VIRTUAL LABORATORY

DJJ30103 STRENGTH OF MATERIALS

VIRTUAL LAB: TENSILE / SHEAR / BEAM DEFLECTION / TORSION
EXPERIMENT: BENDING TEST CLASS/SECTION: DKM3C
NAME: MATRIX NUMBER:
1. SHAHNURULIDATU BINTI SHAHRAN 23DKM20F1053
2. MATHIVANAN A/L TANGAVELU 23DKM20F1055

DATE OF EXPERIMENT: 31/12/2021

LECTURER: PUAN NORLIZA BINTI IDRIS

• CLO 3: Organize appropriately experiments in groups according to the Standard Of Procedures

• PLO 5 : Apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern engineering and IT tools to well-defined engineering problems, with an
awareness of the limitations(DK6)

CRITERIA 1 2 3 4 5 SCORE

1.Objective Virtual Lab Not only one stated All objective Two objective stated One objective Complete stated
stated incorrect incorrect stated incorrect and correct

2.Simulator Step More than three step Complete stated Complete stated with Complete stated Complete stated
is missing and with correct correct figure.Only with correct with correct figure
incorrect figure figure.Only three two figure or step figure.Only one figure
figure or step missing figure or step
missing missing

3.Data Collection No data stated Incomplete data Incomplete data and Incomplete data Complete data and
and graph. three graph. Two data or and graph.One data graph
data or graph is graph is missing or graph is missing
missing

4.Analisis & Calculation All calculation is All calculation is All calculation is All calculation is All calculation is
stated but all stated only three stated only two stated only one stated and correct
calculation are incorrect incorrect incorrect
incorrect

5.Final Result No result stated Three result Two result missing One result missing Complete result
missing

6.Discussion & No discussion and Below two Two discussion and Three discussion Four and above
conclusion discussion and conclusion and 1 and conclusion discussion and
Conclusion conclusion and 2 wrong conclusion
wrong

7.Reference Not stated Only 1 either Only 2either source 2 source from 3 source from
source from from internet or 2 internet and book internet and book
internet or book from book each. each.

TOTAL

SIGNATURE OF LECTURER NOTE:

Total Score = (35/35)*100 = 100%

 VIRTUAL LABORATORY

STRENGTH OF MATERIALS – DJJ 30103

SESI 1 : 2020 / 2021

1.0 Virtual Lab : TENSILE TESTING/SHEAR TESTING/BEAM DEFLECTION TESTING/TORSION TESTING

2.0 Objective Virtual Lab :

i) To study the behavior of the mild steel rod subjected to a gradual increasing equal loads at 1/3rd span

and to determine mechanical properties.

ii) To identifi the relationship between load, width, height and deflection of a beam, paced on two bear

affected by a concentrated load at the centerr.

3.0 Simulator Step.Paste ALL step simulator here.

STEP 1 : Measure the Initial Diameter of the bending test sample in two perpendicular directions using

vernier caliper, calculate the initial area and Moment of Inertia.

Figure STEP 1
STEP 2 : Measure the length of the specimen using scale keeping the span of the beam as L=690mm

based on the limitation of the experimental setup.

Figure STEP 2

STEP 3 : Based on the span of the beam being L= 690mm mark on the test sample Mild Steel rod

by using a chalk at the mid-span and one-third loading points where a dial gauge is placed.

Figure STEP 3

STER 4 : Insert the specimen between the special 2-Point loading setup with roller supports which is

being fixed on the lower crosshead of the Universal Testing Machine. Adjust all the dial gauges

to zero.

Figure STEP 4
STEP 5 : Start the loading process, note down the deflections using dial gauges under mid-span, one-

third span. Stop the experiment once the specimen has been yielded.

Figure STEP 5

STEP 6 : Once the yield limit is crossed, the specimen Mild Steel rod will have a permanent bend or

deformation as it has crossed the elastic limit.

Figure STEP 6
STEP 7 : Plot load vs deformation at mid-span

Figure STEP 7

STEP 8 : Plot theoretical deflection at one-third span vs average experimental deflection at one-third

span within elastic limit.

Figure STEP 8
4.0 Data Collection. Paste here ALL data taken and graph.

Figure Data 1

Figure Data 2

Figure Data 4

Figure Data 3
Figure Graph
Figure Graf
5.0 Analysis and Calculation.Show ALL calculation here.

Cross sectional area of the specimen

𝜋×𝑑 2
A=
4
𝜋×24.652
=
4
= 477.23 𝑚𝑚2

Moment of Inertia

𝜋×𝑑 4
I=
64
𝜋×24.654
=
4
=18114.13 𝑚𝑚4

Stress at yeild point (MPa)

𝐹
Stress =
𝐽
8898928.645
=
18114.13
= 491.27 𝑀𝑃𝑎

Modulus of elasticity, E (GPa)

23×𝐿3 ×𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒×9.81
E=
1296×𝐼
23×6903 ×654.33×9.81
=
1296×18114.13
= 210.59 𝐺𝑃𝑎
6.0 Final Result.Key in your result in the system, then paste your result here.

7.0 Discussion & Conclusion

Bending strength is defined as a material's ability to resist deformation under load, it represents
the highest stress experienced within the material at its moment of rupture. There are two types of
bending tests. Three point bending test and four point bending test. In a three-point bending test the area
of uniform stress is quite small and concentrated under the center loading point. In a four-point bending
test, the area of uniform stress exists between the inner span loading points (typically half the outer span
length).

When a specimen is bent, it experiences a range of stresses across its depth. At the edge of the
concave face the stress will be at its maximum compressive value. At the convex face of the specimen the
stress will be at its maximum tensile value. Most materials fail under tensile stress before they fail under
compressive stress, so the maximum tensile stress value that can be sustained before the specimen fails
is its flexural strength. The flexural strength would be the same as the tensile strength if the material were
homogeneous. Therefore, the flexural properties of a specimen are the result of the combined effect of
all three stresses as well as (though to a lesser extent) the geometry of the specimen and the rate the load
applied. Bend testing provides insight into the modulus of elasticity and the bending strength of a
material.

From bending equation,

Two-point loads 'P/2' are applied at a distance of 1/3 L from the ends.

The moment due to two-point loads P/2 at 1/3rd span is and moment of inertia about

the neutral axis is

Then the yield stress is

Then to determine the deflection at the center of the span,

Deflection with respect to A is = moment of M/EI diagram between AE about A

Then the deflection at B above E is =moment of M/EI diagram between BE about B

 The deflection of B below A=

Then the deflection under point load P/2 at B is

8.0 Reference

➢ IS: 1599(1985): Method for Bend Test, Second Revision, Third Reprint ,February 1997.
➢ E.J.Hearn, Mechanics of Material, Pergaman Press, England,1972.
➢ F.P.Beer and E.R.Johnston, Mechanics of Material, 3rd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, New-
Delhi, 2007.
➢ F.L. Singer. Strength of Materials, Harper and Row Publishers.
➢ G.E. Diater, Mechanical Metallurgy, SI Metric Edition, McGraw – Hill.
➢ https://sm-nitk.vlabs.ac.in/exp/bending-test-mild-steel/theory.html
➢ https://www.pcepurnia.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bending-test.pdf