Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

EARTH AND
LIFE SCIENCE
GET READY TO ROCK

Quarter 1 Week 2 Module 4

Learning Competency: Classify rocks into igneous,

sedimentary, and metamorphic (S11/12ES -Ia-9).

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HOW TO USE THIS MODULE
Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will interrupt you
while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully
appreciate the objectives of this kit.

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of
this module.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Writing enhances
learning, that is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer key
card.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE MODULE

• Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module.
• Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.
• Looking Back to your Lesson - This section will measure what learnings and
skills did you understand from the previous lesson.
• Brief Introduction - This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
• Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform with a partner.
• Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.
• Check your Understanding - It will verify how you learned from the lesson.
• Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module.

Lesson Earth Materials and Processes:

4 Minerals and Rocks

EXPECTATIONS
You will have to identify the three main types of rocks based on how they form
and environment formation.
Specifically, this module will help you to:
• compare and contrast the different types of rocks based on their
physical properties.
• classify sample rocks into igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary
• describe briefly kinds of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks
• explain completely the processes involved in a rock cycle

Let us start your journey in learning more about different types of rocks by answering
the Pretest. Cheer up and answer each item with confidence!

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PRETEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

_______ 1) What is molten rock called?

A. Mineral C. Crystal
B. Magma D. Gem
_______ 2) What are the three main types of rocks?
A. Igneous, Sedimentary, and Foliated
B. Foliated, Non-Foliated, and Volcanic
C. Volcanic, Metamorphic, and Rocky
D. Metamorphic, Igneous, and Sedimentary
_______ 3) What type of rock is formed by heat and pressure?
A. Igneous C. Metamorphic
B. Volcanic D. Rocky
_______ 4) What type of rock is formed by volcanic activity?
A. Foliated C. Sedimentary
B. Non-Foliated D. Igneous
_______ 5) What type of rock is formed by weathering and erosion?
A. Sedimentary C. Metamorphic
B. Foliated D. Igneous

Great! You finished answering the questions. You may request your facilitator to check
your work. Good work and keep it up!

PREVIEW:
Would you agree with me if I say rocks and everything about rocks are already
part of your lessons in elementary science classes? Do you think you will still
encounter difficulty in engaging with the discussions and activities in this module
considering that you have adequate knowledge and resources about rocks? There is
nothing new in this module except for much deeper approach in content since you
are now in senior high school. What is a rock, exactly? After some thoughts and
study on this lesson, you will say that rocks are more or less hard solids, of natural
origin and made of minerals. But before you proceed to the lessons and stimulating
activities, let’s try an exciting exercise to sharpen your spelling ability. If your
answers are all correct you will earn points from your teacher.
Spelling Challenge: Correct Me If I’m Wrong!
For each number below inspect if the letter inside each box gives a correct
spelling or not. If not, write the correctly spelled word in the space provided to get
the exact idea.

1. It is a science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks.

Y G O L O G E
_____________________________________________________________

2. Solid homogeneous inorganic substances occurring in nature having a definite

chemical composition usually found in rocks.

M I N I R A L S
_____________________________________________________________

3. The remains of a plant or animal that existed in a past geological age and that
has been excavated from the soil.
F O S S I L E
_______________________________________
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BRIEF INTRODUCTION
Get Ready to Rock…Igneous! Metamorphic! Sedimentary!
Generally, rocks are identified by their distinctive set of minerals they contain,
most of these rocks are made of grains of one mineral type, or some have a mixture
of different minerals. Texture is another characteristic property used to identify rocks
such as description of their size, shape, and arrangement of mineral grains.
In this module, activities and discussion will focus on how rocks are classified
into three major groups on the basis of how they form. Rock groupings or
classification can be studied in hand samples that can be moved from their original
location, another way is by using outcrop, exposed rock formations that are attached
to the ground, at the location where they are found.
What are the three major classifications of
rocks? How do they form? What are their general
characteristics? These are frequent asked questions
about rocks but can be answered through
investigations and observations of actual rock
samples. The origin of these rocks including the
processes involved can be described and explained
through the so- called rock cycle.
Igneous rocks are those that solidify from magma, a molten mixture of rock-
forming minerals and usually volatiles such as gases and steam. Since
their constituent minerals are crystallized from molten material, igneous rocks are
formed at high temperatures, and originate from processes deep within the Earth
typically at depths of about 50 to 200 km (30 to 120 miles)—in the mid- to lower-
crust or in the upper mantle. formed when magma cools and solidifies underground.
Igneous rocks are of two kinds: Extrusive and Intrusive
Sedimentary rocks are formed by the compaction and cementing together
of sediments, broken pieces of rock-like gravel, sand, silt, or clay. Those sediments
can be formed from weathering and erosion of preexisting rock. Sedimentary rocks
also include chemical precipitates, the solid materials left behind after a liquid
evaporates. Clastic sedimentary rocks such as breccia, conglomerate, sandstone,
siltstone, and shale are formed from mechanical weathering debris. Chemical
sedimentary rocks, such as rock salt, iron ore, chert, flint, some dolomites, and some
limestones, form when dissolved materials precipitate from solution.
Metamorphic rocks are those formed by changes in preexisting rocks under
the influence of high temperature, pressure, and chemically active solutions. The
changes can be chemical (compositional) and physical (textural) in character.
Metamorphic rocks are often formed by processes deep within the earth that produce
new minerals, textures, and crystal structures. The recrystallization that takes place
does so essentially in the solid state, rather than by complete re-melting, and can be
aided by ductile deformation and the presence of interstitial fluids such as water.
There are two main types of metamorphic rocks: those that are foliated because they
have formed in an environment with either directed pressure or shear stress, and
those that are not foliated because they have formed in an environment without
directed pressure or relatively near the surface with very little pressure.

Can you identify from the figure above which rock is igneous? metamorphic? or sedimentary?

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ACTIVITIES:
Activity 1.1 Classifying Rocks
A. Objective: This activity promotes and builds students’
ability to classify rocks using their own observational skills
on some rock samples. Students will learn to interpret
features of rocks that are clues to their rock type and
environment formation.

B. Materials Needed:
• Hand Lenses
• Box of Rocks (24 compartments) may contain the following: Granite
Gabbro Rhyolite Basalt Pumice Scoria Obsidian Limestone (clastic)
Limestone (chemical) Conglomerate Sandstone Shale Slate Mica Schist
Gneiss Marble Quartzite
C. Procedure:
1. Provide each group with a box of rocks and hand-lenses.
2. Have each group make a list of ways that they could group the rocks.

3. Students may group the rocks according to their criteria. For example,
texture, size, shape or if you observe rocks with very fine crystals might
be in one group, those with bigger crystals might be in another group
and so on.
4. Students can make more groupings and re-arrange their groups if they
desire.
5. Have students record their groups and the criteria used to classify the
rocks into these groups.
D. Tabulated Results:
Rock Classification Observable
Rock Sample
(Sample Criteria) Characteristics
a. according to
texture

b. according to size

c. according to shape

E. Guide Questions:
1. What criteria did you use to classify rock samples?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. In each classification what are the observable characteristics
(commonalities or differences) among rock samples?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. Based on the criteria used, what are some rock samples that fit each?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

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Activity 1.2 My Type of Rock
A. Objective: The students will share their rock
classifications while the teacher helps the class
construct a list of characteristics for the three main
types of rocks and the environment of formation for
each rock type
B. Materials Needed: Granite, Basalt, Sandstone, Shale,
Conglomerate, Limestone, slate, Schist, Gneiss,
Quartzite
C. Procedure:
1. Let the whole class discussion centered around student observations. Make a
whole-class list of different ways to group rocks.
2. Introduce the three rock types: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.
Explain how each rock type forms. Some students in the group may be able
to provide this information.
3. Have students find the following rocks from their box. Explain the rock type
of these rocks and have students suggest what characteristics of these rocks
they could use to group these rocks together.
a. Igneous –Granite, Basalt
b. Sedimentary - Sandstone, Shale, Conglomerate, Limestone
c. Metamorphic – Slate, Schist, Gneiss, Quartzite
4. Use the comics story below to describe rock’s environment formation.

D. Tabulated Results:
How does Where can What are the Identify at least
What type of
this rock you find this characteristics of three examples
rock is it? form? type of rock? this type of rock? of each type
a.
1. Igneous b.
c.
a.
2. Sedimentary b.
c.
a.
3. Metamorphic b.
c.
E. Guide Questions:
1. What are the three main types of rocks? _____________________________________
2. How does each rock form? __________________________________________________
3. What is the location of each type of rock? ____________________________________

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 4. What are the characteristics of each type of rock? Give three (3) examples for
each type. __________________________________________________________________
5. What are the kinds of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks? _________
6. What is your favorite type of rock? Why? _____________________________________

Activity 1.3 Rock with a Never- Ending Rock Cycle!

The Rock Cycle is a group of changes. Igneous
rock can change into sedimentary rock or into
metamorphic rock. Sedimentary rock can change
into metamorphic rock or into igneous rock.
Metamorphic rock can change into igneous or
sedimentary rock. Although we may not see the
changes, the physical and chemical properties of
rocks are constantly changing in a natural, never-
ending cycle called the rock cycle.

1. Using the rock cycle diagram above, trace how an igneous rock changes into
another form of rock. What are the processes involved? Explain each.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Why rock cycle is called a never-ending cycle? ________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
REMEMBER
There are three basic types of rocks. Each type of rock forms under particular
conditions. As a result, each rock type provides a clue to the conditions present when
that rock was formed. Each rock type can be identified based on several observable
characteristics.
Observable
Rock Type Where Formed Example
Characteristics
1. Igneous
Extrusive Crystals are so These are molten magma that Basalt – usually dark gray
small and can't be erupted from volcanoes. They to black, fine-grained
seen with the cooled very quickly, which is volcanic rock; sometimes
naked eyes but why the crystals are usually has gas bubbles (vesicles)
Sometimes there very small.
are larger, visible
crystals in a very
fine-grained
matrix.
Intrusive Interlocking These rocks were once liquid Granite – pinkish, whitish
Crystals magma, but they did not erupt igneous rock with
from volcanoes. Instead, they interlocking crystals of
cooled slowly and the crystals quartz and feldspar.
had time to grow large. Sometimes includes mica.
2. Sedimentary
Clastic Composed of These rocks formed when loose Conglomerate – composed
smaller rocks sediment such as rocks and of pieces pebble-size or
cemented together, sand were deposited by water, larger
contains fossils compacted, and cemented Sandstone - composed of
and usually has together. These rocks form sand-size pieces
layers. along beaches, by rivers, or Shale - composed of pieces
under the water in lake or smaller than fine sand
oceans.

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 Chemical Usually with light Limestone – a whitish or
These rocks are also deposited
gray color grayish rock made of the
in water. However, they form as
sometimes with mineral calcite.
a chemical reaction in the
crystals,
water that leaves a chemical
sometimes with
deposit, usually on an ocean
shells, sometimes
bottom.
just massive.
3. Metamorphic Usually has These rocks formed when Quartzite –
interlocking igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphosed sandstone
crystals and layers metamorphic rocks are heated Slate – metamorphosed
(called foliation) and/or squished, forming a shale.
new rock type. This usually Schist – metamorphosed
happens during mountain sedimentary rocks that
building events (regional had lots of clay.
metamorphism), but also Gneiss – metamorphosed
happens during igneous activity granite.
(contact metamorphism).

CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Create a graphic organizer to demonstrate the interlocking relationship between the
three main types of rocks. Make sure to include the smaller groups of each type of
rock and write a brief description about it. You can use the sample diagram below
as a guide. You can be creative as you can in making your picture graphic organizer
for the main types of rocks.
IGNEOUS

METAMORPHIC
SEDIMENTARY

•EXTRUSIVE •REGIONAL
•CLASTIC METAMORPHISM
•INTRUSIVE
•CHEMICAL •CONTACT
METAMORPHISM

POST TEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
_______1. The three groups of rocks namely igneous, sedimentary and
metamorphic are classified by which of the following basis?
A. How they form C. Grain size
B. Color D. Chemical Composition
_______2. An igneous rock sample which is pinkish, whitish with interlocking
crystals of quartz and feldspar.
A. Basalt C. Obsidian
B. Granite D. Limestone
________3. A sedimentary rock made up of smaller rocks cemented together,
which contains fossils and usually has layers.
A. Pyroclastic C. Clastic
B. Classic D. Metamorphic
________ 4. It is a type of rock usually has interlocking crystals and layers called
foliation.
A. Metamorphic C. Igneous
B. Sedimentary D. Felsic
________ 5. The following are sedimentary rocks except:
A. Conglomorate, Sandstone, Shale C. Sandstone, Limestone, Shale
B. Shale, Limestone, Granite D. Slate, Gneiss, Basalt

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REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET
Name: ____________________________________________ Grade & Section: ____________

Get Ready to Rock!

REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET No. 4

Directions: Write a reflective learning about what you have learned about Rocks and
Types of Rocks, by answering the questions inside the box. You may
express your answers in a more critical and creative presentation of your
great learning. Happy Working!

The lesson on Rocks and

•What learnings have I •What examples can I
Types of Rocks, guides
found from this lesson? explore and think more?
me to ponder on...

•What learnings can I •What good character

•What is my conclusion
share with my family have I developed from
on the lesson?
and peers? this lesson?

REFERENCES
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/sanjac-earthscience/chapter/types-of-rocks/

https://geology.com/rocks/
http://www.educ.msu.edu/michiganrocks/MI%20Rocks%20website/3lesson.htm

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/geology/chapter/reading-the-rock-cycle/

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Winnie P. Deinla, Master Teacher II
Editors: Rebecca M. Roxas-EPS
Reviewers: Arlen Gatpo-PSDS
Management Team: Malcolm S. Garma, Regional Director
Genia V. Santos, CLMD Chief
Dennis M. Mendoza, Regional EPS in Charge of LRMS
and Regional ADM Coordinator
Maria Magdalena M. Lim, CESO V, Schools Division
Superintendent-Manila
Aida H. Rondilla, CID Chief
Lucky S. Carpio, Division EPS in Charge of LRMS and
Division ADM Coordinator