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Class X: Math Chapter: Surface Areas and Volumes Chapter Notes Top Definitions

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This chapter document covers surface area and volume formulas and concepts for various 3D shapes including cubes, spheres, cylinders, cones, and composite shapes. It includes definitions of these shapes, key concepts like volumes remaining the same if a solid is melted and reformed, and formulas for calculating surface areas and volumes of cubes, cylinders, cones, spheres, hemispheres, and frustums of cones. Diagrams illustrating each shape are also listed.

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Class X: Math Chapter: Surface Areas and Volumes Chapter Notes Top Definitions

Uploaded by

Lakshya Pratap
45 views4 pages
This chapter document covers surface area and volume formulas and concepts for various 3D shapes including cubes, spheres, cylinders, cones, and composite shapes. It includes definitions of these shapes, key concepts like volumes remaining the same if a solid is melted and reformed, and formulas for calculating surface areas and volumes of cubes, cylinders, cones, spheres, hemispheres, and frustums of cones. Diagrams illustrating each shape are also listed.

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This chapter document covers surface area and volume formulas and concepts for various 3D shapes including cubes, spheres, cylinders, cones, and composite shapes. It includes definitions of these shapes, key concepts like volumes remaining the same if a solid is melted and reformed, and formulas for calculating surface areas and volumes of cubes, cylinders, cones, spheres, hemispheres, and frustums of cones. Diagrams illustrating each shape are also listed.

Copyright:

© All Rights Reserved
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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45 views4 pages

Class X: Math Chapter: Surface Areas and Volumes Chapter Notes Top Definitions

Uploaded by

Lakshya Pratap
This chapter document covers surface area and volume formulas and concepts for various 3D shapes including cubes, spheres, cylinders, cones, and composite shapes. It includes definitions of these shapes, key concepts like volumes remaining the same if a solid is melted and reformed, and formulas for calculating surface areas and volumes of cubes, cylinders, cones, spheres, hemispheres, and frustums of cones. Diagrams illustrating each shape are also listed.

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Class X: Math

Chapter : Surface Areas and Volumes


Chapter Notes

Top Definitions

• A Cube is a special type of cuboids in which length = breadth = height.


Also called an edge of a cube.

• A sphere is a perfectly round geometrical object in three-dimensional


HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_geometry" space, such as
the shape of a round ball.

• A cylinder is a solid or a hollow object that has a circular base and a


circular top of the same size.

• A hemisphere is half of a sphere.


• If a right circular is cut off by a plane parallel to its base, then the portion
of the cone between the plane and the base of the cone is called a frustum
of the cone.

Top Concepts
• The total surface area of the solid formed by the combination of solids is
the sum of the curved surface area of each of the individual parts.

• A solid is melted and converted to another, volume of both the solids


remains the same, assuming there is no wastage in the conversions. The
surface area of the two solids may or may not be the same.

• A frustum can be obtained by cutting a cone by a plane, parallel to the


base of the cone.

• The solids having the same curved surface do not necessarily occupy the
same volume.

Top Formulae

• Cuboids:

Lateral surface area Or Area of four walls = 2(ℓ + b) h


Total surface area = 2(ℓb + bh + hℓ)
Volume = ℓ x b x h

Diagonal of a cuboids =

• Cube:
Lateral surface area Or Area of four walls = 4 x (edge)2

Total surface area = 6 x (edge)²


Volume = (edge)²

Diagonal of a cube =

• Right circular cylinder:

x edge.

Area of each end or Base area = r²

Area of curved surface or lateral surface area

= perimeter of the base x height = 2 r (h + r) Total


surface area (including both ends)
= 2 rh + 2r² = 2r (h + r)

Volume = (Area of the base0 x height = r²h

• Right circular hollow cylinder:


Area of curved surface
= (External surface) + (Internal surface)
= (2Rh + 2rh) = 2 (R² - r²)

= [2h(R+ r) + 2 (R² - r²)]

= [2(R + r) (h + R – r)]

Volume of the material


= (External volume) – (Internal volume)

= (R²h - r²h) = h (R² - r²)

• Right circular cone:

Slant height (ℓ) =


Area of curved surface = rℓ = r

Total surface area = Area of curved surface + Area of base


= rℓ + r² = r (ℓ + r)

Volume =
• Sphere:

1 r2h
3

Surface area = 4 r²


Volume = 4 r²

3
• Spherical shell:
Surface area (outer) = 4R²
Volume of material = 4 r³  4 r³

3 3

• Hemisphere:

4
= R³  r³

Area of curved surface = 2 r²h

Total surface Area = Area of curved surface + Area of base


= 2 r² + r²

= 3r²
Volume = 2 r² 3

• Frustum of a cone:

Total surface area = [R² + r² + ℓ (R + r)]


1
Volume of the material = hR²  r²  Rr
Top Diagrams

• Cuboid

• Cube
• Right circular cylinder:

• Right circular hollow cylinder:

• Right circular cone:

• Sphere:

• Spherical shell:

• Hemisphere:

• Frustum of a cone:

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