This module was developed for the students to enhance the maximum development of the principles

and ideas of every student that leads to the growth and unfolding of Mathematical concept and skills in
illustrating the need for axiomatic structure of a mathematical system in general, and in Geometry in
particular namely (a) defined terms;(b) undefined terms;(c) postulates; and (d) theorems.

The most essential learning competency aligned in this module is:

1. Illustrates the need for axiomatic structure of a mathematical system in general, and in Geometry
(M8GE - IIIa –c- 1)

Primarily, the scope of this module is to develop your skill in illustrating the need for axiomatic structure
of a mathematical system in general, and in Geometry. While going through this module, you are
expected to:

1. Illustrates the need for an axiomatic structure of mathematical system in general, and in Geometry in
particular:

a. defined terms;

b. undefined terms;

c. postulates; and

d. theorems.

Let us determine how much you already know about illustrating the need for axiomatic structure of a
mathematical system in general, and in Geometry. If you answer all the test items correctly in this
pretest, then you may skip studying this learning material and proceed to the next learning module.

DIRECTION: Read and understand each item, then choose the letter of your answer and write it on your
answer sheet.

1. What geometric property best describes the statement: If two angles form a linear pair, then they are
supplementary?

A) The Supplement Postulate C) The Exterior Angles Theorem

B) Vertical Angle Theorem D) Quadrilateral Interior Angle Theorem

2. What property explains the conditional: If a = b and b= c, then a =c?

A) Associative Property C) Transitive Property

B) Symmetric Property D) Reflexive Property

3. Vertical angles are ____________.

A) equal C) congruent

B) angles D) lines

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4. The sum of the degree measures of the angles of a triangle is ______.

A) 90 C) 360

B) 180 D) 720

5. For any a, b, and c, if a=b, then ac=bc, what property of equality illustrates the given mathematical
statement?

A) Multiplication Property of Equality B) Addition Property of Equality

C) Division Property of Equality D. Subtraction Property of Equality

6. The sum of the measures of the angles of a convex quadrilateral is _______.

A) 90 C) 120

B) 360 D) none of these

7. For any a and b with c = 0, if a =b, then 𝑎/𝑐=𝑏/𝑐. What property is this?

A) Multiplication Property of Equality B) Addition Property of Equality

C) Division Property of Equality D. Subtraction Property of Equality

8. The measures of an ____________ of a triangle is equal to the sum of the measures of its two remote
interior angles.

A) exterior angle C) complementary angle

B) interior angle D) supplementary angle

9. Which of the following theorem states that, “Any two right angles are congruent”?

A) Right Angles Congruency Theorem B) Polygon Exterior Angle Theorem

C) Regular Polygon Interior Angle Theorem D. Regular Polygon Exterior Angle Theorem

10. What is the sum of the measures of the angles of a convex polygon with n sides?

A) [(n-2)180] /2 C) [(n-2)90]/2

B) [(n-2)360]/2 D) none of these

11. What is the measure of each angle of a regular n-gon?

A) [(n-2)180]/2 C)[ (n-2)90]/2

B) [(n-2)360]/2 D) none of these

12. What property explains the conditional: “If a = b, then b = a”?

A) reflexive property C) symmetric property

B) transitive property D) distributive property

13. Using transitive property, what conclusion can be made?

Given that: AB = CD and CD = OP

A) AB = OP C) OP = CD

B) AB = CD D) AB = CD and CD = OP

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14. What geometric property best describes the statement: Supplements of congruent angles are
congruent?

A) The Supplement postulate B) Vertical Angle Theorem

C) Angle Sum of a Point Postulate D) Supplement Theorem

15. What is the sum of the measures of the angles at a point?

A) 90 C) 720

B) 360 D) 180

Activity 1. Complete Me!

Direction: Read each statement or question below carefully and fill in the box the missing letters.
1. A statement that serve as a starting point from which theorems are logically derived.

2. A mathematical system is referred to as Euclidean Geometry.

3. It refers to terms remained without definition.

4. It is undefined term with no dimension.

5. These are basic universal truths.

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Were you able to complete the task? If yes, you may proceed to the next page. If no, take time to finish
for you to better understand the next discussions.

In our study of previous mathematics, you have learned the operational properties of equality and their
applications to the number system. We shall now study the applications of these properties to the
measures of segments and angles.
Properties of Equality
Let a, b, and c be real numbers.

1. Reflexive Property of Equality

For any a, a=a.
Examples:
a. m∠𝐴= m∠𝐴
b. AB=AB
2. Symmetric Property
If a=b, then b=a.
Examples:
a. If m∠𝐴 = 90, then 90 = m∠𝐴
b. If AB + CD= 45, then 45 = AB + CD
3. Transitive Property
If a=b and b=c, then a =c.
Examples:
a. m∠𝐴 = m∠B and m∠B = m∠C, then m∠A = m∠C
b. m∠A + m∠B = 180 and m∠C + m∠D = 180, then m∠A + m∠B = m∠C + m∠D = 180.
4. Addition Property of Equality ( APE )
If a=b and c= d, then a+c = b+d
Examples:
a. If m∠ S + m ∠ T = 80, then m ∠ T = 80 - m ∠ S.
b. If AB + XY = 55, then XY = 55 – AB.

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5. Multiplication Property of Equality ( MPE )
If a=b and c =d, then ac=bd
Examples:
a. If ½ m ∠ N = 100, then m ∠ N = 50.
b. If 15 QR=25, then QR = 25 (5) = 125
6. Substitution Property of Equality ( SPE )
If a = b, then a can be substituted for b in any equation or expression
Examples:
a. If AB = TU = 150, and AB = DE, then DE = TU = 150.
b. If m∠ A = m∠ B = 180, and m∠ A = m∠ C, then m∠ C = m∠ B = 180.
7. Distributive Property
a ( b+c) = ab + ac, where a, b, and c are real numbers.
Examples:
c. 4 ( y +5) = 4y + 20
d. 8 (x – 2) = 8x -16

Now, it’s your turn to apply the concepts on illustrating the need for axiomatic structure of a
mathematical system and geometry.

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Activity 3. Your Turn!
A. In problems 1 to 6, use the property to complete the statement.
1.) Transitive Property of Equality:
If 2 = x, and x = y then _________________
2.) Symmetric Property of Equality:
If ∠1 ≅ ∠ 2, then ______________.
3.) Addition Property of Equality:
If AB = CD , ____________+ EF = _______________+ EF .
4.) Distributive Property:
If 5(x-8) = 2, then __________________x + ______________=2.
5.) Transitive Property of Equality:
If 𝑚∠ 1 = 𝑚∠ 2 and 𝑚∠ 2 =𝑚∠ 3, then_____________.
6.) Multiplication Property of Equality:
If 𝑚∠ x =𝑚∠ y, then 2𝑚∠ x = _________________.
B. Name the property of equality or postulate on the following statements.
1.) If 𝑚∠ 6 = 𝑚∠ 7, then 𝑚∠ 7 = 𝑚∠ 6 ____________________________
2.) If ∠ 1 and ∠ 2 form a linear pair, then 𝑚∠ 1 + 𝑚∠2 = 180.
____________________________
3.) If JK = KL and KL = 12, then JK =12. _________________________
4.) 𝑚∠ W = 𝑚∠ W _______________________________

Great! You have reached this part of the module. To ensure your full understanding on the concepts
related to illustrating the need for axiomatic structure of a mathematical system in general, and in
Geometry it’s important that you are able to complete each statement below.
Activity 4: State Me!
Illustrate the following properties by giving an example on each. Write your answer on the space
provided.
a. Reflexive Property of Equality._________________________________
b. Symmetric Property of Equality.________________________________
c. Transitive Property of Equality._________________________________
d. Addition Property of Equality.__________________________________
e. Subtraction Property of Equality._______________________________
f. Multiplication Property of Equality.______________________________
g. Division Property of Equality.___________________________________
h. Substitution Property.________________________________________
i. Distributive Property._________________________________________

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Activity 5: What’s My Wisdom?
The wisdom below will keep the family members away from drugs and other destructive vices. Match
column A to column B to form a word that will complete the wisdom. Use the figure below.

Column A Column B
1. ∠ 𝐴 ≅ ∠ A O. Transitive Property
2. m∠BLR + m∠BLO = 180 and
m∠TOS + m∠SOL = 180, then
m∠BLR + m∠BLO = m∠TOS + L. Reflexive Property
m∠SOL
3. If LE = OV, then OV=LE E. Vertical angles are congruent.
4. ∠ 1 ≅ ∠2 V. Symmetric Property

Wisdom Echoed: __________ and sacrifice save the family.

Let us determine how much you have learned from this module. Read and understand each item, then
choose the letter of your answer and write it on your answer sheet.
1.) State the property. If a = b, then b = a.
A) reflexive property C) symmetric property
B) transitive property D) distributive property
2.) The measures of an ____________ of a triangle is equal to the sum of the measures of its two
remote interior angles.
A) exterior angle C) complementary angle
B) interior angle D) supplementary angle
3.) Which of the following properties of equality justifies the following statement? “Any geometric figure
is congruent to itself.”
A.) Associative Property C) Transitive Property
B) Symmetric Property D) Reflexive Property
4.) What theorem is this? Any two right angles are congruent.
A) Right Angles Congruency Theorem B) Polygon Exterior Angle Theorem
C) Regular Polygon Interior Angle Theorem D. Regular Polygon Exterior Angle Theorem
5.) What is the sum of the measures of the angles of a convex quadrilateral?
A.) 260 B.) 160 C.) 36 D.) 60

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6.) Which of the following properties of equality justifies the following statement? Any geometric
figure is congruent to itself.
A) Symmetric Property C) Commutative Property
B) Transitive Property D) Substitution Property
7.) Vertical angles are ____________.
A) unequal B) parallel C) congruent D) lines
8.) Which property best describes the statement; if m + 4 = 14, then m = 10
A) Substitution Property of Equality B) Subtraction Property of Equality
C) Multiplication Property of Equality D) Reflexive Property of Equality
9.) Which property best justifies the conditional: If m ∠1 = m∠2 and m ∠1 =m∠3,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑚∠2 = 𝑚∠3?
A.) Associative Property C) Transitive Property
B) Symmetric Property D) Reflexive Property
10.) Which of the following theorems states that the sum of the measures of the angles of the convex
quadrilateral is 360?
A) Quadrilateral Interior Angle Theorem B) Complement Theorem
C) Polygon Interior Angle Theorem D) The Exterior Angles Theorem
11.) What geometric property best describes the statement: If two angles form a linear pair, then they
are supplementary?
A) The Supplement Postulate C) The Exterior Angles Theorem
B) Vertical Angle Theorem D) Quadrilateral Interior Angle Theorem
12.) What geometric property is this? ”If two angles form a linear pair, then they are supplementary.
A) The supplement Postulate C) The Exterior Angles Theorem
B) Vertical Angle Theorem D) Quadrilateral Interior Angle Theorem
13.) Use the transitive property to draw a conclusion.
Given: AB = CD and CD = OP
A) AB = OP B) AB = CD C) OP = CD D)AB = CD and CD = OP
14.) What is the sum of the measures of the angles at a point?
A) 90 B) 360 C) 720 D) 180
15.) Which of the following properties the conditional statement: “If a = b and b= c, then a =c”?
A) Associative Property C) Transitive Property
B) Symmetric Property D) Reflexive Property

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References:
Acelajado, Maxima J., Bundalian, Lolita B. and Buzon, Olivia N. (2000).
Mathematics for the New Millenium Third Year.Makati City:DIWA
Scholatic Press Inc.
Benes, Salita C., et. al (1999).Fundamentals of Maths Third Year.Quezon
City:FNB Educational, Inc.
Bernabe, Julieta G. and Jose-Dilao, Soledad Ed.D. (2009). Geometry –
Revised Edition. Quezon City: SD Publications, Inc.
Fabio, Celestino R., et. al(1983). Geometry Math 3.Quezon City:Rex Printing
Company, Inc.
Glorial, Jonathan C.,et. al (2013) 21st Century Mathematics. Quezon City:
Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
Oronce, Orlando A. and Mendoza, Marilyn O. (2018). Exploring Math 8
Texbook. Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.