ETHICS MODULE 1

Mary A. Pati-on
BPA 1A

LESSON 1
Motivation
Activity No. 1 Classify the following into groups: moral standards and non-m
standards. (15 pts)
• No talking while your mouth is full.
• Do not lie.
• Wear black or white for mourning; never red.
• The males should be the one to propose marriage not females.
• Don't steal.
• Observe correct grammar when writing and speaking English.
• Submit school requirements on time.
• If you are a male, stay by the danger side (roadside) when walking with a female.
• Go with the fashion or you are not "in".
• Don't cheat others.
• Don't kill.
• When you speak, pronounce words correctly.
• Focus the microscope properly.
• Maintain a 36-24-36 body figure

Moral Nonmoral

-Don't kill. -No talking while your mouth is full.

-Don’t lie -Wear black or white for mourning; never red.
-Don’t steal -The males should be the one to propose
-Don’t cheat others marriage not females.
-Observe correct grammar when writing and
speaking English.
- Submit school requirements on time.
- If you are a male, stay by the danger side
(roadside) when walking with a female.
- Go with the fashion or you are not "in".
- When you speak, pronounce words correctly.
- Focus the microscope properly.
- Maintain a 36-24-36 body figure

Learning Activities
Activity No. 2 Song Analysis: Frank Sinatra’s “My Way.”
My Way

[Verse 1]
And now, the end is near
And so I face the final curtain
My friends, I'll say it clear
I'll state my case of which I'm certain
I've lived a life that's full
I travelled each and every highway
But more, much more than this
I did it my way

[Verse 2]
Regrets, I've had a few
But then again, too few to mention
I did what I had to do
And saw it through without exemption
I planned each chartered course
Each careful step along the byway
But more, much more than this
I did it my way

[Verse 3]
Yes, there were times, I'm sure you knew
When I bit off more than I could chew
But through it all, when there was doubt
I ate it up and spit it out
I faced it all and I stood tall
And did it my way

[Verse 4]
I've loved, I've laughed and cried
I've had my fill, my share of losing
And now, as tears subside
I find it all so amusing
To think I did all that
And may I say, not in a shy way
Oh, no, oh, no, not me,
I did it my way

[Verse 5]
For what is a man, what has he got?
If not himself, then he has naught
To say the things he truly feels
And not the words of one who kneels
The record shows
I took the blows
And did it my way

[Outro]
Yes, it was my way

1. What’s your favorite line from the song, My Way? Why is it your favorite?
I've loved, I've laughed and cried, I've had my fill, my share of losing.
2. Does the song suggest choice or freedom? How?
Yes, the song expresses that nothing in life matters than living on your own
terms.
3. If a beast like a cat could sing the same song, could the cat be honestly singing
what the song expresses?
No, because no animal or a beast can express the meaning of the song. Only the
people can do this masterpiece and can give the feeling and meaning of the
song.

Activity No. 3 Video Presentation

In a 3-4 minute video presentation, explain why only human beings can be ethical
demonstrating unlimited freedom or the absence of freedom. Send the video via messenger.
Record yourself discussing your answer. (20 pts)

Activity No. 4 Case Analysis

Read and analyse the moral dilemma below. What would you do if you are in the situation?

1. The English Teacher (15 pts).

You are an English teacher at a high school. Two of your pupils are very bright and
gifted whom you have always enjoyed teaching. They have always achieved A grades
throughout their school years, and are now in their final year and getting ready to
graduate. Unfortunately, both of them have been very ill this term, and missed several
weeks of schooling. They have just turned in a report which is worth 40% of their final
grade, but you realize that they did not write it themselves – they have copied a report
found online and tried to pass it off as their own work.
If you report their plagiarisation to the school authorities, it will be entered on their
permanent record and they will no longer be eligible to attend the prestigious university
that they have dreamed of attending all through high school. If you refuse to accept the
report, their final mark will be very poor and may harm their chances of being chosen for
this university. If you mark the paper as though you believed it was their own work, she
will do very well, and stand every chance of getting their desired university place. What
should you do?
Answer: As her teacher, I know that plagiarism is a crime but I won’t immediately make my
decision that could harm their goals. Instead, I would go visit my ill student and tell them their
mistakes and explain to them that what they did was wrong. I will give them a chance to redo
their work and write it themselves using their own opinion. If they won’t do it, I won’t accept and
mark their plagiarize work.

2. The Divergent Road

Does the divergent road tell what a moral dilemma is? Explain your answer in the space
provided below. (15 pts)

Answer: The divergence in real life signifies moral dilemma. We will face many difficult choices
in life! But we must listen to our heart and follow the road which we want, not depending on
others! We mustn't take one way just because its easy! We should follow what we want. And we
will not be regretting the road not taken!
3. Explain why only human beings, not the brutes (animals), can be ethical? (15 pts)
Answer: They are both living things but differ in the way they think. An animal can think but is
limited only while humans can think reasonably, based on their feelings, actions, and situations
and plants, well I think they cannot. We, humans, have a tenet, we know what is ethics, we
could decide what the right thing to do or the wrong things to do. Only human beings can be
rational, logical, and autonomous. Rational, because we look for a reason before we decide on
something. Logical, because we’re true to what we are doing. Autonomous, because we know
our duty as a person, we know what is right and wrong and we also know our moral duty rather
than our desire.
Activity No. 5 Identifying Levels of Moral Dilemma

In a 3 paragraph essay, recall an experience in which you can say that such an
experience was one of the 3 levels of moral dilemma. Tell us what your actions were and the
lessons you learned from that experience. (20 pts)
It was when I learned that my friend was dating a playboy and she has no idea about it. And she
was madly in love with him that she won’t let anyone ruin their relationship. I question myself,
“should I tell her about her boyfriend? that has a big chance that she won’t believe me and she’ll
end our friendship or should I let her learn her lesson on her own?”. In the end, I decided to tell
and convince her because I don’t want her to be hurt.

At first, she didn’t believe me and said that I wasn’t supporting her, she didn’t notice me for days
and keeps on avoiding my presence. I was really sad that time because I thought that I’ve made
a wrong decision but seeing her with that guys makes me really mad to but I didn’t stop
convincing her until she believes me. She broke up with that guy, and I’m glad that we didn’t
lose our friendship.

I’ve learned we should help anyone and If you don’t want them to be hurt, let just help them no
matter what circumstance it can lead.

Activity No. 6

In a 2 paragraph essay, create your own definition of morality based on your

experiences and observations (10 pts)

Morality is what society treats as right and acceptable. They’re the standards of thoughts,
behaviors, and actions that everyone in a group agrees to follow so they can all live peacefully.
orality does sound like law. However, while the law is influenced by morals, they’re not the same
but they’re quite similar in many ways actually. Both morality and law are built on the foundation
of respect for all humans as well as the autonomy of life, property, and beliefs.

Talking about morality in a sense makes us all more moral. Because it teaches us why we are
the way we are, and how we can improve upon that. Morality is not measured in absolutes, but
fractions of different pieces from different places that make up the whole pie we have come to
know as humanity.

Assessment

1. Here are two questions: Which is a moral question, which is a non-moral question?
Defend. (5 pts)
Can one eat while praying?
 Can one pray while eating?
Answer: The moral question between the two is the “can one eat while praying?” and
the non-moral one is the latter one. It is because a person is not allowed to eat while
praying since they are thanking God for the blessings, which is the food that is being
given to them. also, eating while praying is a disrespectful act because it gives a vibe
that praying is not crucial before you eat. On the other hand, a person can pray while
eating because it shows that they are savoring the food that is being given to them.

2. I did not dress appropriately/formally for a formal party. Which did I fail to observe?
Moral or non-moral standard? Defend your answer. (5 pts)
Answer: If you didn’t dress formally at a formal party, you failed to follow the non-moral
standard. People at the party wear formal clothes and you are not wearing it, which
means you didn’t give importance to the given etiquette for that gathering which falls to
the non=-moral standards.

3. Distinguish between moral standards and non-moral standards. (5 pts)

Answer: Moral standards are norms that individuals or groups have about the kinds of
actions believed to be morally right or wrong, as well as the values placed and what we
believe to be morally good or morally bad. Moral standards normally promote the good,
that is the welfare and well-being of humans as well as animals and the environment.
Moral standards, therefore, prescribe what humans ought to do in terms of rights and
obligations. Non-moral standards on the other hand, refer to rules that are unrelated to
moral or ethical considerations. Either these standards are not necessarily linked to
morality or by nature lack ethical sense. Basic examples of non-moral standards include
rules of etiquette, fashion standards, rules in games, and various house rules.
Technically, religious rules, some traditions, and legal statutes are non-moral principles,
though they can be ethically relevant depending on some factors and contexts.
4. How can you say that what you experience is a moral experience? (5 pts)
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5. Why do you think the concept or definition of what is moral changes from one society
to another? (15 pts)
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LESSON 2
Motivation
Activity No. 1 Marriage Practices

In the table below, provide at least 5 difference between the traditional marriage
practices of Filipinos and Koreans. Explain the “why” behind these different marriage practices.
(You may attach some pictures to further illustrate) Are they morally acceptable?

Filipinos Koreans
1. Formal Introductions and 1. A Wild Goose
Negotiations

2. Parental Blessings 2. Respectful Bowing

3. Veil and Cord 3. Pye-baek

4. Lighting of the Unity 4. Noodle Banquet

Candle

5. Money Dance 5. Processional Parade

I can say that Filipinos and Koreans are different in marriage traditional, and that is because
they have also a different culture. a typical Filipino wedding consists of the following rituals: a
candle lighting, a coin blessing, a veiling, the tying of the nuptial cord, as well as the throwing of
rice grains. During the candle ceremony, the ninong and ninang would light the couple's
candles, who then light up a larger, middle candle as a sign of unity. Catholic in origin, it
signifies Jesus Christ as the Light of The World, ever-present during the couple’s marriage. The
three candles, on the other hand, are a reminder that this commitment takes 3 to be complete -
the 2 partners and God.

Learning Activities
Activity No 2 The Filipino Character: Source of Moral Experience

In a 3 paragraph essay, you are to narrate a personal experience, analyze how

problems were rooted in Filipino qualities, and, from hindsight, provide a recommendation on
how you would have done things differently. At the same time, evaluate the Filipino moral
qualities that need to be changed. (20 pts)
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Activity No. 3
Give at least 5 indigenous peoples in the Philippines and cite at least one (1)
unique values or moral concepts among their group. Create a graphic organizer to
illustrate your answer on the space below. (15 pts)

Mangyan Igorot Agusan Ibaloi Magbukun

Manobo Ayta
Peace-loving— Humility and strong in mind Creativity sharing, trust in
and proud to Simplicity and spirit should not God and
be Mangyan disrespect the determination
symbols
Activity No. 4 Moral Behavior across Cultures

Determine the differences in moral behavior of at least 3 societies (e.g., Filipinos,

Americans, and Italians) in aspects such as but not limited to marriage, beliefs, traditions,
customs, norms, etc. Cite at least 3. Use a graphic organizer to present your output. (15 pts)

Filipino Japanese American

Filipinos are very religious, Japanese are most likely Helping others is a matter.
respectful, and love to thinking of others they are We can see that many
express their gratitude. very hospitable and very American always volunteer
People from foreign honest. We can see in the in times of calamities and in
countries really love to visit videos online that Japan is any part of the world,
Philippines because one of the lowest numbers because they want to show
Filipinos are very of crime. their love and support by
hospitable, and they also helping others.
respect everyone’s beliefs
and culture.
Gratitude

Activity 5 Universal Values

 If you are the president of the United Nations General Assembly and you would like the
world to adhere to at least 10 universal values, what would it be and why? Give reasons for
each universal value. Then discuss why those universal values are necessary for human
survival. (20 pts)
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Assessment
I. DIRECTION: Read and analyze the questions. Express and substantiate your thoughts
through a 2 to 3 – sentence essay. Use the rubric as your guide.

5 3 1
Indicators Meet Standards Approaching Standards Below Standards

--All information is relevant --Some information is relevant

--Information is not
Coherence and is related with the other and is somehow related with
relevant.
concepts. the other concepts.

Correctnes
s of --States the correct --States a partially correct --The implication stated
Implication implication of the situation. implication of the situation. is incorrect.

--Does not convince the

--Convinces the reader of the
--Convinces the reader of reader of the
importance of the subject at
Quality of the importance of the importance of the
some extent and was able to
Information subject and was able to subject and wasn’t able
correctly use the concepts correctly use the concepts
to use concepts
discussed above. discussed above.
discussed above.
1. Cite a behavior of yours which is influenced by your culture. Is that behavior morally
right? (5pts)
the behavior that I have that was influenced by my culture is to always respect the
elders and greet them with the gesture that is known as “mano” or “bless” in English.
yes because

2. Define culture in your own words? (5pts)

culture is
00:37
something that's learned

3. Explain cultural relativism in your own words. (5pts)

cultural relativism is actually the perspective of a particular culture of what is right and
wrong and it says that right and wrong is culture-specific which means there is
something that is right in one culture it might be wrong in another culture we can have.
cultural relativism is the idea that norms beliefs and values are dependent on their
cultural context and should be treated as such. The concept of cultural relativism states
that cultures differ, so that a cultural trait, act, or idea has no meaning or function by
itself but has meaning only within its cultural setting.

4. What is the strength of cultural relativism? What about its weakness? (5pts)
The strength of cultural relati vism is that it promotes greater diversity and
understanding of ethical differences and reduces the likelihood of an imperialist
imposition of values. The weakness of cultural relativism is its propensity towards
quietism which may compromise action to protect human rights.

5. Among the weaknesses of the Filipino character, which of them applies to you? What
have you done to counteract such to become the moral person you are called to be? (5
pts)
Among the weaknesses of the Filipino character, I can say that the one that applies to
me was Lack of discipline. I am aware that I have this kind of character because
sometimes I didn’t focus on something that I need to do, and the example of that was
my modules. I always say “bukas na yan” mamaya na yan” and ended up cramming
because the due date is coming and haven’t finished my work yet,

6. What would happen if there were no universal values? Elaborate your answer (5 pts)
I think if there was no universal value the world would be a big mess. In the absence of
universal values, there will be no peace, friendship, understanding, loving. Everyone
can’t sense right and wrong. we cannot grow and develop our nation because without
universal values, there will be no stronger unity.

7. What is rido? Should this be prevented or be respected as a cultural practice?

Explain your answer. (5 pts)
Rido is Long-standing blood feuds persist in Muslim Mindanao. For me, we should
prevent this kind of cultural practice because it is hard to have an enemy, it affects not
only the clans that are directly involved but even the whole community where it exists.
People should promote peace and stop creating more problems that can damage their
families and community.

II. True or False. Write T if the statement is TRUE and F if the statement is FALSE. Write your
answer on the space provided.

___1. You need to embrace someone else’s culture for you to be a true cultural
relativist.
___2. Culture affects human behaviour.
___3. Culture is inherited not learned.
___4. Culture is the people’s way of life.
___5. Culture influences human person, who is the moral agent.
___6. Some moral standards are relative to the norms of one’s culture.
___7. Cultural perspective and cultural relativism are the same.
___8. Truth is relative according to cultural relativists.
___9. According to cultural relativist, what may be true to you, may not be true to me.
___10. Ethnocentrism is the practice of viewing and judging someone else’s
culture based on the values and beliefs of others.

LESSON 3
Motivation
Activity No. 1
Share an experience that shaped your values and moral formation. It may be a
conversation that determined your career, an event that changed the course of your life
or anything else that you believe has determined what you have become.

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Learning Activities
Activity No. 2
The Heinz dilemma
Heinz partner was dying. There was one drug that the doctors thought might
save Heinz spouse. It was a form of radium that a druggist in the same town had
recently discovered. The drug was expensive to make, but the druggist was charging
ten times what the drug cost to produce. Heinz, went to everyone to borrow money, but
could only get together about $1,000 which is half of what it cost. Heinz asked the
druggist to sell the drug for a cheaper prize or pay later. But the druggist said: "No, I
discovered the drug and I'm going to make money from it." So Heinz got desperate and
broke into the laboratory to steal the drug. Should Heinz have broken into the laboratory
to steal the drug? Why or why not? Answer in 5 – 10 sentences. Use the rubric below to
guide you as you answer. (15 pts)
This decision lets Heinz save his wife and both of them can live happily. This thinking is
based on the thought that the rigidity in law should be rejected and justice should be
done on moral grounds.

Rubric
Indicators Expert (15) Accomplished Capable (8) Beginner (5)
(12)
Discussion of the Very Clear Clear Acceptable Needs
subject matter Improvement
Application of the Very Clear Clear Acceptable Needs
concepts to the Improvement
question
Quality Writing Piece was written Piece was written Piece had little Piece had no
in an in an interesting style and voice; style or voice;
extraordinary style and voice; gives some gives no new
style and voice; somewhat information but information and
very informative informative and poorly organized very poorly
and well- organized manner organized
organized
Grammar Usage Virtually no Few spelling, A number of So many
and Mechanics spelling, punctuation, or spelling, spelling,
punctuation, or grammatical punctuation, or punctuation, or
grammatical errors grammatical grammatical
errors errors is present errors.

Activity No 3
From a theoretical point of view, it is not important what the participant thinks that
Heinz should do. Kohlberg's theory holds that the justification the participant offers is
what is significant, the form of their response. Below are some of many examples of
possible arguments. Based on the given arguments, identify the stage among
Kohlberg's six stages of moral development: (3 pts per item)

Argument Kohlberg's six stages of

moral development
1. Heinz should not steal the medicine because he Stage 1
will consequently be put in prison which will mean
he is a bad person.
2. Heinz should steal the medicine because he will Stage 2
be much happier if he saves his wife, even if he
will have to serve a prison sentence.
3. Heinz should not steal the medicine because a Stage 3
prison is an awful place, and he would more likely
languish in a jail cell than over his wife's death.
4. Heinz should steal the medicine because his wife Stage 3
expects it; he wants to be a good husband.
5. Heinz should not steal the drug because stealing Stage 4
is bad and he is not a criminal; he has tried to do
everything he can without breaking the law, you
cannot blame him.
6. Heinz should not steal the medicine because the Stage 4
law prohibits stealing, making it illegal.
7. Heinz should steal the drug for his wife and take Stage5
the prescribed punishment for the crime and pay
the druggist what he is owed. Criminals cannot
just run around without regard for the law, actions
have consequences.
8. Heinz should steal the medicine because Stage 5
everyone has a right to choose life, regardless of
the law.
9. Heinz should steal the medicine because saving a Stage 6
human life is a more fundamental value than the
property rights of another person.
10. Heinz should not steal the medicine, because Stage 6
others may need the medicine just as badly, and
their lives are equally significant.

Activity No. 4 5

Research on the lives of South Africa’s Nelson Mandela and Germany’s Adolf
Hitler. Write a two paragraph essay about the development of their moral character
(compare and contrast). Who would you emulate? Why? (20 pts)
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Rubric
Indicators Expert (20) Accomplished Capable (10) Beginner (5)
(16)
Discussion of the Very Clear Clear Acceptable Needs
subject matter Improvement
Application of the Very Clear Clear Acceptable Needs
concepts to the Improvement
question
Quality Writing Piece was written Piece was written Piece had little Piece had no
in an in an interesting style and voice; style or voice;
extraordinary style and voice; gives some gives no new
style and voice; somewhat information but information and
very informative informative and poorly organized very poorly
and well- organized manner organized
organized
Grammar Usage Virtually no Few spelling, A number of So many spelling,
and Mechanics spelling, punctuation, or spelling, punctuation, or
punctuation, or grammatical punctuation, or grammatical
grammatical errors grammatical errors.
errors errors is present

Activity No. 5 My journey in stages of moral development.

In a powerpoint presentation, show incipient moments in your life and where you
are now in the stages of moral development. Be creative in your presentation. (20 pts)
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Assessment
I. DIRECTION: Read and analyze the questions. Express and substantiate your thoughts
through a 3 to 5 – sentence essay. Use the rubric as your guide.

Indicators Expert (10) Accomplished Capable (5) Beginner (3)

(7)
Discussion of the Very Clear Clear Acceptable Needs
subject matter Improvement
Application of the Very Clear Clear Acceptable Needs
concepts to the Improvement
question
Quality Writing Piece was written Piece was written Piece had little Piece had no
in an in an interesting style and voice; style or voice;
 extraordinary style and voice; gives some gives no new
style and voice; somewhat information but information and
very informative informative and poorly organized very poorly
and well- organized manner organized
organized
Grammar Usage Virtually no Few spelling, A number of So many spelling,
and Mechanics spelling, punctuation, or spelling, punctuation, or
punctuation, or grammatical punctuation, or grammatical
grammatical errors grammatical errors.
errors errors is present

1. How is a moral character developed? (10 pts)\

The moral character is not given to us from birth. It was developed by taking care
and educating ourselves.

2. Explain this statement. “The measure of an individual’s real character is what that
person does when he or she knows that no one else will find out.” – MacSalay (10 pts)

people who run around showing everyone their greatness and generosity are not doing
so to help people, or because they are kind-hearted people, but rather out of a selfish
need to be recognized by the other people to get fame and attention. But there are
some people who help willingly not because they want to gain fame and attention but to
do what is right even if no one can find out. That is what can measure a man’s real
character.
3. Based on the narration of St. Paul's and St. Augustine's conversion can we say one's
defining moment is one's moment of conversion? (10 pts)
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4. How do we get to the highest level, conscience-based moral decisions? (10 pts)
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5. Which level of Kohlberg's moral development did the Greatest Teacher, Jesus Christ,
reach? Explain your answer. (10 pts)
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