Unit3 AVR Microcontroller Introduction

Microprocessors And
Microcontroller
By: Dr. Ujjaval Patel

Semester : 6th Information & Communication Technology,
Subject Code: 3163207 Adani Institute of Infrastructure Engg.
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AVR Microcontroller

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AVR Microcontroller
➢ Difference between MP & MC

➢ Architectures
➢ Criteria for choosing microcontrollers
➢ AVR Family
➢ Block diagram

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AVR Microcontroller

➢ Architectures
➢ AVR Family
➢ Block diagram

2/8/2022
Difference; Microprocessor & Microcntroller
Data BUS
General Serial
IO
Purpose RAM ROM Timer COM
Port Port
Micro
processor Address BUS
Control BUS
General Purpose Microprocessors
CPU RAM ROM
Serial
Port
Timer I/O Microcontrollers
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Difference; Microprocessor & Microcntroller
Difference
Hardware
Applications Instruction set
Architecture
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Hardware Architecture
Microcontroller Microprocessor
◉ On chip circuitry of CPU, limited ◉ Microprocessors do not have
amount of RAM & ROM,I/O such devices on chip. Designer
ports, timers, ADC, built in have to connect them externally
interrupt system etc. for microprocessor based
◉ Small in size, occupy less embedded system.
space, cheap in price. ◉ Bulkier and more expensive.
◉ Microcontrollers usually must ◉ 10 - 50 W for general purpose
have low-power requirements desktop CPUs.
0.5 - 1 W
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Applications
◉ Microcontrollers are found in ◉ Microprocessors are suited to

small, minimum-component processing information in
designs performing control computer systems
oriented activities.
◉ Microprocessors are which
◉ microcontrollers are used to designed to be very general to
perform specialized single perform any number of tasks
tasks. (programs)
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Instruction set
◉ Microcontrollers have ◉ Microprocessor instruction sets
instructions to set and clear are processing intensive implying
individual bits and perform they have powerful addressing
other bit oriented operations. modes with instructions for
operations on large volume of
◉ The instructions must be data.
extremely compact with the ◉ Instructions operate on nibbles,
majority implemented in a words or even double words.
single byte.
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An Embedded system
Uses a microprocessor (or
microcontroller) to do one and only
one task.
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Technology for Embedded System
Embedded systems are controlled by one or more

main processing cores that are typically either
❖ Microcontrollers
❖ Microprocessors
❖ Digital Signal Processors (DSP)
❖ FPGA’s
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A short list of Embedded Systems

Anti-lock brakes
Modems
Auto-focus cameras MPEG decoders
Automatic teller machines Network cards
Automatic toll systems Network switches/routers
Automatic transmission On-board navigation
Avionic systems
Battery chargers
Pagers
Camcorders Photocopiers
Cell phones Point-of-sale systems
Cell-phone base stations Portable video games
Cordless phones Printers
Cruise control
Video game consoles
Satellite phones
Digital cameras Scanners
Disk drives Smart ovens/dishwashers
Electronic card readers Speech recognizers
Electronic instruments Stereo systems
Electronic toys/games
Factory control
Teleconferencing systems
Fax machines Televisions
Fingerprint identifiers Temperature controllers
Home security systems Theft tracking systems
Life-support systems TV set-top boxes
Washers and dryers
VCR’s, DVD players
AVR Microcontroller

➢ Architectures
➢ AVR Family
➢ Block diagram

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Architectures of Computers
CISC RISC
◉ Complex Instruction Set Computer ◉ Reduced Instruction Set Computer
◉ Emphasis on hardware ◉ Emphasis on software
◉ Includes multi- clock complex ◉ Single-clock, reduced instructions
instructions only
◉ Memory to memory: “LOAD” and ◉ Register to register: “LOAD” and
“STORE” incorporated in instructions “STORE are independent instructions
◉ Small code sizes, high cycles per second ◉ Largecodesizes, lesscyclespersecond
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Architectures of Computers
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Most common 8 bit Microcontrollers
◉ INTEL’ s 8051
◉ Free Scale Semiconductor’s (Motorola) 68HC08/68HC11
◉ Atmel’s AVR
◉ Zilog’s Z8
◉ Microchip Technology PIC 16X
◉ Phillips/ Signatics
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Introduction to AVR
www. Micro Digital Ed. com
Chapter 1 BIHE university
The AVR microcontroller

and embedded
systems
using assembly and c
AVR Microcontroller and Embedded System Using Assembly and C © 2011 Pearson Higher Education,
Mazidi, Naimi, and Naimi Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
AVR Microcontroller

➢ Architectures
➢ AVR Family
➢ Block diagram

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Criteria for choosing a

Microcontroller
Must meet the task efficiently and cost effectively.
The analysis may include:
➢ Number of I/O s
➢ Amount of RAM and ROM on chip
➢ Number of Timers
➢ Speed
➢ Packaging
➢ Power consumption
➢ How easy is it to upgrade to higher performance and/or lower power
consumption versions.
➢ Cost per unit
➢ Availability: Software & Hardware with appropriate expertise
AVR family Overview
➢ Classic AVR: AT90S2313, AT90S4433
➢ Mega AVR: ATmega8, ATmega32, ATmega128
➢ Tiny AVR: ATtiny13, ATtiny25
➢ Special Purpose AVR: AT90PWM216,AT90USB1287
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AVR Microcontroller

➢ Architectures
➢ AVR Family
➢ Block diagram

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Classic AVR (AT90Sxxxx)
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mega AVR (ATmegaxxxx)
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Tiny AVR (ATtinyxxxx)
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Special Purpose AVR
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AVR different groups
BIHE university
• Classic AVR
– e.g. AT90S2313, AT90S4433
• Mega
– e.g. ATmega8, ATmega32, ATmega128
• Tiny
– e.g. ATtiny13, ATtiny25
• Special Purpose AVR
– e.g. AT90PWM216,AT90USB1287
Let’s get familiar with the AVR part numbers
BIHE university
ATmega128
Atmel group
Flash =128K
ATtiny44 AT90S4433
Atmel
Tiny Flash =4K Atmel Classi
Flash =4K
group c
group
Comparison of different
microcontrollers: 8 bits
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AVR IC Packages
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AVR On Chip ROM Size & Address Space
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AVR Microcontroller

➢ Architectures
➢ AVR Family
➢ Block diagram

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AVR’s CPU: Block Diagram
RAM EEPROM Timers

General
Purpose
P R O G R AM Registers
ROM
address bus
Program CPU
Bus data bus
control bus
Interrupt Other
OSC Unit Ports P eripherals
I/O
P IN S
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Data RAM space
8 bit
Data Address
R0
Space R1
R2
$0000
$0001 General
...
Purpose
...
Registers R31
$001F I/O Address
TWBR $00
$0020
TWSR $01
Standard I/O
...
...
Registers
SPH $3E
$005F SREG $3F
$0060
General
purpose
...
RAM
(SRAM)
$FFFF
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Data Memory with Extended I /O
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AVR CPU and Memory space
8 bit
Data Address
R0
Space R1
R2
$0000
$0001 General
...
Purpose
...
Registers R31
$001F I/O Address
TWBR $00
$0020
TWSR $01
Standard I/O
...
...
Registers
SPH $3E
$005F SREG $3F
$0060
General
purpose
...
RAM
(SRAM)
$FFFF
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Data Memory size
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Some simple instructions
1. Loading values into the general purpose registers
LDI (Load Immediate)
◼ LDI Rd, k R0
◼ Its equivalent in high level languages: R1
R2
Rd = k
…
where, Rd can be R16 to R31 Only
R15
k = data R16
◼ Example: R17
…
◼ LDI R16,53
◼ R16 = 53 R30
R31
◼ LDI R19,132 registers
◼ LDI R23,0x27
◼ R23 = 0x27
R0 thru R15
◼ Only registers in the range R16 to R31 can be loaded immediate.
◼ We cannot load a constant into the registers R0 to R15 directly.
◼ It would have to be loaded into a valid register first then copied.
◼ To load the value of 10 into register zero (R0):
◼ Code:
LDI R16,10 ;Set R16 to value of 10

MOV R0,R16 ;Copy contents of R16 to R0
2. Arithmetic calculation
◼ There are some instructions for doing Arithmetic
and logic operations; such as:
ADD, SUB, MUL, AND, etc. R0
R1
R2
…
R15
R16
R17
…
R30
R31
registers
◼ There are some instructions for doing Arithmetic

and logic operations; such as:
ADD, SUB, MUL, AND, etc. R0
R1
◼ ADD Rd,Rs R2
…
◼ Rd = Rd + Rs
Example:
R15
◼
R16
◼ ADD R25, R9 R17
…
◼ R25 = R25 + R9
◼ ADD R17,R30 R30
R31
◼ R17 = R17 + R30 registers
A simple program
◼ Write a program that calculates 19 + 95
LDI R16, 19 ;R16 = 19
LDI R20, 95 ;R20 = 95
ADD R16, R20 ;R16 = R16 + R20
A simple program
◼ Write a program that calculates 19 + 95 + 5
LDI R16, 19 ;R16 = 19
LDI R20, 95 ;R20 = 95
LDI R21, 5 ;R21 = 5
ADD R16, R20 ;R16 = R16 + R20
ADD R16, R21 ;R16 = R16 + R21
LDI R16, 19 ;R16 = 19

LDI R20, 95 ;R20 = 95
ADD R16, R20 ;R16 = R16 + R20
LDI R20, 5 ;R20 = 5
ADD R16, R20 ;R16 = R16 + R20
◼ ADC Rd,Rs
R0
◼ Rd = Rd + Rs R1
Used for 16-bit addition

R2
◼
…
R15
R16
R17
…
R30
R31
registers
◼ SUB Rd,Rs
R0
◼ Rd = Rd - Rs R1
R2
…
R15
R16
R17
…
R30
R31
registers
3. Logical operations
◼ AND Rd,Rs
R0
◼ Rd = Rd & Rs R1
R2
…
R15
R16
R17
…
R30
R31
registers
◼ OR Rd,Rs
R0
◼ Rd = Rd + Rs R1
R2
…
R15
R16
R17
…
R30
R31
registers
◼ EOR Rd,Rs
R0
◼ Rd = Rd ɸ Rs R1
R2
…
R15
R16
R17
…
R30
R31
registers
◼ INC Rd
◼ Rd = Rd + 1
◼ Example:
◼ INC R25
◼ R25 = R25 + 1
◼ DEC Rd
◼ Rd = Rd - 1
◼ Example:
◼ DEC R23
◼ R23 = R23 - 1
◼ COM Rd
◼ Complements content of Rd
◼ Example:
◼ Before execution: R20 = 0101 0101 = 0x55
◼ COM R20
◼ After execution: R20 = 1010 1010 = 0xAA
◼ Example:
◼ LDI R16,0x55
◼ OUT PORTB,R16
◼ COM R16
◼ OUT PORTB,R16
Arithmetic instruction: Operates on Single byte of data
Example: Write a program to toggle all bits of PORTB continuously.
Solution:
LDI R20, 0x55 ;R20 = 55
REPEAT: OUT PORTB,R20
COM R20
JMP REPEAT
◼ CLR Rd
◼ Clear content of Rd
◼ NEG Rd
◼ Takes 2’s complement of Rd
◼ SWAP Rd
◼ Swap nibbles in Rd
◼ ROR Rd
◼ Rotate right Rd through carry
◼ ROL Rd
◼ Rotate Left Rd through carry
◼ LSL Rd
◼ Logical shift Left Rd
◼ LSR Rd
◼ Logical shift right Rd
Data Transfer Instructions & Data Address Space
General RAM EEPROM Timers

Purpose
PROGRAM
Registers
ROM
Program CPU Data

Bus Bus address bus
data bus
control bus
Data
8 bit Bus
Data Address
Space R0
R1
R2
$0000 Interrupt Other
$0001 General OSC Ports
Unit Peripherals
...
Purpose
...
Registers R31
$001F I/O Address I/O
TWBR $00 PINS
$0020
TWSR $01
Standard I/O
LDS (Load direct from data space)
...
...
Registers
SPH $3E
$005F SREG $3F
$0060 LDS Rd, addr ;Rd = [addr]
General
purpose
...
RAM
(SRAM) Example:
LDS R1, 0x60
$FFFF
Data Address Space
LDS (Load direct from data space)
LDS Rd, addr ;Rd = [addr]
Rd → 0 to 31
Addr → 0x0000 to 0xFFFF
Example: WAP to add content of memory locations 0x300 & 0x302 and store result in
register R1
LDS R1, 0x60
LDS R0,0x300
LDS R1,0x302
ADD R1,R0
Data Address Space
Example: What does the following instruction do?
LDS R20,2
8 bit
Data Address
Answer: Space
R0
R1
R2
It copies the contents of R2 into R20; as 2 is the address of R2. $0000
$0001 General
...
Purpose
Registers R31
$001F I/O Address
TWBR $00
$0020
TWSR $01
Standard I/O
...
Registers
SPH $3E
$005F SREG $3F
$0060
General
purpose
...
RAM
(SRAM)
$FFFF
Data Address Space
STS (Store direct to data space)
STS addr,Rd ;[addr]=Rd
Example:
STS 0x60,R15 ; [0x60] = R15
Note:
➢ You cannot store an immediate data directly into SRAM location in the AVR.
➢ This must be done via the GPRs.
Data Address Space
Example: Write a program that stores 55 into location 0x80 of RAM.
Solution:
LDI R20, 55 ;R20 = 55
STS 0x80, R20 ;[0x80] = R20 = 55
Data Address Space
Example: Write a program that copies the contents of location 0x80
of RAM into location 0x81.
Solution:
LDS R20, 0x80 ;R20 = [0x80]
STS 0x81, R20 ;[0x81] = R20 = [0x80]
Data Address Space
Example: Write a program that stores 55 into location 0x80 of RAM.
Solution:
LDI R20, 55 ;R20 = 55
STS 0x80, R20 ;[0x80] = R20 = 55
Data Address Space
Example: Write a program that copies the contents of location 0x80

of RAM into location 0x81.
Solution:
LDS R20, 0x80 ;R20 = [0x80]
STS 0x81, R20 ;[0x81] = R20 = [0x80]
Data Address Space
Example: Add contents of location 0x90 to contents of location 0x95

and store the result in location 0x313.
Solution:
LDS R20, 0x90 ;R20 = [0x90]
LDS R21, 0x95 ;R21 = [0x95]
ADD R20, R21 ;R20 = R20 + R21
STS 0x313, R20 ;[0x313] = R20
Data Address Space
Example: Store 0x53 into the SPH register. The address of SPH is 0x5E
Solution:
LDI R20, 0x53 ;R20 = 0x53
STS 0x5E, R20 ;SPH = R20
Data Address Space (Standard I/O Space)
8 bit
Data Address
Space R0
R1
$0000 R2 IN (IN from IO location)
$0001 General
...
Purpose
IN Rd,IOaddress ;Rd = [addr]
...
Registers R31
$001F I/O Address
TWBR $00
$0020
TWSR $01
Standard I/O
Example:
...
...
Registers IN R1, 0x3F ;R1 = SREG

SPH $3E
$005F SREG $3F
$0060 IN R17,0x3E ;R17 = SPH
General
purpose
...
RAM
(SRAM)
$FFFF
8 bit
Data Address OUT (OUT to IO location)
Space R0
R1
$0000 R2
$0001 General OUT IOAddr,Rd ;[addr]=Rd
...
Purpose
...
Registers R31
$001F I/O Address Example:
TWBR $00
$0020
TWSR $01
Standard I/O
OUT 0x3F,R12 ;SREG = R12
...
...
Registers OUT 0x3E,R15 ;SPH = R15

SPH $3E
$005F SREG $3F
$0060
General
purpose
...
Using Names of IO registers

RAM
(SRAM)
Example:
OUT SPH,R12 ;OUT 0x3E,R12
IN R15,SREG ;IN R15,0x3F
$FFFF
Introduction to AVR
Chapter 1

and embedded
systems
8 bit
Data Address
Space R0
R1
$0000 R2
$0001 General
...
Purpose
...
Registers R31
$001F I/O Address
TWBR $00
$0020
TWSR $01
Standard I/O
...
...
Registers
SPH $3E
$005F SREG $3F
$0060
General
purpose
...
RAM
(SRAM)
$FFFF
Example: Write a program that adds the contents of the PINC IO

register to the contents of PIND and stores the result in location
0x90 of the SRAM
Solution:
IN R20,PINC ;R20 = PINC
IN R21,PIND ;R21 = PIND
ADD R20,R21 ;R20 = R20 + R21
STS 0x90,R20 ;[0x90] = R20
Example: Write a program that adds the contents of the PINC IO register
to the contents of PIND and stores the result in location 0x90 of the
SRAM
Solution:
IN R20,PINC ;R20 = PINC
IN R21,PIND ;R21 = PIND
ADD R20,R21 ;R20 = R20 + R21
STS 0x90,R20 ;[0x90] = R20
Data memory space
◼ MOV Instruction
◼ MOV Rd,Rs
◼ Copy content of Rs to Rd.
◼ Rd & Rs → R0 to R31
Status Register (SREG)
I T H
SREG: S V N Z C
Carry
Interrupt Zero
oVerflow
Data Address
Sign Space
Temporary
N+V
$0000
Negative $0001 General
Purpose
...
Registers
$001F IO Ad
TWBR $00
Half Carry $0020
TWSR $01
Standard IO
...
...
Registers
SPH $3E
$005F SREG $3F
$0060
General
purpose
...
RAM
(SRAM)
$FFFF
Example: Show the status of the C, H, and Z flags after the

subtraction of 0x23 from 0xA5 in the following instructions:
LDI R20, 0xA5
LDI R21, 0x23
SUB R20, R21 ;subtract R21 from R20
Solution:
$A5 1010 0101
- $23 0010 0011
$82 1000 0010 R20 = $82
C = 0 because R21 is not bigger than R20 and there is no borrow from D8 bit.
Z = 0 because the R20 has a value other than 0 after the subtraction.
H = 0 because there is no borrow from D4 to D3.
Example: Show the status of the C, H, and Z flags after the addition
of 0x9C and 0x64 in the following instructions:
LDI R20, 0x9C
LDI R21, 0x64
ADD R20, R21 ;add R21 to R20
Solution: 1
$9C 1001 1100
+ $64 0110 0100
$100 1 0000 0000 R20 = 00
C = 1 because there is a carry beyond the D7 bit.
H = 1 because there is a carry from the D3 to the D4 bit.
Z = 1 because the R20 (the result) has a value 0 in it after the addition.
Example: Show the status of the C, H, and Z flags after the addition
of 0x38 and 0x2F in the following instructions:
LDI R16, 0x38 ;R16 = 0x38
LDI R17, 0x2F ;R17 = 0x2F
ADD R16, R17 ;add R17 to R16
Solution: 1
$38 0011 1000
+ $2F 0010 1111
$67 0110 0111 R16 = 0x67
C = 0 because there is no carry beyond the D7 bit.
H = 1 because there is a carry from the D3 to the D4 bit.
Z = 0 because the R16 (the result) has a value other than 0 after the addition.
subtraction of 0x73 from 0x52 in the following instructions:
LDI R20, 0x52
LDI R21, 0x73
Solution:
$52 0101 0010
- $73 0111 0011
$DF 1101 1111 R20 = $DF
C = 1 because R21 is bigger than R20 and there is a borrow from D8 bit.
Z = 0 because the R20 has a value other than zero after the subtraction.
H = 1 because there is a borrow from D4 to D3.

subtraction of 0x9C from 0x9C in the following instructions:
LDI R20, 0x9C
LDI R21, 0x9C
Solution:
$9C 1001 1100
- $9C 1001 1100
$00 0000 0000 R20 = $00
C = 0 because R21 is not bigger than R20 and there is no borrow from D8 bit.
Z = 1 because the R20 is zero after the subtraction.
H = 0 because there is no borrow from D4 to D3.
Example 2-1
Note: do not forget to add it at the beginning of the program:

.include "M32DEF.inc"
Example 2- 2
Example 2- 3
Example 2- 4
Problems (1)
Problems (2)
Problems (3)
Problems (4)
Introduction to AVR
Chapter 1

and embedded
systems
2/8/2022
AVR Data Type
➢ AVR has only 1 data type, i.e. 8-bit.
➢ All registers that manipulates the data are of 8-bit.
➢ Data can be specified in Hex, Binary, Decimal or ASCII.
➢Hex: ➢Binary:
➢Decimal: ➢ASCII:
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Assembler directives
➢ Assembler directives gives directions to the CPU.
➢ It makes our program easy to understand and legible.
.EQU (equate):
➢It is used for fixed data assignments
➢All peripheral registers are initialized in M32DEF.INC file using this directive.
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Assembler directives
.SET:
➢It is same as .EQU directive.

➢The value assigned using .SET directive can be reassigned later in program
.ORG (originate):
➢It is used to indicate beginning of the address.
.INCLUDE (originate):
➢Tells compiler to include content of file in the beginning of program.
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ATMega32 Programmer Model: Data Memory
EEPROM
➢ ATmega32 contains 1024 bytes of data EEPROM memory.
➢ It is organized as a separate data space, in which single bytes
can be read and written.
➢ The EEPROM has an endurance of at least 100,000 write/erase
cycles.
➢ Different chip have different size of EEPROM memory
Chip Bytes Chip Bytes Chip Bytes
ATmega8 512 ATmega16 512 ATmega32 1024

ATmega64 2048 ATmega128 4096 ATmega256RZ 4096
ATmega640 4096 ATmega1280 4096 ATmega2560 4096

ATMega32 Programmer Model: Program Memory
Flash Memory Layout
Flash Memory Layout
➢ What will be address range in ATMega32 ?
Flash Memory Layout
➢ Find address range in
(i) ATtiny25
(ii) ATmega16
(iii) ATmega32
Flash Memory Layout
➢ Find address range in
(i) ATtiny25
(ii) ATmega16
(iii) ATmega32
Flash Memory Layout
Introduction to AVR
Chapter 1

and embedded
systems
How instructions are stored in Program Memory ?
➢LDI R16,$25
➢AVR Microcontroller supports little endian convention.
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ATMega32 Pin out & Descriptions
Clears all the

registers and
restart the
execution of
program
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Provides supply
voltage to the
chip. It should be
connected to +5
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These pins are

used to connect
external crystal
or RC oscillator
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Reference voltage
for ADC
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Reference voltage
for ADC
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Port B Port A
Supply voltage for

ADC and portA.
Connect it to VCC
Port C
Port D
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Port B Port A
Port C
Port D
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Port
Clears B
all the Port A
registers supply
Provides and
restart the
voltage to the Reference voltage
These
chip. pins
execution are
of be
It should for ADC
Supply voltage
used to connect
programto +5
connected for ADC and
external crystal
portA. Connect it
or RC oscillator
to VCC
Port C
Port D
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➢ Digital IO is the most fundamental mode of connecting a MCU to external world. The
interface is done using what is called a PORT.
➢ A port is the point where internal data from MCU chip comes out or external
data goes in. They are present is form of PINs of the IC.
➢ Most of the PINs are dedicated to this function and other pins are used for power
supply, clock source etc .
➢ ATMega32 ports are named PORTA, PORTB, PORTC, and PORTD.
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Mega32/Mega16
(XCK/T0) PB0 PA0 (ADC0)
(T1) PB1 PA1 (ADC1)
(INT2/AIN0) PB2 PA2 (ADC2)
(OC0/AIN1) PB3 PA3 (ADC3)
(SS) PB4 PA4 (ADC4)
(MOSI) PB5 PA5 (ADC5)
(MISO) PB6 PA6 (ADC6)
(SCK) PB7 PA7 (ADC7)
PINA
PORTB
DDRB
PINB
RESET DDRA AREF
PORTA
VCC AGND
PORTC
GND DDRC AVCC
PINC
XTAL2 PC7 (TOSC2)
XTAL1 PC6 (TOSC1)
(RXD) PD0 PC5 (TDI)
(TXD) PD1 PC4 (TDO)
(INT0) PD2 PC3 (TMS)
(INT1) PD3 PC2 (TCK)
(OC1B) PD4 PC1 (SDA)
(OC1A) PD5 PC0 (SCL)
(ICP) PD6 PD7 (OC2)
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Introduction to AVR
Chapter 1

and embedded
systems
2/8/2022
AVR Microcontroller and Embedded System Using Assembly and C
Mazidi, Naimi, and Naimi
© 2011 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
2/8/2022
2/8/2022
2/8/2022

Unit3 AVR Microcontroller Introduction

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Microprocessors And

By: Dr. Ujjaval Patel

By: Dr. Ujjaval Patel

➢ Difference between MP & MC

By: Dr. Ujjaval Patel

➢ Difference between MP & MC

By: Dr. Ujjaval Patel

CPU RAM ROM

◉ Microcontrollers are found in ◉ Microprocessors are suited to

Embedded systems are controlled by one or more

A short list of Embedded Systems

➢ Difference between MP & MC

By: Dr. Ujjaval Patel

Chapter 1 BIHE university

The AVR microcontroller

➢ Difference between MP & MC

By: Dr. Ujjaval Patel

Criteria for choosing a

➢ Classic AVR: AT90S2313, AT90S4433

➢ Mega AVR: ATmega8, ATmega32, ATmega128

➢ Tiny AVR: ATtiny13, ATtiny25

➢ Special Purpose AVR: AT90PWM216,AT90USB1287

➢ Difference between MP & MC

By: Dr. Ujjaval Patel

➢ Difference between MP & MC

By: Dr. Ujjaval Patel

RAM EEPROM Timers

LDI R16,10 ;Set R16 to value of 10

◼ There are some instructions for doing Arithmetic

◼ ADD R25, R9 R17

LDI R16, 19 ;R16 = 19

Used for 16-bit addition

General RAM EEPROM Timers

Program CPU Data

LDS Rd, addr ;Rd = [addr]

STS (Store direct to data space)

STS addr,Rd ;[addr]=Rd

Example: Write a program that stores 55 into location 0x80 of RAM.

Example: Write a program that copies the contents of location 0x80

Example: Add contents of location 0x90 to contents of location 0x95

Registers IN R1, 0x3F ;R1 = SREG

Registers OUT 0x3E,R15 ;SPH = R15

Using Names of IO registers

The AVR microcontroller

Example: Write a program that adds the contents of the PINC IO

Example: Show the status of the C, H, and Z flags after the

Example: Show the status of the C, H, and Z flags after the

Note: do not forget to add it at the beginning of the program:

The AVR microcontroller

➢It is used for fixed data assignments

➢It is same as .EQU directive.

ATmega8 512 ATmega16 512 ATmega32 1024

ATmega640 4096 ATmega1280 4096 ATmega2560 4096

The AVR microcontroller

Clears all the

These pins are

Supply voltage for

The AVR microcontroller