“A STUDY ON STUDENTS ATTITUDE TOWARDS

ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE

TO CHRIST COLLEGE, IRINJALAKUDA”

Project report submitted to

CHRIST COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), IRINJALAKUDA

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

Master of Commerce

Submitted by

POOJA SURENDRAN

(Reg.No: CCATMCM016)

Under the guidance of

Prof. MUVISH K M

POST GRADUATE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

CHRIST COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), IRINJALAKUDA

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT

MARCH 2021
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled “ A STUDY ON STUDENTS ATTITUDE

TOWARDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CHRIST
COLLEGE, IRINJALAKUDA” by Ms. Pooja Surendran is a bona-fide record of work
done under my guidance and supervision in partial fulfilment of the requirement for
the award of the degree in Master of Commerce

Dr. JOSHEENA JOSE Prof. MUVISH K M

(Head of the department) (Project Guide)

 DECLARATION

I, Pooja Surendran, hereby declare that the bona-fide record of “A STUDY ON

STUDENTS ATTITUDE TOWARDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH SPECIAL
REFERENCE TO CHRIST COLLEGE,IRINJALAKUDA” done in partial fulfilment
of the M.Com degree program of Calicut University under the guidance
ofProf.Muvish K.M, Post Graduate Department of Commerce, Christ College
(Autonomous), Irinjalakuda

I also declare that the project has not formed the basis of reward of any degree or any
other similar title to any other University.

Place: Irinjalakuda POOJA SURENDRAN

Date: 30-03-2021
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First, I praise and thank God Almighty who showers his plentiful blessings upon me,
who guide, shield and strengthen me all the time.

I wish to express my profound gratitude and heart-felt thanks to our Principal Fr. Dr.
Jolly Andrews CMI for his encouragement and for giving me permission for the
study.

I am thankful to Dr. Josheena Jose, our HOD and Prof. Muvish K M my Project Guide
without whose guidance and encouragement, I could not have completed my Project
work. In spite of her busy schedule, she spared some of her precious time to me for
this work. Her moral support besides the scholarly guidance in research is the
foundation of this Project. Thank you, for all the help and guidance. I’m also thankful
to the other faculties of the department for their valuable advices and co-operation,
rendered for the successful completion of my project.

I am sincerely thankful to the commerce students in Christ College Irinjalakuda who

helped me in getting data for analysis. Without their help it will be more difficult for
me to get my questionnaire filled.

I put forward my thankfulness to the Librarian and Non-Teaching Staffs of Christ

College Irinjalakuda (Autonomous) for their co-operation. I also take this opportunity
to thank my parents, friends and classmates who have been a source of inspiration.
Without their encouragement, it would not have been possible for me to complete my
project successfully.

Place: Irinjalakuda

Date: 30-03-2021 POOJA SURENDRAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SL NO: TITLE PG NO:

1 LIST OF TABLES

2 LIST OF FIGURES

3 CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION 1-4

4 CHAPTER 2 – REVIEW OF LITERATURE 5-8

5 CHAPTER 3 – THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 9-20

6 CHAPTER 4 – DATA ANALYSIS 21-40

&INTERPRETATION

7 CHAPTER 5 – FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS & 41-45

CONCLUSION

8 BIBLIOGRAPHY 46-47

9 APPENDIX 48-50
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE TITLE PG NO:
NO:

4.1 Table showing gender wise classification of students 21

4.2 Table showing the age of students 22

4.3 Table showing the number of family members or 23

close relative who own a business

4.4 Table showing the type of business 24

4.5 Table showing how much the institute promotes 25

entrepreneurship and encourages ideas

4.6.1 Table showing how interested are you in setting your 26

own business immediately after your studies

4.6.2 Table showing how attractive it would be for you to 27

start a business

4.6.3 Table showing in your institute students are actively 38

encouraged to pursue their own ideas

4.7.1 Table shows that there is no limit to what you can 29

earn in business

4.7.2 Table shows that I would rather be my own boss 30

rather than work for someone else

4.7.3 Table shows that entrepreneurship is a rewarding 31

career

4.7.4 Table shows that entrepreneurship can be considered 32

as a career option in todays globalised world

4.7.5 Table shows that it is more important to do a job well 33

 than try to please people

4.8.1 Table showing start-up cost 34

4.8.2 Table showing access of capital 35

4.8.3 Table showing regulatory or policy barriers 36

4.8.4 Table showing cultural and Mind set barriers 47

4.8.5 Table showing locational barriers 48

4.9 Table showing Mann Whitney Test for significant 40

difference between gender and factor attracting
entrepreneurial career
LIST OF FIGURES
SL NO: TITLE PG NO:
4.1 Figure showing gender wise classification of 21
students
4.2 Figure showing the age of students 22
4.3 Figure showing the number of family 23
members or close relative who owns a
business
4.4 Figure showing the type of business 24
4.5 Figure showing how much the institute 25
promotes entrepreneurship and encourages
ideas
4.6.1 Figure showing how interested are you in 26
setting your own business immediately after
your studies
4.6.2 Figure showing how attractive it would be for 27
you to start a business
4.6.3 Figure showing in your institute students are 28
actively encouraged to pursue their own ideas
4.7.1 Figure shows that there is no limit to what 29
you can earn in business
4.7.2 Figure shows that I would rather be my own 30
boss rather than work for someone else
4.7.3 Figure shows that entrepreneurship is a 31
rewarding career
4.7.4 Figure shows that entrepreneurship can be 32
considered as a career option in todays
globalised world
4.7.5 Figure shows that it is important to do a job 33
well than try to please people
4.8.1 Figure showing start-up cost 34
4.8.2 Figure showing access of capital 35
4.8.3 Figure showing regulatory or policy barriers 36
4.8.4 Figure showing cultural and mind-set barriers 37

4.8.5 Figure showing locational barriers 38

Chapter- 1

Introduction
1.1 INTRODUCTION

Entrepreneurship, the symbol of business strength and growth. It contributes to

the growth of the economy and plays a vital role in the development process. It create
jobs which consequently generate more opportunities. Entrepreneurs, the founders of
today’s business success. Development is more than linked to entrepreneurship.
Entrepreneurship is the key contributor to innovativeness and product and service
improvement. This study is aimed at identifying the attitude of students towards
entrepreneurship. There is a rapid increase in trend among youth to become an
entrepreneur. It is because of the shortage of job opportunities and they are not willing
to work under others. By encouraging, innovation and creativity the entrepreneurship
frames the students into an abler individual strong enough to face the reality of outside
world.

In this paper, we concentrate to what extent and how our teaching approach
helps to develop and support the student’s entrepreneurship skills and analyse their
attitude towards entrepreneurship. The ultimate purpose of this study is to understand
the students experience and their perspectives with regard to the teaching approach
that we use to promote students entrepreneurship skills. The college students pay more
attention to the section of practice in entrepreneurship education and the overall
satisfaction is positively correlated with student’s evaluation on entrepreneurship
courses. Attitude of the student is a measurement we use to quantify the degree to
which a student is satisfied with entrepreneurship. This could be executed using
different survey design tactics. Here we choose the questionnaire method. The
objective of, regional growth, industrial development and employment generation
depends upon entrepreneurial development. Thus this study is conducted to know the
attitude of students towards entrepreneurship with special reference to Christ College,
Irinjalakuda.

1
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Students complete their final years of graduation have an urgency to decide on

their career for the future. People who are interested in doing business are not
able to do it, because of number of reasons that is lack of support from family,
shortage of capital etc. Currently most of the parents want their children to be
employed either in government or in reputed Multi-National Corporations. This
attitude of the parents force most of the educated youth to employment and
venture on enterprise as a career option. This study has been carried out to find
out the attitude of student towards entrepreneurship. Are they interested in
business, what is their attitude towards entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial
careers, can entrepreneurship be considered as a career option today’s global
scenario. These are many other questions lead to carry out this project work.

1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study has been carried out to find out the attitude of commerce students
towards entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial careers. The study deals with
only third year commerce students undergoing their studies in Christ College
Irinjalakuda.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

In the present competitive scenario, people are intentionally or forced to enter

into their own business. Because they are skilled but not employed. Through
this they cannot achieve wealth creation and personal fulfilment. People are
also interested to enter to profitable business venture.

There are many opportunities in the society that are not explored by
competitors. Those, interested to take risk are rewarded more. By entering into
a business venture one can earn more by introducing more innovative ideas,
can create a signature of their own.so that they can create an esteem in the
society.

2
1.5 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

1.5.1To study the attitude of students towards entrepreneurship

1.5.2 To study the factors that students to choose entrepreneurship as a career

1.6 HYPOTHESIS

H1: There is a significant difference in gender and factors attracting

entrepreneurial career.

1.7 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

1.7.1 Data Collection

Primary data were collected from the respondents through systematically

prepared questionnaire in Google form then electronically summarized the
results through SPSS. Secondary data were collected from books, websites and
journals.

1.7.2 Research Design

This study is descriptive in nature. It includes surveys and fact finding

enquiries of different kind. The major purpose is to study on student’s attitude
towards entrepreneurship.

1.8 SAMPLE DESIGN

It was very difficult to conduct a study from the entire population from Christ
College Irinjalakuda. So representative samples are drawn from the purpose of
study.

1.8.1 Sample population

The population for this study consisted of third year commerce students of
Christ College Irinjalakuda. The total number of students is 304.

3
1.8.2 Sample Frame

Students WhatsApp group is taken to be the sample frame for collection of data

1.8.3 Sampling Technique

The sampling technique used in the study is Stratified Proportionate Random

Sampling.

1.8.4 Sample size

Sample size of this study is 90 respondents. The third year commerce students
of Christ College Irinjalakuda are selected for the study.

1.9 TOOL USED FOR ANALYSIS

Appropriate statistical tools were used for analysis via descriptive and
inferential statistical tool. Descriptive analysis is done through Percentage
analysis and inferential analysis is done through Mann-Whitney U test.

1.10 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

• The response of the respondents may or may not be bias

• The study is limited to Christ college autonomous Irinjalakuda

• Data collected electronically. There is no personal interview is being conducted

1.11 CHAPTERIZATION

• Chapter 1 – Introduction

• Chapter 2 – Review of literature

• Chapter 3 - Theoretical Framework

• Chapter 4 – Data analysis and interpretation

• Chapter 5 – Findings, suggestions and conclusion

4
 Chapter-2

Review of Literature
2.1 Review of Literature

• Nikolous and Luthje (2004), in their study compared the entrepreneurial

intention of students of two German universities. The three constructs used for
the study were attitude towards being self- employed, willingness to take risks
need for independence and locus of control. The findings indicate that student’s
entrepreneurial intention are stronger and more ambitious in terms of business
growth.

• Thompson (2004), highlighted that if the attitude compliments the intention

then it would lead to strengthen the entrepreneurial qualities. The intention
therefore is a necessary component of entrepreneurial activity.

• Evan D (2005), investigated the role of entrepreneurial attitudes and

entrepreneurial self-efficacy on an individual’s intention to engage in
entrepreneurial behaviour. The result found that individuals who prefer more
income, more independence and more ownership have high entrepreneurship
intentions. The study found no relationship between risk prosperity and
entrepreneurial intentions.

• Fitzsimmons and Douglas (2005) found evidence that attitudes to ownership,

independence and income were related to the individual’s intention to engage
in entrepreneurial behaviour

• Veciano and urbano (2005), states that presence of entrepreneur in the family
or among relatives could foster the intention to create a new venture..

• Ferrante and Sabatini (2007), they casted a strong light on the connection
between educational background and the ability to perform and build
intentional behaviour. They constructed that educational attainment should
reveal the cognitive abilities possessed by individuals.

5
• Souitaris, Zerbinati and Andreas (2007), found that entrepreneurship
education stimulates students subjective norms and intention towards
entrepreneurship by providing them with knowledge, skills and sense of beliefs
that inspire them to choose entrepreneurship as a career.

• Grid et al (2008), have tested theory of planned behaviour as a predictor of

entrepreneurial intention among final year students of commerce at two
universities in the Western Cape. Of all the predictors of entrepreneurial
intention examined in the study. Personal traits, demographic factors and
situational factors did not add significantly to the variance explained by theory
of planned behaviour.

• Stella (2008), states that family and society background, experience had a
significant influence of students towards entrepreneurship.

• Basu and Virik (2008), found that entrepreneurship education improves

attitudes of students towards entrepreneurship.

• Potter (2008), the role of entrepreneurship education has been called for as one
of the key instruments to increase the entrepreneurial attitudes of people. Thus,
educational initiatives have been considered as highly promising to making
more people aware and interested on this career option and making more
people try to start a new venture.

• GEM (global entrepreneurship monitor) (2010), entrepreneurship education

should eventually be viewed as an intention to create jobs, to drive and shape
innovativeness and to stimulate economic growth

• Zain, Akram and Ghani (2010), found that majority of the students had an
intention to become entrepreneurs after going through the entrepreneurship
programme.

6
• Karhunen et al. (2011), states that business requires a great investment of
time, resources and commitment which is bound to have an impact on one’s
attitude.

• Ahmed et al (2012), desirability and feasibility will integrate to drive a

potential and an intention towards a new venture

• Gerba (2012), entrepreneurship education is viewed as a means of developing

entrepreneurial skills in people, which skills manifest through creative
strategies innovative tactics and courageous leadership

• Ediagbanya (2013), states that entrepreneurship education positively affected

the attitudes of students. It develop their skills, knowledge and they
successfully engage in entrepreneurship activities.

• Mapfaira and setibi (2014), found that there are some poor attitude of
students towards entrepreneurship because of lack of technical support,
difficulty in accessing finance etc.

• Saeed s (2015), had hypothesized that the support of perceived education,

concept development, shaped students entrepreneurial self-efficacy. The
findings displayed that perceived educational support employed the maximum
influence on entrepreneurial self-efficacy, trailed by concept development,
business development and institutional supports. The findings suggested that
holistic perspective provides more meaningful understandings of the role of
professed university support in the formation of student’s entrepreneurial
intention.

• Magdalena Raczynska, Adam krystian Wisniewski (2016), the study shows

that entrepreneurial attitudes among students research results. The research
shows that most of the respondents thought of themselves an entrepreneurial
and reason behind so many respondents thinking about opening their own firm

7
 was because they believed their own business could give them bigger earnings
than working regular full time job

• Fasla N P (2017), the study revealed that most of the students are of the
opinion that are entrepreneurship is good. The present management education
system does not focus on entrepreneurship development.

• S.Arunkumar, J Jose prabhu, S Divya, V sangari, S nandhini, R prasanna,

S,Prakash (2018), tried to analyse how an individual’s entrepreneurship
attitude differs from others. The study revealed the overall student’s attitude
towards entrepreneurship and it influence positive attitude. The researchers
suggested the academic institution should encourage students to consider
entrepreneurship and they will run their own business to have more flexibility
in their personal and family life

8
 Chapter – 3

Theoretical Framework
3.1 Theoretical Framework
Entrepreneurship is the ability to develop, organize and run a business organization in
order to make profit. It is a process of actions of an entrepreneur who is a person
always in search of something new and exploits such ideas into opportunities which
are gainful by accepting the risk and uncertainty with the enterprise. Entrepreneurship
is the total of entrepreneur plus enterprise. Land, labour, natural resources and capital
gain are connected with entrepreneurship. They can make profit. Entrepreneur has the
ability and desire to establish, administrate and succeed in a start-up venture along
with the risk entitled to make profit. Most of the universities are promoting
entrepreneurship. Universities have the responsibility of providing the importance of
entrepreneurship to the students. It helps to improve their skills and mind set.
Entrepreneurship increases the economic efficiency through job creation which
increases the standard of living. Entrepreneurship serve as an agent of social justice.

Entrepreneurship education has expanded in most of the countries. The

considerable expansion over this period has been seen as a widespread governmental
belief in positive impact. Entrepreneurship education helps students from all socio
economic backgrounds as it teaches students to think outside the box and nurture
unconventional talent and skill. It has become an academic and teaching field.
Entrepreneurial intent directing person’s attention towards a specific object. The main
objective of this study is to examine the key factors influencing student’s intent to
create a new venture. Entrepreneurship increases the student’s willingness of starting a
new business. Entrepreneurship education has been developing. The higher
educational institutions started offering formal entrepreneurship education and
included it as one of the subjects in the curriculum of business and other courses,
organizing seminar and training for students. Entrepreneurship is important for
economic growth, productivity and social development. Entrepreneurship, is the
individual motivation, willingness to take risk and make profit to improve the standard
of living. Entrepreneurship generates employment opportunities and it is instrumental
in the economic development of a country.

9
3.2 Promoting Entrepreneurship Education:

Entrepreneurship education seeks to provide students with the skills,

motivation and knowledge to inspire entrepreneurial success in a wide variety
of settings. Entrepreneurship education mainly focus on developing
understanding of entrepreneur’s behaviour and skills. Education is a key issue.
Schools should send out the message that being an employee is not the only
option after the completion of education. The advantages of being an
entrepreneur should be promoted and the hopes of those young entrepreneurs
who face the risks of starting their own business should disappear. Righteous
examples to follow should be providing to those still doubtful among potential
young entrepreneurs, in order to give them more confidence and reveal that it is
indeed possible to become a successful entrepreneur even in their youngest of
age. Entrepreneurship education is meant to change student’s behaviour pattern
to the preferred direction. Therefore entrepreneurship subject is to encourage
students to create jobs to overcome unemployment problems and change
students mind set from finding jobs to creating jobs after graduation. Thus
entrepreneurship education is a mix of skill building and also a mind-set shift
from job seeking to job creation.

3.3 Characteristics of Entrepreneurship

• Interest and vision:

The first and foremost factor for entrepreneurial success is his/her interest and
vision. This interest must also translate into company’s growth otherwise, the
person is not be able to maintain a high level of work ethic, and they will most
likely fail. This vision must be strong enough than he/she can communicate it
to investors and employees.

• Skill:

10
 Entrepreneurship must have skill and proper vision in order to achieve their
goal.

• Innovation:

It should be highly innovative to generate new idea to start a company and earn
profit out of it. Innovation must be a more efficient and more economical. The
successful exploitation of new idea is crucial to a business being able to
improve its processes, bring new and services to market. Increase its efficiency,
it improve its profitability.

• Ability to take risk:

Entrepreneur must be courageous and be able to evaluate and take risks, which
is an essential part of being an entrepreneur. The risk is connected with the
time and money that we invest in our business. New ideas are always risky and
may not always bring profits. Entrepreneurs may have to incur losses as well.
Hence risk is a basic feature of entrepreneurship.

• Improve standard of living:

Entrepreneurship helps to improve the standard of living of a person by

increasing the income.it means there is an increase in the consumption of goods
and services by a household for a particular period

• Profit potential:

Profit potential is the likely level of return or compensation to the entrepreneur

for taking on the risk of developing an idea into an actual business venture.
Without profit motive, entrepreneurial activities may not be carried on.

3.4 Qualities of a Successful Entrepreneur

• Successful entrepreneurs are ambitious

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People have ambition in order to become a successful entrepreneur. They
actively find out problems and have the ambition to fix them.

• Successful entrepreneurs are hard workers

The successful entrepreneurs are not the lazy people they are very hard
workers. Their primary motive is to achieve their goals and growth of their
business. They continuously make planning.

• Successful entrepreneurs are leaders

Entrepreneur must have the leadership quality. They are good at managing all
the aspects of their professional and personal skills. They have the ability to
take the decision in right way. They have good communication skills and
provide guidance to others.

• Successful entrepreneurs are disciplined

They are mainly focused on their business work. They eliminate all the
distractions in their goals before they achieve their goals. Without disregarding
their long term goals they focus on the day to day operations of their business.
They take disciplined steps every day towards the achievement of their goal.

• Man of vision

Entrepreneur must be a man of vision. Vision is something more than simply

dreaming.

• Successful entrepreneurs are problem solver

An entrepreneur does not get disappointed when he faces problems. He must

show strong determination to overcome problems of any dimension. He must
be a good problem solver.

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3.5 Types of entrepreneurs

A. On the basis of type of business

• Business entrepreneur :

He is an individual who discovers an idea to start a business and then

builds a business to give birth to his ideas.

• Trading entrepreneur:

He is an entrepreneur who undertakes trading activities that is buying

and selling manufactured goods. He does not undertake manufacturing
activity.

• Industrial entrepreneur:

He is the entrepreneur who undertakes manufacturing activities.

• Corporate entrepreneur:

He is a person who demonstrates his innovative skill in managing

corporate undertakings and organising.

• Agricultural entrepreneur:

They are entrepreneurs who undertake agricultural activities.

B. On the basis of use of technology

• Technical entrepreneur:

Technical entrepreneurs are extremely task oriented. They are of

craftsman type. They concentrate more on production than marketing.

• Non-technical entrepreneur:

These entrepreneurs are never concerned with the technical aspects of

the product. They concentrate more on marketing aspects.

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 • Professional entrepreneur:

He an entrepreneur who starts a business until but does not carry on

business for a long period. He sells out the running business and start
another venture.

C. On the basis of motivation:

• Pure entrepreneur:

He believe in their own performance while undertaking business

activities. They try hard to prove their excellence in ventures.

• Induced entrepreneur:

He is an entrepreneur who induced to take up an entrepreneurial activity

which is done with a view to avail some benefits from the government.

• Motivated entrepreneur:

These entrepreneurs are motivated by their desire to make use of their

technical, professional expertise and skills.

• Spontaneous entrepreneurs:

These entrepreneurs are motivated their desire for self-employment and

to achieve or prove their excellence in job performance.

D. On the basis of stages of development

• First generation entrepreneur:

He is the one who start an industrial unit by means his own innovative
ideas and skills. He is essentially an innovator.

• Modern entrepreneur:

He is an entrepreneur who undertakes those ventures according to the

modern marketing needs

• Classical entrepreneur:

14
 He is the one who develop self-supporting venture for the satisfaction of
customer needs. He does not undertake any innovation.

E. Classical by Clarence Danhof:

• Innovative entrepreneurs:

These types of entrepreneurs are very innovative. They show a high

tendency of undertaking risk. They are generally aggressive on
experimentation and cleverly put maximum attractive possibilities into
practice.

• Adoptive or imitative entrepreneurs:

These entrepreneurs are ready to adopt successful innovation created by

innovative entrepreneurs. Imitative entrepreneurs do not innovate any
changes themselves. They only imitate technology and techniques
innovated by others.

• Fabian Entrepreneurs:

These entrepreneurs are traditionally in nature. They would be cautious.

They neither introduce new changes nor adopt methods that are
innovated by other entrepreneurs. They are shy and lazy. They are not
much interested in risks.

• Drone entrepreneurs:

Drone entrepreneurs are those who refuse to adopt and use opportunities
to make changes in production. They would not change the method of
production that has already been introduced. They follow the traditional
methods of production.

3.6 Functions of an entrepreneur

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• Innovation

An entrepreneur is basically an innovator who tries to develop new

markets, product, technology etc. Innovation may involve doing new
things or doing existing things. An entrepreneur uses his creative
faculties to do new things and to exploit opportunities in the market. He
does not believe in status and is always in search of change.

• Assumption of risk

An entrepreneur is a risk taker and not risk shirker. He is always

prepared for assuming losses that may arise on account of new projects
and ideas that are undertaken by him. This willingness to take risks
allow an entrepreneur to take initiative in doing new things and
marching ahead in his efforts.

• Catalyst to economic development

An entrepreneur plays an important role in accelerating the pace of

economic development of a country by discovering various new uses of
available resources and maximizing their utilization.

• Research

Entrepreneur finalizes an idea only after considering a variety of

options, analysing their weakness and strengths by applying analytical
techniques, supplementing them with empirical finding, testing their
applicability, and then choosing the best alternative.it is then that he
applies his ideas in optimum practice. The selection of an idea thus
involves the application of research methodology by an entrepreneur.

• Development of management skills

The entrepreneur work involves the use of managerial skills which he

develops while planning, organizing, staffing, directing, controlling and
coordinating the activities of business. His managerial skills get further
strengthens when he engages himself in establishing equilibrium
16
 between his organization and its environment. When the size of business
grows an entrepreneur can employ professional managers for the
effective management of business operations.

3.7 Importance of entrepreneurship

• Entrepreneurs create jobs

Without entrepreneur jobs would not exist. Their ambition to continue

their business growth which eventually leads to the creation of new jobs.
As their business continues to grow even more jobs are created.

• Entrepreneurs innovate

Some technologies in today’s society have come from businesses. The

technological advances come out of a need to be solved, create
efficiencies.

• Entrepreneurs create change

Innovative ideas of entrepreneur will make the world change. They

might create a new product that take on the challenge to explore
something never explored before.

• Entrepreneurs add to national income

Entrepreneurship generates new wealth in an economy. New ideas,

products and services from entrepreneurs allow for the growth of new
markets and wealth.

• Improving standards of living

By creating productive organisations, entrepreneurship helps in making

wide variety of goods and services which are available to the society
which results into higher standards of living for the people.

• Means of economic development

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 Entrepreneurship involves maximisation of output from given
resources, creation and use of innovative ideas, development of
managerial skills etc. and all these factors are essential for the economic
development of a country.

• Creation of organisations

Entrepreneurship result in creation of organisations when they assemble

and coordinate physical, human and financial resources and direct them
towards achievement of objectives through managerial skills.

3.8 Risk involved with Entrepreneurship

• Financial risk:

An entrepreneur invests money in an enterprise on the expectation of

getting attractive returns. But it may not click and end up in big financial
risk.

• Personal risk

Starting an enterprise and managing it is an important task. Entrepreneur

is supposed to devote most of his time and energy to get fully immersed
in it. His family life and social life are at risk.

• Career risk

As long as the business is going on well, everybody appreciates, once it

incur loss he may be forced to take up other employment opportunities.
But the would be employer doubts his efficiency and may not
accommodate him. Another career is a question mark.

• Psychological risk

The mental agonies, an entrepreneur is expected to face will always

haunt him throughout his life. Chances are high that he develops blood
pressure or becomes a heart patient or is likely to get ulcer. Once lost,
psychologically he may be beyond redemption.

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3.9Challenges of Entrepreneurship

• Lack of sufficient Infrastructural facilities

Infrastructure include sectors like power, roads, industrial park etc.

Infrastructure development will reduce the transportation cost and
enhance efficiency of the entrepreneur.

• Non- availability of capital

Capital is a must for mechanisation of the process, modernisation of the

process expansion of the business, diversification of the business,
conduct of research and development etc. Besides massive capital is
required as working capital.

• Great risk

Business is risky more over business done in an underdeveloped country

or a developing country is rather riskier. The cost details of the inputs
used may not be readily and reliably available and hence the cost of
figures might be wrong. The size of market and the purchasing power of
the people is also difficult to estimate.

• Non- availability of skilled labour

In India, even though the population size is huge, labour force is

supposed to be abundant but the reality is that employable person are
scared especially skilled labour.

• Entrepreneurship subject not given top priority

The early day’s entrepreneurship was nothing but mere laughed. But
now a days the entrepreneurs are admired and recognised but public
without entrepreneurship being introduced as a subject the upcoming
generation will not be able to catch the idea and dream about owing his

19
 own organisation. Thus by teaching entrepreneurship and entrepreneur
is respected more and more entrepreneurial aspirants can be created.

• Lengthy and cumbersome procedure to start business

India in comparison to another country the pains and procedure of

starting a business is no longer cumbersome.

• Absence of technical know-how

It means that all of the recorded and unrecorded information and the
knowledge relating to the technology of the product.

3.10 Reasons why people become entrepreneurs;

Entrepreneurs are the dreamers who are energized to desire to pioneer, lead,
innovate and invest disruptive technologies and products. Years ago,
Indians only thought of following well defined career paths. The children
usually follow the desire of their parents and opted for a career that was
decided by their elders. Following further pushed the young generation
towards entrepreneurship.

• The desire to be their own boss and have better control

• The determination to take risks in the changed global environment

where unexplored new opportunities were present.

• The aim to develop and execute a plan right from the base level

• The aim to do well financially and take their growth better level

• They have the freedom to express their innovative ideas and knowl

20
 Chapter- 4

Data analysis and Interpretation

4.1 Descriptive statistical analysis

4.2 Inferential statistical analysis

Data analysis and Interpretation

4.1 Statistical Analysis Descriptive

The collected data was processed and analysed within the time bounded of the
research plan. The data collected from 90 samples are analysed carefully and
interpretations are made accordingly. Diagrams such as pie chart and clustered
column are used for this purpose.

Table 4.1: Table showing gender wise classification of students

Gender No. of respondents Percentage

Male 27 30%
Female 63 70%
Total 90 100%
Source: Primary data

Table no 4.1 shows that 30% of the students are Male and 70% of the students are
Female.

Figure 4.1: Figure showing gender wise classification of students

0 0

30%

Male
Female

70%

21
 Table 4.2: Table showing the age of students

Age class No of respondents Percentage

18-21 59 66%
21-24 30 33%
24-27 1 1%
Total 90 100%
Source: primary data

Table 4.2 shows, 66% of students belongs to the first age group that is 18-21. 33% of
students belongs to the second age group 21-24. Only 1% of students in third group

Figure 4.2: Figure showing the age of students

70%
66%

60%

50%

40%
33%

30%

20%

10%

1%
0%
18-21 21-24 24-27

22
 Table 4.3: Table showing the number of family members or close relative who
own a business

Status No. of respondents Percentage

Yes 70 78%
No 20 22%
Total 90 100%
Source: Primary data

Table 4.3 shows, 78% of student’s family members or close relatives own a business
and remaining 22% of student’s family members or close relatives does not own a
business.

Figure 4.3: Figure showing the number of family members or close relative who
owns a business

90%

78%
80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%
22%
20%

10%

0%
Yes No

23
 Table 4.4: Table showing the type of business

Status No. of respondents Percentage

Sole proprietorship 53 76%
Partnership 9 13%
Corporation 1 1%
Others 7 10%
Total 70 100%
Source: Primary data

Table 4.4 shows, among the 70 respondents, 76% belongs to Sole proprietorship, 13%
belongs to Partnership, 1% belongs to corporation and 10% belongs to another
category.

Figure 4.4: Figure showing the type of business

80%
76%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%
13%
10%
10%
1%
0%
Sole proprietorship Partnership Corporation Others

24
 Table 4.5: Table showing how much the institute promotes Entrepreneurship
and encourages ideas

Status No. of respondents Percentage

Yes 74 82%
No 16 18%
Total 90 100%
Source: Primary data

Table 4.5 shows that 82% of students said that the institute promotes entrepreneurship
and encourages ideas. 18% of students disagree the statement.

Figure 4.5: Figure showing how much the institute promotes Entrepreneurship
and encourages ideas

90%
82%
80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

18%
20%

10%

0%
Yes No

25
 4.6: Showing the factors to determine the attitude of students towards
Entrepreneurship

Table 4.6.1: Table showing how interested are you in setting your own business
immediately after your studies

Status No. of respondents Percentage

Very much interested 21 23%
Interested 37 41%
Neutral 27 30%
uninterested 5 6%
Very much uninterested 0 0%
Total 90 100%
Source: Primary data

Table 4.6.1 shows that 41% of respondents are interested to start business immediately
after their studies.23% of them are very much interested, 30% of them are neutral, 6%
of the respondents are uninterested and nobody belongs to very much uninterested.

Figure 4.6.1: Figure showing how interested are you in setting your own business
immediately after your studies

45% 41%
40%
35%
30%
30%
25% 23%
20%
15%
10% 6%
5%
0
0%
Very much Interested Neutral Uninterested Very much
interested uninterested

26
Table 4.6.2: Table showing how attractive it would be for you to start a business

Status No. of respondents Percentage

Very much attractive 22 24%
Attractive 44 49%
Neutral 23 26%
Unattractive 0 0%
Very much unattractive 1 1%
Total 90 100%
Source: Primary data

Table 4.6.2 shows that, 49% of respondents are attractive and 24% are very much
attractive to start a business. 26% of respondents are neutral. Only 1% of respondents
are very much unattractive and nobody belongs to unattractive.

Figure 4.6.2: Figure showing how attractive it would be for you to start a
business

60%

49%
50%

40%

30% 26%
24%

20%

10%

0% 1%
0%
Very much attractive Attractive Neutral Unattractive Very much
unattractive

27
 Table 4.6.3: Table showing in your institute students are actively encouraged to
pursue their own ideas

Status No. of respondents Percentage

Strongly Agree 18 20%
Agree 50 56%
Neutral 20 22%
Disagree 2 2%
Strongly Disagree 0 0%
Total 90 100%
Source: Primary data

Table 4.6.3 shows that among the total respondents, 56% of respondents agree the
statement. 22% of respondents are neutral. Only a small percentage of respondents
disagree the statement.

Figure 4.6.3: Figure showing in your institute students are actively encouraged to
pursue their own ideas

60%
56%

50%

40%

30%

22%
20%
20%

10%

2%
0
0%
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree

28
 4.7: Showing the factors that attract students towards entrepreneurial career

Table 4.7.1: Table shows that there is no limit to what you can earn in business

Status No. of respondents Percentage

Strongly agree 23 26%
Agree 37 41%
Neutral 26 29%
Disagree 4 4%
Strongly disagree 0 0%
Total 90 100%
Source: Primary data

Table 4.7.1 shows that 41% of respondents are agree and 26% of respondents are
strongly agree the statement. 29% of respondents are neutral. Only 4% of respondents
are disagree the statement and nobody belongs to strongly disagree

Figure 4.7.1: Figure shows that there is no limit to what you can earn in business

45%
41%
40%

35%

29%
30%
26%
25%

20%

15%

10%

4%
5%
0
0%
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree

29
 Table 4.7.2: Table shows that I would rather be my own boss rather than work
for someone else

Status No. of respondents Percentage

Strongly agree 30 33%
Agree 35 39%
Neutral 21 23%
Disagree 4 5%
Strongly disagree 0 0%
Total 90 100%
Source: Primary data

Table 4.7.2 shows that majority of the respondents agree the statement. 33% of
respondents are strongly agree, 23% of respondents are neutral. Only 5% of
respondents are disagree the statement and nobody belongs to strongly disagree.

Figure 4.7.2: Figure shows that I would rather be my own boss rather than work
for someone else

45%

39%
40%

35% 33%

30%

25% 23%

20%

15%

10%
5%
5%
0
0%
Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree

30
 Table 4.7.3: Table shows that entrepreneurship is a rewarding career

Status No. of respondents Percentage

Strongly Agree 28 31%
Agree 41 46%
Neutral 17 19%
Disagree 4 4%
Strongly Disagree 0 0%
Total 90 100%
Source: Primary data

Table 4.7.3 shows that, nobody strongly disagree the statement. 46% of respondents
are agree, 31% of respondents are strongly agree, and 19% of respondents are neutral,
only 4% of respondents are disagree the statement.

Figure 4.7.3: Figure shows that entrepreneurship is a rewarding career

50%
46%
45%

40%

35%
31%
30%

25%
19%
20%

15%

10%
4%
5%
0
0%
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree

31
 Table 4.7.4: Table shows that entrepreneurship can be considered as a career
option in today’s globalised world

Status No. of respondents Percentage

Strongly Agree 30 33%
Agree 42 47%
Neutral 11 12%
Disagree 5 6%
Strongly disagree 2 2%
Total 90 100%
Source: Primary data

Table 4.7.4 shows that,47% of respondents are agree the statement, 33% of
respondents are strongly agree, and 12% of respondents are neutral. 6% of
respondents are disagree the statement, only 2% of respondents are strongly disagree.

Figure 4.7.4: Figure shows that entrepreneurship can be considered as a career

option in today’s globalised world

50% 47%

45%

40%

35% 33%

30%

25%

20%

15% 12%

10%
6%
5% 2%

0%
Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree

32
 Table 4.7.5: Table shows that it is more important to do a job well than try to
please people

Status No. of respondents Percentage

Strongly Agree 31 35%
Agree 30 33%
Neutral 22 24%
Disagree 3 3%
Strongly Disagree 4 5%
Total 90 100%
Source: Primary data

Table 4.7.5 shows that, 35% of respondents are strongly agree, 33% of respondents
are agree, 24% of respondents are neutral ,5% of respondents are strongly disagree
and only 3% of respondents are disagree the statement.

Figure 4.7.5: Figure shows that it is important to do a job well than try to please
people

40%
35%
35% 33%

30%

25% 24%

20%

15%

10%
5%
5% 3%

0%
Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree

33
 4.8: Showing barriers to enter into business

Table 4.8.1: Table showing start-up cost

Status No. of respondents Percentage

Strongly agree 47 52%
Agree 33 37%
Neutral 7 8%
Disagree 2 2%
Strongly disagree 1 1%
Total 90 100%
Source: Primary data

Table 4.8.1 shows that ,majority of the respondents strongly agree the statement, 37%
of respondents are agree, 8% of respondents are neutral, 2% of the respondents
disagree the statement and remaining 1% of respondents are strongly disagree.

Figure 4.8.1: Figure showing Start-up cost

60%

52%
50%

40% 37%

30%

20%

10% 8%

2% 1%
0%
Strongly agree agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree

34
 Table 4.8.2: Table showing access of capital

Status No. of respondents Percentage

Strongly agree 31 35%
Agree 46 51%
Neutral 8 9%
Disagree 3 3%
Strongly disagree 2 2%
Total 90 100%
Source: Primary data

Table 4.8.2 shows that, 51% of respondents are agree the statement , 35% of
respondents are strongly agree , 9% of respondents are neutral , 3% of respondents are
disagree the statement and remaining 2% of respondents are strongly disagree

Figure 4.8.2: Figure showing access of capital

60%

51%
50%

40%
35%

30%

20%

9%
10%
3% 2%
0%
Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree

35
 Table 4.8.3: Table showing regulatory or policy barriers

Status No. of respondents Percentage

Strongly agree 24 27%
Agree 32 36%
Neutral 27 30%
Disagree 6 6%
Strongly disagree 1 1%
Total 90 100%
Source: Primary data

Table 4.8.3 shows that, among the total respondents ,36% of respondents agree the
statement, 27% are strongly agree, 30% are neutral , 6% of respondents are disagree
the statement , only 1% of respondents are strongly disagree.

Figure 4.8.3: Figure showing regulatory or policy barriers

40%
36%
35%
30%
30%
27%

25%

20%

15%

10%
6%
5%
1%
0%
Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree

36
 Table 4.8.4: Table showing cultural and Mind-set barriers

Status No. of respondents Percentage

Strongly Agree 14 16%
Agree 36 40%
Neutral 22 24%
Disagree 14 16%
Strongly disagree 4 4%
Total 90 100%
Source: Primary data

Table 4.8.4 shows that, 40% of respondents are agree the statement, 24% of
respondents are neutral, 16% of respondents equally strongly agree and disagree the
statement, and remaining 4% of respondents are strongly disagree.

Figure 4.8.4: Figure showing cultural and Mind -set barriers

45%
40%
40%

35%

30%

24%
25%

20%
16% 16%
15%

10%

4%
5%

0%
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree

37
 Table 4.8.5: Table showing Locational Barriers

Status No. of respondents Percentage

Strongly Agree 14 16%
Agree 37 41%
Neutral 28 31%
Disagree 10 11%
Strongly Disagree 1 1%
Total 90 100%
Source: Primary data

Table 4.8.5 shows that majority of the respondents are agree the statement, 31% of
respondents are neutral, 16% of respondents are strongly agree , 11% of the
respondents are disagree the statement and only 1% of respondents are strongly
disagree the statement.

Figure 4.8.5: Figure Showing Locational Barriers

45%
41%
40%

35%
31%
30%

25%

20%
16%
15%
11%
10%

5%
1%
0%
strongly agree Agree neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree

38
 4.1Inferential Statistical Analysis
Inferential statistics are used to make inferences about the larger population
based on the sample. Typically, inferential statistics deals with analysing two
or more variables using the samples. There are different types of inferential
statistics that are used. The type of inferential statistics used depends on the
type of variable used for the study.

Mann-Whitney U Test

Mann-Whitney U Test is a non-parametric test used to compare whether there

is a difference in the dependent variable for two independent groups. It
compares whether the distribution of the dependent variable is the same for the
two groups and therefore from the population.

H0: There is no significant difference in gender and factors attracting

entrepreneurial career

H1: There is significant difference in gender and factors attracting

entrepreneurial career

Table 4.9

Ranks

Gender N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks

Total factors 1.0 27 46.70 1261.00
attracting
2.0 63 44.98 2834.00
entrepreneurial
career Total 90

Source: SPSS Output

39
 Table 4.9

Mann-Whitney Test

Test Statistics
Total factors attracting entrepreneurial
career

Mann-Whitney U 818.000

Wilcoxon W 2834.000

Z -.287

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .774

a. Grouping Variable: Gender

The Mann-Whitney test used for analysing significant difference in gender and
factors attracting entrepreneurial career. The difference of variance is checked
through SPSS, the result of analysis shows variance is not significant in gender and
factors attracting entrepreneurial career. The P values (.774) are greater than the
significance level of 0.05.Thus, the null hypothesis is accepted. There is no
significant difference between gender and factors attracting entrepreneurial career

40
 Chapter – 5

Findings, Suggestions and Conclusion

5.1 Findings

• The study is conducted to understand the attitude of students towards

entrepreneurship. From the total of 90 students, 30% of students are Male and
70% of students are Female.
• Majority of the students that is 66% of students belongs to the first age group
that is 18-21, 33% of students belongs to the second age group 21-24. Only 1%
of students in third group.
• Most of the student’s family member or close relatives own a business. 78%
own a business and 22% does not own a business.
• Among the 70 respondents, 76% belongs to sole proprietorship, 13% belongs
to Partnership, 1% belongs to corporation and 10% belongs to another
category.
• Most of the students said that the institute promote entrepreneurship and
encourages ideas. 82% of students promote entrepreneurship and 18% of
students does not promote entrepreneurship.
• Among the students 23% total respondents are very much interested and 41%
of respondents are interested to start business immediately after their studies.
30% are neutral, 6% of respondents are uninterested and nobody belongs to
very much uninterested.
• Majority of the students are attractive to start a business, 49% of respondents
are attractive, 26% of respondents are neutral, only 1% of respondents are very
much unattractive and nobody belongs to unattractive.
• Most of the students are actively encouraged to pursue their own ideas. 56% of
students agree that they pursue their own ideas, 22% are neutral, only a small
percentage of respondents disagree the statement.
• Majority of the students agreed that there is no limit to what you can earn in
business that is 41%. 26% of respondents are strongly agree the statement, 29%

41
 of respondents are neutral, only 4% of respondents are disagree the statement
and nobody belongs to strongly disagree.
• Majority of the respondents agree the statement. 33% of respondents are
strongly agree, 23% of respondents are neutral, only 5% of respondents are
disagree the statement and nobody belongs to strongly disagree.
• Most of the students said that entrepreneurship is a rewarding career, 46% of
respondents are agree the statement, 31% of respondents area strongly agree,
19% of respondents are neutral and only 4% of respondents are disagree the
statement.
• Among the total students, 47% of respondents agreed that entrepreneurship can
be considered as a career option in today’s globalised world. 33% of
respondents are strongly agree and 12% of respondents are neutral, 6% of
respondents are disagree the statement and remaining 2% are strongly disagree.
• From the total number of students, 35% of students are strongly agreed that it is
more important to do a job well than try to please people. 24% of respondents
are neutral, 5% of respondents are strongly disagree and only 3% of
respondents are disagree the statement.
• Majority of the respondents strongly agree the statement start up barriers to
enter into business. 37% of respondents are agree, 8% of respondents are
neutral, 2% of the respondents disagree the statement and remaining 1% of
respondents are strongly disagree.
• Majority of the respondents agree the statement access of capital. 51% of
respondents are agree the statement, 35% of respondents are strongly agree the
statement and remaining 2% of respondents are strongly disagree.
• Among the total respondents 36% of respondents agree the statement of
regulatory or policy barriers. 27% are strongly agree, 30% are neutral. 6% of
respondents are disagree the statement, only 1% of respondents are strongly
disagree.
• Among the total respondents 40% of the students agree the statement of
cultural and mind set barriers, 24% of respondents are neutral , 16% of

42
 respondents equally strongly agree and disagree the statement and remaining
4% of respondents are strongly disagree.
• Majority of the students are agree the statement of locational barriers,31% of
respondents are neutral, 16% of respondents are strongly agree, 11% of the
respondents are disagree , only 1% of respondents are strongly disagree the
statement.
• The p values (.774) are greater than the significance level of 0.05.Thus, null
hypothesis is accepted and hence concluded that there is no significant
difference between gender and factors attracting entrepreneurial career.

43
5.2 Suggestions

• It is better to provide proper knowledge about entrepreneurship to students to

attract them to start new business.
• Schools and colleges should conduct seminars and other awareness classes in
this regard
• It is better to provide updated information about entrepreneurship to the
students
• Provide a free workshop for the students to work on their own
• It is better to provide proper training to the students to work effectively in the
field of entrepreneurship

44
5.3 Conclusion

Entrepreneurship is act of setting up of an enterprise and developing it assuming the

risk and return of it. The person who undertakes this activity is called entrepreneur.
They help in a large way for the development of the country.

This study focuses on entrepreneurship attitude of third year commerce students of

Christ College Irinjalakuda. The project commences with fixing the objective then
samples were collected accordingly. Around 90 samples have been collected from the
population and analysis have been done to get the result. The objectives framed at the
beginning of the project have been achieved. Study conclude that majority of the
students are interested to start business. Only least of them are not interested. Most of
them prefer entrepreneurship as a career option. In my analysis majority of
respondents are female. They all are attractive to start business because of no limit to
what we can earn, no one is in control we are our boss etc. The institute plays an
important role for promote entrepreneurship and develop their ideas. Hence one can
conclude that students attitude towards entrepreneurship is very good.

45
Bibliography
Bibliography

Book:

• A Vinod, ”Entrepreneurship Development”, Calicut University Central

Co-operative stores Ltd. Calicut, 2015

Journals:

• Thompson (2004), “The Facets of the Entrepreneur: Identifying

Entrepreneurial Potential”, Article in Management Decision, vol.42 Issue:2,
pp.243-258, https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740410515861
• Evan D (2005), “Individual intentions towards entrepreneurship Vs
Entrepreneurship”, Working paper, University of Sunshine coast, Sippy
Downs, Australia
• Grid et al (2008), “The Theory of Planned Behaviour as Predictor of
Entrepreneurial Intent Amongst Final-Year University Students”, Article in
South African Journal of Psychology 38(4): 711-724. December 2008 with
1665 Reads
• Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). See www.qemconsortium.
orq/cateqorv list.asp for a list of available documents

• Mai N. Q. And P. T Anh (2013) Factors affecting small enterprises in Vietnam,

International Journal of Business and Science, vol. 5
• Harris,M.L.&Gibson.S.G(2008)examing the entrepreneurial attitudes of Us
students education-training 50(70)568-581.
• Giacomin,o(2011) entrepreneurial intentions, motivations and
barriers.difference among American Asian and European students international
entrepreneurship and Management journal 7,219-238

46
 • Driessen M.P (2007) the entrepreneur scan measuring characteristics and traits
of entrepreneurs.

Websites:

• www.shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in
• www.researchgate.net
• www.slideshare.net

47
Appendix
QUESTIONNAIRE ON “A STUDY ON STUDENTS ATTITUDE
TOWARDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH SPECIAL
REFERENCE TO CHRIST COLLEGE, IRINJALAKUDA”

Dear Students,
I am the student of Christ College (Autonomous), Irinjalakuda, is
conducting a survey about the students attitude towards entrepreneurship with
special reference to Christ College Irinjalakuda. I kindly request you to fill the
questionnaire and provide necessary information regarding the above. It is
purely an academic activity and data collected will not be shared with anybody
for any purposes. All survey information is confidential.

1. Name:
2. Home town:
3. Gender: Male ☐ Female ☒

4. Age : 18-21 ☐ 21-24 ☐ 24-27 ☐

5. Do any of your family members or close relatives own a business?
Yes ☐ No ☐
6. If yes, mention the type of business
Sole proprietorship ☐ Partnership ☐
Corporation ☐ Others ☐
7. Does your institute promotes entrepreneurship and encourages ideas?
Yes ☐ No ☐
8. Factors to determine the attitude of students towards entrepreneurship
a) How interested are you in setting your own business immediately after
your studies?
Very much interested ☐

Interested ☐

48
 Neutral ☐
Uninterested ☐
Very much uninterested ☐

b) How attractive it would be for you to start a business?

Very much attractive ☐

Attractive ☐

Neutral ☐
Unattractive ☐

Very much unattractive ☐

c) In your institute students are actively encouraged to pursue their own
ideas.
Strongly agree ☐

Agree ☐

Neutral ☐
Disagree ☐

Strongly disagree ☐
9. Factors that attract students attitude towards entrepreneurial career
1 = strongly agree, 2 = agree, 3 = neutral, 4= disagree, 5= strongly
disagree

1 2 3 4 5
There is no limit to what
you can earn in business
I would rather be my own
boss rather than work for
someone else

49
 Entrepreneurship is a
rewarding career
Entrepreneurship can be
considered as a career
option in todays
globalized world
It is more important to do
a job well than try to
please people

10. Barriers to enter into business

1 = strongly agree, 2= Agree, 3= neutral, 4= disagree, 5= Strongly
Disagree

1 2 3 4 5
Start-up cost
Access to
capital
Regulatory or
policy barriers
Cultural and
Mind-set
barriers
Locational
Barriers

Questionnaire link (Google Form) link:

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfODe1_2sjnkjGVxuG16dvXg
5MQrXNZa_FG_9sp2iajbQXIvQ/viewform?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0

50