Quarter 4 – Module 2

Reading Comprehension
Lesson
IDENTIFYING POSITIONS OF A TOPIC
1 SENTENCE

i
 What Is It

Directions: Based on the activity above you were able to identify the main idea presented in
each group of pictures which leads you to the next level of understanding the lesson.
Essential questions:

 What helps you identify the main idea of the pictures?

_______________________________________________________

 Without much presentation of pictures do you think you can guess the main
idea? Why?
_______________________________________________________

A PARAGRAPH is a series of sentences that support a main idea, or point. A paragraph typically starts with
the main idea or point (also called the topic sentence), and the rest of the paragraph provides specific
details to support and develop the point.

The TOPIC SENTENCE states the main or the general idea of the paragraph. The topic sentence states
the subject and the purpose of the paragraph. The topic sentence in a paragraph summarizes what the
entire paragraph is all about. In most academic essays, though, the topic sentence is at the beginning.

Features of a topic sentence:

 it states the main idea it addresses one aspect of the subject that can be
adequately covered in one paragraph;

 it controls the other sentences in the paragraph; it is more general than the
sentences that develop it

POSITIONS OF TOPIC SENTENCE:

1. AT THE BEGINNING

Topic sentence is usually found at the beginning of a paragraph, where it gives a preview of
and direction to the sentences that come after it.
Examples:

ii
 A brownout for students would be a horrendous disaster. The students will not
be able to check their mail. They cannot receive their e-mails either. They cannot use
the fax machine too.

Student life today is not what it was then. Students log on to web sites instead of
going to libraries. Computers look for grammatical and typographical errors in their
papers unlike before when students reviewed, reread, and reedited their work for
hours.

2. AT THE MIDDLE

Less frequently, topic sentence comes in the middle of the paragraph, especially when the
paragraph is part of a longer piece of writing.
Examples:
The bird next to me was immature. He still had brown and tawny plumage instead of
the predominantly black color of the adult. For one thing, he may never have seen
another human being. But there is a better explanation; in remote Galapagos Islands,
there are hardly any land mammals, and the hawk is very nearly the sole predator. With
no enemies and almost no competitors, it has nothing to fear and plenty to eat.

Dancing and chanting, Polynesian students give visitors to the Polynesian Culture
Center a glimpse of Hawaii’s post. Through its exhibitions, the Polynesian Culture
Center shows visitors the many elements of Hawaiian culture brought to Hawaii
by Polynesians. For example, the Center shows the similarities between the
Polynesian and Hawaiian villages with life-size models. In addition, the Center
dramatizes Hawaiian legends of ancestors journeying across oceans

3. AT THE END

Sometimes, however, topic sentence comes at the end of the paragraph, where it draws a
conclusion or functions as a summary.

iii
Examples:

The mountain air around a lake invigorates and pleases me. I like a lake’s
underwater life, such as minnows and trout, and I enjoy observing the plant life around
me. Most important, a lake usually has no chemicals because lake water is clean,
natural, and more refreshing for swimming. I prefer swimming in a mountain lake.

I cannot cut and paste excerpts without my computer. I need my CD-ROM to check
the spelling and change fonts of my paper. I do all these on my computer at my own
leisure. I really don’t know how to write a paper without doing it directly on the
computer.

(https://www.slideshare.net/raneybacus3/the-paragraph-and-topic-sentence)

What’s More
Activity 2: True or False

Activity 2: Write TRUE if the sentence tells a correct idea about topic sentence and FALSE if
not.
___________1. The topic sentence does not entirely tell the idea of the paragraph.
___________2. The topic sentence states the subject and the purpose of the paragraph.
___________3. The topic sentence gives the reader the idea of what he/she is going to
read.
___________4. Topic sentence is usually found at the beginning of a paragraph.
___________5. A paragraph must only contains one main idea.
___________6. A paragraph is a group of related sentences that present and develop one
main idea.
___________7. A topic sentence maybe found at the beginning, middle and end of the
paragraph.
___________8. The topic sentence in a paragraph summarizes what the entire paragraph is
all about.
___________9. One cannot identify the topic sentence if he/she does not understand the
whole paragraph.
___________10. A topic sentence is usually a question.

What I Have Learned

A
Activity 3: HONING THE MIND
Directions: Read  the  paragraphs.  Underline  the  topic  sentence and identify where it is
located. (Beginning, Middle, End).

iv
1. My  brothers  all  have  jobs.  My  oldest  brother,  Edward,  is  a  doctor  at  the
hospital  in  the  centre  of   the  city,  and  the  second  oldest,  Daniel,  is  an
accountant  in  an  office  near  our  home.  My  youngest   brother  is  a  policeman.
I  am  the  only  brother  who  is  still  at  school.
Answer: _________________________
https://bit.ly/3d9ShJf

2. Miniature golf is both fun and relaxing. Because of the wide variety of course
themes, playing each individual course is like taking a mini-vacation. You can play
in exotic locales like jungles or pirate islands. You can travel in time and play in
different places in history. Or you can take a leap of the imagination and play under
the sea, in space, or in alien worlds. For a very low price, you can take a different
vacation every time you play! 
Answer: __________________

https://bit.ly/2UVpy4S

3. First of all, celebrities have to look almost perfect all the time. There’s always a
photographer ready to take an unflattering picture of a famous person looking
dumpy in old clothes. Celebrities also sacrifice their private lives. Their personal
struggles, divorces, or family tragedies all end up as front-page news. Last, and
most frightening of all, celebrities are in constant danger of the wrong kind of
attention. Threatening letters and even physical attacks from crazy fans are things a
celebrity must contend with. Thus, being a celebrity is often difficult.
Answer: ___________________
https://bit.ly/2Bjdhjw

4. People lie for different reasons.One common reason is to avoid hurting someone’s
feelings. For example, a friend might ask, “Do you like my new haircut?“ If you think
it’s ugly, you might still answer, “Yes.” Another common reason for lying is to avoid
a fight. 6Say a friend angers you and then asks, “Are you upset with me?” You
might answer, “No,” to avoid an argument. People also lie so that they’ll fit in, as
when you listen to a boring person and politely say, “That’s interesting.” In addition,
people lie to avoid spending more time with someone. For instance, you might lie, “I
have to go now.” Answer: ________________________

https://bit.ly/2Bjdhjw

5. There are several positive ways to encourage your family to exercise more often.
To begin with, get them to exercise more often by emphasizing how good they’ll

v
 feel and how much better they’ll look if they work out on a regular basis. A second
method you can use is to set an example. If they see you walking to stores rather
than driving, they might be encouraged to do likewise. Finally, make exercise a
family activity, suggest that the whole family go hiking or camping.
Answer: _________________________

https://bit.ly/2Bjdhjw

Lesson
IDENTIFYING DETAILS THAT SUPPORT
n2
Lesso THE TOPIC SENTENCE

3 What Is It

Support the main idea by telling when,

how, what, where, why, how much or how
many

SUPPORTING DETAILS Understanding the relationship between

the main idea and details will increase
your reading comprehension.

Supporting Details Process

Use a three-step process to identify supporting details.

Step 1: Identify the topic. To identify the topic of a reading, ask yourself, "What is this
about?" The answer provides the topic of the reading. It does not need to be a complete
sentence, and it is usually no longer than two or three words.

Step 2: Identify what the author is saying about the topic. To identify what the author is
saying about the topic, ask yourself, "What does the author want me to know about the
topic?" Again, this does not need to be a sentence and is generally five to seven words long.

Step 3: Identify details that support or explain the main idea. To find the main idea, first
take your answer from Step 1, add it to your answer from Step 2, and then find a phraseA
set of words that express an idea. A phrase may or may not form a complete sentence. or
sentence in the first part of the reading that most closely matches your answers. This will be
the main idea of the reading. To identify major supporting details that support that main idea,
ask yourself, "What else in the reading helps me to understand the author’s main idea?" To
identify minor supporting details, ask of each major detail, "What else in the paragraph helps
me to understand this

12
vi
 major supporting detail?" Be aware that not all major details require further
explanation, so they will not all have minor details supporting them.

(Source: https://bit.ly/37GbH7q)

Example:  (topic sentence is underlined; supporting details are highlighted)

There are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the world. First,
Canada has an excellent health care system. All Canadians have access to medical
services at a reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of education.
Students are taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying
at university. Finally, Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed. Canadian
cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live. As a result, Canada is a
desirable place to live.

 At times, those who govern also regard particular circumstances as too uncomfortable, too
painful, for most people to cope with rationally.   [the generalization] They may believe, for
instance, that their country must prepare for long-term challenges of great
importance, such as a war, an epidemic, or a belt-tightening in the face of future
shortages. [detail / examples] Yet they may fear that citizens will be able to respond
only to short-range dangers. Deception at such times may seem to the government
leaders as the only means of attaining the necessary results. [further detail]
(from Lying: Moral Choice in Public and Private Life, by Sissela Bok, p. 168.)

(Source:http://www2.actden.com/writ_den/tips/paragrap/support.htm)

TRY THIS!
Activity 2
DIRECTION: Read the paragraph. Find the topic sentence and supporting details using the
graphic organizer.

The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is an outstanding dictionary. It goes far beyond
meaning and punctuation, containing the history of every word that has ever been used in
the English language. It not only tell you what a word means today, it tells you everything
that a word has ever meant, using examples from classical literature, specialist periodicals,
film scripts and cookbooks. The OED also contains many more words than the average
dictionary. The latest edition of the OED contains over 600,000 words, and because it is so
big, the OED is made up of multiple volumes, like an encyclopedia. The OED has been more
a labor of love than a business proposition for its publisher, the Oxford University Press. It
has been in print for 150 years, and is now available for online subscription. Its publisher and
its contributors are committed to quality and tradition, which means a better dictionary for
you. Produced by and for people who love words, the OED is the best and most
comprehensive dictionary on the market.

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 https://bit.ly/37GrZ05

TOPIC SENTENCE

Lesson
Using Cohesive Devices in Transactional

3 Lesso
n
and Interactional Language

viii
 What Is It

INTERACTIONAL LANGUAGE is the language we use to build and maintain relationships.

It can be compared to transactional language, which normally carries a message and is the
language used to get things done. To maintain interaction, speakers use interactional
strategies.

Example
Learners in a multi-lingual group chatting together before a class begins are using
interactional language.

In the classroom
Teachers can present elements of interactional language, and raise learners' awareness of
interactional strategies by exposure to video and authentic conversation. Learners can learn
to use paralinguistic features such as gestures, eye contact, and body language, and
linguistic features used to maintain an interactional conversation including functions such
as expressing interest and asking for clarification.

TRANSACTIONAL LANGUAGE is language which is used to make a transaction and which

has a result. It can be compared with interactional language, which is used to maintain
relationships.

Example
Learners in exams are often required to write a transactional letter, which has a clear
objective, e.g. asking for a refund or for information, or making a complaint.

In the classroom
Transactional language is often taught more than interactional language, as it involves
shorter turns, simpler and more predictable language, and can have a measurable result.

(Source: https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/interactional)

Activity 2: TRY THIS!

ix
A. Determine whether the situation calls for the use of TRANSACTIONAL or
INTERACTIONAL LANGUAGE write your answer in the space provided before the
number.

___________________1. Asking for doctor’s appointment

___________________2. A meeting with a Financial Adviser
___________________3. Couple walking on the park while talking
___________________4. Seminar about illegal drugs
___________________5. At the cafe meeting a friend
___________________6. Holiday dinner with family
___________________7. Enrolling in a university
___________________8. Asking for directions heading to your friend’s
house
___________________9. Writing a business letter
___________________10. Calling your sister at home to check if she’s
fine.
___________________11. Attending a job interview in a company
___________________12. Persuading someone to buy the latest model
of television set
___________________13. Applying a part time job in a coffeshop.
___________________14. Attending a birthday party
___________________15. Conducting
20 an orientation to newly hired
applicants

COHESIVE DEVICES

 In writing means achieving a consistent relationship among parts

 Show the logical relationships between the various parts of an essay as well as
between sentences and paragraph
 are like bridges between parts of your paper
 they are cues that help the reader to interpret ideas in the way that you, as a writer,
want them to understand

TYPES OF COHESIVE DEVICES

1. To signal relation to time- Before, meanwhile, later, soon, at last, earlier,

thereafter, afterward, by that time, from then on, first, next, now, presently,
shortly, immediately, finally
2. To signal similarity- Likewise, similarly, once again, once more
3. To signal differences- But, however, although, even so, nonetheless, till, on
the other hand, on the contrary
4. To signal consequences- as a result, consequently, therefore, hence, for
this reason
5. Paragraph Transitions- and, so, because, but, yet, eventually, then, finally,
moments later
6. For emphasizing- In fact, certainly, absolutely, obviously, without any doubt,
definitely
7. For Summarizing- In conclusion, to conclude, in brief, overall, therefore

x
Examples:
1. At last, the mountain climbers reached the peak of the rugged mountain.
2. Earlier, the school principal announced the preparations for the coming
regional conference.
3. The teacher scolded the naughty boy in the class. Later, he went out the
classroom.
4. It was a hot evening. Afterward it rained and the night became cold and I
fall asleep.
5. First, there was a loud blast of siren. Next, the people were coming out
from their house to watch the big fire nearby.
6. Once again, the mayor reminded the people to remain calm during an
earthquake.
7. The beggar begged for food but nobody dared to look at him.
8. Although Jaime lost his book, he was 20 able to answer his assignment in
Math.
9. The children were busy playing with their dolls. By that time, their mother
was cooking food in the kitchen.
10. From then on, I never go out alone during night time.

TRY THIS!

Activity 3 Let’s Do It!

Direction: Fill in the blanks with the most suitable cohesive devices from the list.

When At the beginning Eventually However First Then At the end And For
instance

“El Norte” is an excellent and disturbing film about two immigrants to the United States. 1-
__________ of the film, we meet a family in Guatemala – mother, father, son and daughter.
2- __________the father is killed and the mother is taken to the prison, the son and the
daughter decide to go to “El Norte” – the United Statesby way of Mexico. At 3- __________,
they have trouble finding someone to take them across the Mexican border, but 4-
__________, they find a way across and end up in Los Angeles. 5__________, life in the
U.S. is not as easy as they thought it would be. 6- __________, they have to find housing, 7-
__________, they need to learn English 8- __________get jobs. 9- __________, they
succeed in accomplishing these three goals and life looks pretty good for them.
Unfortunately, 10- __________of the film, tragedy strikes and we are left wondering if “El
Norte” really is the land of opportunity after all.

(Source: https://mld.metu.edu.tr/tr/system/files/transitions_0.pdf)

When Because In addition Besides Whenever Whereas They Nevertheless Because

of These For example

Animals use various means to protect themselves. Color is one that is widely used as a
protective device. For instance, some birds display brightly colored feathers 1- ___________
they are threatened. These are designed to frighten away the enemy. 2-___________ to
color, some animals emit a peculiar smell for the same purpose. 3-___________, form may
be used to conceal the animal. Some insects, 4-___________, conceal themselves by
making themselves resemble plants of flowers. In this way, 5- ___________ are hardly
visible because they can merge into their surroundings. Other animals adopt regular patterns

xi
of behavior 6- ___________ they are frightened. Some pretend to be dead 7- ___________
others just come forward and stand still. 8-____________, buffaloes were almost eliminated
in the 19th century 9-___________ their lack of resistance to hunters.

(Source: https://mld.metu.edu.tr/tr/system/files/transitions_0.pdf)

What I Have Learned

Activity 4: Using Cohesive Devices

Direction: In communicating to others, we use cohesive devices to make our idea connected
to one another. Identify the cohesive devices in the following sentences.

1. On the last day of summer, the students prepared for the coming new school
year by fixing their things.
2. We are born alone, yet our greatest fear and insecurity is to be alone.
In one of his talks last June, the President urged the people to unite in the name of
progress.
3. Finally, I had to quit.
4. Later, we can look at old age as a gift from God.
5. Farmers are producing more food with modern equipment,meanwhile scientists have
also exploited new sources of food production.
6. Better varieties of rice and corn are produced. As a result, many scientific studies
and experiments are being carried out.
7. Scientists continue to make studies; consequently, they have discovered new
sources of protein as yeasts, bacteria, and molds.
8. “…I am overjoyed that part of Japan’s traditional culture is being channeled into
rehabilitation programs, but…there are no outlets to support regular sales.”
9. Techniques and skills need to be supported by market demand to take root,
10. Otherwise the concern is that they may fall by the wayside.

Lesson
e
sDistinguishing Between General and
s
o
Specific Statements
n

4 9

What Is It
xii
 General Ideas usually express the point or main idea of a piece of writing.
They present the topic of a paragraph, essay, or a book and make a
statement about it, usually a claim that needs to be proven.

Specific Ideas provide evidence to further define the general or main idea
and prove that it is valid.

Sample Paragraph 1:

1 My dog Pan is so much fun to play. 2 One reason he’s fun is because he
loves to play catch. 3 What’s also fun is that he follows me around the house
with a toy and drops it on my foot, so I will kick it. 4 Additionally, he can
catch just about anything, but his favorite thing to catch is a Frisbee. 5 Finally,
he loves it when I pretend like I’m falling dead, and he runs over to lick me. 6
All these reasons show why I really have fun playing with Pan.

In paragraph 1, the first sentence is the general statement. There is only one
general idea. General idea can be presented at the beginning or at the end of
a paragraph. The general idea has function to tell you (as the reader) what
the author is going to say. While statements 2-5 are the specific ideas or
supporting details that support the main idea. And the last

statement is the concluding sentence.

Sample Paragraph 2:

1.The country of Israel is now one of the most progressive countries of the world.
2 It was born in 1948. 3 Jews from all parts of the world came to settle in Israel.
4.They cleared the land, they planted crops, they built industrial and manufacturing
centers. 5 Today, the income per capita of Israel is higher than most countries of the east.

In sample paragraph 2, the first sentence is the general statement. There is

only one general idea. General idea can be presented at the beginning or at
the end of a paragraph. The general idea has function to tell you (as the
reader) what the author is going to say. While statements 2-4 are the specific

xiii
 ideas or supporting details that support the main idea. The last statement is

the concluding sentence.

What I Have Learned

Activity 4A: Let’s Do It!

What is the General Word?
Directions: Give the general term of the following words?
Example: pants, T-shirt, gloves, socks- clothes

Specific Word General Word

1. pincers, screw driver, hammer, drill

2. piano, guitar, drums, violin

3. boxing, basketball, football, skate board

4.
5. tiger, bear, snake, lion

6. oil, water, ink, gasoline

7. tenor, bass, alto, soprano

Lesson
Synthesizing Essential

5 Information Found in a
xiv
Given Text
1
4
What I Need To Know

Synthesizing simply means combining. Instead of summarizing the

main points of each source in turn, you put together the ideas and
findings of multiple sources in order to make an overall point.

At the most basic level, this involves looking for similarities and
differences between your sources. Your synthesis should show the
reader where the sources overlap where they diverge.

Example: (A quote from different sources)

“We know that people were buried there. And the stones are aligned
in astronomically important ways. We also understand, because of the
chemical composition of animal bones found nearby and the
provenance of the stones, that people travelled hundreds of miles to
visit Stonehenge.”

“It was believed that these particular stones had many healing
properties because in Preseli, there are many sacred springs that are
considered to have health-giving qualities.”

Synthesized: Stonehenge was used as a healing site for inhabitants

and travellers that were unwell and those that did not heal
were buried near the monument.

You can also find the definition and example of a figure of speech is a word
or phrase that possesses a separate meaning from its literal definition. It can
be a metaphor or simile, designed to make a comparison. It can be the
repetition of alliteration or the exaggeration of hyperbole to provide a dramatic
effect.
www.simplypsychology.org
https://study.com/academy/lesson/how-to-synthesize-written-
information.html

What Is It

xv
What is a figurative language?

A figure of speech is a word or phrase that possesses a separate meaning from its
literal definition. It can be a metaphor or simile, designed to make a comparison.
It can be the repetition of alliteration or the exaggeration of hyperbole to
provide a dramatic effect.
1.Simile is a comparison between two unlike things using the words
"like" or "as."
Examples :
1.As slippery as an eel
2.As blind as a bat
3. Like peas in a pod
2. Metaphor makes a comparison between two unlike things or ideas.
Examples :
1. Heart of stone
2. Time is money
3. The world is a stage
3.Hyperbole uses exaggeration for emphasis or effect.
Examples :
1.I've told you to stop a thousand times.
2. That must have cost a billion dollars.
3. I could do this forever.
4.Personification gives human qualities to non-living things or ideas.
Examples:
1.The flowers nodded.
2.The snowflakes danced.
3.The thunder grumbled.
5.Euphemism is a mild, indirect, or vague term that often substitutes
a harsh, blunt, or offensive term.

Examples:
1.'A little thin on top' instead of 'going bald.'
2.'Fell of the back of a truck' instead of 'stolen.'
6.Synecdoche occurs 65 when a part is represented by the whole or,
conversely, the whole is represented by the part.
Examples :
1.Wheels - a car
2.The police - one policeman

xvi
 3.Plastic - credit cards
7.Understatement occurs when something is said to make something
appear less important or less serious.
Examples:
1.It's just a scratch - referring to a large dent.
2.It's a little dry and sandy - referring to the driest
desert in the world.
8.Oxymoron is two contradictory terms used together.
Examples:
1.Jumbo shrimp
2.Sweet sorrow
3.Free market
9.Alliteration is the repetition of the beginning sounds of neighboring
words.
Examples:
1.She sells seashells.
2.Walter wondered where Winnie was.

11. Anaphora is a technique where several phrases or verses begin

with the same word or words.
Examples :
1. I came, I saw, I conquered. - Julius Caesar
2. Mad world! Mad kings! Mad composition! - King John II,
William Shakespeare
12.Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds (not just letters)
inwords that are close together. The sounds don't have to be at the
beginning of the word.
Examples:
1.A - For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels named
Lenore. (Poe)
2.E - Therefore, all seasons shall be sweet to thee. (Coleridge)
12. Irony occurs when there's a marked contrast between what is said
and what is meant, or between appearance and reality.
Examples :
1."How nice!" she said, when I told her I had to work all weekend.
(Verbal irony)
2. A traffic cop gets suspended for not paying his parking tickets.
(Situational irony)
English 8 LM/DLP Module

xvii
 66
What’s More!

Activity 2: Whole Poems

Directions: Read the poems below.

We Wear the Mask Poet Among Barbarians

By: Paul Laurence Dunbar By: John Gould Fletcher

We wear the mask that grins and lies, The rain drives, drives endlessly,
It hides our cheeks and shades our Heavy threads of rain;
eyes,-- The wind beats at the shutters,
This debt we pay to human guile, The surf drums on the shore;
With torn and bleeding hearts we Drunken telephone poles lean sideways;
smile,
Dank summer cottages gloom hopelessly;
And mouth with myriad subtleties.
Bleak factory-chimneys are etched on the
filmy distance
Why should the world be over wise, Tepid with rain.
In counting all our tears and sighs? It seems I have lived for a hundred years
Nay, let them only see us, while Among these things;
We wear the mask. And it is useless for me now to make
complaint against them.
We smile, but, O great Christ, our cries For I know I shall never escape from this
To thee from tortured souls arise. Dull barbarian country,
We sing, but oh the clay is vile Where there is none now left to lift a cool
Beneath our feet, and long the mile; jade winecup,

But let the world dream otherwise. Or share with me a single human thought.

We wear the mask.

xviii
 What I Can Do
Summary

Activity 4: I can do this

Determine which type of figurative language is being used in each sentence or phrase.
________________1. George works like a dog.
_______________2. He slurped his drink and guzzled it all down.
_______________3. My dad is my rock.
_______________ 4. Suddenly she screamed, but soon it seemed silly.
_______________ 5. The rain washed the earth clean.
_______________ 6. The sky was like a blue ocean with frothy white clouds.
_______________ 7. If she doesn’t get what she wants, it’s the end of the world.
_______________ 8. “Please Mr. Snow, keep falling so that school is cancelled!”
_______________ 9. Peter Piper picked a peck of peppers.
_______________ 10. When I’m on an open bike trail, I ride as fast as lightning.
_______________11. She told me to zip my lips and not reveal her secret.
_______________12. My bed held me gently and comforted me.
_______________13. The wet towel hit the floor with a splat.
_______________ 14. It was nice to see his best friend after all these years.

The world today continues to evolve and it requires us to be more equipped in any
means. It may be in mind or in skills but the most important thing is we have them both. The
topics that are being discussed in this module brought you a lot of learning that would
possibly lead you to be knowledgeable learner, however there are still a lot of things that you
need to know that is why you should never stop yearning for knowledge.
 Assessment: (Post-Test/Pre-Test)

The topic sentence for a paragraph is given below, followed by a number of details. Decide which
details should be included in a paragraph which uses the topic sentence.
Check the details which should be included and cross those should be excluded.

TOPIC SENTENCE: Sam is one of the best players on the baseball team.
Details:
1. Sam is a good athlete
2. Sam is very tall for his age.
3. Sam likes to eat pizza, but does not like spaghetti.
4. Sam hit two home runs in the last game.
5. Baseball is one of the best games played professionally in North America.

https://bit.ly/2Bfzijg

Let’s Analyze!!! Write T if the statement is true and F if the

statement is false.
_________________ 1. Directions must be clear.
_________________ 2. Following directions tells us to do, step by step, in the
correct order.
_________________ 3. The ability to follow directions cannot draw the difference
between success and failure in a task.
__________________ 4. When giving directions, make sure to include all
necessary information.
__________________ 5. Korean beliefs and Filipino beliefs are the same.

Activity: General or Specific

Directions: Write G if the statement is a general idea and S if the statement is specific
idea.

_____1. Mario Andretti is a successful race –car driver.

70
_____2. On labor day in 1963, Mario Andretti won seven midget races.
_____3. Modern medicine has improved the lives of people.
_____4. Computer aided diagnosis and new surgical equipment quickly identify
disease and treatment procedures.
_____5. People differ in numerous ways.
Lesson 1
Activity 1: LABEL US!
Key to Answers
Possible Answers
Lesson 2
Activity 3: Identify the Topic Sentence
1. Technologies
2. Social Media 73
3. 1.Garden
The bestTools
trip my family ever took was to New Orleans, Louisiana.
4. 2.Kitchen
It is importantutensils
Tools/ to completely wash all utensils before using them.
5. Tourist Spots
3. It turns out that poetry isn’t old-fashioned; it’s as modern as the latest hit song!
Lesson 1
4. Growing a garden can be fun, good exercise, and will provide fruits and
Activity 2: TRUE OR FALSE
vegetables
Possible Answers
for the gardener.
1. FALSE10. Sometimes
6. TRUE
it is hard to fall.
2. TRUE 7. TRUE
3. TRUE
Activity 4 : 8. TRUE
4. TRUE 9. TRUE
5. 1.
TRUE A, B, C 10. FALSE
6. 2. B, D, E
Lesson3.1 D, F, A
Activity
4.3:
A, HONING
D, E THE MIND
1. My brothers  all  have  jobs.  – Beginning
5. B, D,
2. Miniature A is both fun and relaxing.- Beginning
golf
3. Thus, being a celebrity is often difficult.- End
4. People lie for different reasons.- Beginning
Activity
5. There 4 : positive ways to encourage your family to exercise more often.- Beginning
are several
Answers may vary.

Lesson 3
Activity 1: Picto-Analysis
Answers may vary.
Lesson 3
Activity 2: TRANSACTIONAL or INTERACTIONAL LANGUAGE
1. TRANSACTIONAL
2. TRANSACTIONAL
3. INTERACTIONAL
4. INTERACTIONAL
5. INTERACTIONAL
6. TRANSACTIONAL
7. TRANSACTIONAL
8. TRANSACTIONAL
74
9. INTERACTIONAL
10. INTERACTIONAL

Lesson 3
Activity 2: TRY THIS!
1. At the beginning
2. When
3. first
4. then
5. However
6. First
7. then
8. and
9. Eventually
10. at the end

Activity 3: Let’s Do It!

1. when/whenever
2. In addition
3. Besides
4. for example
5. they
6. whenever/when
7. whereas
8. Nevertheless
9. because
10. of

Activity 4:
1. On the last day of summer, the students prepared for the coming new school
year by fixing their things.
2. We are born alone, yet our greatest fear and insecurity is to be alone.
In one of his talks last June, the President urged the people to unite in the
name of progress.
3. Finally, I had to quit.
4. Later, we can look at old age as a gift from God.
5. Farmers are producing more food with modern equipment,meanwhile
scientists have also exploited new sources of food production.
6. Better varieties of rice and corn are produced. As a result, many scientific
studies and experiments are being carried out.
7. Scientists continue to make studies; consequently, they have discovered new
sources of protein as yeasts, bacteria, and molds.
8. “…I am overjoyed that part of Japan’s traditional culture is being channeled
into rehabilitation programs, but…there are no outlets to support regular
sales.”
9. Thus, Techniques and skills need to be supported by market demand to take
root,
otherwise the concern is that they may fall by the wayside.
TOPIC SENTENCE: Sam is one of the best players on the baseball team.
DETAILS:
1. Sam is a good athlete.
2. Sam is very tall for his age.
Assessment:
Talks about (Post-Test)
Sam but not his baseball ability.
3. Sam likes to eat pizza, but he does not like spaghetti.
Talks about Sam’s food preference but not his baseball ability.
4. Sam hit two home runs in the last game.75
5. Baseball is one of the best games played professionally in North America.
Talks about baseball but not Sam’s ability to play it.
6. When the pitcher throws the ball, Sam has a good eye and can determine
where the ball will go in relation to the plate.
7. Sam can run to first base faster than anyone on the team.
8. Sam is a member of the safety patrol at school.
Talks about Sam but not his baseball ability.
9. Baseball was invented by Abner Doubleday in Cooperstown, New York.
Talks about baseball but not Sam’s ability to play it.
10. Sam can pitch, hit and catch very well.
11. Sam is a very good player at first base or short stop.
12. Michelle is almost as good a player as Sam.
Talks about Sam and his baseball ability BUT the subject of the sentence
is Michelle and just because she’s almost as good as him, doesn’t mean
he’s good!
13. Sam likes the new glove his father bought him for his birthday.
Talks about Sam and his baseball equipment but not his baseball ability.
14. Sam can read the pitcher very well and knows when he should attempt to steal
a base.
15. One day when our team was losing, Sam hit a grand-slam home run, which
allowed us to win the game.
Lesson 4
Activity 1: Missing Word
(Answers may vary-possible answers are given)

Activity 2: General Or Specific

1. G
2. S
3. G
4. S 76
5. G
6. S
7. S
8. S

Activity 3: Which are General? Which are Specific?

1. beverage
2. weights
3. TV Programs
4. Social Sciences
5. emotion
6. insects
7. science
Activity 4: What is the General Word
1. tools
2. musical instruments
77
3. sports/games
4. animals
5. liquid
6. voice

Activity 5: Which is More Specific?

1. b
2. b
3. a
4. b
5. b
6. b

Activity 6: Fill in the Table

Paragraph 1
Amelia Earhart was a famous woman.

Paragraph 2
The color of a metal changes when its temperature changes.

Lesson 7
Activity 1: Real News vs. Fake News
Answers may vary

Activity 2: Read Me
Answers may vary

Activity 3: Filling the Empty Chart!

Answers may vary

Activity 4: Venn Diagram

Answers may vary

Activity 5: Honing the Mind

Answers may vary

Activity 6: Multiple Choice

1. A
2. D
3. D
4. A
5. B
Lesson 8
Activity 1: Picto-Analysis
Answers may vary

Activity 2: Let’s Watch This!

Answers may vary
83

Activity 3: Let’s Do This

Answers may vary

Activity 4: Honing the Mind

Answers may vary

Activity 5: Think About It

1. C. There is a plate that says “Happy Birthday on it. There’s also a table covering
with ‘Hap’ on it and colorful balloons.
2. A. The hose is blank except for the little area where she is putting the frosting.
3. D. Gingerbread houses are popular at Christmas in December. She is also
wearing a long sleeve sweater. The other girl in the picture also in long sleeves.

Activity 6: What Conclusions Can You Make?

1. B
2. C
3. D
4. A
5. D

Lesson 9

Activity 1: Read Me
Answers may vary

Activity 2: Whole Poems

1. a
2. a
3. c
4. c
5. d
Activity 3: Matching Type
84
1. c
2. e
3. a
4. f
5. b
6. g
7.d
.
Activity 4: I Can Do This
1. Simile
2. Onomatopoeia
3. Metaphor
4. Alliteration
5. Personification
6. Simile
7. Hyperbole
8. Apostrophe
9. Alliteration
10. Simile
11. Idiom
12. Personification
13. Onomatopoeia
14. Understatement