Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León

Facultad de Trabajo Social y Desarrollo Humano

COMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN ENGLISH

Porfolio of evidence #1

Teacher: Merary Llano Serna

Name: Karla Elizabeth Hernández Acevedo

Group: 9 ‘’B’’
Index
Narrative text..............................................................................................................3
Scientific text..............................................................................................................5
Expository text...........................................................................................................6
Literary text................................................................................................................8
Descriptive text..........................................................................................................9
Bibliography.............................................................................................................11
 Text types of paragraphs

Narrative text
The purpose of narrative text is generally to entertain, inform or express ideas. Its
sub-types include fables, memoirs, and adventure stories. Narrative text most often
has a five-part structure. Stylistically, narratives can be described in many ways,
including comic, tragic, sentimental, reflective, and ironic.

Purpose

The purpose of a narrative is usually to entertain through story-telling. Details, such

as exotic settings, intricate plots and finely drawn characters can add to the appeal
of the story. Narratives also communicate ideas about the meaning of life, families,
morals, values, and spirituality.

Sub-Types

Narrative text is often classified by sub-types or genres. Some common narrative

genres include detective fiction, historical narratives, memoirs, science fiction,
fables, and myths. Each genre contains its own narrative tropes, plot devices and
character types.

Structure

Narratives commonly have a five-part structure (sometimes called Freytag's

Pyramid) comprising an exposition, rising action, climax, falling action and
denouement. More complex narratives can employ sub-structures, digressions,
flashbacks, back story, and multiple perspectives.

Style

The style of a narrative is a choice made by the author based in part on text's
genre, purpose, and structure. For example, a detective story written for
entertainment and employing a conventional five-part structure, may have a style
which is witty, fast-paced, and ironic. A memoir about growing up during China's
Cultural Revolution, written to educate readers and communicate ideas about the
meaning of an historical event, may have a style that is reflective, tragic, and dense
(Phillips, 2010).

Summary

To continue we will talk about of the narrative text. This type of the text is a text
that can be informative for example journalistic news daily or books that has
information of education for the school and so the students can learn, also there
are texts of entertain for example the novels, the jokes or fables, memoirs,
adventure stories for children.

The narrative text has five-parts structure. This can describe of several ways for
example sentimental in books of novels, in reflective can be in moral of the stories
or tragic as horror stories.

The purpose of a narrative text is that the readers have an interest for the topic,
and they are entertaining. This text can be real or of fiction, an example of real can
be journalistic news and of fiction is a horror story in where there are characters
fiction. Also, can be ideas of the life, family, morals, and values, so the readers will
have more interest for this text.

The narrative text has a place in specific, a time and a space. It is classified by
genres. The genres of this texts are historial narratives, memoirs, science fiction,
fables, and myths. For each gender there are type of readers, for example history
narratives can be read for adults or adolescents depending on the interest, the
fables, and myths this can be read for children, because each gender has a
different interest.

The narrative text has a five-parts structure sometimes is called as Freytag’s

Pyramid, these structures are conformed for

- Exposition: Start of story

- Rising action: Presentation of problems.
- Climax: Conflict more difficult of the story.
- Falling action: Take a decision for the end.
- Denouement: Story conclusions.
Scientific text
Scientific texts are a part of informative texts as they provide information for their
readers. The purpose of such texts is to discuss a scientific problem which forms
the subject of their study. Therefore, in a scientific text, the problem should be
stated clearly to make the readers comprehend the crucial point of the research
(Şenöz-Ayata, 2005).

Scientific texts provide meta-language and readers should have background

knowledge to understand them. In a scientific text, it is also possible to come
across some technical terms which can only be understood by target readers.

In addition to these properties, target readers also may need the ability of
interpretation while reaching to a conclusion during the reading process. Therefore,
scientific texts include a common message for its readers different from some other
kind of texts such as stories, poems, etc. The author Ögeyik (2004) refers to the
degree of interpretation of texts in a reader focused approach which is common in
written texts. However scientific texts do not permit different interpretations since
they include a certain message for the readers (Gamze, 2015).

Summary

The Scientifics texts are very interesting for the reader because those texts have
many information, and this information is util for the readers. A scientific text can be
about o theories, concepts, or other topic based in the scientific knowledge for a
specially language. Those text are referring to an investigation, for explain an
investigation of a scientific text there are several steps to follow. First the
development of investigation’s process, the data, results, and conclusions. Also,
can be a scientific problem that was studied.

The texts must express clearly step for step for that the readers can understand
perfectly and correctly. For that a reader can understand those texts they should
know several factors and have knowledge of this topic, problem or investigation
they should relations with the topic, because these texts are difficult factors. In
those same texts also, there are technology factors that just the reader with
knowledge of this topic can will understand.

These texts have specifics characteristic for example the language is specific to
the topic spoken it, has a lexicon refer to this topic, other characteristic is the
objective have as objective based in concretes data transmit the reality to the
reader and last characteristic give a knowledge to the reader of clearly way.

Expository text
An expository text is intended to identify and characterise experiences, facts,
situations, and actions in either abstract or real elements. Expository texts are
meant to explain, inform, or describe and they are the most frequently use to write
structures. Expository structures can be classified into five categories:

 Description, where the author describes a topics characteristic, features,

attributes, etc., and gives examples.
 Procedure or sequence: the author lists different activities in their
chronological order or enumerates items in a numerical order.
 Comparison: the author explains how two or more objects, events,
experiences, are alike and/or different.
 Cause-effect explanation: the author presents ideas, events in time, or facts
as causes and the resulting effect(s) in time.
 Problem-solution presentation: the author describes a problem and gives
one or more solutions to the problem.

In the expository category, the non-fictional texts have specific role to inform or to
teach the readers. They can come in a various formats, depending on the area of
use:

 Business: reports, letters, executive summaries.

 Journalism: essays, news reports, press releases, sports news.
 Technical communication: user guides, technical reports, or standards.
 Academic and scientific communication: textbooks, student guides, scientific
reports, scientific journals’ articles, encyclopedia articles.
  General reference works: encyclopedia articles, or on-line, multi-domain
informative texts. (2014)

Summary

The expository texts are a type of text that can be use for an explain or information,
also are use for describe it. When utilized the expository text identify and
characterise several experiences, situations, facts, or real elements. This type of
text is the useest for write structures.

There are structures in the expository text, these structures can be classified into
five categories. The following are the categories:

 Description: In this text, the author explains a topic and for explain that
topic, he can describe it with its characteristics, elements, attributes and, he
can give examples.
 Sequence: In this text the author can order or enumerate an activities list.
 Comparation: This category is about of explains the differences or alike
between two or more objects, events etc.
 Cause-effect explanation: In this text the author explains refent the causes
and effects that did in the time.
 Problem-solution: It is a category very easy of explain, because in this
category the author describes a problem, the problems can be difficult or
easy, and later the author have to give one or more solutions for this
problem.

In this category called ‘’expository’’, some texts for example the non-fictional texts
have a specific role that are inform or teach the readers. These formats are
especially for the readers. For the people that like read, listen and analyze. They
pay attention to these formats.

This can be in various formats. The formats depend the of use.

Each format is different, for business are the reports, the letters etc., later is the
Journalism here can be new reports, sports, news, in the technical communication
is used the user guides or standards, also is the Academic and scientific
communication here are textbooks, student guides, articles etc., and General
reference work, encyclopedia articles.

Literary text
A literary text is a genre of literature that transmits a message artistically and
creatively. Literary texts focus on both content and form. The authors of this kind of
texts use a stylistic language and idiosyncratic style to present reality or tackle
phenomena. Although literary texts have one common objective and work in the
same way, there are different types of literary texts. Such these types are the
narrative text, literary description, literary recount, personal response text, and
finally the review text.

Among other types of literary texts, there are literary recount and review. Literary
recount works retell events from stories, plays, films, and personal experiences to
entertain others. To make it more interesting as well as appealing, authors of
literary recounts sequence their recounts starting by background information, then,
describing the events in time order, and finally, they may end the retold story with a
personal comment about the events or characters. Among the well-known recount
works, there is the fairy tale of Gingerbread Man. On the other hand, a review text
does not retell another text in different words, but it summarizes, analyzes, and
assesses the appeal of a novel, play or film, to a broader audience. Reviews
usually tend to describe features, such as characters, plot, situation, etc., that may
or may not appeal to the reader. For instance, comments on books, films, and
plays are an example of reviews. However, a review of a certain work differs from a
personal response text. The latter is a literary text too, but there is a slight
difference between the two of them (Elghali, 2019).

Summary

A literary text is based in literature genre the what transmits a message, has two
ways of transmits this message can be way artistically or way creatively.

The authors are referred to these texts as artworks, these texts have a big stylistic
language and idiosyncratic style for the reality.
The literary texts have different types as narrative text, literary description, literary
recount, personal response text, and finally the review text. These texts can be
poems or phrases with some significate for the author.

The authors when write this type of text he has a big inspiration also write literary
recount works retell events from stories, plays, films, and personal experiences
those have a purpose of the author, what is this purpose? Is entertain to other
people as the readers.

The authors have their way for write those literary texts, for do more interesting and
attractive they divided the relate in some parts, for end the story they do a personal
commentary about of events or characters.

Descriptive text
The author Darmayanti (2007) states the text or paragraph description is a reading
text that is prepared to describe or to describe an experience, hearing, touch,
smell, and feelings about a situation or problem.

In making the description text, the writer tries to move his impressions,
observations, and feelings to the reader by conveying the nature and details found
from the object.

The author Darmayanti (2008) states the description paragraph is a paragraph that
describes an object based on observation. Imaging is meant to see, hear, smell,
and feel. The reader is expected to be able to equate the image in himself with the
image of the author.

The author Sutarni and Sukardi (2008) stated the characteristics of descriptive
paragraphs, namely:

- Concerning the purpose of the appearance of an impression based on the

effects of the five senses.
- Describe or describe an object, thing, or event as an object.
- Requires factual data to illustrate, to clarify the description.
- Use development patterns in the order of space.
- Explores the source of ideas or ideas based on observation or observation.
Purpose of the Description Paragraph

Writing a paragraph certainly has a specific purpose. No different from the

description paragraph. The purpose of descriptive paragraphs is to make the
reader feel as if he can feel and see the object described by the writer (Tim Guru
Indonesia, 2016).

The author Sutarni and Sukardi (2008) state the main purpose of the paragraph
description is to create the influence of the five senses of the reader to produce a
certain impression based on reasoning and imagination (Sam, 2018).

Summary

The next text is known as descriptive text.

The authors told that this is a text which has many factors for the readers because
when those people read the text can feeling the experience, they can Imaginate in
that moment, or hearing, touch, smell, and feelings about a situation.

When the author makes the descriptive text, he does with that purpose, that the
reader can enter in the context of text, and he can understand it perfectly.

For the descriptive text is used some object or thing that was observed for the
author for he can describe it and the reader can imagine or visualize that object or
thing.

Two authors told that a of there are several characteristics that has the descriptive
texts.

For example, the following three characteristics:

- Apparency for the reader based in effects of five sense.

- Describe an object, thing, events, person, animal, or a description of other type
of text.
- For the descriptive text is necessary data to illustrate, for clarify the description.
For those authors the purpose of a descriptive text is that the reader can imagen
the object, thing, event that he reads, that the reader has the feeling, the
experience and illustrious the text. Also, that he can feeling identify with the text.

Also, those authors want that the reader wake up their five sense, for he will be an
impression and an imagination.

Bibliography
Elghali, O. (2019). Literary texts and their types. Recovered from:
https://medium.com/@AitOumgharElghali/literary-texts-and-their-types-5e33b3c9ec43

Gamze, I. (2015). International Association of Research. Recovered from:

https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/articlefile/296314#:~:text=Scientific%20texts%20are
%20a%20part,the%20subject%20of%20their%20study

Phillips, C. (2010). Pen&pad. Recovered from: https://penandthepad.com/characteristics-

african-american-literature-8595869.html

Sam, A. (2018). Characteristics of Descriptive Text. Recovered from:

https://notesread.com/characteristics-descriptive-text