 17H) x 20000 $-
= $ 1,14,166.67 (Ans)
Page 21 of 37
Q.5) A Charter Party provides for a Bulk Carrier to load 72,000 MT

of iron ore at the Port of Paradip (East Coast of India).The loading
rate of 24,000 MT per day at the load port and discharging rate of
12,000 MT per day at the discharge port has been fixed. The entire
shipment of cargo is to be discharged at Shanghai (port of China).
Notice of Readiness (N.O.R.) is to be tendered on vessel‟s arrival
but accepted within office working hours between 0900 hours to
1800 hrs from Monday to Friday and between 0900 hrs to 1400 hrs
on Saturday. Lay time to commence 6 hours after tendering of
N.O.R. Time not to count between 1200 hrs (noon) on Saturday and
0600 hrs on Monday.
The vessel arrived at the Paradip port on Saturday 4th September at
0600 hrs and N.O.R. tendered on arrival. Loading commenced at
1200 hrs on 4th September and completed at 0600 hrs on 6th
September.
The vessel arrived at the discharged port i.e Shanghai and
commenced discharging on 19th September at 1800 hrs. N.O.R.
tendered & accepted at commencement of permissible time as per
the terms & conditions of Charter Party. Discharging completed on
30th September at 1500 hrs. Demurrage at $22000 per day or pro
rata for part of a day and dispatch at the half the demurrage rate
per day or pro rata for part of a day is to be computed.
You are required to prepare a laytime statement and calculate the
amount due in the shipowner or charterer if the laytime allowed is
on the „Normal Basis‟
(JANUARY‟2017) (NOVEMBER‟2015)
Q.6) A Charter party provides for a vessel to load 12000MT +/- 5%

MOLOO at the rate of 1500 MT per WWD of 24 consecutive hours
SHEX. Lay days are to commence 24 hours after NOR is served.
Time not to count between 1:00 PM on Saturday &7:00 AM on
Monday. Demurrage if incurred is to be paid at $3200 per day & pro-
rata and 6 running days are to be allowed for demurrage.
Dead freight if any is to be paid at the rate of $32.50 per tonne.
Page 22 of 37
N.O.R. & Master‟s declaration of cargo capacity of 12,250 MT were

served & accepted at 10:30 AM on Tuesday, 5th May.
Loading commenced on 7th May & continued till 19th May, excepting for
Bad weather preventing loading from 11:30 AM on 9th May to 9:00
AM on 11th May. Thereafter no more cargo was forthcoming.
Total cargo loaded: 11960 MT.
Prepare a Lay time statement & calculate the amount due to the
vessel by way of demurrage and dead freight and state when the
vessel is free to sail with the incomplete cargo?
Solution:
Note: Since in this question no B/L quantity is mentioned, hence to
calculate the Lay days, we have to calculate Master’s declared
cargo quantity i.e. 12250 MT, divided by the loading rate, i.e. 1500
MT per WWD of 24 consecutive hours.
Hence Laytime = (12250/ 1500) = 08 Days 04 Hours

ALLOWED USED
06/05 WEDNESDAY 1030-2400 = 13 00- 13-30 00- 13-30
HRS 30 MIN
07/05 THURSDAY 0000-2400 = 01- 13-30 01- 13-30
24 HRS
08/05 FRIDAY 0000-2400 = 02- 13-30 02- 13-30
24 HRS
09/05 SATURDAY 0000-1300 = 13 03- 01-00 03- 01-00 BAD WEATHER
HRS PREVENTED
- [BAD LOADING TIMINGS=
WEATHER (1130-1300)=1 HRS
(1130-1300)=1 30 MIN]
HRS 30 MIN]=
11 HRS 30 MIN
09/05 SATURDAY 1300-2400 = --------- -------- Time not to count
11 HRS between 1300 Hrs
on Saturday to 0700
Hrs on Monday
10/05 SUNDAY 0000-2400 = 24 --------- -------- SUNDAY IS
HRS*** EXCLUDED FROM
LAYTIME
HRS*** between 1300 Hrs
on Saturday to 0700
Hrs on Monday
11/05 MONDAY 0700-0900 = 2 --------- -------- BAD WEATHER
HRS PREVENTED

Page 23 of 37
WEATHER (0700-0900)=2 HRS]

(0700-0900)=
2 HRS]
11/05 MONDAY 0900-2400 = 03- 16-00 03-16-00
15HRS
12/05 TUESDAY 0000-2400 = 04- 16-00 04-16-00

24 HRS
13/05 WEDNESDAY 0000-2400 = 05- 16-00 05-16-00
24 HRS
14/05 THURSDAY 0000-2400 = 06- 16-00 06-16-00
24 HRS
15/05 FRIDAY 0000-2400 = 07- 16-00 07-16-00
24 HRS
16/05 SATURDAY 0000-1200 = 08- 04-00 08-04-00
12 HRS
Alternative method of calculation:
ALLOWED USED
06/05 WEDNESDAY 1030-2400 = 00- 13-30 00- 13-30
13 HRS 30 MIN
07/05 THURSDAY 0000-2400 = 01- 13-30 01- 13-30
24 HRS
08/05 FRIDAY 0000-2400 = 02- 13-30 02- 13-30
24 HRS
09/05 SATURDAY 0000-1300 = 13 03- 01-00 03- 01-00 BAD WEATHER
HRS PREVENTED
WEATHER (1130-1300)=1 HRS
(1130-1300)=1 30 MIN]
HRS 30 MIN]=
11 HRS 30 MIN
11 HRS between 1300 Hrs
on Saturday to 0700
Hrs on Monday
10/05 SUNDAY 0000-2400 = 24 --------- -------- SUNDAY IS
LAYRTIME
on Saturday to 0700
Hrs on Monday
11/05 MONDAY 0700-0900 = 2 --------- -------- BAD WEATHER
HRS PREVENTED
WEATHER (0700-0900)=2 HRS]
(0700-0900)=
2 HRS]
11/05 MONDAY 0900-2400 = 03- 16-00 03-16-00
15HRS
12/05 TUESDAY 0000-2400 = 04- 16-00 04-16-00

24 HRS
13/05 WEDNESDAY 0000-2400 = 05- 16-00 05-16-00
24 HRS

Page 24 of 37
14/05 THURSDAY 0000-2400 = 06- 16-00 06-16-00

24 HRS
15/05 FRIDAY 0000-2400 = 07- 16-00 07-16-00
24 HRS
16/05 SATURDAY 0000-1200 = 08- 04-00 08-04-00
12 HRS
16/05 SATURDAY 1200-1300 =1 HR ------------- 08-05-00 00-01-00
16/05 SATURDAY 1300-2400 =11 ------------- ------------ 00-12-00
HRS
17/05 SUNDAY 0000-2400 =24 ------------- ------------ 01-12-00
HRS
18/05 MONDAY 0000-0700 =7 ------------- ------------ 01-19-00
HRS
18/05 MONDAY 0700-2400 =17 ------------- ------------ 02-12-00
HRS
19/05 TUESDAY 0000-2400 =24 ------------- ------------ 03-12-00
HRS
20/05 WEDNESDAY 0000-2400 =24 ------------- ------------ 04-12-00
HRS
21/05 THURSDAY 0000-2400 =24 ------------- ------------ 05-12-00
HRS
22/05 FRIDAY 0000-1200 =12 ------------- ------------ 06-00-00
HRS
ALLOWED DEMURRAGE ENDS
Hence Lay time ends on 16th May 1200 Hours.

As Charter party agrees to pay definite demurrage for 6days
Hence Vessel is free to sail on (16th May + 6 Days)=i.e.22nd May at
1200 Hours.
Since Master‟s declaration of cargo quantity to load = 12250 MT
But actually total cargo loaded on ship = 11960 MT
Hence short loading of cargo = 290 MT
Since Dead freight is payable @ 32.50 per tonne
Dead freight payable for 290t of short cargo = 290 x $32.5 = $9425
Demurrage payable @ $3200 per day
Demurrage payable for 6 days demurrage =3200 $ x 6d = $19200
Amount due to the vessel by way of dead freight =9425 $
Amount due to the vessel by way of demurrage = 19200 $
Hence total amount due to the vessel = 28625 $

Page 25 of 37
Q.13) A Charter party provides 17000 MT of grain as cargo in bags (5%

MOLOO), Rate of Loading 2700 MT/WWD. Laytime to start counting
24 hours after NOR is tendered or earlier if used.
Time from 1400 Hours on Saturday to 0700 Hours on Monday, not

to count, Even If Used (EIU).
All Port Holidays from 0001 hours to 2400 hours is excluded from
laytime, unless used.
Demurrage is fixed at the rate of Rs. 12,000/- per day or pro-rata,

despatch money to be paid for All Time Saved at the rate of 75%
Demurrage money.
Vessel arrived Load Port on Thursday, 3rd March at 1600 hours &
NOR was tendered at the same time.
Loading commenced at 0830 hours on 4th March and ceased at

1400 hours on the same day.
Loading resumed at 1400 hours on Monday, 7th March and
continued till completed and sailed at 2200 hours on Saturday, 12th
March., except for 4 hours (From 1400-1800 ) on 10th March,
Thursday due to rain.
Wednesday, 9th March was a Public Holiday .
B/L Figure: 17145 tons.
Calculate demurrage/ despatch payable?

Page 26 of 37
(ANS: Demurrage 00 Days 08 Hours 06 Minutes; Demurrage money

payable by the Charterers; Rs 4050/-)
(NOV‟2006, MARCH‟2002)(SEIET (SOLVED)-Qn 5)
Solution:
Since B/L Figure = 17145 MT & Rate of Loading =2700 MT/WWD
Hence Lay time = (17145 / 2700) = 06 Days 08 Hrs 24 Min.
ALLOWED USED
04/03 FRIDAY 0830-1400 = 00- 05-30 00- 05-30 **LOADING
05 HRS 30 MIN COMMENCED @0830
LT & LOADING
CEASED @1400 LT
04/03 FRIDAY 1400-2400 = 00- 15-30 00- 15-30
10 HRS 00 MIN
05/03 SATURDAY 0000-1400 = 01- 05-30 01- 05-30
14 HRS 00 MIN
10 HRS 00 MIN between 1400 Hrs
on Saturday to 0700
Hrs on Monday
06/03 SUNDAY 0000-2400 = 24 --------- -------- SUNDAY IS
LAYTIME
on Saturday to 0700
Hrs on Monday
07/03 MONDAY 0700-1400 = 7 01- 12-30 01- 12-30 Resumed Loading
HRS @1400 Hrs
07/03 MONDAY 1400-2400 = 10 01- 22-30 01- 22-30

HRS
08/03 TUESDAY 0000-2400 = 02- 22-30 02- 22-30

24 HRS
09/03 WEDNESDAY 0000-2400 = 03- 22-30 03- 22-30 ***
24 HRS
10/03 THURSDAY 0000-2400 = 04- 18-30 04- 18-30 RAIN STOPPAGE
24 HRS - [RAIN TIMINGS = (1400 –
(1400-1800)=4 1800)=4 HOURS
HRS]= 20 HRS
11/03 FRIDAY 0000-2400 = 05- 18-30 05- 18-30
24 HRS

Page 27 of 37
12/03 SATURDAY 0000-1354 = 06- 08-24 06- 08-24

13 HRS 54 MIN
12/03 SATURDAY 1354-2200 = 06- 16-30 00-08-06
08 HRS 06 MIN
** Note 1: Here although “Lay Time starts to count 24 hours after

N.O.R. was tendered but earlier if used.” In this although NOR was
tendered on 3rd March @1600 Hours, yet loading commenced on 4th
March @0830 hours. Hence Lay Time to count from 4th March
@0830 Hours only & not from 4th March @ 1600 Hrs.
*** NOTE 2: Although 9th March was a Public Holiday, However, as

per C/P terms, all Port Holidays from 0000 hrs -2400 hours is
excluded from Lay time, UNLESS USED. But, as per above
calculation, & work continued on 9th March. Hence on 9th March,
time shall count, from 0000 -2400 hrs, i.e. 24 hrs in lay time
calculation.
Since here demurrage = 00 Days 08 Hours 06 Minutes
Since demurrage is fixed @ Rs. 12000/- per day
Hence demurrage payable to Charterers = (00 d 08 h 06 m) x
(12000/24) = 0.3375 days x 12000/- = Rs 4050/- (Answer)
Q) A vessel is chartered to load 8500 tonnes of iron ore at the rate

of 4800 tonnes per weather working day of 24 hours SHEX. Time
not to count between 1 PM on Saturday and 7 AM on Monday, nor
between 1 PM on the last working day, preceding a Holiday and 7
AM on the first working day thereafter.
Time for loading shall commence to count 24 hours after NOR is
given to the Charterers.
Demurrage to be paid @ Rs. 12000/- per day and pro rata for part of
a day. Despatch @ Rs. 7200/- per day and pro rata for part of a day
on All Time Saved.
Statement of Facts
VESSEL ARRIVED BERTH 1415 24/05 WEDNESDAY
LT
Page 28 of 37
NOR GIVEN 1630 24/05 WEDNESDAY

LT
COMMENCED LOADING 1700 24/05 WEDNESDAY
LT
COMPLETED LOADING 2200 29/05 MONDAY
LT
PUBLIC HOLIDAY 30/05 TUESDAY
WEATHER STOPPED WORK 1000 26/05 FRIDAY
LT –
1900
LT
Calculate the amount of demurrage or despatch due.

Solution:
LAYTIME = 8500 / 4800 = 01 d 18 hrs 30 min
ALLOWED USED
25/05 THURSDAY 1630-2400 = 00- 07-30 00- 07-30
07 HRS 30 MIN
26/05 FRIDAY 0000-2400 = 00- 22-30 00- 22-30 BAD WEATHER
24 HRS 00 MIN- PREVENTED
[BAD WEATHER LOADING TIMINGS=
(1000-1900)= (1000-1900)=9 HRS]
9 HRS]=15 HRS
27/05 SATURDAY 0000-1300 = 01- 11-30 01- 11-30
13 HRS 00 MIN
11 HRS 00 MIN between 1300 Hrs
on Saturday to 0700
Hrs on Monday
28/05 SUNDAY 0000-2400 = 24 --------- -------- SUNDAY IS
LAYTIME
on Saturday to 0700
Hrs on Monday
29/05 MONDAY 0700-1300 = 6 01- 17-30 01- 17-30 Resumed Loading
HRS @1400 Hrs
29/05 MONDAY 1300-2200 = ---------- -------- Time not to count

9HRS from 1300 Hrs
before a Public
Holiday.
LOADING COMPLETED DESPATCH
29/05 MONDAY 2200-2400 = 2 ----------- ----------- 00- 02-00
HRS

Page 29 of 37
30/05 TUESDAY 0000-2400 = PUBLIC 01-02-00

24 HRS
HOLIDAY
31/05 WEDNESDAY 0000-0700 = ------------ -------- 01-09-00
7 HRS
31/05 WEDNESDAY 0700-0800 = 01- 18-30 01- 18-30 01-10-00
1 HR
LAYTIME ENDS
Here despatch = 01 Days 10 Hours 00 Minutes

Since despatch is payable @ Rs. 7200/- per day
Hence despatch payable to Charterers = 1d 10h x7200/ = Rs 10200/-
(Answer)
Q.8) A Charter Party requires a Bulk Carrier to discharge into lighters at

anchorage using her own self un-loader. Bill of Lading quantity is
76,875 tonnes of Australian Coal at the rate of 15,000 tonnes per
working day, Saturday, Sunday and Holiday exempted. The vessel
has to discharge at maximum two anchorages in India.
Laytime to commence 12 hours after NOR is received. Time from
1400 hrs on Friday or on a day preceding the holiday till 0900 hrs
on Monday or on a day following the holiday is not to count as
Laytime.
The vessel arrived at Rozi Anchorage on Thursday 25th of January.
NOR was tendered and accepted at 0945 hrs on same day. Lighters
arrived at 1430 hrs on 25th of January, but discharge commenced at
2000 hrs on 26thJanuary. The discharge at Rozi anchorage was
completed at 2330 hrs on 31st January, Wednesday.
The vessel arrived Tuticorin the second discharge port on
6thFebruary. NOR was tendered and accepted at 2200 hrs on the
same day. Lighters arrived at 0630 hrs the next day, i.e. on 7th
February and discharge could commence 8thFebruary at 2330 hrs.
The Lay time Statement prepared by the Master at the end of the
discharge basis “Reversible days” showed exact utilization of the
entire laytime with “no demurrage and no despatch”.

Page 30 of 37
Replicate the Master‟s laytime statement and from it find out “when
and at what time “the vessel completed her discharge if 26th and
30thJanuary & 7th& 8th February were public holidays both at Rozi &
at Tuticorin anchorage as well.
Statement of Facts at ROZI Anchorage (1st Discharge Port)

VESSEL ARRIVED ROZI 25/01 THURSDAY
ANCHORAGE
ACCEPTED LT
LIGHTERS ARRIVED 1430 25/01 THURSDAY
LT
COMMENCED DISCHARGING 2000 26/01 FRIDAY
LT
COMPLETED DISCHARGING 2330 31/01 WEDNESDAY
LT
Statement of Facts at TUTICORIN Anchorage (2ND Discharge Port)

VESSEL ARRIVED TUTICORIN 06/02 TUESDAY
ANCHORAGE
NOR TENDERED & 2200 06/02 TUESDAY
ACCEPTED LT
LIGHTERS ARRIVED 0630 07/02 WEDNESDAY
LT
COMMENCED DISCHARGING 2330 08/02 THURSDAY
LT

Page 31 of 37
LAYTIME = 76875 / 15000 = 05 d 03 hrs

This problem is being solved by POOLING Method of Reversible
Laydays.
ALLOWED USED
25/01 THURSDAY 2145-2400 = ------------- Time not to count
--------- from 1400 Hours on
02 HRS 15 MIN th
25 January,
preceding the Public
th
Holiday, which is 26
January.
26/01 FRIDAY 0000-2400 = ------------- --------- 26 th January was a
24 HRS 00 MIN- PUBLIC HOLIDAY.
27/01 SATURDAY 0000-2400 = ------------- --------- Saturday was
24 HRS 00 MIN exempted
28/01 SUNDAY 0000-2400 = ------------- --------- SUNDAY was
on Friday to 0900
Hrs on Monday
29/01 MONDAY 0900-1400 = 5 00-05-00 00-05-00 Time not to count
HRS from 1400 Hours on
th
29 January,
th
January.
29/01 MONDAY 1400-2400 = 10 ------------ Time not to count
--------- from 1400 Hours on
HRS th
29 January,
th
January.
30/01 TUESDAY 0000-2400 = ------------- --------- 30 th January was a
24 HRS 00 MIN- PUBLIC HOLIDAY
31/01 WEDNESDAY 0000-0900 = 9 ------------ ------------- Time not to count till
HRS 0900 Hours on 31st
January, following the
Public Holiday, which
th
is 30 January
31/01 WEDNESDAY 0900-2330 = 14 00-19-30 00-19-30 DISCHARGING
HRS 30 MIN COMPLEED AT
ROZI ANCHORAGE
07/02 WEDNESDAY 1000-2400 = ---------- -------- 7 th February was a
14 HRS PUBLIC HOLIDAY
08/02 THURSDAY 0000-2400 = ---------- -------- 8 th February was a
24HRS PUBLIC HOLIDAY
09/02 FRIDAY 0000-0900 = ---------- -------- Time not to count till
th
9HRS 0900 Hours on 9
February, following
the Public Holiday,
th
which is 8 February.
09/02 FRIDAY 0900-1400 = 01-00-30 01-00-30
5HRS
09/02 FRIDAY 1400-2400 = ---------- -------- Time not to count
14HRS from 1400 Hours on
FRIDAY
10/02 SATURDAY 0000-2400 = ------------- --------- Saturday was

Page 32 of 37

11/02 SUNDAY 0000-2400 = ------------- --------- SUNDAY was
12/02 MONDAY 0000-0900 = 9 --------- -------- Time not to count to
HRS*** 0900 Hrs on
Monday
12/02 MONDAY 0900-2400 = 15 01-15-30 01-15-30
HRS
13/02 TUESDAY 0000-2400 = 24 02-15-30 02-15-30

HRS
14/02 WEDNESDAY 0000-2400 = 24 03-15-30 03-15-30
HRS
15/02 THURSDAY 0000-2400 = 24 04-15-30 04-15-30
HRS
16/02 FRIDAY 0000-1130 05-03-00 05-03-00
Ship is free to sail on 16th February at 1130 Hrs (Ans)

Q.8) A Charter Party requires a Bulk Carrier to discharge into lighters at
anchorage using her own self un-loader. Bill of Lading quantity is 80,000
tonnes of South African Coal at the rate of 10,000 tonnes per working
day, Saturday, Sunday and Holiday exempted. The vessel has to
discharge at maximum two anchorages in India.
Laytime to commence 12 hours after NOR is received. Time from 1400
hrs on Friday or on a day preceding the holiday is not to count as
Laytime.
The vessel arrived at Sikka Anchorage on Thursday 10th of September.
NOR was tendered and accepted at 0900 hrs on same day. Lighters
arrived at 1300 hrs on 10th September, but discharge commenced at
0900 hrs on 11th September. The discharge at Sikka was completed at
2230 hrs on 18th September, Friday.
The vessel arrived Tuticorin the second discharge port on 24th
September. NOR was tendered and accepted at 2000 hrs on the same
day. Lighters arrived at 0800 hrs the next day and discharge could
commence 26th September at 2200 hrs.
The Laytime Statement prepared by the Master at the end of the
discharge basis “Reversible days” showed exact utilization of the entire
laytime with “no demurrage and no despatch”.
Replicate the Master‟s laytime statement and from it find out “when and
at what time “the vessel completed her discharge if 12th and 27th
September were public holidays both at Sikka & at Tuticorin.
Page 33 of 37
(MAY‟2015)
(Ans: 01st OCT Thursday 0500 Hrs)
Working Example 16(HOPKINS)

The C/P terms include the following: Loading rate 500 MT per Day
(SHEX) & Discharging rate 1500 MT per day (SHEX). Laydays to
commence at Loading and at discharging Port at 0800 Hours (8 A.M.)
after the ship has reported Ready (NOR is tendered) and FreePratique
Granted WIBON (Whether in Berth or Not).
Vessel to be reported during customary office hours.
If the Shippers arrange to load , or consignees to discharge, on Sundays
or on Holidays or before Lay days begin, the Master is to allow work to
be done and half of such time is to count, except that time between
Noon on Saturday and 8 A.M. (0800 hrs) on Monday or the day following
a holiday is not to count whether used or not.
Demurrage if incurred, is to be paid at $ 1200 per day and pro rata and
despatch money at half the demurrage rate for all time saved (ATS) at
both the ends.
S.O.F. at Load Port

VESSEL ARRIVED AT LOAD 28/08 FRIDAY
PORT
NOR ACCEPTED AT LOAD 1030 28/08 FRIDAY
PORT LT
COMMENCED LOADNG 1330 28/08 FRIDAY
LT
CONTINUED LOADING 1330 28/08 FRIDAY
LT-
1930
LT
COMPLETED LOADING 1915 22/09 TUESDAY
LT

Page 34 of 37
S.O.F. at Discharge Port

VESSEL ARRIVED AT 05/11 THURSDAY
DISCHARGE PORT
NOR ACCEPTED AT 1520 05/11 THURSDAY
DISCHARGE PORT LT
COMMENCED DISCHARGNG 1600 05/11 THURSDAY
LT
COMPLETED DISCHARGING 1400 07/11 SATURDAY
LT
There were no holidays or non-working days other than periods between

Noon on Saturday and 8 AM on Monday.
The weight of the cargo loaded was 7650 MT.
If the Charterers have the option to average the days allowed for loading
and discharging, draw up a laytime statement and calculate the amount
due to the Ship Owners or Charterers by following methods:
(i) By Reversible Method
(ii) By Pooling Method
(iii) By Average Method
Solution:
Method 1 (Reversible Method)
Time sheet drawn up on the principle that time on demurrage at the
loading port should be deducted from the lay days allowed for
discharging, and that the Charterers will be liable for demurrage in
respect of discharging time used in excess of the net lay days
remaining.
Number of Laydays allowed for Loading = (7650 MT/ 500) = 15 d 07 h 12 min
Number of Laydays allowed for Discharging= (7650 MT/1500)=05 d 02 h 24 min

Page 35 of 37
Laytime calculation at the Loading Port:

ALLOWED USED
28/08 FRIDAY 1330-1930=6HRS 00- 03-00 00- 03-00 Since NOR accepted at
1030 Hrs on Friday, 28th
Time to count August and Loading
6 HRS /2= 3 HRS commenced at 1330 Hrs
& continued till 1930 Hrs
(for 6 Hours) hence ½
time i.e. 3 hours to be
counted as per the
condition.
29/08 SATURDAY 0800-1200 = 00- 07-00 00- 07-00 Since Actual Laytime
begins to count from
4HRS 0800 Hours after NOR is
tendered. However since
on Saturday Laytime to
be counted only till 1200
Hours, hence only 4
Hours to be counted.
29/08 SATURDAY 1200-2400 = --------- --------
12 HRS
30/08 SUNDAY 0000-2400 = 24 --------- --------
HRS
31/08 MONDAY 0000-0800 = 8 --------- --------

HRS
31/08 MONDAY 0800-2400 = 16 00- 23-00 00-23-00
HRS
01/09 TUESDAY 0000-2400 = 24 01- 23-00 01-23-00
HRS
02/09 WEDNESDAY 0000-2400 = 24 02- 23-00 02-23-00

HRS
03/09 THURSDAY 0000-2400 = 24 03- 23-00 03-23-00

HRS
04/09 FRIDAY 0000-2400 = 04- 23-00 04-23-00

24 HRS
05/09 SATURDAY 0000-1200 = 12 05- 11-00 05-11-00
HRS
05/09 SATURDAY 1200-2400 = --------- --------
12 HRS
06/09 SUNDAY 0000-2400 = 24 --------- --------
HRS
07/09 MONDAY 0000-0800 = 8 --------- --------

HRS
07/09 MONDAY 0800-2400 = 16 06- 03-00 06-03-00
HRS
08/09 TUESDAY 0000-2400 = 24 07- 03-00 07-03-00
HRS
09/09 WEDNESDAY 0000-2400 = 24 08- 03-00 08-03-00

HRS
10/09 THURSDAY 0000-2400 = 24 09- 03-00 09-03-00

HRS
11/09 FRIDAY 0000-2400 = 10- 03-00 10-03-00

Page 36 of 37
24 HRS
12/09 SATURDAY 0000-1200 = 12 10-15-00 10-15-00
HRS
12/09 SATURDAY 1200-2400 = --------- --------
12 HRS
13/09 SUNDAY 0000-2400 = 24 --------- --------
HRS
14/09 MONDAY 0000-0800 = 8 --------- --------

HRS
14/09 MONDAY 0800-2400 = 16 11- 07-00 11- 07-00
HRS
15/09 TUESDAY 0000-2400 = 24 12- 07-00 12- 07-00
HRS
16/09 WEDNESDAY 0000-2400 = 24 13- 07-00 13- 07-00

HRS
17/09 THURSDAY 0000-2400 = 24 14- 07-00 14- 07-00

HRS
18/09 FRIDAY 0000-2400 = 15- 07-00 15- 07-00

24 HRS
19/09 SATURDAY 0000-0012 = 00 15- 07-12 15- 07-12
HRS 12MIN
19/09 SATURDAY 0012-2400 = -------- 00-23-48
---------
12 HRS
20/09 SUNDAY 0000-2400 = 24 --------- -------- 01-23-48
HRS
21/09 MONDAY 0000-0800 = 8 --------- -------- 02-07-48

HRS
21/09 MONDAY 0800-2400 = 16 --------- 15-23-12 02-23-48
HRS
22/09 TUESDAY 0000-1915 = 19 ---------- 16-18-27 03-19-03
HRS 15 MIN
Remarks:
Since Laytime available at discharge Port : 05 d 02 h 24 min
But Demurrage at Load Port : 03 d 19 h 03 min
So Net Laytime available at discharge Port: 01 d 07h 21min

Page 37 of 37

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ASM NOTES ON NUUMERICALS OF LAYTIME CALCULATION

METHOD (1) METHOD (2) METHOD (3)

SELLER SALE CONTRACT BUYER

COGSA (CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY SEA ACT)

NOTES COMPILED BY CAPT, SUBHADIP BANERJEE

COGSA (CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY SEA ACT)

CONTRACT OF AFFREIGHTMENT CONTRACT OF HIRE

LAYDAYS LAYTIME DEMURRAGE OR DESPATCH

SOME IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS OF LAYTIME

LAYDAYS & CANCELLING DATE

NOTES COMPILED BY CAPT, SUBHADIP BANERJEE

- It is the time period allowed to the Charterers, for loading

 DEFINITE LAYTIME :This type of Laytime will be definitely stated

Q. When the Laytime will commence?

NOTES COMPILED BY CAPT, SUBHADIP BANERJEE

preparation of documentation), time will be deemed to run

NOTES COMPILED BY CAPT, SUBHADIP BANERJEE

- To avoid delay to the vessel, in awaiting the Charterer‟s

When the Laytime begins to count

When the Laytime expires to count

 It will be noticed that in the column headed “hours to count”

When the loaded ship is ready to sail

 If cargo operations are completed after expiry of the laytime, there

 DEMURRAGE is defined in the Voyage Charter Party Laytime

NOTES COMPILED BY CAPT, SUBHADIP BANERJEE

 Demurrage will only be payable if provided for in a clause in the

 Damages for detention, if awarded by an Arbitrator or Court, will

NOTES COMPILED BY CAPT, SUBHADIP BANERJEE

Assessment of demurrage, if any, due to the ship

NOTES COMPILED BY CAPT, SUBHADIP BANERJEE

Q) Which days are to be counted as demurrage days?

 If cargo operations are completed before expiry of the laytime, a

 Despatch money or despatch is defined “as an agreed amount

 The purpose of Laytime Calculation is to determine whether on

NOTES COMPILED BY CAPT, SUBHADIP BANERJEE

 5. Allow for Interruptions to Laytime as per the Charter Party.

NOTES COMPILED BY CAPT, SUBHADIP BANERJEE

 Where calculable, the allowed laytime for the operation involved

Q.1) In a C/P agreement, it was agreed,”TIME TO COUNT FROM

NOTES COMPILED BY CAPT, SUBHADIP BANERJEE

B) IN THIS CASE, THE LAYTIME WILL COMMENCE AT 1300

Reason: Since NOR was Tendered at 2300 Hours on SATURDAY,

Q.2) Cargo to be loaded @ the rate of 3000 MT/ Day 24 Consecutive

Make a Laytime Statement and calculate the amount of demurrage

NOTES COMPILED BY CAPT, SUBHADIP BANERJEE

** Since only 1 Hatch Breakdown hence time to be used on pro-rata

B/L QUANTITY : 10500 M/TON BULK WHEAT

19TH January was a Public Holiday.

NOTES COMPILED BY CAPT, SUBHADIP BANERJEE

(07 HRS/ 2= 3 HRS 30 MIN

19/01 TUESDAY 0000-2400 = 24 ------------- ------- 01 – 12 – 00

20/01 WEDNESDAY 0800-2400 = 16 02-17-00 --------- 02 – 12 – 00

21/01 THURSDAY 0000-1900 = 03-12-00 --------- 03 – 07 – 00

Hence here total despatch = 03 Day 07 Hours 00 Minutes

Q.4)A charter party provides for a bulk carrier to discharge 82,000t

hours after N.O.R. is served. Time not to count between Noon on

28 TH November was a Public Holiday.

20th November: (0600 LT- 1000 LT)