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04 Problems AC Machinery Fundamentals

A three-phase system of currents supplied to three coils spaced 120 degrees apart on a stator will produce a uniform rotating magnetic field within the stator. The direction of rotation can be reversed by swapping the connections of any two phases. For stators with more than two poles, one mechanical rotation produces multiple electrical cycles, with the number depending on the number of poles. The chapter also describes losses in AC machines and defines voltage and speed regulation.

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94 views3 pages

04 Problems AC Machinery Fundamentals

A three-phase system of currents supplied to three coils spaced 120 degrees apart on a stator will produce a uniform rotating magnetic field within the stator. The direction of rotation can be reversed by swapping the connections of any two phases. For stators with more than two poles, one mechanical rotation produces multiple electrical cycles, with the number depending on the number of poles. The chapter also describes losses in AC machines and defines voltage and speed regulation.

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saif thuraon
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER 4 AC Machinery Fundamentals

A three-phase system of currents supplied to a system of three coils spaced


120 electrical degrees apart on a stator will produce a uniform rotating magnetic field
within the stator. The direction of rotation of the magnetic field can be reversed
by simply swapping the connections to any two of the three phases. Conversely, a
rotating magnetic field will produce a three-phase set of voltages within such a set
of coils.
In stators of more than two poles, one complete mechanical rotation of the mag-
netic fields produces more than one complete electrical cycle. For such a stator, one
mechanical rotation produces PI2 electrical cycles. Therefore, the electrical angle of
the voltages and currents in such a machine is related to the mechanical angle of the
magnetic fields by

The relationship between the electrical frequency of the stator and the mechanical
rate of rotation of the magnetic fields is

The types of losses that occur in AC machines are electrical or copper losses
(12R losses), core losses, mechanical losses, and stray losses. Each of these losses
was described in this chapter, along with the definition of overall machine efficiency.
Finally, voltage regulation was defined for generators as

and speed regulation was defined for motors as

4.9 1 QUESTIONS
4-1. What is the principal difference between a synchronous machine and an
induction machine?
4-2. Why does switching the current flows in any two phases reverse the
direction of rotation of a stator's magnetic field?
4-3. What is the relationship between electrical frequency and magnetic field
speed for an AC machine?
4-4. What is the equation for the induced torque in an AC machine?
Electric Machinery and Power System Fundamentals

4.10 1 PROBLEMS
4-1. Develop a table showing the speed of magnetic field rotation in AC
machines of 2 , 4 , 6 , 8, 10, 12, and 14 poles operating at frequencies of
50,60, and 400 Hz.
4-2. A three-phase four-pole winding is installed in 6 slots on a stator. There are
80 turns of wire in each slot of the windings. All coils in each phase are
connected in series, and the three phases are connected in A. The flux per
pole in the machine is 0.060 Wb, and the speed of rotation of the magnetic
field is 3600 rlmin.
a. What is the frequency of the voltage produced in this winding?
b. What are the resulting phase and terminal voltages of this stator?
4-3. A three-phase Y-connected 50-Hz two-pole synchronous machine has a
stator with 2000 turns of wire per phase. What rotor flux would be required
to produce a terminal (line-to-line) voltage of 6 kV?
4-4. Modify the MATLAB in Example 4-1 by swapping the currents flowing in
any two phases. What happens to the resulting net magnetic field?
4-5. If an AC machine has the rotor and stator magnetic fields shown in Figure
P4-1, what is the direction of the induced torque in the machine? Is the
machine acting as a motor or generator?

Figure P4-I I The AC machine of Problem 4-5.

4-6. The flux density distribution over the surface of a two-pole stator of
radius r and length 1 is given by
B = BMCOS(U,~
- CY) (4-27)
CHAPTER 4 AC Machinery Fundamentals

Prove that the total flux under each pole face is

4.11 REFERENCES
1. Chapman, Stephen J.: Electric Machinery Fundamentals, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, Burr
Ridge, Ill., 1999.
2. Del Toro, Vincent: Electric Machines and Power Systems, Prentice-Hall, Englewood
Cliffs, N.J., 1985.
3. Fitzgerald, A. E., and Charles Kingsley: Electric Machinery, McGraw-Hill, New York,
1952.
4. Fitzgerald, A. E., Charles Kingsley, and S. D. Umans: Electric Machinery, 5th Ed.,
McGraw-Hill, New York, 1990.
5. International Electrotechnical Commission, Rotating Electrical Machines Part I : Rating
and Performance, IEC 34-1 (R1994), 1994.
6. Liwschitz-Garik, Michael, and Clyde Whipple: Alternating-Current Machinery, Van
Nostrand, Princeton, N.J., 1961.
7. National Electrical Manufacturers Association: Motors and Generators, Publication
MG1-1993, Washington, 1993.
8. Werninck, E. H. (ed.): Electric Motor Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Company,
London, 1978.

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