Principles and Strategies of Teaching

1. Answer A. Individual accountability for learning is not an element of cooperative learning since group
accountability is promoted in this mode of learning.

2. Answer B. Sequencing events, critical reading and finding the main idea are all part of comprehension
skills except for recreational reading.

3. Answer D. Albert Bandura proposed a theory commonly known as Social Learning Theory which
primarily put emphasis on Modelling.

4. Answer A. Operant Conditioning focuses on the giving of REWARD to students to increase the
probabilities of repeating a desired behavior. In the case of Mrs. Cervantes, she would likely to give
them the “star token” as a form of reward to better increase class participation.

5. Answer D. A student who focuses more on the outside appearance of report rather than the content
of the report is guilty of the negative trait known as “porma over substance”

6. Answer A.

7. Answer D. The concept of individual Differences expects the teacher to provide varied learning
activities to suit the needs of the various learning style of the students.

8. Answer B. Coherence is a characteristic of the instructional plan that shows “inter-connectedness”

and smooth flow from beginning to the end.

9. Answer D. Evaluation is the culmination of the Goal-Oriented Instruction.

10. Answer C. Teachers must make students participate in every lesson by letting them recite even if
their answers are wrong because students tend to participate more if the teacher appreciates their
efforts and at the same time corrects them constructively.

11. Answer A. The arrangement of Krathwohls’ Affective Domain is Responding, Valuing, Organization
and Characterization.

12. Answer B. Expert power is shown when teacher makes his student feel that he is knowledgeable
about the lesson.

13. Answer D. Referent power is shown when teacher makes his students feel “important” and being a
part of the group the way they are

14. Answer D. Other example of signal interference is when the teacher put his index finger near the lips
to signal “silence”

15. Answer D. Reward power of teacher is the authority of teacher to give student grade that he/she
deserves.

16. Answer A. Participation during class discussion allows the students to feel an important member of
the group

17. Answer B. All are good classroom management except for B. Policies and rules should be applied
with consistency.
18. Answer D. Among the options, C is the only “low profile” way of classroom management.

19. Answer A. Classroom management teaches the students to develop self-control rather that
dependence on others to control their behavior.

20. Answer B. “In Loco Parentis” or “instead of parent” refers to the legal responsibility of a teacher to
take on some of the functions and responsibilities of a parent

21. Answer D. With-it-ness happens when teachers are perceived by students with “eyes at the back of
the head”. It means that the teacher is aware of all the things happening in the classroom.

22. Answer D. The easiest and simplest would oftentimes yield the best way to manage off task
behavior. Teacher need not to over-react to off task behavior, if it can be managed by a simple eye
contact then that would be the best thing to do.

23. Answer C. Referent power of teacher means that she accept the students the way they are. This is
the opposite of the traditional idea that teacher lives in “ivory tower”.

24. Answer A. Probing questions allow the teacher to dig deeper and find out more about the idea
presented by a student

25. Answer A. Quiet member should also be encouraged to share and participate. Teachers should
motivate these kinds of students by asking questions that can be answered by a simple “nod” or
“yes/no” questions.

26. Answer C. Teachers should provide activities for whole-brain thinking and not just one particular
learning dimension.

27. Answer D. Teachers should avoid being judgmental in conducting brainstorming since this will not
allow the students to freely express themselves.

28. Answer D. When students are able to critically evaluate a certain lesson then it is considered the
highest in Bloom’s Cognitive Taxonomy (Knowledge, Comprehension, Application, Analysis, Synthesis
Evaluation)

29. Answer A. Time line would be the most appropriate to use since this will graphically present the
Philippine literature in a chronological form.

30. Answer D. Teachers should not humiliate students.

31. Answer A. The ultimate test of good classroom management is if this can be applied in their daily
lives.

32. Answer A. Sequence Chain is the most appropriate graphic organize among the 4 options.

33. Answer A. Critiquing session allows the evaluation of member’s by the group and it encourages the
giving of constructive comments on how to improve the work.

34. Answer C. Coherence is shown when all the parts are connected and related

35. Answer D. First and foremost, the instructional aid should be suited to the objective of the lesson.
36. Answer C. Simulation allowed the students to put into use the lesson taught by the teacher.
Simulation game technique operates on the principle “I am what I should be”.

37. Answer D. Logical Mathematical skills can be best developed by Problem Solving activities.

38. Answer C. Punishment does not guarantee that it will remove the negative behavior from the child’s
repertoire of behavior.

39. Answer D. Drill method allows Mr. Sunglao’s students to repeat the procedures again and again
which will lead to mastery eventually.

40. Answer B. Durimg recitation, question must be asked first before calling name.

41. Answer B. Projective Technique allows the innermost thoughts of the students to come out. This
highly specialized technique is used on students by well-trained professionals.

42. Answer C. Anecdotal Record contains the significant/untoward incidents/report that happens with
students.

43. Answer A. One way of ensuring success is through effective lesson planning.

44. Answer D. Well managed class is shown when the students are actively involved to reach the goal.

45. Answer D. The statement negates the principle of individual differences.

46. Answer A. Intrapersonal intelligent pupils will learn best with activities that call for more time with
the self like independent study

47. Answer C. Venn Diagram is a graphic organizer used to compare and contrast

48. Answer D. Cooperative learning allows the students to work together thereby promoting teamwork.

49. Answer D. Fishbone Diagram is the most common graphic organizer to show cause and effect

50. Answer B. Device cannot teach by itself, therefore the teacher is still the BEST device.

51. Answer A. When identifying areas for professional development programs for teachers, it is
imperative that administrators consider whether such program will respond to the identified “needs”.
TNA (training needs analysis) is one technique administrators can use to identify the needs.

52. Answer C. Teachers should not make herself “aloof” from community because she can still maintain
objectively even if she is friendly with the community members.

53. Answer D. Studying the life of Filipino heroes allows the class to appreciate the country’s rich cultural
past.

54. Answer A. The above situation shows that proximity is one of the factors in considering affective
management.

55. Answer A. EFA or Education for All gives equal opportunities for all kinds of learners whether regular
or special. Inclusive education as part of EFA allows special students to have access regular schooling.
56. Answer D. Mock-up allows the students to manipulate the device therefore would be a more
effective material to use in the given situation.

57. Answer B. Realia should only be brought inside the room if it’s feasible. Ex. The teacher should not
bring venomous animals in the classroom if the topic is about reptiles.

58. Answer D. Model is a tangible and scaled replica of something. The globe is a very good example of a
model.

59. Answer A. Divergent questions allow the students to think more creatively since it is an open ended
type.

60. Answer D. Teacher should reinforce positive behavior so that students will also show positive
behavior.

61. Answer A. Watching demo allows the child to learn better rather than hearing/listening

62. Answer B. With-it-ness means the teacher should have an eye at the back of his head, therefore
should be aware of the things happening in the classroom

63. Answer B. Referent power means that teacher shows loving towards students

64. Answer B. Materials should be ready so that there will be smooth transition from activity. This will
also save time.

65. Answer A. Routine activities like the rules in getting materials and standing in line etc. should be
established during the first day of school.

66. Answer D. Low-profile discipline means that teacher manages misbehavior of students without
disrupting lesson. Ex. Signal interference and proximity

67. Answer A. The teacher should primarily consider appropriateness of the device to the lesson.

68. Answer A. Role playing allows the child to show his/her own personal emotions and therefore is a
good option when focusing on attitudinal change.

69. Answer D. Gardener encourages teachers to present the lesson in wide variety of ways and consider
the different intelligences of students.

70. Answer C. Use of reinforcement is the classic characteristic of operant conditioning advocated by BF
Skinner.

71. Answer B. Philips 66 is a technique wherein the group is divided into 6 groups and allows them to
discuss within 6 minutes.

72. Answer D. Closed ended questions limits the creativity of student response.

73. Answer D. Self-actualization is at the topmost of the hierarchy of needs.

74. Answer A. Kohlberg developed the Moral development theory and pioneered in the use of moral
dilemma technique.
75. Answer D. Albert Bandura developed the Social Learning Theory and advocated that “children learns
from what they see in the environment”.

76. Answer C. Jerome Bruner postulated that learning is a simultaneous process of acquisition,
transformation and evaluation.

77. Answer A. According to Erikson, during high school a person is faced with the dilemma of finding
his/her identity.

78. Answer D. Modeling or learning through observation is central to the Social Learning Theory of
Albert Bandura.

79. Answer B. Operant Conditioning Theory is being shown in the situation since the element of
“reward” (extra grades) is emphasized.

80. Answer D. When a student focuses more on designs and embellishments rather than content of a
report, then it shows “porma over substance”.

81. Answer D. Coherence or relatedness of elements and parts from the start to the end must be
observed in instructional plans.

82. Answer A. Krathwohl’s affective domain arrange in ascending order: receiving, responding, valuing,
organizing and characterization. Since receiving is not present in the options, responding can be
considered the lowest level.

83. Answer D. Criterion is defined as “an acceptable standard of performance”, it is also a statement
that indicates a degree of accuracy.

84. Answer A. Blooms taxonomy of Cognitive Domain arranged from lowest to the highest are the ff:
knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation.

85. Answer D. Graphic organizers have the following uses: make relationships among details, enabling
students to identify important ideas and details and represent stated information in concrete form.
Strengthening teamwork cannot be achieved by graphic organizers.

86. Answer A. A teacher as a classroom manager must exude a feeling of friendliness, warmth and
approachability but at the same time is highly demanding from his students. In doing so, the students
are encouraged to be at their best but still look at the teacher as someone whom they can lean on.

87. Answer C. When a teacher shows his/her students that he actively listens to them, it promotes more
student participation because students model their behavior after their teacher.

88. Answer B. Using both sides of the brain (left and right hemisphere) provides more learning

89. Answer C. Considering the options given, the best way to promote nationalism and sense of pride
among the youth is to re-study our history and stress on our achievements as a people.

90. Answer B. To make sure that the students understand the pre-requisite skills of the lesson, teacher
initially and usually checks and reviews the past lesson for proceeding to the new.
91. Answer B. Given the options, “knowing how to solve a problem” best resonates the idea that how
students learn is more important than what they actually learned.

92. Answer A. In consensus decision making, the teacher allows his students to arrive into one specific
plan of action through gathering the majority’s decision.

93. Answer D. Task analysis model follows the order: facts, concepts, principles, generalization.

94. Answer B. “An IPPD is a tool that serves as a guide for the professional’s continuous learning and
development. The IPPD is structured such that every professional regularly and individually prepares,
implements, monitors and updates the plan.” (DepEd IPPD Guide and Tools)

95. Answer C. All of the above encourage children to develop proper reading habits.

96. Answer D. IP Theory asserts that when learners treat information as personal and as part of his/her
schema then retrieving concepts contextually is a lot easier.

97. Answer B. Guidance is another way of “scaffolding” according to Lev Vygotsky.

98. Answer A. If teachers have a deep knowledge and understanding of content and pedagogical
strategies, then the better it is for students who are the end recipient of the process.

99. Answer B. Portfolio creation is one of the best way to practice outcome-based education.

100. Answer C. Shared values are synonymous with vision-core values

101. Answer D. All stakeholders should practice TQSM.

102. Answer A. Technical skill is a general term to address the competency needs of various industries.

103. Answer B. Highlighting uses colored writing instruments such as “Stabilo Highlighter” to emphasize
key points.

104. Answer A. Peer review allow classmate to critique another classmate’s work.

105. Answer D. Flexibility allow the students to show creativity. Creativity will not flourish in an
authoritarian/militaristic-style classroom.

106. Answer B. Global education slows students to be more accepting/tolerant of other cultures.

107. Answer D. Stakeholders are the key players of any system/organization/process

108. Answer D. all options are John Dewey’s concept.

109. Answer D. Quality educational system is adequate, complete and integrated.

110. Answer D. Enriching environment is something that allows a highly diverse class to optimize their
learning.

111. Answer D. ALS or Alternative Learning System allows the learners to learn lifelong learning through
real life activities and interactions.

112. Answer D. Fluent stage is wherein student is no longer dependent on pictures while reading.
113. Answer B. Among the situations, showing minimum effort in every task is a clear indication that the
child is underachieving.

114. Answer B. Food is basic need so therefore, student should not be reprimanded when being listless
due to hunger. We cannot expect student to learn unless his basic need (food) is met.

115. Answer A. Reactive is the opposite of Proactive

Curriculum Development

116. Answer A. Marsh and Wills. Caswell and Campbell viewed curriculum as “all experiences children
have under the guidance of teachers”; while John Dewey said “Curriculum is defined as the total
learning experience of the individual”

117. Answer C. i & iii. Course of study and syllabus are broader in content the course outline and
learning tasks.

118. Answer B. Essentialism. Perennialism- Teachers help students think with reason based on the
Socratic methods of oral exposition or recitation, explicit or deliberate teaching of traditional values;
Progressivism- Subjects are interdisciplinary, integrative, and interactive. Curriculum is focused on
students’ interest, human problems and affairs; Reconstructionism- Teachers as agents of change and
reform in various educational projects including research.

119. Answer D. Equality of educational opportunities in education, access to global education]; Item A
relates to Perennialism; B to Essentialism; and C to Progressivism

120. Answer A. Curriculum is child-centered. All of their views are on the child as the learner, and the
bottom line is that curriculum must foster learning.

121. Answer D. 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5; All of the statements are Tyler’s view of what a curriculum is.

122. Answer C. Behaviorist psychology. To the cognitive theorists, learning constitutes a logical method
for organizing and interpreting learning. To the humanistic psychologists, curriculum is concerned with
the process not the products; personal needs not subject matter; psychological meaning and
environmental situations.

123. Answer A. Social foundation of curriculum. Philosophical foundations help in answering what
schools are for, what subjects are important, how students should learn and what materials and method
should be used. Psychological foundations helps in answering what schools are for, what subjects are
important, how students should learn and what materials and methods should be used. The historical
development shows different changes in the purposes, principles and content of the curriculum.

124. Answer A. 1, 2, 3 & 4. A good curriculum possess all the above mentioned characteristics

125. Answer D. Written Curriculum. Recommended Curriculum- proposed by scholars and professional
organization; Hidden Curriculum- The unintended curriculum which is not deliberately planned but may
modify behavior or influence learning outcomes; and Taught Curriculum – what teachers implement or
deliver in the classrooms or schools.
126. Answer A. Objectives. Learning Experiences – What instructional strategies, resources and activities
will be employed; Content – What subject matter is to be included; and Evaluation approaches – What
methods and instruments will be used to assess the results of the curriculum.

127. Answer C. Interest; Significance – Which content or subject matter will contribute to basic ideas,
concepts, principles, and generalization to achieve the overall aim of the curriculum, then it is
significant. Learnability – Subject matter in the curriculum should be within the range of the experiences
of the learners. Utility – Usefulness of the content or subject matter may be relative to the learner who
is going to use it.

128. Answer D. a, b, & c. All of the above-mentioned considerations may be used in the selection of
learning content of a curriculum.

129. Answer B. Learning Experiences. Aims, Goals and Objectives – They provide the bases for the
selection of learning content and learning experiences. They also set the criteria against which learning
outcomes will be evaluated. Subject matter/Content- It is a compendium of facts, concepts
generalization, principles and theories. It is to the individual’s personal and social world and how he or
she defines reality. Evaluation approaches – refer to the formal determination of the quality,
effectiveness or value of the program, process, and product of the curriculum.

130. Answer D. Evaluation Approaches.

131. Answer C. Input – Context – refers to the environment of the curriculum or the real situation where
the curriculum is operating; Process – refers to the ways and means of how the curriculum has been
implemented; and Product – indicates if the curriculum accomplishes its goals.

132. Answer A. Hilda Taba. Ralph Tyler’s Model shows that in curriculum development the following
considerations should be made: Purpose of the school; Educational experiences related to the purpose;
Organization of experiences; and Evaluation of the experiences/outcomes

133. Answer D. 1, 2, 3 & 4. All of the above considerations should be made.

134. Answer C. Organizing. Planning – includes decisions about (a) the needs of the learners, (b) the
achievable goals and objectives to meet the needs, (c) the selection of the content to be taught, (d) the
motivation to carry out the goals, (e) the strategies most fit to carry out the goals, and (f) the evaluation
process to measure learning outcomes; Implementation – requires the teacher to implement what has
been planned; Evaluation Phase – a match of the objectives with the learning outcomes will be made.

135. Answer B. Child-centered Design; Humanistic Design – attributed to Abraham Maslow and Carl
Rogers, who said the development of the self is the ultimate objective of learning; Experience-centered
Design – experiences of the learners become the starting point of the curriculum; Problem-centered
Design – draws on social problems, needs, interests, and abilities of the learners

136. Answer A. Managerial Approach; Systems Approach – influenced by systems theory, where the
parts of the total school district or school are determined in terms of how they relate to each other;
Behavioral Approach – change of behavior indicates the measure of the accomplishment; and
Humanistic Approach – considers the whole child and believes that in a curriculum, the total
development of the individual is the prime consideration. The learner is at the center of the curriculum.
137. Answer D. Systems Approach; Refer to item 21 for rationalization of the options.

138. Answer A. Planning Phase; Evaluation Phase – a match of the objectives with the learning outcomes
will be made; Implementation Phase – requires the teacher to implement what has been planned; and
Process of Feedback and Reflection – to give information as to whether the three phases were
appropriately done and gave good results.

139. Answer D. 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5; All of the above listed are stakeholders

140. Answer D. A, B, & C; All of the above are Educational technology role in delivering the school
curriculum’s instructional program.

141. Answer A. Curriculum assessment. Pilot testing – a process of gathering empirical data to support
whether the material or the curriculum is useful, relevant, reliable and valid; Monitoring – a periodic
assessment and adjustment during the try out period; and Curriculum Evaluation – a systematic process
of judging the value, effectiveness and adequacy of a curriculum.

142. Answer D. Curriculum evaluation. Curriculum planning – includes decisions about; (a) the needs of
the learners. (b) the achievable goals and objectives to meet the needs, (c) the selection of the content
to be taught, (d) the motivation to carry out the goals, (e) the strategies most fit to carry out the goals,
and (f) the evaluation process to measure learning outcomes; Curriculum development – the process of
selecting, organizing, executing and evaluating the learning experiences on the basis of the needs,
abilities and interests of the learners, and on the basis of the nature of the society or community for the
possibilities of improving the teaching-learning situation; and Curriculum design – focuses on the
contents and purposes of the curriculum.

143. Answer A. Thematic teaching. Generic competency model – The subject specialist teaches his/her
subject and activities will draw on processes and skills important to each discipline’ Content-based
instruction – it is the integration of content learning with language teaching. The language curriculum is
centered on the academic needs and interests of the learners.

144. Answer A. BEC. K to 12 – RA 10533

145. Answer B. 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5. All of the listed items above are advocates of TEEP.

146. Answer A. CMO No. 30, s. 2004. RA 9155 – Governance of Basic Education Act of 2001; RA 6655 –
The Free Secondary Education Act

147. Answer C. RA 10533. RA 7836 – Professionalization of Teaching; RA 7610 – Special Protection of

Children against Abuse, Exploitation, and Discrimination Act.

148. Answer C. The Learning Environment. Diversity of Learners – emphasizes the ideal that teachers can
facilitate the learning process even with diverse learners, by recognizing and respecting individual
differences and by using knowledge about their differences to design diverse sets of learning activities to
ensure that all learners can attain the desired learning goals; Personal Growth and Professional
Development – emphasizes the ideal that teachers value having a high personal regard for the teaching
profession, concern for professional development, and continuous improvement as teachers; and Social
Regard for Learning – focuses on the ideal that teachers serve as positive and powerful role models of
the value in the pursuit of different efforts to learn.
149. Answer B. Community Linkages (Domain 6). The Learning Environment (Domain 2) – creates
environment that promotes fairness, safe and conducive to learning.

150. Answer D. Experiencing the Teaching-Learning Process. Learner’s Development and Environment –
the social, psychological, and physical environment supportive of learning; Technology in the Learning
environment – enrich the student’s experiences in developing and utilizing appropriate technology to
facilitate learning; Exploring the Curriculum – allow students to apply and verify knowledge gained on
curriculum development through exposure to the existing curriculum.

151. Answer C. Stage 3: Learning plan / Instruction. Stage 1: Identifying Results / Desired Outcomes –
Content/Performance Standards, Essential Understanding, Objectives – KSA, Essential Questions; and
Stage 2: Defining Acceptable Evidence / Assessment- Product / Performance, Assessment Criteria/ Tools)
Six Facets of Understanding (Explain, Interpret, Apply, Perspective, Empathy, Self-knowledge’s.

152. Answer D. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, & 6. All the above listed are salient features of k-12 curriculum.

153. Answer D. Medium of Instruction Rationalized. Every child a Reader by Grade I – by the end of SY
2015-2016 every child passing pre-school must be a reader by Grade I; Universal Pre-schooling for All –
All public school children (and all public schools) will have pre-schooling as their introduction to formal
schooling by 2016; and 12-Year Basic education Cycle- expand the basic education cycle from a short of
10-year cycle to a globally comparable 12 years before 2016.

154. Answer A. The 1987 Philippine Constitution (Section 1 Article IV) – “The state shall protect and
promote the right of all citizens to quality education at all levels, and shall take appropriate steps to
make such education accessible to all.”

155. Answer B. Learning and Innovation Skills, Information, Media and Technology Skills - To be
effective in the 21st century, citizens and workers must be able to exhibit a range of functional and
critical thinking skills related to information, media and technology; Life and Career skills – The ability to
navigate the complex life and work environments in the globally competitive information age requires
students to pay rigorous attention to developing adequate life and career skills.

156. Answer A. Grades 1 to 3. Medium of Instruction Rationalized – Support the UNESCO’s tried and
tested formula on mother tongue instruction; Use mother tongue as medium of instruction from pre-
school to Grade III.

157. Answer C. Stakeholders. Stakeholders are individuals or institutions that are interested in the
school curriculum. Their interest varies in degree and complexity. They get involve in many different
ways in the implementation because the curriculum affects them directly or indirectly.

158. Answer C. They may only supervise their children while they do their homework. Parents are the
best supporters of the school, especially because they are the ones paying for their child’s education.
Hence, they want to get the best of his/her investment in education. This has an implication to what
kind of curriculum is being offered in the school.

159. Answer B. Outcome-Based Education (OBE). OBE is an approach to education in which decisions
about the curriculum are driven by the exit learning outcomes that the students should display at the
end of the course. In OBE, Product defines Process. It can be summed up as “results-oriented thinking”
160. Answer D. 1, 2, & 3. All the above items characterizes BBL.

161. Answer B. Flexibility and Adaptability. Information Literacy and ICT Literacy are indicators of
information, Media and Technology Skills; and Creativity and Innovation – Learning and Innovation Skills.

162. Answer A. 2002 Basic Education Curriculum (BEC). The Department of Education, envisions every
learner to be functionally literate, equipped with life skills, appreciative of arts and sports and imbued
with the desirable values of a person who is makabayan, makatao, makakalikasan at maka-Diyos. This
vision is in line with DepEd’s mission to provide quality basic education that is equitably accessible to all
and lays the foundation for lifelong learning and service for the common good.

163. Answer B. Feedback and Reflection. Refer to Rationalize in item 48.

164. Answer A. Performance. Strategies and methods – describes how do the Teachers Teach;
Knowledge, skills and values – describes what do the Teachers Teach; and Community Partner –
describes with whom we do teach.

165. Answer B. Teachers

166. Answer C. Inclusive Education is practice to show “education-for-all” principle.

167. Answer D. Pre-school education provides solid foundation before the students commence his entry
to school.

168. Answer A. Grades 1 to 12 should be taught using the vernacular because based on research, the
students will learn faster at this stage if taught using the local language.

169. Answer B. Parents can provide insights and inputs on curriculum implementation and instruction
since they are also stakeholders.

170. Answer C. English is the universal language

Educational Technology

171. Answer C. [YES, because they are human invention and/or discoveries that satisfy educational
needs and desire like learning]; Inventions and discoveries such as devices, tools, equipment, activities,
procedures and processes satisfy educational needs and facilitate learning.

172. Answer A. [Technology integration]; B – Educational media are channels or avenues or instruments
of communication like books, magazines, television, internet, etc.; C – Instructional Technology – are
concerned with instruction as contrasted to designs and operations of educational institutions.

173. Answer D. [No, they differ in terms of degree and application to education]; Technology in
Education refers to the application of technology in the operation of education institutions; Instructional
technology is a systematic way of designing, carrying out, and evaluating the total process of learning
and teaching in terms of specific objectives”; and Technology Integration means using learning
technologies to introduce, reinforce, supplement and extend skills.

174. Answer A. [1, 2 & 3]; All of them because educational technology includes the entire process of
setting of goals, the continuous reforms of curriculum, the tryout of new methods and materials, the
evaluation of the system as an integrated whole and resetting of goals on the basis of the findings of
evaluation and innovation.

175. Answer C. [‘techne’]; The Greek word ‘techne’ means craft or art. Technique has the same origin
with ‘tehne’. Hence, it may be used to refer educational technology as techniques of the educator.

176. Answer B. [1, 2, 3, & 4]; Integrating technology in the instructional process must be geared towards
all of the statements in item 6.

177. Answer D. [The constructivist]; Constructivists perceive educational technology as a partner in the
learning process, for it makes the learner gather, think, analyze, synthesize information and construct
meaning with what technology presents.

178. Answer A. [Computer-mediated communication (CMC)]; CMC involves teacher/tutor facilitation

and requires scenarization of flexible learning activities; CBT/CBL usually means individualized (self-
study) learning; CAI – Instructional techniques that vary both instruction and time according to learner
requirements.

179. Answer D. [The planning of the lesson]; The planning of the lesson is just a part of the process of
instruction. The Phases of the systematic approach to teaching may be reduced to three, such as;
formulation of instructional objectives; the process of instruction itself; and the assessment of learning,
which will once more lead to the formation of instructional objectives.

180. Answer A. [1, 2, & 3]; Activities and technology for instruction must be appropriate to the lesson
objectives, the learners, and the nature of the lesson content.

181. Answer A. [1]; Incorporating technology in the classroom enhances student motivation.

182. Answer D. [1, 2 & 3]; all the above are implications of the Cone of Experience, which stated that
learning is from the concrete to the abstract, from the abstract to the concrete and from the abstract to
the concrete again. Thus it becomes a cycle.

183. Answer B. [It serves as a presenter of knowledge just like teachers]; A, C, & D- They are the
constructivists view of the role of educational technology in learning.

184. Answer C. [Constructivism]; Cognitivism – explains brain-based learning; Behaviorism – focused on

functional analysis of verbal behavior where programmed instruction was based.

185. Answer B. [Psychomotor experience]; Dale’s research led to the development of the Cone of
Experience, which also became the basis of “learning-by-doing-“ and/or recently known as “experiential
learning” or “action learning.”

186. Answer B. [beginning with the concrete, then uses pictures then finally symbols]; the learners are
taught through a sequence of actions, then through a series of illustrations and through a series of
symbols (enactive to iconic to symbolic)

187. Answer A. [Technology as context to support learning-by-doing.]; B – learners produce organized,

multimedia knowledge bases; C – technology help learners to articulate and represent what they know;
and D – technology for accessing needed information.
188. Answer D. [Technology as a social medium to support learning by conversing]; technology is a tool
for collaborating with others, and for supporting discourse among knowledge-building communities.

189. Answer D. [1, 2, & 3]; All the three items characterizes the developments mentioned in the
preceding statements.

190. Answer B. [1, 2, 3 & 4]; the items listed above are four of the most frequent reasons given for using
technology for teaching and learning.

191. Answer C. [No, because there is no integrative process involved]; were use of the computer does
not mean technology has already been integrated in instruction especially if it use does not relate at all
to education.

192. Answer B. [The teacher used power point presentation with instead video clips in teaching];
Integrating technology with teaching means the use of learning technologies to introduce, reinforce,
supplement and extend skills.

193. Answer D. [a, b, & c]; All of the above mentioned. Technologies can be currently used in traditional
classrooms, including other technologies like class blogs and wikis, wireless microphones, mobile
devices, interactive whiteboards, digital video-on-demand, online media, online study tools, podcasts,
etc.

194. Answer A. [Chalkboard/blackboard]; Horace Mann, a noted American educator, once said,”… in no
country have I ever seen a good school without a blackboard, or a successful teacher who did not use it
frequently.

195. Answer C. [Mass media]; News print, cable television, advertising are examples of mass media that
serve as medium of information and communication.

196. Answer A. [All of them]; As implied in Edgar Dale’s Cone of Experience, a teacher should not only
used one medium of communication in isolation, but rather use many instructional materials. All of the
above listed are visual instructional symbols that can be used in teaching.

197. Answer D. [Model]; Models are three-dimensional objects used to represent real things; a cartoon
tells a story metaphorically ; a diagram is a line drawing that shows arrangements and relations as of
parts to the whole; and a map is a representation of some parts of the Earth or some parts of it.

198. Answer A. [Strip drawings]; Strip drawings are commonly called comics or comic strips according to
Dale (199).

199. Answer C. [Flow chart]; Gantt chart - it is an actively time chart; Organization chart – shows how
one part of the organization relates to the other parts; and time chart – is a tabular that presents data in
ordinal sequence.

200. Answer B. [Circle or Pie graph]; Pie graph – recommended for showing parts of whole; bar graph –
used in comparing the magnitude of similar items at different entities or seeing relative sizes of the parts
of a whole; and pictorial graph – makes se of picture symbols.

201. Answer A. [Bar graph]; (Refer to item number 30 for rationalization.

202. Answer C. [Virtual field trips]; Social action projects – a kind of Internet-based project that has kids
creating solutions of local, regional, national and international problems; Telementoring – Pairing a
student with a space scientist so the student can get first-hand information on recent developments;
Keypals project – This is a way to get kids communicating with their peers to improve communication
skills and exchange information.

203. Answer A. [1 only]; Never use copyrighted items unless you credit the source site.

204. Answer A. [World Wide Web]; the World Wide Web (WWW) is an interconnected system of
electronic pages containing almost everything.

205. Answer D. [Skype]; e-Mail – an electronic mail sent via the internet through a computer; Google –
an internet search engine; Twitter – a social media network.

206. Answer C. [Software]; Desktop – a computer nit; Hardware – physically parts of computer unit;
Courseware – a prepared curricular or course guide.

207. Answer A. [Chat Room]; Browser – A software package that allows one to look at information on
the internet in graphics rather than just time format; E-mail address – Series of symbols or letters that
act as an address for a site on the internet, and Avatar – a 3-D image that a person can choose to
represent himself in virtual reality.

208. Answer D. [Hologram ; GPS (Global Positioning System – an instrument that uses a satellites to
pinpoint exact location; GUI (Graphic User Interface) – a software that displays option to user in graphic
format consisting of menus and icons, and Audio-visual – a material while combined sounds and video.

209. Answer C. (MPEG); MPEG (Motion Picture Experts Group); JPEG ((Joint Photographic Experts Group)
– a file format for storing and sending graphic images on a network; HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
the primary programming language used to develop web pages; PDF (Portable Document Format) – a
file format invented by Adobe systems to save documents in smaller file size and retains the original
look of the original layout, fonts, and other graphic elements.

210. Answer B. [pdf]; bmp – (bitmap) THE BMP format is a commonly used graphic format for saving
image files; html – The primary programming language used to develop web pages.

211. Answer A. [an HTML editor]; FTP software – (File Transfer Protocol) A way of transferring file (on
the internet) from one computer to another; server software – A server is a system that responds to
requests across a computer network to provide, or help to provide, a network service; and a browser – A
software package that allows one to look at information on the internet in graphic rather than just text
format.

212. Answer A. [Match]; Content like text and images on a slide or page must be coherent to make them
meaningful and readable.

213. Answer B. [Middle level integration]; Simple / Basic Integration – There is no substantial change in
the teaching-learning process from previous method. While technology helps, it does not play a pivotal
role; Middle level Integration – there is purposeful use of technology to support key learning areas; High
level Integration – In these examples, technology is the central; instruction tool.
214. Answer D. [ 3 ]; High level Integration – technology is the central instructional tool; Middle level
Integration – there is purposeful use of technology to support key learning areas; Simple / Basic
Integration – There is no substantial change in the teaching-learning process from previous method.
While technology helps, it does not play a pivotal role.

215. Answer A. [Meaningful learning]; Meaningful Learning gives focus to new experiences that are
related to what the learner already knows.

216. Answer C. [Constructivism]; Constructivism – the learner builds a personal understanding through
appropriate learning activities and a good learning environment.

217. Answer A. [1 only]; Discovery Learning – students perform tasks to uncover what is to be learned.

218. Answer B. [video clip]; Multimedia – an audiovisual package that includes more than one
instructional media (means of knowing) such as text, graphics, audio animation, video clip; Hypermedia
– is a multimedia packaged as an educational computer software where information is presented and
student activities are integrated in a virtual learning environment.

219. Answer C. [1, & 2]; Learner controlled – means the learner makes his own decisions on the path,
flow or events of instruction. The learner has control on such aspects as sequence, pace, content, media,
feedback, etc. that he/she may encounter in the hypermedia learning program; Learner wide range of
navigation routes – for the most part, the learner controls the sequence and pace of his path depending
on his ability and motivation.

220. Answer D. Productivity tool.