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Exercise 3.1 Page No: 3.4: RD Sharma Solutions For Class 12 Maths Chapter 3 Binary Operation

The document discusses binary operations on different sets. It provides examples of operations that do and do not define binary operations based on whether the operation maps every pair of elements in the set to another element in the set. It also solves problems determining if specific operations define binary operations and calculating the total number of binary operations for a given set.

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94 views5 pages

Exercise 3.1 Page No: 3.4: RD Sharma Solutions For Class 12 Maths Chapter 3 Binary Operation

The document discusses binary operations on different sets. It provides examples of operations that do and do not define binary operations based on whether the operation maps every pair of elements in the set to another element in the set. It also solves problems determining if specific operations define binary operations and calculating the total number of binary operations for a given set.

Uploaded by

Jeffrish raidn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 3

Binary Operation

Exercise 3.1 Page No: 3.4

1. Determine whether the following operation define a binary operation on the given
set or not:
(i) '*' on N defined by a * b = ab for all a, b ∈ N.
(ii) 'O' on Z defined by a O b = ab for all a, b ∈ Z.
(iii) '*' on N defined by a * b = a + b - 2 for all a, b ∈ N
(iv) '×6' on S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} defined by a ×6 b = Remainder when a b is divided by 6.
(v) ‘+6’ on S = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} defined by a +6 b

(vi) '⊙' on N defined by a ⊙ b= ab + ba for all a, b ∈ N


(vii) ‘*’ on Q defined by a * b = (a – 1)/ (b + 1) for all a, b ∈ Q

Solution:
(i) Given '*' on N defined by a * b = ab for all a, b ∈ N.
Let a, b ∈ N. Then,
ab ∈ N [∵ ab≠0 and a, b is positive integer]
⇒a*b∈N
Therefore,
a * b ∈ N, ∀ a, b ∈ N
Thus, * is a binary operation on N.

(ii) Given 'O' on Z defined by a O b = ab for all a, b ∈ Z.


Both a = 3 and b = -1 belong to Z.
⇒ a * b = 3-1
= 1/3 ∉ Z
Thus, * is not a binary operation on Z.

(iii) Given '*' on N defined by a * b = a + b - 2 for all a, b ∈ N


If a = 1 and b = 1,
a*b=a+b-2
=1+1-2
=0∉N
Thus, there exist a = 1 and b = 1 such that a * b ∉ N
So, * is not a binary operation on N.
RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 3
Binary Operation

(iv) Given '×6' on S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} defined by a ×6 b = Remainder when a b is divided by 6.


Consider the composition table,
X6 1 2 3 4 5
1 1 2 3 4 5
2 2 4 0 2 4
3 3 0 3 0 3
4 4 2 0 4 2

5 5 4 3 2 1

Here all the elements of the table are not in S.


⇒ For a = 2 and b = 3,
a ×6 b = 2 ×6 3 = remainder when 6 divided by 6 = 0 ≠ S
Thus, ×6 is not a binary operation on S.

(v) Given ‘+6’ on S = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} defined by a +6 b

Consider the composition table,


+6 0 1 2 3 4 5

0 0 1 2 3 4 5
1 1 2 3 4 5 0

2 2 3 4 5 0 1

3 3 4 5 0 1 2

4 4 5 0 1 2 3

5 5 0 1 2 3 4

Here all the elements of the table are not in S.


⇒ For a = 2 and b = 3,
RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 3
Binary Operation

a ×6 b = 2 ×6 3 = remainder when 6 divided by 6 = 0 ≠


Thus, ×6 is not a binary operation on S.

(vi) Given '⊙' on N defined by a ⊙ b= ab + ba for all a, b ∈ N


Let a, b ∈ N. Then,
ab, ba ∈ N
⇒ ab + ba ∈ N [∵Addition is binary operation on N]
⇒a⊙b∈N
Thus, ⊙ is a binary operation on N.

(vii) Given ‘*’ on Q defined by a * b = (a – 1)/ (b + 1) for all a, b ∈ Q


If a = 2 and b = -1 in Q,
a * b = (a – 1)/ (b + 1)
= (2 – 1)/ (- 1 + 1)
= 1/0 [which is not defined]
For a = 2 and b = -1
a * b does not belongs to Q
So, * is not a binary operation in Q.

2. Determine whether or not the definition of * given below gives a binary operation.
In the event that * is not a binary operation give justification of this.
(i) On Z+, defined * by a * b = a – b
(ii) On Z+, define * by a*b = ab
(iii) On R, define * by a*b = ab2
(iv) On Z+ define * by a * b = |a − b|
(v) On Z+ define * by a * b = a
(vi) On R, define * by a * b = a + 4b2
Here, Z+ denotes the set of all non-negative integers.

Solution:
(i) Given On Z+, defined * by a * b = a – b
If a = 1 and b = 2 in Z+, then
a*b=a–b
=1–2
= -1 ∉ Z+ [because Z+ is the set of non-negative integers]
For a = 1 and b = 2,
a * b ∉ Z+
RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 3
Binary Operation

Thus, * is not a binary operation on Z+.

(ii) Given Z+, define * by a*b = a b


Let a, b ∈ Z+
⇒ a, b ∈ Z+
⇒ a * b ∈ Z+
Thus, * is a binary operation on R.

(iii) Given on R, define by a*b = ab2


Let a, b ∈ R
⇒ a, b2 ∈ R
⇒ ab2 ∈ R
⇒a*b∈R
Thus, * is a binary operation on R.

(iv) Given on Z+ define * by a * b = |a − b|


Let a, b ∈ Z+
⇒ | a – b | ∈ Z+
⇒ a * b ∈ Z+
Therefore,
a * b ∈ Z+, ∀ a, b ∈ Z+
Thus, * is a binary operation on Z+.

(v) Given on Z+ define * by a * b = a


Let a, b ∈ Z+
⇒ a ∈ Z+
⇒ a * b ∈ Z+
Therefore, a * b ∈ Z+ ∀ a, b ∈ Z+
Thus, * is a binary operation on Z+.

(vi) Given On R, define * by a * b = a + 4b2


Let a, b ∈ R
⇒ a, 4b2 ∈ R
⇒ a + 4b2 ∈ R
⇒a*b∈R
Therefore, a *b ∈ R, ∀ a, b ∈ R
Thus, * is a binary operation on R.
RD Sharma Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 3
Binary Operation

3. Let * be a binary operation on the set I of integers, defined by a * b = 2a + b − 3. Find


the value of 3 * 4.

Solution:
Given a * b = 2a + b – 3
3 * 4 = 2 (3) + 4 – 3
=6+4–3
=7

4. Is * defined on the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} by a * b = LCM of a and b a binary operation?


Justify your answer.

Solution:
LCM 1 2 3 4 5

1 1 2 3 4 5

2 2 2 6 4 10

3 3 5 3 12 15

4 4 4 12 4 20

5 5 10 15 20 5

In the given composition table, all the elements are not in the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
If we consider a = 2 and b = 3, a * b = LCM of a and b = 6 ∉ {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
Thus, * is not a binary operation on {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.

5. Let S = {a, b, c}. Find the total number of binary operations on S.

Solution:
Number of binary operations on a set with n elements is
Here, S = {a, b, c}
Number of elements in S = 3
Number of binary operations on a set with 3 elements is

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