ANDHRA PRADESH STATE COUNCIL OF HIGHER EDUCATION

(A Statutory body of the Government of Andhra Pradesh)

3rd, 4th and 5th floors, Neeladri Towers, Sri Ram Nagar, 6th Battalion Road,
Atmakur (V), Mangalagiri (M), Guntur-522 503, Andhra Pradesh
Web: www.apsche.org Email: [email protected]

REVISED SYLLABUS OF B.SC. PHYSICS

(FOR NON-MATHEMATICS COMBINATIONS)
UNDER CBCS FRAMEWORK WITH EFFECT FROM 2020-2021

PROGRAMME: FOUR-YEAR UG HONOURS PROGRAMME

Physics for Non-Mathematics Combinations

(With Learning Outcomes, Unit-wise Syllabus, References, Co-curricular Activities &

Model Q.P.)
For Fifteen Courses of 1, 2, 3 & 4 Semesters)
(To be Implemented from 2020-21 Academic Year)
 AP STATE COUNCIL OF HIGHER EDUCATION
RevisedB.Sc. PHYSICS SYLLABUS UNDER CBCS
[For Non-Mathematics combinations]
w.e.f. 2020-21 (Revised in May 2020)

First Semester
Course I: Mechanics, Waves and Oscillations
Practical Course I (Lab-1)

Second Semester
Course II: Wave Optics
Practical Course II (Lab-2)

Third Semester
Course III: Heat and Thermodynamics
Practical Course III (Lab-3)

Fourth Semester
Course IV: Electricity, Magnetism and Electronics
Practical Course IV (Lab- 4)

Course V:Modern Physics

Practical Course V (Lab-V)

B.SC. PHYSICS COURSE STRUCTURE UNDER CBCS

No.of No.of
Year Semester Course Title of the Course Marks Hrs/Wee Credits
k
Mechanics, Waves and
100 4 03
I I Oscillations
Practical Course- I 50 2 02
I
Wave Optics 100 4 03
II II
Practical Course – II 50 2 02
Heat and Thermodynamics 100 4 03
III III
Practical Course – III 50 2 02
Electricity, Magnetism and 100 4 03
II IV Electronics
IV Practical Course – IV 50 2 02
Modern Physics 100 4 03
V
Practical Course –V 50 2 02
Total No. of Courses : 05 (Five)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
B.Sc. PHYSICS SYLLABUS UNDER CBCS
I YEAR B.Sc. -I SEMESTER
[2020-21 Batch onwards]
Course I: MECHANICS,WAVES AND OSCILLATIONS
(For Non-Maths Combinations)

Work load: 60 hrs per semester 4 hrs/week

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Course outcomes:

On successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

 Understand the Newton’s laws of motion and the law of conservation of linear
momentum and its application to rocket motion, the concepts of concepts of impact
parameter, scattering cross section and Distinguish between elastic and inelastic
collisions.
 Formulate the rotational kinematic relations, learn the working principle of
gyroscope and its applications and explain the precessional motion of a freely
rotating symmetric top.
 Analyse the general characteristics of central forces and the application of Kepler’s
laws to describe the motion of planets and satellite in circular orbit through the study
of law of Gravitation.
 State the postulates of Special theory of relativity and its consequences such as length
contraction, time dilation, relativistic mass and mass-energy equivalence.
 Understand the phenomena of simple harmonic motion and the distinction between
undamped, damped and forced oscillations and the concepts of resonance and quality
factor with reference to damped harmonic oscillator.
 State the laws of transverse vibrations in a stretched string and their verification
using a
sonometer and learn the formation of harmonics and overtones in a stretched string.
 Acquire knowledge on Ultrasonic waves, their production and detection and
theirapplications in different fields.
UNIT-I:
1. Mechanics of Particles(06 hrs)
Review of Newton’s Laws of Motion, Conservation of linear momentum, Collisions, Elastic
and inelastic collisions, Collisions in one and two dimension, Rocket propulsion, Impact
parameter, Scattering cross-section, Rutherford scattering (No derivation-Qualitative ideas
only)
2.Mechanics of Rigid body: (06hrs)
Rigid body, Rotational kinematic relations, Rotational kinetic energy and moment of inertia,
Angular momentum, Torque, Relation between torque and angular momentum, Conservation
of angular momentum, Illustrations, Gyroscopic motion (No derivation - Qualitative ideas
only), Precession of the equinoxes.

UNIT-II:
3. Central forces: (12hrs)
Central force-Definition& examples, General Characteristics of Central forces, Conservative
nature of central forces, Planetary motion-Kepler’s laws (Statements & Explanation),
Deduction of Newton’s law of gravitation from Kepler’s law, Geostationary Satellite
Motion, Uses of communication satellites, Basic idea of Global Positioning System (GPS)
andtheir applications.

UNIT-III:
4. Relativistic Mechanics (12 hrs)
Inertial and Non-inertial reference frames-Galilean relativity; Special theory of relativity-
Statements of the two basic postulates- (Elementary treatment and application only) Lorentz
transformation equations (No derivations); length contraction; time dilation; addition of
velocities; Einstein’s mass –energy equation

UNIT-IV:
5. Undamped, Damped and Forced Oscillations (12hrs)
Simple harmonic motion, Characteristics of SHM, Equation of motion and solution,
Combination of Simple harmonic motions along a line and perpendicular to each other-
Lissajous figures& uses, Damped vibrations: Explanation and examples, Distinction between
damped and undamped vibrations, Forced vibrations: Explanation and examples, Resonance,
examples – Sharp resonance and Flat resonance, Sharpness of resonance, Q-factor, Volume
Resonator- Determination of frequency of a given tuning fork.

UNIT-IV:
6. Wave motion :(06hrs)
Progressive waves-Equation of a progressive wave, Velocity of transverse waves in elastic
media, Standing waves, overtones and harmonics, Sonometer-Verification of laws of
transverse vibrations in a stretched string, Phenomenon of beats (qualitative ideas only).

7. Ultrasonics :(06hrs)
Ultrasonics, properties, production of ultrasonics by piezoelectric and magnetostriction
methods, detection of ultrasonics, Applications of ultrasonic waves.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

 BSc Physics, Vol.1 -Telugu Academy, Hyderabad

 Physics for Biology and Premedical Students –D.N. Burns & SGG Mac Donald
 Unified Physics Vol.I- Mechanics,Waves and Oscillations; Jai PrakashNath&Co.Ltd.,
Meerut.
 Properties of Matter - D.S. Mathur, S.Chand& Co, New Delhi ,11thEdn., 2000
 Properties of Matter - Brijlal&Subrmanyam, S.Chand&Co. 1982
 Waves and Oscillations- S. Badami, V. Balasubramanian and K. Rama Reddy, Orient
Longman.
 Waves and Oscillations- N. Subramaniyam and Brijlal, Vikas Publishing House Private
Limited.
 Practical Course 1: Mechanics, Waves and Oscillations
Work load: 30 hrs per semester 2 hrs/week
Course outcomes (Practicals):

On successful completion of this practical course, the student will be able to;
 perform experiments on Properties of matter such as the determination of moduli of
elasticity viz., Young’s modulus, Rigidity modulus of certain materials; Surface
tension of water , Coefficient of viscosity of a liquid , Moment of inertia of some
regular bodies by different methods and compare the experimental values with the
standard values.
 determine the acceleration due to gravity at a place using Compound pendulum and
Simple pendulum.
 notice the difference between flat resonance and sharp resonance in case of volume
resonator and sonometer experiments respectively.
 verify the laws of transverse vibrations in a stretched string using sonometer and
comment on the relation between frequency, length and tension of a stretched string
under vibration.
 demonstrate the formation of stationary waves on a string in Melde’s string
experiment.

Minimum of 6 experiments to be done and recorded

1. Young’s modulus of the material of a bar (scale) by uniform bending

2. Young’s modulus of the material a bar (scale) by non- uniform bending
3. Surface tension of a liquid by capillary rise method
4. Viscosity of liquid by the flow method (Poiseuille’s method)
5. Bifilar suspension –Moment of inertia of a regular rectangular body.
6. Fly-wheel -Determination of moment of inertia
7. Rigidity modulus of material of a wire-Dynamic method (Torsional pendulum)
8. Volume resonator experiment
9. Determination of ‘g’ by compound/bar pendulum
10. Simple pendulum- normal distribution of errors-estimation of time period and the
error of the mean by statistical analysis
11. Determination of the force constant of a spring by static and dynamic method.
 12. Coupled oscillators
13. Verification of laws of vibrations of stretched string –Sonometer
14. Determination of frequency of a bar –Melde’s experiment.
15. Study of a damped oscillation using the torsional pendulum immersed in liquid-decay
constant and damping correction of the amplitude.

RECOMMENDED CO-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES:

MEASURABLE
 Assignments (in writing and doing forms on the aspects of syllabus content and
outside the syllabus content. Shall be individual and challenging)
 Student seminars (on topics of the syllabus and related aspects (individual activity))
 Quiz (on topics where the content can be compiled by smaller aspects and data
(Individuals or groups as teams))
 Field studies (individual observations and recordings as per syllabus content and
related areas (Individual or team activity)
 Study projects (by very small groups of students on selected local real-time problems
pertaining to syllabus or related areas. The individual participation and contribution of
students shall be ensured (team activity)
GENERAL
 Group Discussion
 Visit to Research Stations, Science Museum Centers to understand the basic
principles of mechanics with live examples.
 Visit to and related industries
 Study the rate of flow of water in water works department in local municipality.

RECOMMENDED ASSESSMENT METHODS

Some of the following suggested assessment methodologies could be adopted;
 The oral and written examinations (Scheduled and surprise tests)
 Practical assignments and laboratory reports
 Individual and group project reports
 Efficient delivery using seminar presentations
 Viva voce interviews.

***
 B.Sc. PHYSICS SYLLABUS UNDER CBCS
I YEAR B.Sc.-II SEMESTER
[2020-21 Batch onwards]
Course II: WAVE OPTICS
(For Non-Maths Combinations)

Work load: 60 hrs per semester 4 hrs/week

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Course outcomes:
On successful completion of this course, the student will be able to:
 Explain about the different aberrations in lenses and discuss the methods of
minimizing them.
 Understand the phenomenon of interference of light and its formation in Lloyd’s
single mirror Thin films and Newton’s rings.
 Distinguish between Fresnel’s diffraction and Fraunhoffer diffraction and observe the
diffraction patterns in the case of single slit and the diffraction grating.
 Describe the construction and working of zone plate and make the comparison of
zone plate with convex lens.
 Explain the various methods of production of plane, circularly and polarized light
and their detection and the concept of optical activity.
 Comprehend the basic principles of laser and fibre optic communication and their
applications.

UNIT –I: Geometric optics (12 hrs)

Aberrations in lenses-Chromatic Aberration-Achromatic Combination of lenses-
Monochromatic defects-Spherical aberration-Astigmatism; Coma; Curvature and Distortion-
Minimizing aberration.

UNIT-II: Interference (12 hrs)

The superposition principle, Condition for Interference, Classification of Interferences
methods-Young’s double slit experiment-Theory, Intensity in interference pattern- Phase
change on reflection ; Lloyd’s single mirror; Interference due to plane parallel wedge shaped
films, Colors in thin films-Newton rings, Determination of wavelength of light using
Newton’s rings.

UNIT-III: Diffraction (12 hrs)

Fresnel and Fraunhoffer diffraction phenomena, Differences between interference and
diffraction, Fraunhoffer diffraction of single Slit; Diffraction grating- Determination of
wavelength of light using diffraction grating (Normal incidence and Minimum deviation);
Resolving power; Rayleigh’s criterion –limits of resolution for telescopes and microscope,
Zone plate-construction and its comparison with convex lens

UNIT-IV: Polarization (12 hrs)

Polarized light: Production of plane polarized light by reflection, Double refraction;
Brewster’s law; Malus law; Nicol prism; Nicol prism as polarizer and analyzer- Quarter wave
plate, Half wave plate- Production and detection of plane, circularly and elliptically polarized
light, Optical activity, determination of specific rotation by Laurent’s half shade polarimeter

UNIT V: Lasers& Fiber Optics(12 hrs)

Lasers-characteristics; Stimulated and Spontaneous emission, Population inversion, Laser
principle, Ruby laser, He-Ne laser, Applications of lasers
Introduction to fibres, Different types of fibres, Principles of fiber communication (qualitative
treatment only), Advantages of optical fibre communication

REFERENCE BOOKS
 BSc Physics, Vol.2, Telugu Academy, Hyderabad
 Physics for Biology and Premedical Students –D.N. Burns & SGG Mac Donald
 Unified Physics Vol.II, Optics and Thermodynamics,JaiPrakashNath&Co.Ltd.,
Meerut.
 Optics, AjoyGhatak, Tata Mc Graw-Hill.
 Fundamentals of Optics, H.R. Gulati and D.R. Khanna, 1991, R. Chand Publication
 Introduction of Lasers – Avadhanulu, S.Chand& Co.
 Principles of Optics- BK Mathur, Gopala Printing Press, 1995
 Practical Course II: Wave Optics
Work load: 30 hrs 2 hrs/week

On successful completion of this practical course, the student will be able to;
1. gain hands-on experience of using various optical instruments like spectrometer,
polarimeter and making finer measurements of wavelength of light using Newton
Rings experiment, diffraction grating etc.
2. understand the principle of working of polarimeter and the measurement of specific
rotatory power of sugar solution
3. know the techniques involved in measuring the resolving power of telescope and
dispersive power of the material of the prism.
4. be familiar with the determination of refractive index of liquid by Boy’s method and
the determination of thickness of a thin wire by wedge method.

Minimum of 6 experiments to be done and recorded:

1. Determination of radius of curvature of a given convex lens-Newton’s rings.

2. Resolving power of grating.
3. Study of optical rotation –Polarimeter.
4. Dispersive power of a prism.
5. Determination of wavelength of light using diffraction grating- minimum deviation
method.
6. Determination of wavelength of light using diffraction grating-normal incidence
method.
7. Resolving power of a telescope.
8. Refractive index of a liquid-hallow prism
9. Determination of thickness of a thin fiber by wedge method
10. Determination of refractive index of liquid-Boy’s method.

RECOMMENDED CO-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES:

MEASURABLE
1. Assignments (in writing and doing forms on the aspects of syllabus content and
outside the syllabus content. Shall be individual and challenging)
 2. Student seminars (on topics of the syllabus and related aspects (individual activity))
3. Quiz (on topics where the content can be compiled by smaller aspects and data
(Individuals or groups as teams)
4. Field studies (individual observations and recordings as per syllabus content and
related areas (Individual or team activity)
5. Study projects (by very small groups of students on selected local real-time problems
pertaining to syllabus or related areas. The individual participation and contribution of
students shall be ensured (team activity)

GENERAL
1. Group Discussion
2. Visit to Research Stations/laboratories and related industries
3. Others

RECOMMENDED ASSESSMENT METHODS

Some of the following suggested assessment methodologies could be adopted;
1. The oral and written examinations (Scheduled and surprise tests),
2. Closed-book and open-book tests,
3. Individual and group project reports,
4. Efficient delivery using seminar presentations,
5. Viva voce interviews.
***
 B.Sc. PHYSICS SYLLABUS UNDER CBCS
II YEAR B.Sc. -III SEMESTER
[2020-21 Batch onwards]
Course-III: HEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS
(For Non-Maths Combinations)
Work load: 60 hrs per semester 4 hrs/week
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Course outcomes:
On successful completion of this course, the student will be able to:
 Develop an understanding on the concepts of Thermodynamics, Thermoelectricity,
Low temperature Physics and Quantum theory of Radiation.
 Develop critical understanding of concept of Thermodynamic potentials and
formulation of Maxwell’s equations.
 Get familiarized with the principles of Seebeck effect, Thomson effect and Peltier
effect.
 Understand the different methods of production of low temperatures and study the
applications of substances at low temperatures.
 Examine the nature of black body radiations.

UNIT-I:Kinetic theory of Gases: (12 Hrs)

Kinetic theory of gases- Assumptions-Pressure of an ideal gas; molecular interpretation of
temperature- Maxwell’s law of distribution of molecular speeds (no derivation); experimental
verification; Zeroth law of thermodynamics, Measurement of temperature- Platinum
resistance thermometer, Thermoelectric thermometer.

UNIT-II: Thermodynamics : (12 Hrs)

First law of thermodynamics, work done in isothermal and adiabatic changes ,Reversible and
irreversible process, Carnot’s cycle, Carnot’s theorem; Second law of thermodynamics,
Kelvin’s and Claussius statements; Entropy, physical significance; Change in entropy in
reversible and irreversibleprocesses,Entropy and disorder-Entropy of universe.
UNIT-III: Low temperature Physics: (12 Hrs)
Methods for producing very low temperatures, Joule Kelvin effect, Porous plug experiment ,
Joule expansion-Distinction between adiabatic and Joule Thomson expansion-Expression for
Joule Thomson cooling- Liquefaction of air by Linde’s method, Production of low
temperatures by adiabatic demagnetization (qualitative), Principle of refrigeration,Practical
applications of substances at low temperatures.

UNIT-IV: Measurement, Laws and Theories of Radiation: (12 Hrs)

Black body,Ferry’s black body, Distribution of energy in the spectrum of Black
body,Kirchoff’s law, Wein’s displacement law, Stefan-Boltzmann’s law and Rayleigh-Jean’s
law (Statements only), Planck’s radiation formula (no derivations), Types of pyrometers,
Disappearing filament optical pyrometer and its working; Solar constant and its
determination using Angstrom pyroheliometer, Estimation of surface temperature of Sun.

UNIT-V: Thermoelectricity :(12 Hrs)

Seebeck effect, Variation of thermoemf with temperature; Thermo electric series;
Measurement of thermoemf using potentiometer, Law of intermediate metals and
intermediate temperatures - Peltier effect, Thomson effect; Thermoelectric diagrams and their
uses, Thermoelectric power; Applications of thermoelectric effects.

REFERENCE BOOKS
 BSc Physics, Vol.2, Telugu Academy, Hyderabad
 Physics for Biology and Premedical Students –D.N. Burns & SGG Mac Donald
 Unified Physics Vol.II, Optics and Thermodynamics,JaiPrakashNath&Co.Ltd.,
Meerut.
 Heat and Thermodynamics, N.Subramanyam and L.Brijlal, S.Chand& Co.
 Electricity and Magnetism, N.Subramanyam and L.Brijlal, S.Chand& Co.
 University Physics, HD Young, MW Zemansky, FW Sears, Narosa Publishers, New
Delhi
 Practical Course-III :Heat and Thermodynamics
Work load: 30 hrs 2 hrs/week
On successful completion of this practical course ,the student will be able to:

 Perform basic experiments in thermal Physics, such as, determinations of Stefan’s

constant, coefficient of thermal conductivity, variation of thermo-emf of
athermocouple with temperature difference at its two junctions, calibration of a
thermocouple and Specific heat of a liquid.

Minimum of 6 experiments to be done and recorded:

1. Specific heat of a liquid –Joule’s calorimeter –Barton’s radiation correction

2. Thermal conductivity of bad conductor-Lee’s method
3. Thermal conductivity of rubber.
4. Measurement of Stefan’s constant.
5. Specific heat of a liquid by applying Newton’s law of cooling correction.
6. Heating efficiency of electrical kettle with varying voltages.
7. Thermoemf- thermo couple potentiometer
8. Thermal behavior of an electric bulb (filament/torch light bulb)
9. Measurement of Stefan’s constant- emissive method
10. Study of variation of resistance with temperature - Thermistor.

RECOMMENDED CO-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES:

 MEASURABLE
1. Assignments (in writing and doing forms on the aspects of syllabus content and
outside the syllabus content. Shall be individual and challenging)
2. Student seminars (on topics of the syllabus and related aspects (individual
activity)
3. Quiz (on topics where the content can be compiled by smaller aspects and data
(Individuals or groups as teams))
4. Field studies (individual observations and recordings as per syllabus content and
related areas (Individual or team activity)
 5. Study projects (by very small groups of students on selected local real-time
problems pertaining to syllabus or related areas. The individual participation and
contribution of students shall be ensured (team activity))
6. General
7. Group Discussion
8. Visit to Research Stations and related industries
9. Others

RECOMMENDED ASSESSMENT METHODS

Some of the following suggested assessment methodologies could be adopted;
1. The oral and written examinations (Scheduled and surprise tests),
2. Problem-solving exercises,
3. Observation of practical skills,
4. Individual and group project reports,
5. Efficient delivery using seminar presentations,

***
 B.Sc. PHYSICS SYLLABUS UNDER CBCS
II YEAR B.Sc. -IV SEMESTER
[2020-21 Batch onwards]
Course IV: ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISM AND ELECTRONICS
(For Non-Maths Combinations)

Work load: 60 hrs per semester 4 hrs/week

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Course outcomes:

On successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

 Develop an understanding on the concepts of Electricity, Magnetism and Electronics
and their applications.
 Understand the Gauss’s law in electrostatics and the concepts of electric potential,
equipotential surfaces and the classifications of dielectric materials.
 Distinguish between magnetic effect of electric current and electromagnetic induction
and apply the related laws in appropriate circumstances.
 Comprehend the role and importance of Faraday’s laws and Lenz ‘s law in
electromagnetic induction.
 Understand Biot and Savart’s law and Ampere’s circuital law to describe and explain
the generation of magnetic fields by electrical currents.
 Understand the Kirchoff’s laws and its application to Wheatstone’s bridge
 Disseminate the fundamentals of digital electronics and principles of p-n junction
diodes and transistors.

UNIT-1:
1. Electric field and Potential (12 Hrs)
Coulomb’s law ; Electric field and Electric lines of force, Electric flux; Gauss’s law
statement and its proof; Deduction of Coulomb’s law from Gauss’s law, Applications of
Gauss Law: Electric field intensity due to (i) Uniformly charged sphere (ii) an infinite
conducting sheet of charge (No Derivation- qualitative ideas only); Electrical potential;
Equipotential surfaces with examples; Potential due to electric dipole.
UNIT-II:
2. Capacitance and Dielectrics(12 Hrs)
Electric capacitance ; Principle of condenser, Capacity of a parallel plate capacitor with and
without dielectric; Energy stored in a capacitor, Electric dipole moment; Di-electrics and
examples, Types of dielectrics; Effect of electric field on dielectrics; Electric displacement D,
electric polarization P, Dielectric constant, Permeability & Susceptibility (Definitions only);
Relation between D,E and P

UNIT-III:
3. Current Electricity(12 Hrs)
Electric current and current density, drift velocity; Relationship between current density and
drift velocity, Electrical resistance and resistivity, conductivity, Ohm’s law and its
limitations; Kirchhoff’s laws –Statements and explanations; Application of Kirchhoff’s laws
to Wheatstone bridge, sensitivity of Wheatstone bridge

UNIT-IV:
4. Electromagnetism: (12 Hrs)
Biot-Savart’s law-Explanation; Application of Biot-Savart’s law to circular coil carrying
current (No derivation-qualitative treatment only) ; Ampere’s law ; Force on (i) charged
particles and (ii) current carrying conductor in the magnetic field, Hall effect and its
applications.
5. Electromagnetic induction:Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction, Lenz’s law,
Phenomena of Self induction and Mutual induction, Self inductance of a long solenoid,
Transformer-Principle and working; Energy stored in a magnetic field

UNIT-V:
6. Basic Electronics: (06Hrs)
PN junction diode and its V-I characteristics, Half and full wave rectifiers (working-
qualitative ideas only); Action of filters- L-type and π- type filters; Transistors- PNP and
NPN transistors& their working; CE, CC and CB Configurations, CE transistor –Input and
output characteristics, Transistor as an amplifier.
7. Digital Electronics: (06 Hrs)
Number system, conversion of binary to decimal and vice versa, De Morgan’s theorems
Statements& Proofs; Basic Logic gates and their verification of truth tables, NAND and NOR
gates as universal gates, Half and Full adders.

REFERENCE BOOKS
 B.Sc., Physics, Vol.3, Telugu Academy, Hyderabad
 Modern Physics by R. Murugeshan and Kiruthiga Siva Prasath – S. Chand & Co.
 Electricity and Magnetism, Brijlal and Subramanyam. RatanPrakashanMandir.
 Principles of Electronics, V.K. Mehta, S.Chand& Co.,
 Digital Principles and Applications, A.P. Malvino and D.P.Leach, McGrawHill
Edition.
 Practical Course IV: Electricity, Magnetism and Electronics

Work load: 30 hrs 2 hrs/week

Course outcomes (Practicals):

On successful completion of this practical course, the student will be able to;

 measure the current sensitivity and figure of merit of a moving coil galvanometer.
 observe the resonance condition in LCR series and parallel circuits.
 learn how a sonometer can be used to determine the frequency of AC-supply.
 observe the variation of magnetic field along the axis of a circular coil carrying
current using Stewart and Gee’s apparatus.
 understand the operation of PN junction diode, Zener diode and a transistor and their
V-I characteristics.
 construct the basic logic gates, half adder and full adder and verify their truth tables.
Further, the student will understand how NAND and NOR gates can be used as
universal building blocks.
Minimum of 6 experiments to be done and recorded:

1. Figure of merit of a moving coil galvanometer.

2. LCR circuit series/parallel resonance, Q factor.
3. Determination of ac-frequency –Sonometer.
4. Verification of Kirchoff’s laws and Maximum Power Transfer theorem.
5. Field along the axis of a circular coil carrying current-Stewart & Gee’s apparatus.
6. PN Junction Diode Characteristics
7. Zener Diode –V-I Characteristics
8. Zener Diode as a voltage regulator
9. Transistor CE Characteristics- Determination of hybrid parameters
10. Logic Gates- OR, AND,NOT and NAND gates. Verification of Truth Tables.
11. Verification of De Morgan’s Theorems.
12. Construction of Half adder and Full adders-Verification of truth tables
RECOMMENDED CO-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES:

MEASURABLE
1. Assignments (in writing and doing forms on the aspects of syllabus content and
outside the syllabus content. Shall be individual and challenging)
2. Student seminars (on topics of the syllabus and related aspects (individual
activity)
3. Quiz (on topics where the content can be compiled by smaller aspects and data
(Individuals or groups as teams)
4. Field studies (individual observations and recordings as per syllabus content and
related areas (Individual or team activity)
5. Study projects (by very small groups of students on selected local real-time
problems pertaining to syllabus or related areas. The individual participation and
contribution of students shall be ensured (team activity)
6. General
7. Group Discussion
8. Visit to Research Stations and related industries
9. Others

RECOMMENDED ASSESSMENT METHODS

Some of the following suggested assessment methodologies could be adopted;
1. The oral and written examinations (Scheduled and surprise tests),
2. Practical assignments and laboratory reports,
3. Observation of practical skills,
4. Efficient delivery using seminar presentations,
5. Viva voce interviews.

***
 B.Sc. PHYSICS SYLLABUS UNDER CBCS
II YEAR B.Sc. -IV SEMESTER
[2020-21 Batch onwards]
Course V: MODERN PHYSICS
(For Non-Maths Combinations)

Work load: 60 hrs per semester 4 hrs/week

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Course outcomes:

On successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

 Develop an understanding on the concepts of Atomic and Modern Physics, basic
elementary quantum theory and nuclear physics.
 Develop critical understanding of concept of Matter waves and Uncertainty principle.
 Get familiarized with the phenomenon of photoelectriceffect and Compton effect
 Examine the basic properties of nuclei, characteristics of Nuclear forces, salient
features of Nuclear models and different nuclear radiation detectors.
 Classify Elementary particles based on their mass, charge, spin, half life and
interaction.
 Increase the awareness and appreciation of superconductors and their practical
applications.
 Develop an understanding on the nanomaterials, their properties and applications.
 Conduct experiments using skills appropriate to the units

UNIT-I:
1. Atomic and Molecular Physics:(12 hrs)
Bohr’s theory of Hydrogen atom ; Spectral series of Hydrogen atom and energy levels,
Elementary ideas of Sommerfeld elliptical theory, Vector atom model-Quantum numbers
associated with vector atom model; Zeeman effect –Experimental arrangement,Paschen-
Back effect and Stark effect (Elementary ideas only); Raman effect, Quantum theory of
Raman effect; Experimental arrangement to observe Raman effect and its applications.
UNIT-II :
2. Fundamentals of Quantum theory:(12 hrs)
Inadequacy of classical physics, spectral radiation, Plank’s quantum theory, Photoelectric
effect; Experimental demonstration, Laws of photoelectric emission- Threshold frequency
and work function; Einstein’s Photoelectric equation and its verification by Millikan’s
experiment ; Compton effect ( no derivation) and its experimental verification

UNIT-III:
3. Matter Waves and Uncertainty principle (12 hrs)
Dual nature of radiation- de Broglie’s theory of matter waves, expression for wavelength,
Properties of matter waves, Davisson and Germer experiment on electron diffraction –
Discussion of results, Wave velocity and group velocity.
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle for position and momentum (x and p), energy and time (E
and t); Experimental illustrations of uncertainty principle, Complementary principle of Bohr.

UNIT-IV:
4. Nuclear Physics (12 hrs)
Nuclear Structure: General Properties of Nuclei, Mass defect, Binding energy; Nuclear
forces: Characteristics of nuclear forces; Nuclear Models: Liquid drop model, The Shell
model, Magic numbers; Nuclear Radiation detectors: G.M. Counter, Cloud chamber, Solid
State detector; Elementary Particles: Elementary Particles and their classification

UNIT-V:
5. Nanomaterials:(7hrs)
Nanomaterials – Introduction, Electron confinement-Size effect-Surface to volume ratio;
Classification of nano materials– (0D, 1D, 2D); Examples: CNT, Graphene, nano wires;
Distinct properties of nano materials (Mention-mechanical, optical, electrical, and magnetic
properties); Applications of nanomaterials

6. Superconductivity: (5 hrs)
Superconductivity: Introduction ;Experimental facts, critical temperature , critical field,
Meissner effect ; Isotope effect ; Type I and type II superconductors ; BCS theory
(Elementary ideas only) ;Applications of superconductors
REFERENCE BOOKS

 B.Sc Physics, Vol.4, Telugu Academy, Hyderabad.

 Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy by G. Aruldhas. Prentice Hall of India, New
Delhi.
 Physics for Biology & Premedical Students –D.N. Burns & SG Mac Donald, Addison
Wiley.
 S.K. Kulkarni, Nanotechnology: Principles & Practices (Capital Publ.Co.)
 K.K. Chattopadhyay and A. N. Banerjee, Introduction to Nanoscience and
Technology(PHI Learning Priv.Limited).
 Nano materials, A K Bandopadhyay. New Age International Pvt Ltd (2007)
 Textbook of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, BS Murthy, P Shankar,
BaldevRaj,BBRath and J Murday- Universities Press-IIM
 Practical Course V: Modern Physics
Work load: 30 hrs 2 hrs/week

On successful completion of this practical course ,the student will be able to;

 measure charge of an electron ande/m value of an electron by Thomson method.

 understand how the Planck’s constant can be determined using Photocell and LEDs.
 study the absorption of α-rays and β-rays, Range of β-particles and the
characteristics of GM counter
 determine the Energy gap of a semiconductor using thermistor and junction diode.

Minimum of 6 experiments to be done and recorded:

1. e/m of an electron by Thomson method.

2. Determination of Planck’s Constant (photocell).
3. Verification of inverse square law of light using photovoltaic cell.
4. Determination of the Planck’s constant using LEDs of at least 4 different colours.
5. Determination of work function of material of filament of directly heated vacuum
diode.
6. Study of absorption of α-rays.
7. Study of absorption of β-rays.
8. Determination of Range of β-particles.
9. Determination of M & H.
10. Analysis of powder X-ray diffraction pattern to determine properties of crystals.
11. Energy gap of a semiconductor using junction diode.
12. Energy gap of a semiconductor using thermistor
13. GM counter characteristics
RECOMMENDED CO-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES:

MEASURABLE
1. Assignments (in writing and doing forms on the aspects of syllabus content and
outside the syllabus content. Shall be individual and challenging)
2. Student seminars (on topics of the syllabus and related aspects (individual activity)
3. Quiz (on topics where the content can be compiled by smaller aspects and data
(Individuals or groups as teams)
4. Field studies (individual observations and recordings as per syllabus content and
related areas (Individual or team activity) Study projects (by very small groups of
students on selected local real-time problems pertaining to syllabus or related areas.
The individual participation and contribution of students shall be ensured (team
activity)
GENERAL
1. Group Discussion
2. Visit to Research Stations and related industries
3. Others

RECOMMENDED ASSESSMENT METHODS

Some of the following suggested assessment methodologies could be adopted;

1. The oral and written examinations (Scheduled and surprise tests),
2. Practical assignments and laboratory reports,
3. Observation of practical skills,
4. Individual and group project reports,
5. Efficient delivery using seminar presentations,
6. Viva voce interviews.

***
NOTE:

1. The duration of the examination for each theory course is 3.00 hrs.
The duration of each practical examination is 3 hrs with 50 marks

2. Each course in theory is of 100 marks and practical course is of 50 marks.

 Semester End University Examination in Theory Course: 75 marks [ External
evaluation]
 Mid-Semester Examination in Theory Course at the college level: 25 marks [
Internal evaluation]

3. The University (external) examination for both Theory and Practical shall be
conducted at the end of each Semester.

4. In each semester the evaluation in Practical courses shall be done by an external

examiner appointed by the University.
There shall not be Internal valuation in any semester end practical examinations.

5. The candidate shall prepare and submit at the time of practical examination a certified
Record based on the practical course with a minimum of 6 experiments from each
semester.

6. Numerical Problems must be solved at the end of every chapter of all Units.

7. The minimum passing marks in each theory course is 40 (External:30 and Internal:10)
The minimum passing marks in each Practical/Lab course is 20.

8. The teaching work load per week for semesters I to IV is 4 hours for theory course
and 2 hours for all laboratory (practical) courses.

9. Visits to industry, national research laboratories, and scientific exhibitions should be

encouraged.
10. The syllabus for Practical courses is same for both Mathematics and Non-
Mathematics combinations.

11. The marks distribution for the Semester End practical examination is as follows:

(i) Formula/ Principle / Statement with explanation of symbols and 05

(ii) Diagram/Circuit Diagram / Tabular Columns … … … … … 10
(iii) Setting up of the experiment and taking readings/Observations 10
(iv) Calculations (explicitly shown) + Graph + Result with Units… 10
(v) Viva-voce … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 05
(vi) Class Records ( to be valued at the time of practical 10
Total Marks : 50
 B.Sc. PHYSICS
[For Non-Mathematics combinations]
w.e.f. 2020-21 (Revised in May 2020)
MODEL QUESTION PAPER COMMON FOR ALL FIVE THEORY COURSES

Time: 3 hrs Max marks: 75

SECTION-A
(Essay Type Questions) Marks: 5x10M = 50M
Answer All questions with internal choice from each Unit

1. Essay type question from Unit-I

Or
Essay type question from Unit-I

2. Essay type question from Unit-II

Or
Essay type question from Unit-II

3. Essay type question from Unit-III

Or
Essay type question from Unit-III

4. Essay type question from Unit-IV

Or
Essay type question from Unit-IV

5. Essay type question from Unit-V

Or
Essay type question from Unit-V
 SECTION-B
(Short Answer Type Questions) Marks: 5x5M = 25M
Answer any five out of the following ten questions

6. Short answer type question from Unit-I

7. Short answer type question from Unit-I
8. Short answer type question from Unit-II
9. Short answer type question from Unit-II
10. Short answer type question from Unit-III
11. Short answer type question from Unit-III
12. Short answer type question from Unit-IV
13. Short answer type question from Unit-IV
14. Short answer type question from Unit-V
15. Short answer type question from Unit-V

***
 SUBJECT EXPERTS
Prof.K.T.Rama Krishna Reddy
Dept of Physics,
S V University,
Tirupati

Dr.M.Ravi Kumar,
Lecturer in Physics,
Govt. Degree College,
Ananthapuram

SYLLABUS VETTED BY
Prof.R.Rama Krishna Reddy
Dept of Physics,
S K University,
Anantapur