COMMUNITY ORGANIZING PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH

Presented to

The Faculty of the

University of Pangasinan

College of Health Sciences

Dagupan City

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for the Degree

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING

Block 3

November 2021

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

“A hand works on its best with others encouragement and support.”

The conductors of this Community Diagnosis would like to express their heartfelt

appreciation to everyone who helped make this study possible.

First and foremost, we would like to express our gratitude and praises to our Lord God, the

Father Almighty, for blessing us with the strength, patience, perseverance, knowledge, and

capability to make this Community Diagnosis possible. We glorify His name through this study

for, without Him, all of these are in vain.

To the Dean of the College of Health Sciences, Maria Teresa R. Fajardo, RN, MAN, Ph.D.;

to the Assistant, Dean Rosario Charisse R. Venzon, RMT, RN, MAN; the Level 3 BSN

Coordinator Jayvee De Guzman, and Professor Dennis S. Baylon, our Community Health Nursing

(RLE) professor and adviser, we would like to express our sincere appreciation for all the God-

given expertise, knowledge, and encouragement for the improvement of this Community

Diagnosis. We are extremely grateful for what she taught us.

To the families of the students of Level 3BSN-03, for their responses and their never-

ending support to the academic endeavors of their future nurses. It is really appreciated that they

took part in this paper.

To the students of 3BSN-03 who devote their time and effort to the conduction of this

community diagnosis. This study has been completed thanks to their participation, collaboration,

dedication, determination, hard effort, and patience.

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 Table of Contents

Page No.

Title i

Acknowledgement ii

Table of Contents iii

Introduction 1

Methodology

Study Design 3

Locale of the Study 3

Sources of Data 4

Research Instrument 4

Data Gathering Procedure 5

Variables 5

Results and Discussions

Figure and Table 1. Family Structure 6

Figure and Table 2. Family Decision Maker 7

Figure and Table 3. Religion 9

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Figure and Table 4. No. of Alive Children 10

Figure and Table 5. No. of Deceased Children 12

Figure and Table 6. Gender 13

Figure and Table 7. Age 14

Figure and Table 8. Age and Sex Distribution 17

Figure and Table 9. Civil Status 19

Figure and Table 10. Educational Attainment 20

Figure and Table 11. Current Employment 22

Figure and Table 12. Food Expenditure 24

Figure and Table 13. Clothing Number in Times of Buying 25

Figure and Table 14. Housing 26

Figure and Table 15. Schooling 28

Figure and Table 16. Other Family Expenditure 29

Figure and Table 17. Type of Home 31

Figure and Table 18. Ownership Status of House 32

Figure and Table 19. Ownership Status of Lot 33

Figure and Table 20. Number of Bedrooms 35

iv
Figure and Table 21. Availability of Private Vehicle 36

Figure and Table 22. Ventilation 37

Figure and Table 23. Lighting 39

Figure and Table 24. Surroundings 40

Figure and Table 25. Source of Water Supply 41

Figure and Table 26. Storage of Drinking Water 43

Figure and Table 27. Containers Used in Drinking Water 44

Figure and Table 28. Toilet Facilities 45

Figure and Table 29. Garbage Disposal 47

Figure and Table 30. Food Storage 48

Figure and Table 31. Drainage System 49

Figure and Table 32. Presence of Animals 51

Figure and Table 33. Backyard Gardening 52

Figure and Table 34. Health and Other Facilities 54

Figure and Table 35. Indigenous Health Workers 55

Figure and Table 36. Sources of Health Funds 56

Figure and Table 37. Food Preference 58

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Figure and Table 38. Common Rice Combination 59

Figure and Table 39. Presence of Nutritional Disorder 60

Figure and Table 40. Health Center Utilization 61

Figure and Table 41. Reasons for Health Center Utilization 62

Figure and Table 42. Health Worker Consulted in Times of Illness 64

Figure and Table 43. Usual Illness in the Family 65

Figure and Table 44. Other Diseases in the Family 67

Figure and Table 45. Immunization Status of Children (0-12 mos.) 68

Figure and Table 46. Family Planning Acceptance 69

Figure and Table 47. Family Planning Methods 70

Figure and Table 48. Methods of Infant Feeding 73

Figure and Table 49. Health Education Subjects 74

Figure and Table 50. Prevention of COVID-19 76

Figure and Table 51. Sources of Information in Prevention of COVID-19 77

Figure and Table 52. Ratings of Coping with COVID-19 79

Figure and Table 53. Affected Aspects in this Pandemic 81

Figure and Table 54. Ways in Dealing with Affected Aspects 82

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Figure and Table 55. How Long will this Pandemic Last 84

Scoring and Identifying Health Problems and

Priority Setting of Community Health Problems 86

Community Nursing Care Plans 90

Summary, Conclusion, Community Diagnosis and Recommendation

Summary 94

Conclusion 97

Community Diagnosis 99

Recommendation 100

References 104

Appendices

Community Health Assessment Form 107

Curriculum Vitae 124

vii
 INTRODUCTION

A community is a group of people in a small or large social fabric living together that has

something in common, such as religion, norms, values, or identity, etc. is a ‘Community.’

Communities often share a sense of belongingness over a particular place, which is situated in a

given geographical area. (Singha, 2019)

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines community health as the environmental,

social, and economic resources to sustain emotional and physical well-being among people in ways

that advance their aspirations and satisfy their needs in their unique environment. It is a branch of

public health that focuses on people and their role as determinants of their own and other people’s

health. This is in contrast to environmental health, which focuses on the physical environment and

its impact on people’s health.

It is a major field of study within the medical and clinical sciences that focuses on the

maintenance, protection, and improvement of the health status of population groups and

communities.

Working at the community level promotes healthy living, helps prevent chronic diseases,

and brings the greatest health benefits to the greatest number of people in need. It also helps to

reduce health gaps caused by differences in race and ethnicity, location, social status, income, and

other factors that can affect health according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

(CDC) in 2019.

Community health nursing involves a holistic approach to patient care. Interventions are

aimed at individuals, families, and groups within a geographic area. Nursing care focuses on

managing and preventing diseases as well as educating a community about maintaining well-being.

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To determine how to educate and treat a community, nurses should consider the cultural beliefs,

environment, lifestyle, and socioeconomic factors.

Community health nursing is important because there are members of society who do not

have access to healthcare. Nurses work in communities to reach people who need assistance with

treating medical conditions and maintaining their health.

Community health must be assessed and addressed by community health nurses, thus the

Level 3 BSN block 3 is conducting a community diagnosis on PHINMA University of Pangasinan

community

Community diagnosis, according to WHO definition, is “a quantitative and qualitative

description of the health of citizens and the factors which influence their health. It identifies

problems, proposes areas for improvement and stimulates action”. The purpose of community

diagnosis is to define existing problems, determine available resources, and set priorities for

planning, implementing, and evaluating health action, by and for the community.

This study, therefore, aims to assess the community of 3BSN3 of PHINMA University of

Pangasinan located at Arellano St., Dagupan City. The researchers aim to determine how the

community has in terms of health and safety, as well as identify any gaps in the community's health

and safety, such as health threats from a potential etiologic agent-causing disease and dangers in

the environment. These data will be recorded and evaluated so that researchers can formulate an

effective community diagnosis. Furthermore, the goal of this study is to help the PHINMA

University of Pangasinan community in becoming a healthier environment for its citizens. This

study will be able to make recommendations for the community's improvement.

2
 METHODOLOGY

This chapter includes the study design, locale of the study, sources of data, research instrument,
and data gathering procedure. This chapter explains the structure, and procedures that are done in
this study.

Study Design

The researchers utilized mixed methods as their study design to gather, identify, and

interpret the community’s problem. According to Wisdom (2013), the term “mixed methods”

refers to an emergent methodology of research that advances the systematic integration, or

“mixing,” of quantitative and qualitative data within a single investigation or sustained program

of inquiry. In this study, the researchers make use of surveys and interviews for our quantitative

and qualitative methods, respectively. The quantitative approach was used to tally the data from

the respondents through frequency and percentage, while the qualitative approach was used for the

analysis and conclusion of the respondent’s data.

Locale of the Study

The study took place in the community of PHINMA University of Pangasinan located at

Arellano St., Dagupan City. The researchers chose this community because they are currently not

allowed to physically interact with one particular community outside the campus because of the

COVID 19 pandemic.

3
Sources of Data

In this study, community health nurses chose respondents to involve the family of Level 3

of Bachelor of Science in Nursing Block 3 students, wherein a total of 25 (sample) family

respondents comprises 124 individuals.

There are two categories of specialization of the respondents: (1) those students composed

of (25) nursing students of Level 3 BSN Block 3 currently studying at PHINMA-University of

Pangasinan during the first semester of the academic year 2021-2022; and (2) those respondents

must be a family member of the nursing students involved in the study.

The data to be used in this study will be gathered from the responses of the selected

respondents through the means of survey forms and interviews.

Research Instrument

The survey-questionnaire method will be used to collect data for this study.

According to Sincero (2021), a survey questionnaire is a set of questions used in a

survey. The survey questionnaire is a type of data gathering method that is utilized to collect,

analyze, and interpret the different views of a group of people from a particular population. The

survey questionnaire has been used in different fields such as research, marketing, political

views, psychology, etc. People use survey questionnaires to gather information that is beneficial

to a group of individuals. The survey questionnaire uses statistical analysis to collect data, and

the result of it will be used in the development of an individual or to a community.

The researchers choose this data gathering for it is easy and direct which can help them in

this study.

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Data Gathering Procedures

Prior to conducting the actual data gathering procedure, the researchers will go through a

standardized protocol of obtaining authorization from qualified individuals. The researchers will

first confer with their research adviser if their research study is viable and relevant. The researchers

will then submit an official letter to the Dean of the College of Health Sciences seeking approval

to undertake the research study. If the dean authorizes, the researchers will also send a letter to the

program head and a letter of informed consent to the study population.

The respondents will therefore accomplish the questionnaire form in their own residences,

at their convenience.

The information obtained from the respondents will be tallied and their respective

frequency and percentage is calculated. The researchers will then examine the data and conclude,

as well as a community diagnosis and recommendations.

Variables

This research study integrates variables and focuses on these. The location of the chosen

community, the respondents' distinctiveness, and other societal factors constitute the independent

variables. On the other hand, the responses that will be acquired, the findings, the conclusions

which will then be drawn, the community diagnosis that will also be done, and the

recommendations that will be made will all be reliant on the independent variables.

5
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter shows the graphical and tabular representations of the frequency and percentage of
the responses gathered from the 25 families chosen for this study.

Figure 1. Graphical Presentation of Family Structure

FAMILY STRUCTURE
8%

24%

68%

Single Parents Extended 3rd QtrNuclear

Table 1
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Family Structure
FAMILY STRUCTURE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Nuclear 17 68%
Extended 6 24%
Single Parents 2 8%
TOTAL 25 100%

Interpretation
Figure and Table 1 above shows the frequency distribution and percentage of the family.

There are 68% or 17 respondents in the nuclear family; and 24% or 6 respondents from the

extended family, while the single-parent family has 8% or 2 respondents.

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Implication
According to the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), based on the 2020 Census of

Population and Housing (2020 CPH), the total population of the Philippines as of 01 May 2020 is

at 109,035,343. The implication of the graph says that nuclear families outnumbered extended and

single-parent families. It shows that there are more nuclear families in this community.

Figure 2. Graphical Presentation of Family Decision Maker

Family Decision Maker

48%
40%

12%

Mother Father Both

Table 2
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Family Decision Maker
FAMILY DECISION MAKER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Mother 10 40%

Father 3 12%

Both 12 48%

TOTAL 25 100%

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Interpretation
Figure and Table 2 reveal the frequency distribution and percentage of family decision-

makers. According to the data, 40% or 10 families answered that their family decision-maker is

the mother, while 12% or 3 families answered that their father usually makes the decision. Further,

a majority of 48% or 12 families answered that both of their parents are the decision-makers of the

family.

Implication

According to studies some Filipino families considered the father as the principal

breadwinner and nominal head of the family and has the authority in making decisions for the

entire family. But according to the data presented, the majority of the respondents stated that both

of their parents are responsible for making decisions for the family. Joint husband-wife decision-

making patterns are also common in Filipino homes, wherein there is a division of roles and

domains. Household concerns like food, clothing, and child care are generally the domain of

mothers; whereas farming, business, and investment matters are the father’s domains (Porio, et al

1975; Castillo 1975).

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 Figure 3. Graphical Presentation of Religion

RELIGION
0%
4 (16%)

21 (84%)

ROMAN CATHOLIC BORN AGAIN CHRISTIAN IGLESIA NI CRISTO

JEHOVA'S WITNESS LATTER-DAY SAINTS MUSLIM

Table 3
Frequency and Distribution and Percentage of Religion
RELIGION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Roman Catholic 21 84%
Born Again Christian 4 16%
Iglesia ni Cristo 0 0%
Jehovah’s Witness 0 0%
Latter- day Saints 0 0%
Muslim 0 0%
TOTAL 25 100%

Interpretation

In the given data shown in Figure and Table 3, 84% or 21 out of 25 families answered

Roman Catholic as their religion, also 16% or 4 out of 25 families answered Born Again Christian

as their religion. It is noted that there are no Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehovah’s Witness, Latter-day Saint,

9
and Muslim religions in the total population.

Implication

According to Stanford Medicine, the Philippines is the only country in Asia in which

Christianity is the national religion. This is probably the result of the Spanish Catholic reign in

The Philippines for more than 300 years. The major Christian denomination is Roman Catholic.

Figure 4. Graphical Presentation of Number of Alive Children

NO. OF ALIVE CHILDREN

4%
4%
4%
4% 28%

8%

20%

28%

3 alive children 2 alive children 4 alive children 0 alive children

5 alive children 7 alive children 8 alive children 1 alive children

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 Table 4
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Number of Alive Children

NO. ALIVE CHILDREN FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

8 1 4%

7 1 4%

5 1 4%

4 5 20%

3 7 28%

2 7 28%
1 1 4%

Interpretation
From the number of alive children data given in Figure and Table 4, there is one family

that has 1 alive child (4%); one family also have 5 alive children (4%); same with one family that

have 7 alive children (4%); one family have 8 alive children (4%); five families have 4 alive

children (20%); seven families have 3 alive children (28%); lastly, seven families also have 2 alive

children (28%).

Implication

The highest number of children percentage is from the two said families which garnered

28% which are the families with 2 and 3 alive children, 25% is next which is the families with 4

alive children, and the lowest is 1% which are the 8,7,5,1 child alive.

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 Figure 5. Graphical Presentation of Number of Deceased Children

NUMBER OF DECEASED CHILDREN

12% 0%

88%

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Table 5
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Number of Deceased Children
NO. OF DECEASED FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
CHILDREN
0 22 88%
1 3 12%
2 0 0%
3 0 0%
4 0 0%
5 0 0%
6 0 0%
7 0 0%
8 0 0%
9 0 0%
10 0 0%
TOTAL 25 100%

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Interpretation

Figure and Table 5 illustrates that 3 or 12% of the families have 1 deceased child because

of coronary artery disease. On the other hand, 22 families don’t have a deceased child.

Implication

The only number of deceased children percentage from the data is 12% (1 child) because

of coronary artery disease. Coronary artery disease (CAD) accounts for approximately 610,000

deaths annually (estimated 1 in 4 deaths) and is the leading cause of mortality in the United States.

It is the third leading cause of mortality worldwide and is associated with 17.8 million deaths

annually. (Brown, et.al., 2021)

Figure 6. Graphical Presentation of Gender

GENDER

39%

61%

MALE FEMALE

Table 6
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Gender
GENDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Female 75 60%
Male 49 40%
TOTAL 124 100%

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Interpretation

Figure and Table 6 above shows the frequency distribution and percentage of families’

gender. The data unveils that the female population has accounted for a total of 75 out of 124 or

60% of the total population, while the male population has accounted for a total of 49 out of 124

or 40% of the total population.

Implication

According to the Philippines Population as of the year 2021, the current female population

is 55, 841, 315.

The implication of the graph says that the female population outnumbers the male

population. It shows that there are more females in this community.

Figure 7. Graphical Presentation of Age

AGE 3%1%
1%2%

34%
35%

6%
18%
Infancy and Toddlerhood (0-2years year old) Early Childhood (3-5 years old)
Middle Childhood (6-11 years old) Adolescence (12-21 years old)
Early Adulthood (22-34 years old) Early Middle Age (35-44 years old)
Late Middle Age (45-64 years old) Late Adulthood (65 and above years old)

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 Table 7
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Age
AGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Infancy and Toddlerhood (0-2years old) 1 1%

Early Childhood (3-5 years old) 2 1%

Middle Childhood (6-11 years old) 3 2%

Adolescence (12-21 years old) 43 35%

Early Adulthood (22-34 years old) 22 18%

Early Middle Age (35-44 years old) 7 6%

Late Middle Age (45-64 years old) 42 34%

Late Adulthood (65 and above) 4 3%
TOTAL 124 100%

Interpretation

Figure and Table 7 show the statistical distributions of the respondents in terms of the age

group they belonged into. It is very evident based on the data given above that the highest number

of the respondents are under the Adolescents (12-21 years old) age group consisting 43 out of 124

or 35% of the total population; Late Middle Age (45-64 years old) has deemed the second rank,

accounting to 42 out of 124 or 34% of the total population; Early Adulthood (22-34 years old) has

accounted to 22 out of 124 or 18% of the total population, placing third to the highest number of

respondents; Moreover, Early Middle Age (35-44 years old) has accounted to 7 out 124 or 6% of

the total population followed by; Late Adulthood (65 and above) which has accounted to 4 out of

124 or 3% of the total population; then Middle Childhood (6-11 years old) has accounted to 3 out

of 124 or 2% of the total population; and Early childhood (3-5 years old) which has accounted to

15
2 out of 124 or 1% of the total population. It is also seen that there is only 1 respondent within

Infancy and Toddlerhood (0-2 years old) (1%) in the total population.

Implications

Lifespan development is essential, as it is the changes that happen to us throughout a

person’s lifespan. Our development occurs at ages where we develop from infancy till death.

According to Lifespan Development (2019), there are nine stages of development. The Prenatal

Development, Infancy and Toddlerhood (1-2 years), Early Childhood (3-5 years), Middle

Childhood (6-11 years), Adolescence (12-21 Page 9 of 71 years), Early Adulthood (22-34 years),

Early Middle Age (35-44 years), and Late Adulthood (65 and above).

The highest percentage of the population is from the bracket of Adolescents (12-21 years

old). is a unique stage of human development and an important time for laying the foundations of

good health. Adolescence is a period of dramatic physical change marked by an overall physical

growth spurt and sexual maturation, known as puberty. Research on brain development helps us

understand teen risk-taking and impulsive behavior. A major developmental task during

adolescence involves establishing one’s own identity. Teens typically struggle to become more

independent from their parents. Peers become more important, as teens strive for a sense of

belonging and acceptance; mixed-sex peer groups become more common. New roles and

responsibilities are explored, which may involve dating, driving, taking on a part-time job, and

planning for future academics.

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 Figure 8. Graphical Presentation of Age Depending on Gender

AGE DEPENDING ON GENDER

Infancy and Toddlerhood (0-2 years old) 1
0
Early childhood (3-5 years old) 1
1
Middle childhood (6-11 years old) 1
2
Adolescence (12-21 years old) 15
28
Early Adulthood (22-34 years old) 6
16
Early middle age (35-44 years old) 2
3
Late middle age (45-64 years old) 22
21
Late Adulthood (65 and above) 2
3

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

MALE FEMALE

Table 8
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Age Depending on Gender

Age Group Female Male

Percentage Number Percentage Number
INFANCY AND TODDLERHOOD
0% 0 2% 1
(0-2 YEARS OLD)
EARLY CHILDHOOD
1% 1 2% 1
(3-5 YEARS OLD)
MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
3% 2 2% 1
(6-11 YEARS OLD)
ADOLESCENCE
38% 28 30% 15
(12-21 YEARS OLD)
EARLY ADULTHOOD
22% 16 12% 6
(22-34 YEARS OLD)
EARLY MIDDLE AGE
4% 3 4% 2
(35-44 YEARS OLD)
LATE MIDDLE AGE
28% 21 44% 22
(45-64 YEARS OLD)
LATE ADULTHOOD
4% 3 4% 2
(65 AND ABOVE)
TOTAL: 100% 74 100% 50

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Interpretation

Figure and table 8 show the numerical distribution with its corresponding percentage of

the population as to their age group with their gender. It can be seen in Infancy and Toddlerhood

(0-2years old) 0% in female and in male has 1 (2%); Early Childhood (3-5years old) female has 1

(1%) and the male has 1 (2%); Middle Childhood (6-11years old) female has 2 (3%) and the male

has 1 (2%); Adolescence (12-21years old) 28 in female (38%) and for male 15 (30%) making

Adolescence as the most prominent age bracket to both male and female; followed by Early

adulthood (22-34years old) female has 16 (22%) male has 6 (12%) making it the third most

prominent age bracket in both male and female; Early Middle Age (35-44 years old) female 3 (4%)

male has 2 (4%); followed by Late Middle Age (45-64years old) female has 21 (28%) male has 22

(44%) making it the second prominent age bracket for both gender, and Late Adulthood (65 and

above) female has 3 (4%) and the male has 2 (4%).

Implication

The distribution of the population by sex and age is one of the most important demographic

groupings. The study of age and sex structure occupies an important place in demographic

statistics. In the first place, indices of the populations' age and sex structure play an important part

in the system of indices of the plan for the development of the economic and cultural life of our

socialist society. They are used by planning agencies for assessing the attained level of

development of the economy and culture of the nation and its individual regions, for verifying the

course of fulfillment of plans, as well as for current and long-term planning. These factors

engender the need to have data on the changing distribution of the population by sex and age, as

well as similar data calculated for the future.

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 Figure 9. Graphical Presentation of Civil Status

CIVIL STATUS
3%

40%

57%

SINGLE MARRIED WIDOW

Table 9
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Civil Status
CIVIL STATUS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
SINGLE 71 57%
MARRIED 49 40%
WIDOW 4 3%
TOTAL 124 100%

Interpretation

Figure and Table 9 show the distribution and percentage of civil status. The highest that

got the frequency of 71 and a percentage of 57% while married scored a 49 frequency and a

percentage of 40%, and 4 individuals or 3% is a widow.

Implication

According to Bella DePaulo, “single people are often happier, healthier, and more

connected to their communities than their married counterparts. Furthermore, it seems that they

also lead richer lives and experience greater psychological growth. This may be because living

19
solo means learning to do things independently. It allows you to spend time really developing

skills and talents. With plenty of time for self-discovery, confidence and contentment are bound

to follow. However, Marriage and parenthood are not the be-all, end-all of happiness. You can

exist as an individual and lead a joyous and fulfilled life. So, get out there and prove those

ridiculous stereotypes wrong. Pursue your passions, nurture your familial and platonic

relationships, and live your life to the fullest. You have everything you need to be happy and whole

within yourself.”

Figure 10. Graphical Presentation of Educational Attainment

Vocational Graduate
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Vocational Level

Masteral/Doctorate…

Masteral/Doctorate Level

College Graduate

College Level

Highschool Graduate

Highschool Level

Elementary Graduate

Elementary Level

Not Applicable
Educational Attainment
0 10 20 30 40

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 Table 10
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Educational Attainment

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Elementary Level 5 4%

Elementary Graduate 7 6%

Highschool Level 10 8%

Highschool Graduate 18 15%

College Level 35 28%

College Graduate 37 30%

Masteral/Doctorate Level 1 1%

Masteral/Doctorate Graduate 3 2%

Vocational Level 3 2%

Vocational Graduate 5 4%
N/A 0 0%

Interpretation

Figure and Table 10 illustrate that 35 or 28% of the total population have reached college

level, while 37 individuals or 30% have graduated from college. Moreover, 18 individuals or 15%

have graduated in high school and there are 10 individuals or 8% that have attained high school

level. Furthermore, 5 individuals or 4% have reached the elementary level and there are 7

individuals or 6% who graduated in elementary. Meanwhile, 3 individuals or 2% of the total

population have graduated in Masteral/doctorate and there is 1 individual or 1% that is currently

21
on Masteral/doctorate level. Lastly, there are 3 individuals or 2% who are currently on a vocational

level and 5 individuals or 4% who are vocational graduates.

Implication

Education helps people become better citizens, get a better-paid job, and shows the

difference between good and bad. Education shows us the importance of hard work and at the same

time, helps us grow and develop. Thus, we can shape a better society to live in by knowing and

respecting rights, laws, and regulations. When you earn a degree, you accomplish a big step. You

gain knowledge, skills, and experience to help you both in your career and life in general. On top

of that, by gaining additional skills in communication and problem solving, and achieving your

goals, you can also increase your confidence

Figure 11. Graphical Presentation of Current Employment

Current Employment
12%

8%

4%
48%

28%

NonHealthcare (Private) NonHealthcare (Government) Healthcare (Private)

Healthcare (Government) Not Applicable

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 Table 11
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Current Employment

CURRENT EMPLOYMENT FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Non-Healthcare (Private) 12 48%

Non-Healthcare (Government) 7 28%

Healthcare (Private) 1 4%
Healthcare (Government) 2 8%
Not Applicable 3 12%
TOTAL 25 100%

Interpretation

Illustrated in the data from Figure and Table 11, there are 12 people or 48% of the

population who are currently employed under private non-healthcare companies. 28% or 7 people

are under government non-healthcare companies. 1 person or 4% is currently employed under

private healthcare companies. Under government healthcare, there are 2 people or 8% who are

employed. And lastly, there are 3 people or 12% who did not include their current employment.

Implication

The highest percentage of responses is private non-healthcare. Based on current studies,

various measures such as isolation and quarantine, stay-at-home, limited public gatherings, and

lockdown are implemented to control the spread of the pandemic. However, COVID-19 has

adversely affected employment, and the impact significantly reduced households' food security

and children attending school (Habtewold, 2021).

23
 Figure 12. Graphical Presentation of Food Expenditure

FOOD EXPENDITURE

Below P50 P50-P70 More than P70

Table 12
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Food Expenditure

FOOD EXPENDITURE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Below P50 0 0%

P50-P70 1 4%

More than P70 24 96%

TOTAL 25 100%

Interpretation

Figure and Table 12 shows that one family (4%) spends 50 pesos to 70 pesos for their food

per day while there are 24 families (96%) spend more than 70 pesos.

Implication

Eustaquio (2014), stated that past studies have shown that family size and composition,

family income, educational expenses, highest educational attainment, age, occupation, the gender

24
of household head, and the number of employed family members all influence the food expenditure

of households.

Figure 13. Graphical Presentation of Clothing Number in Times of Buying

Clothing in Times of Buying

27%

42%

16%

15%
Once a year Twice a year Thrice a year More than thrice a year

Table 13
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Clothing Number in Times of Buying

CLOTHING NUMBER IN TIMES OF FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

BUYING
Once a year 7 28%
Twice a year 4 16%
Thrice a year 4 16%
More than thrice a year 10 40%
TOTAL 25 100

Interpretation

Figure and Table 13 above show the frequency distribution and percentage of clothing

number in times of buying. The data shows that more than thrice a year has accounted for 10 out

25
of 25 or 40% of the population, while once a year has 7 out of 25 or 28% of the population, and

lastly, twice and thrice a year has accounted both for 4 out of 25 or 16% of the population.

Implication

According to the Philippines news agency, respondents of the Philippines were described

as adventurous shoppers having 80 percent trying new and different ways of shopping. This data

shows that most of the population buys more clothes more than thrice a year which is a total of 11

people.

Figure 14. Graphical Presentation of Housing

HOUSING

39% 39%

22%
Water Telephone Electricity

Table 14
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Housing

HOUSING FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Water 25 100%

Telephone 14 56%

Electricity 25 100%

26
Interpretation

Figure and Table 14 above show the frequency and percentage of the housing. The data

shows that Water and Electricity have the same percentage of 39% or 25 out of 25 respondents,

while the Telephone accounted for 22% or 14 out of 25 respondents.

Implication

The Annual Survey of Philippine Business and Industry (ASPBI) final results showed that

a total of 1,124 establishments in the formal sector of the economy were engaged in water supply;

sewerage, waste management, and remediation activities in 2017.

Industry Section D includes two industry sub-classes covering the operation of electric and

gas utilities, which generate, control, and distribute electric power or gas. The provision of steam

and air-conditioning supply is also covered.

In the given data, more families have the total number of having water and electricity in

their homes which is 25. This ensures that the water supply can be used readily.

27
 Figure 15. Graphical Presentation of Schooling

SCHOOLING

32%

68%

Public School Private School

Table 15
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Schooling

SCHOOLING FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Public School 11 44%

Private School 23 92%

Interpretation

It is shown in the data from Figure and Table 15, that 23 out of 25 or 92% are in private

school; and 11 out of 25 or 44% are in public school.

Implication

The main difference between public schools and private schools stems from their funding

and administration. As the names imply, public schools are administered and funded by the state

or national government whereas private schools are funded wholly or partly by students’ tuition

and administered by a private body.

28
 Private school means different things in different countries. This study used the description

outlined in the National Education Commission (1992) report, which says private schools are the

ones that do not receive regular financial support from the government but are established under

government policies and procedures. They are allowed to collect tuition and fees from the students

as set forth by the school management committees. They must follow the national curriculum

required by the government but are free to have an additional curriculum (textbooks, extra subjects,

etc.) decided by the schools themselves. The district education office is supposed to provide

supervision for these schools.

Figure 16. Graphical Presentation of Other Family Expenditures

OTHER FAMILY EXPENDITURES

4%

96%

Not Applicable Wi-fi, vehicle petrol, insurance, and pets

29
 Table 16
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Other Family Expenditures
OTHER FAMILY
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
EXPENDITURES
None 24 96%
Other: Wi-fi, vehicle petrol, 1 4%
insurance, and pets
TOTAL 25 100%

Interpretation

Figure and Table 16 show that 96% or 24 out of 25 families have no other family

expenditures aside from the aforementioned, while there are 4% or 1 out of 25 families who have

WI-FI, vehicle petrol, insurance, and pets as their other family expenditures.

Implication

The ability of families to meet their most basic needs is an important measure of economic

stability and well-being. Basic family budget measurements are adjustable by family type because

expenses vary considerably depending on the number of children in a family and whether or not a

family is headed by a single parent or a married couple.

30
 Figure 17. Type of Home

TYPE OF HOME
4.00%
4.00%
0%

88.00%

Concrete Wood Mixed Makeshift

Table 17
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Type of Home
TYPES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Concrete 22 88%
Wood 0 0%
Mixed 2 8%
Makeshift 1 4%
TOTAL 25 100%

Interpretation

The data from Figure and Table 17 shows that most of the families have the concrete type of

home with 88% or 22 out of 25 responses, which makes it the highest. Followed by, mixed type

of home with 8% or 2 out of 25 responses. On the least, the makeshift type of home, with 1 out of

25 responses; accounts for 4% of the population.

31
Implication

According to the 2010 Census of Population and Housing, most of the people in

Pangasinan, specifically in Dagupan City, have concrete/brick/stone houses, with a total of 18,

026. Concrete houses are mostly built because of their sturdiness. Along with this, it can withstand

exposure to elements and has a significantly longer life expectancy than that of a wood or steel

frame.

Figure 18. Graphical Presentation of Ownership Status of the House

Ownership Status of the House

4%

96%

Owned Caretaker/Free Rented

Table 18
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Ownership Status of the House
STATUS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Rented 0 0%
Caretaker/Free 1 4%
Owned 24 96%
TOTAL 25 100%

32
Interpretation

According to the data in Figure and Table 18 on house ownership, one family, or 4% of

the total population, stated that they are caretakers or live for free in the house they live in, while

24 families, or 96% of the total population, stated that they own the house they live in.

Implication

In the given data, most families, or 96% of the total population have their own

house. To prevent other people in the house from becoming sick if a person with a COVID-19 is

being cared for at home, the World Health Organization (2021), recommends that the ill person

should stay in a separate room. If this is not possible, then keep at least a 1-meter distance from

them. Everyone in the room, including the sick individual, should wear a medical mask.

Figure 19. Graphical Presentation of Ownership Status of Lot

Ownership Status of Lot

36%

64%

0%
0%
0%

Owned Rented/Leased Caretaker Squatter Common Property with Other Family Member

33
 Table 19
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Ownership Status of Lot
TYPE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Owned 16 64%
Rented/Leased 0 0%
Caretaker 0 0%
Squatter 0 0%
Common Property with other Family 9 36%
Member
TOTAL 25 100%

Interpretation
According to the data from Figure and Table 19, 9 families (36%) have common property

with other family members. While there are 16 families (64%) owned the lot, they are in. It is

noted that no family are living in rented or leased, living as a caretaker and living in a squatter area

Implication
Many people live in a city, or urban area and their homes and businesses are located very

close to one another unlike in rural areas, there are fewer people, and their homes and businesses

are located away from one another. In the data given, the majority of the family is living on their

owned land, since rural areas like Pangasinan are an open swath of land that has few homes or

other buildings, and not very many people that there is no record of family living in the squatter

area. Owning a land reduces financial burden, meaning you don’t have to rent land where you can

construct a house for your family and according to Maslow's needs owning land could not only

provide safety and security but also provide power and wealth.

34
 Figure 20. Graphical Presentation of Number of Bedrooms

Number of Bedrooms

40%

60%

1 to 2 3 to 4 5 to 6 More than 6

Table 20
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Number of Bedrooms
NUMBER OF BEDROOMS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
1-2 10 40%
3-4 15 60%
5-6 0 0
More than 6 0 0
TOTAL 25 100%

Interpretation

As shown in Figure and Table 20, 15 or 60% of the families have 3-4 bedrooms inside their

house, while 10 or 40% of the families have only 1-2 bedrooms inside their house.

35
Implication

A bedroom is a private room where people usually sleep during the day or night. Most of

the families have an adequate number of bedrooms per person to sleep individually wherein they

can maintain their privacy and can have a peaceful and quiet place during their rest day.

Figure 21. Graphical Presentation of Availability of Private Vehicle

Availability of Private Vehicle

36%

64%

Yes No

Table 21
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Availability of Private Vehicle
AVAILABILITY OF FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
PRIVATE VEHICLE
YES 16 64%
NO 9 36%
TOTAL 25 100%

36
Interpretation

Figure and Table 21 show that 64% or 16 out of 25 families own a private vehicle, while

36% or 9 out of 25 families do not have a private vehicle.

Implication

The Philippines Number of Registered Vehicles was reported at 4,711,103 units in

December 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 4,433,181 units for

December 2018. Philippines Number of Registered Vehicles data is updated yearly, averaging

2,463,932 units from December 1981 to 2019. In 2020, approximately 1.1 million private cars

were registered in the Philippines. The number of registered private cars in the country has

significantly decreased in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Figure 22. Graphical Presentation of Ventilation

Ventilation 0%

100%

Poor Good

37
 Table 22
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Ventilation

VENTILATION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Poor 0 0%
Good 25 100%
TOTAL 25 100%
Interpretation

The data from Figure and Table 22 illustrates that 25 out of 25 families with a percentage

of 100% have good ventilation.

Implication

An important approach to lowering the concentrations of indoor air pollutants or

contaminants including any viruses that may be in the air is to increase ventilation – the amount

of outdoor air coming indoors. Ensuring proper ventilation with outside air can help reduce the

concentration of airborne contaminants, including viruses, indoors. Proper ventilation also reduces

surface contamination by removing some virus particles before they can fall out of the air and land

on surfaces. However, by itself, increasing ventilation is not enough to protect people from

COVID-19, but it can help in reducing the risk of acquiring the virus.

38
 Figure 23. Graphical Presentation of Lighting

LIGHTING
0

100%

Adequate Inadequate

Table 23
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Lighting
LIGHTING FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Adequate 25 100%

Inadequate 0 0%

TOTAL 25 100%

Interpretation

Based on the data given above, it is shown that adequate lighting has the highest percentage

(100%) which 25 households had on their type of lighting. Meanwhile, inadequate lighting has a

frequency of 0 or 0% which means that no household had inadequate lighting.

39
Implication

People receive about 85 percent of their information through their sense of sight.

Appropriate lighting can reduce eye fatigue and headaches. It can prevent incidents by increasing

the visibility of moving machinery and other safety hazards. Good quality lighting also reduces

the chance of incidents and injuries from “momentary blindness”.

Figure 24. Graphical Presentation of Surroundings

Surroundings
0%

100%

Clean Dirty

Table 24
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Surroundings
SURROUNDINGS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Clean 25 100%
Dirty 0 0%
TOTAL 25 100%

Interpretation

Figure and Table 24 illustrate that 100% or 25 out of 25 families have clean surroundings.

40
Implication

A healthy atmosphere is very important for a person to be healthy. The surroundings should

be clean so you can breathe clean, healthy air. Clean & fresh surroundings lead to a healthy

atmosphere so it is important to have such don’t let your exteriors and interiors of the house to be

dirty.

Figure 25. Graphical Presentation of Source of Water Supply

SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY

4%
8%

12%

80%

NAWASA Deep Well Artesian Well Gripo

Table 25
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Source of Water Supply
SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

NAWASA 20 80%

Deep Well 3 12%

Artesian Well 2 8%

TOTAL 25 100

41
Interpretation

In the given data from Figure and Table 25; 80% or 20 families, which is the highest, uses

NAWASA as their source of water supply. Moreover, 12% or 3 families use deep wells as their

water supply. 8% or 2 families utilize an artesian well as their water source.

Implication

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA) state that there's currently no evidence the new coronavirus is spread through the

public water supply. In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, the CDC (2020) reassures that the

required public water treatment methods, which include filtration and chlorination, should be

sufficient to remove or kill the new coronavirus. In addition, the EPA (2020) reports that the new

coronavirus has not been detected in public drinking water and that, based on current evidence, the

risk of getting COVID-19 from the public water supply is low. In the case that the homeowner

utilizes a private well, the EPA (2020) recommends considering using a certified home treatment

device, such as a filtration system, water softener, distillation system, and disinfectants, to remove

any bacteria and viruses, including the new coronavirus.

42
 Figure 26. Graphical Presentation of Storage of Drinking Water

Storage of Drinking Water

0%

64%

88%

Refrigerated Covered Uncovered

Table 26
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Storage of Drinking Water
STORAGE OF DRINKING WATER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Refrigerated 22 88%

Covered 16 64%

Uncovered 0 0%

Interpretation

The data from Figure and Table 26 illustrated that 22 out of 25 families or 88% store their

water refrigerated. While 16 out of 25 families or 64% store their water covered. On the other

hand, no families (0%) store their water uncovered.

43
Implication

Based on the article of Marshall, W. (2021), the virus that causes COVID-19 hasn't been

detected in drinking water. Water treatment facilities have processes to filter and disinfect water

before it goes into your home. Therefore, 88% of families using refrigerated and 64% using

covered drinking storage do not inflict risk in acquiring the COVID-19 virus.

Figure 27. Graphical Presentation of Containers used in Drinking Water

CONTAINERS USED IN DRINKING WATER

64%
76%

4%

Plastic Clay Jars Bottles

Table 27
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Containers used in Drinking Water

CONTAINERS USED IN DRINKING FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

WATER
Plastics 19 76%

Clay Jars 1 4%

Bottles 16 64%

44
Interpretation of data

The data from Figure and Table 27 illustrates that 19 out of 25 households use plastic

containers which is equivalent to 76%. Followed by the use of bottle containers with 16 out of 25

households which is equivalent to 64%. While 4% or 1 family utilizes clay jars containers for

drinking water.

Implication

According to the World Health Organization, (2020), the Covid-19 virus has not been

detected in drinking-water supplies. Based on current evidence, the risk of water supplies is low.

In storing treated water, preferable containers are plastic, ceramic, or metal containers to protect

the water from re-contamination (CDC, 2012).

Figure 28. Graphical Presentation of Toilet Facilities

Toilet Facilities
0%

64%
72%

8%

Flush Pit Privy Owned Shared

45
 Table 28

Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Toilet Facilities

TOILET FACILITIES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Flush 18 72%
Pit Privy 2 8%
Owned 16 64%
Shared 0 0%

Interpretation

According to the data given in Figure and Table 28, 72% or 18 families, have flush toilets

as their toilet facility. Whereas 64% or 16 families have a toilet facility of their own. Meanwhile,

there are 8% or 2 families with a pit privy toilet facility. 0 households are utilizing a shared toilet

facility.

Implication

The World Health Organization (WHO) states that untreated waste from poor sanitation

services has negative effects on the environment and can spread diseases that cause poor health

and nutrition, loss of income, decreased productivity, and missed educational opportunities. The

inadequate and unsanitary disposal of infected human feces leads to the contamination of the

ground and of sources of water. In addition, it sometimes creates intolerable nuisances of both odor

and sight.

The provision of safe water, sanitation and waste management, and hygienic conditions is

essential for preventing and protecting human health during all infectious disease outbreaks,

including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Ensuring evidenced-based and consistently

46
applied WASH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) and waste management practices in communities,

homes, schools, marketplaces, and healthcare facilities will help prevent human-to-human

transmission of pathogens including SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.

Figure 29. Graphical Presentation of Garbage Disposal

Garbage Disposal

4%
12%

32% 68%

40%
24%

Collection Burying Garbage Cans Burning Dumping Open Dumping

Table 29
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Garbage Disposal
GARBAGE DISPOSAL FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Collection 17 68%
Burying 6 24%
Garbage Cans 10 40%
Burning 8 32%
Dumping 1 4%
Open Dumping 3 12%

Interpretation

Based on the presented data above, garbage collection has the highest percentage (68%),

with 17 households utilizing it for garbage disposal. Whereas, 10 families or 40% of the household

47
participants dispose of their garbage using garbage cans. Moreover, 8 families, or 32% burn their

garbage, while 6 families, or 24% of the population bury their garbage as their way of disposal.

Meanwhile, there are 3 families or 12% who use open dumping and 1 family or 4% of the

population who use dumping to dispose of their garbage.

Implication

One of the biggest concerns when it comes to garbage disposal is health and sanitation.

Irresponsible disposal of waste can cause many different environmental problems. It can result in

air pollution, land pollution and could also cause numerous different health conditions. Since

garbage collection has the highest percentage (68%), it has no negative impact on families or the

community, but it may threaten the waste collectors and put the entire community at risk.

Figure 30. Graphical Presentation of Food Storage

FOOD STORAGE
0%

42%

58%

Covered Refrigirated Uncovered

.

48
 Table 30
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Food Storage
FOOD STORAGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Covered 18 72%
Refrigerated 25 100%
Uncovered 0 0%

Interpretation

Figure and Table 30 above show the frequency and percentage of the Food Storage. The

covered food storage has accounted for 72% or 18 out of 25 families, while 100% or 25 families

store their food refrigerated and the uncovered has 0%.

Implication

According to the golden rule for food storage you must prepare foods in advance or want

to keep leftovers, be sure to store them under either hot (near or above 60 °C) or cool (near or

below 10 °C) conditions. This rule is of vital importance if you plan to store foods for more than

four or five hours. Foods for infants should preferably not be stored at all.

Figure 31. Graphical Presentation of Drainage System

Drainage System

32%

44%

24%

Blind Open Not available

49
 Table 31
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Drainage System
DRAINAGE SYSTEM FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Blind 11 44%
Open 6 24%

Not available 8 32%

Interpretation

Figure 32 and Table 31 reveal the frequency distribution and percentage of drainage

systems. According to the data, 44% or 11 families have a blind drainage system while 24% or 6

families have an open drainage system. It is also shown in the data above that 32% or 8 families

don’t have any available drainage system.

Implication

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), currently, there is no evidence that the

COVID-19 virus has been transmitted via drainage systems with or without wastewater treatment.

Further, there is no evidence that drainage or wastewater treatment workers contracted severe acute

respiratory syndrome (SARS), which is caused by another type of coronavirus that caused a large

outbreak of acute respiratory illness in 2003. As part of an integrated public health policy,

wastewater carried in drainage systems should be treated in well-designed and well-managed

centralized wastewater treatment works.

50
 Figure 32. Graphical Presentation of Presence of Animals

PRESENCE OF ANIMALS
Rabbit 1 (4%)
N/A 1 (4%)
Chicken & Duck 1 (4%)
Ducks 1 (4%)
Chicken, Birds 1 (4%)
NONE 1 (4%)
Chicken & Goat 1 (4%)
Pigs
Cats 14(56%)
Dogs 22 (88%)

0 5 10 15 20 25

Table 32
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Presence of Animals
ANIMALS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Dogs 22 88%
Cats 14 56%
Pigs 0 0%
Chicken & Goat 1 4%
None 1 4%
Chicken, Birds 1 4%
Ducks 1 4%
Chicken & Ducks 1 4%
N/A 1 4%
Rabbit 1 4%

Interpretation

In the given data shown in Figure and Table 32, 88% or 22 out of 25 families have dogs;

56% or 14 out of 25 families have cats; and 4% or 1 out of 25 families have chicken & goat,

chicken, birds, ducks, chicken & ducks, and rabbit; And also 4% or 1 out of 25 families answered

none and N/A. It also noted that all families don’t have pigs.

51
Implication

In the given data dogs have the highest percentage or number in families. Dogs are the

most popular pet globally, with cats coming in second. Fish, birds, and other pet types all rank

significantly lower (GFK 2016). Pets, especially dogs and cats can reduce stress, anxiety, and

depression, ease loneliness, encourage exercise and playfulness, and even improve your

cardiovascular health. Caring for an animal can help children grow up more secure and active. Pets

also provide valuable companionship for older adults. Perhaps most importantly, though, a pet can

add real joy and unconditional love to your life (Steven 2021)

Figure 33. Graphical Presentation of Backyard Gardening

Backyard Gardening
32%

56%

40%

48%

Vegetable Herbal Fruit-bearing Not applicable

52
 Table 33
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Backyard Gardening
BACKYARD GARDENING FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Vegetables 14 56%
Herbal 12 48%
Fruit-bearing 10 40%
No backyard gardening 8 32%

Interpretation
In the given data shown in Figure and Table 33, there are 14 families (56%) who have

vegetables in their backyard; 12 families (48%) on the other hand have herbals in their backyard

and there are 10 families (40%) who have fruit-bearing trees in their backyard. Lastly, there are 8

families (32%) who are not engaging in backyard gardening.

Implication
According to Stanborough (2020), early in the COVID-19 pandemic, as lockdowns put

millions out of work and headlines forecast food shortages, anxious people picked up their rakes

and spades. They were worried about bare shelves and contaminated grocery stores. In response,

record numbers of people began cultivating coronavirus victory gardens. In a matter of weeks,

seeds, seedlings, and fruit trees sold out online and in gardening centers. As it turns out, the impulse

to a garden is actually a great idea - whether or not you’re coping with a crisis - because gardening

is one of the healthiest hobbies you can develop.

People who worked in gardens had significantly better self-esteem, total mood disturbance,

and general health compared to those who did not garden, according to a 2016 study published in

the Journal of Public Health.

53
 Figure 34. Graphical Presentation of Health and Other facilities

Health and other facilities

10%
17%
10%

6%
14%

12%
4%

12% 15%

Health Center School Park Baranggay Hall Church

Market Private Clinic Private Hospital Public Hospital

Table 34
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Health and Other Facilities
HEALTH AND OTHER FACILITIES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Health Center 24 96%
School 19 76%
Park 6 24%
Barangay Hall 21 84%
Church 17 68%
Market 17 68%
Private Clinic 8 32%
Private Hospital 13 52%
Public Hospital 13 52%

Interpretation
In the given data from Figure and Table 34 which is in the community resources, the

leading health facility that families utilize is health center with 24 or 96%, followed by other

facilities which are barangay hall with 21 or 84%, school 19 or 76%, while both the church and

market have 17 or 68%, both private hospital and public hospital with 13 or 52%, a private clinic

with 8 or 32%, and park with only 6 or 24%.

54
Implication

Community facilities enhance the lives of residents in numerous ways. Parks provide green

space and room to move for people in crowded city neighborhoods. Schools, churches, and

barangay halls open doors to knowledge and ideas, culture, religions, and enjoyment. Medical

facilities encourage and safeguard health, and the market offers access to essential goods and

services. Without these and other community facilities, life would be colorless and difficult,

especially for those who can’t afford to travel or pay high prices for services. (Center for

Community Health and Development, n.d.)

Figure 35. Graphical Presentation of Indigenous Health Workers

INDIGENOUS HEALTH WORKERS

BHW 22 88%

Trained"hilot" 5 20%

Untrained"hilot" 3 12%

Herbularyo 7 28%

0 5 10 15 20 25

Table 35
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Indigenous Health Workers
INDIGENOUS HEALTH WORKER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
BHW 22 88%
Trained “Hilot” 5 20%
Untrainted “Hilot” 3 12%
Herbularyo 7 28%

55
Interpretation
In the given data from Figure and Table 35, BHW accounted for a total of 22 out of 25 or

88%, followed by herbularyo with a total of 7 out of 25 or 28%, trained “hilot” with a total of 5

out of 25 or 20%, and untrained “hilot” with a total of 3 out of 25 or 12% of the total population.

Implication

Indigenous health workers are usually residents and members of the community they work

in, and therefore immersed in the local culture. Hence, they are the cornerstone to providing

culturally safe, primary health care for indigenous peoples and communities. It is widely

recognized that indigenous health workers are best placed to address issues in their communities.

They are the frontline workers in a critical role to provide health information and education to the

community. Therefore, indigenous health workers must be skilled and confident to deliver

information. (Thompson et al., 2011)

Figure 36. Graphical Presentation of Sources of Health Funds

SOURCES OF HEALTH FUNDS

3%

37%

57%

3%

Government NGOs/Pos Private Not applicable

56
 Table 36
Frequency and Distribution and Percentage of Sources of Health Funds
SOURCES OF HEALTH FUNDS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Government 17 68%
NGOs/POs 1 4%
Private 11 44%
Not Applicable 1 4%

Interpretation
From the presented data above, it is shown that 17 families, or 68% have their sources of

health funds from the Government; 11 of them or 44% sources are in Private; 1 of them or 4% are

NGOs/Pos. It is also seen that there is 1 or 4% of the family that is not using the sources of health

funds from the above.

Implication

The health financing system in the country is complex as it involves different layers of

financial sources, regulatory bodies, and health service providers. Figure 1 shows the financing

flows for health as to sources and uses. In general, there are four main sources of financing: (1)

national and local government, (2) insurance (government and private), (3) user fees/out-of-

pocket, and (4) donors.

57
 Figure 37. Graphical Presentation of Food Preferences

Food Preferences
4%
16%

80%

Fish Fruits/Vegetables Meat Mixed

Table 37
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Food Preferences

FOOD PREFERENCES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Fish 1 4%

Fruits/Vegetables 4 16%

Meat 0 0%

Mixed 20 80%

TOTAL 25 100%

Interpretation

Figure and Table 37 above show the frequency distribution and percentage of the food

preferences. There were 20 families whose food preference is mixed, which is a total of 80% of

the population, while 4 families chose the fruits and vegetables food preference, which is a total

58
of 16% in the population. And 1 family chose the fish food preference, which is a total of 4% in

the population and none of the family chose the meat as food preference.

Implication

According to the food choice model, individual food choices, embedded in the pattern of

food consumption, evolved according to the changes of the natural environment, biological basis,

physical need, lifestyle, and development of technology.

Figure 38. Graphical Presentation of Common Rice Combination

COMMON RICE COMBINATION

28%

44% 96%

Rice and Egg Rice and Noodles Rice and Sardines

Table 38
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Common Rice Combination
COMMON RICE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
COMBINATION
Rice and Egg 24 96%

Rice and Noodles 11 44%

Rice and Sardines 7 28%

59
Interpretation
Figure and Table 38 shows that rice and egg have the highest preference with a frequency

of 24 or 96%, second preference is rice and noodles that have a frequency of 11 or 44%, third

that has the least preferences is the rice and sardines that has a frequency of 7 or 28%.

Implication
According to the Research Program on Rice, rice is normally prepared by boiling or

steaming or some combination of these, and it absorbs the process. After the standard of boiling

or steaming, rice can be eaten directly with side dishes, added to soup, combined with other

ingredients in a wok to make fried rice, or used vegetables or vine leaves and used in sushi.

Figure 39. Graphical Presentation of Presence of Nutritional Disorder

NUTRIONAL DISORDER

8% 8%

8%

Body Weakness Easy fatigability Night blindness

Table 39
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Presence of Nutritional Disorder
NUTRITIONAL DISORDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
ANEMIA: 2 8%
Body Weakness
Easy Fatigability 2 8%
VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY: 2 8%
Night Blindness

60
Interpretation

Figure and Table 39 illustrate that 2 individuals are experiencing body weakness, easy

fatigability which is a symptom of anemia. On the other hand, 2 individuals are also experiencing

night blindness, a symptom of vitamin A deficiency.

Implication

Making healthier choices will not only reduce your risk for chronic disease but will also

make you feel better and improve your overall quality of life. It's not easy to make a major lifestyle

change. It takes time to form new habits. By understanding the stages of change, starting small,

and setting realistic goals, you can learn to make healthier choices and, in the process, reduce your

risk for chronic disease.

Figure 40. Graphical Presentation of Health Center Utilization

HEALTH CENTER UTILIZATION

8%

92%

Yes No

Table 40
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Health Center Utilization
HEALTH CENTER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
UTILIZATION
Yes 23 92%
No 2 8%

61
Interpretation

Figure and Table 40 show that most of the families utilize the health center with a frequency

of 23 or 92%. While only 2 or 8% of the families are not utilizing health centers.

Implication

According to Asia-Pacific Philippines, all citizens are entitled to free healthcare under the

Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (Philhealth). The scheme is government-controlled and

funded by local and national government subsidies, as well as by contributions from employers

and employees. Access to public healthcare in the Philippines remains a contentious issue,

particularly in rural areas. Although all Filipino nationals are entitled to healthcare through

Philhealth, not all medical procedures are covered by the scheme and medical expenses are often

paid for by the individual patient.

Figure 41. Graphical Presentation of Reasons in Utilization of the Health Center

Reasons
24%

72%

40%

8% 8%

Illness Family Planning Dental Nutrition Not Applicable

62
 Table 41
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Reasons in Utilization of the Health Center

REASONS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Illness 18 72%
Family Planning 2 8%
Dental 2 8%
Prenatal 0 0%
Postnatal 0 0%
Nutrition 10 40%
Not Applicable 6 24%
Interpretation

The data from Figure and Table 41 illustrates that 18 households utilize health centers for

reasons of illness with a percentage of 72%. Both family planning and dental have 2 households

each or 8% as a reason for utilizing health centers. Prenatal and postnatal has no reasons for

utilizing a health center that has 0 responses. Followed by 10 households or 40% utilizing health

centers for nutrition. Lastly, 6 households, or 24% responded not applicable.

Implication

Prenatal and postnatal have the lowest percentage of reasons to utilize a health center.

According to Liu et al. (2009), induced changes in other health inputs such as improved nutrition,

more exercise, reduced drinking and smoking, taking prenatal vitamins, and healthy weight gain

leads to improved birth outcomes as a result of the prenatal visit. Bertoli and Grembi (2021) offer

that more attention should be dedicated to the impact of prenatal on the health status of the mothers,

as the consequences on their mental and physical health after the delivery, as well as on the role

played by the quality of the prenatal services provided.

63
 Figure 42. Health Worker Consulted in Times of Illness

HEALTHWORKER CONSULTED IN TIMES OF

ILLNESS

12%
12%
8%
4% 72%

48%

M.D. Nurse Midwife "Hilot" "Herbularyo" BHW

Table 42
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Health worker Consulted in Times of Illness
HEALTHWORKERS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
M.D. 18 72%
Nurse 12 48%
Midwife 1 4%
“Hilot” 2 8%
“Herbularyo” 3 12%
BHW 3 12%

Interpretation

According to the data from Figure and Table 42, most of the families consult a medical

doctor in times of illness; this accounts for 18 out of 25 responses or 72% of the population, which

makes it the highest. Followed by nurses with 12 out of 25 responses or 48% of the population.

Next on the list are the “herbularyo” and BHW, with 12% or 3 out of 25 responses. Followed by,

64
“hilot” with 8% or 2 out of 25 responses. And at the least, a midwife with 4% or 1 out of 25

responses.

Implication

Families are important in influencing how illness affects an individual patient and how he

or she responds to that illness. Indeed, patterns of illness behavior may be transmitted from one

generation to the next. Lay referral networks involving family and friends have a major influence

on consulting behavior (Campbell, 1996). Most of the families are likely to consult a medical

doctor in times of illness because they believe that they are the ones who can make a credible and

suitable diagnosis for their disease.

Figure 43. Graphical Presentation of Usual Illness in the Family

USUAL ILLNESS IN THE FAMILY

1%

6%
16%
15%

17%

18%

11%
13%

3%

Fever Headache Hypertension Stroke Diabetes Mellitus

Body Pain Cough Colds Diarrhea Cancer/CHD

65
 Table 43
Frequency Distribution of Usual Illness in the Family

USUAL ILLNESS IN THE FAMILY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Fever 17 68%

Headache 18 72%

Hypertension 12 48%

Diabetes Mellitus 0 0%

Stroke 3 12%

Body Pain 14 56%

Cough 19 76%

Colds 16 64%

Diarrhea 6 24%

Cancer/CHD 1 4%

Interpretation

Table and Figure 43 illustrates the common illnesses in the family with a percentage of

(76%), (72%), (68%), (64%), (56%), (48%), (24%), (12%), (4%), and (0%) respectively: Cough,

Headache, Fever, Colds, Body Pain, Hypertension, Diarrhea, Stroke, Cancer/CHD, and Diabetes

Mellitus.

The highest percentage recorded falls on the cough with a percentage of 76% or 19 out of

the total families. On the other hand, the lowest percentage recorded falls on cancer/CHD with a

percentage of 4%.

Implication

Washer (2021) stated that there is a significant overlap between symptoms of influenza and
66
COVID 19. Both can present with fevers, chills, cough, muscle/body aches, fatigue , and headache.

“However, in many settings, the only way to tell the difference between COVID and influenza is

by testing. The differentiation can be very important as there are isolation requirements to prevent

transmission of COVID and antivirals that can be used for influenza,” she added. In addition, the

most common illnesses in the family are hypertension and cancer which can make the person more

likely to get severely ill from COVID-19 (CDC 2021).

Figure 44. Graphical Presentation of Other Diseases Within the Family

Other Diseases
1%
0%
0%
0%

96%

Tb Leprosy Skin Disease Hepatitis N/A

Table 44
Frequency Distribution of Other Diseases Within the Family
DISEASE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Tb 0 0%
Leprosy 0 0%
Skin Disease 1 4%
Hepatitis 0 0%
No other diseases 24 96%
Total 25 100%

67
Interpretation

Figure and Table 44 show the frequency distribution of other diseases within the family;

there are 24 out of 25 households or 96% who don’t have other diseases. While 1 or 4% has a skin

disease. For TB, leprosy, and hepatitis, no family is recorded experiencing the diseases.

Implication

Study shows that skin diseases not only affect patients’ lives but may also potentially affect

different aspects of the life of the patient’s family (i.e. physical, psychosocial, and financial).

Family’s life may be impaired, especially from a social point of view, as considerable time is

needed to take care of the patient. However, the impact may also be psychological, especially

because of the attitude of people toward a visible disease. (Caroll et.al., 2005)

Figure 45. Graphical Presentation of Immunization Status of Children (0-12 mos)

IMMUNIZATION STATUS OF CHILDREN

36%
64%

60%
60%

BCG DPT OPV Not Applicable

Table 45
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Immunization Status of Children (0-12 moa)
CHILDREN’S FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
IMMUNIZATION
BCG 0 0%
DPT 0 0%
OPV 0 0%
Not Applicable 25 100%

68
Interpretation
As shown in Figure and Table 45, no families submitted their child in immunization

since no children aged 0-12 months within the 25 families.

Implication

No children aged 0-12 months within the 25 families. However, immunization is an

important way to protect an infant’s health. Infants are particularly vulnerable to infections; that is

why it is so important to protect them with immunization. Immunization helps prevent the spread

of disease and protect infants and toddlers against dangerous complications. (CDC, 2013)

Figure 46. Graphical Presentation of Family Planning Acceptance

Family Planning Acceptance

28%
72%

Yes No

Table 46
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Family Planning Acceptance
FAMILY PLANNING FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
ACCEPTANCE
YES 18 72%
NO 7 28%
TOTAL 25 100%

69
Interpretation

Data indicated in Figure and Table 46 show that there are 72% or 18 out 25 families practice

family planning while 28% or 7 out 25 families do not practice family planning with the reasons

of no more intentions of having a child, studying, absence of a partner, being single, and

menopause.

Implications

The Commission on Population and Development (PopCom) has recorded an increase in the

number of couples using modern family planning (FP) in 2020 amid the coronavirus disease 2019

(Covid-19) pandemic. A total of 8,085,000 men and women obtained modern family planning

services in 2020, marking a rise of nearly 4 percent in family planning users in the country. The

Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health (RPRH) Law report in 2019 showed that the

modern contraceptive prevalence rate for all women was about 7.8 million.

Figure 47 A. Graphical Presentation of Natural Methods

Natural Methods
30%

25% 28%
20%

15%

10%

5%
8% 8%
0%
Calendar Abstinence Widthrawal

Natural Methods

70
 Figure 47 B. Graphical Presentation of Artificial Methods

Artificial Methods
9%

8%
8% 8%
7%
4% 4%
6%

5%

4%

3%

2%

1%

0%
Injectables (DEPO) Pills Intr-uterine Device Condom

Artificial Methods

Figure 47 C. Graphical Presentation of Surgical Methods

Surgical Methods
120%

100%
100%
80%

60%

40%

20%
0% 0%
0%
Ligations Vasectomy Non User of Surgical Methods

Surgical Methods

71
 TABLE 47
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Family Planning Methods
NATURAL METHOD FREQEUNCY PERCENTAGE
Calendar 2 8%
Abstinence 7 28%
Withdrawal 2 8%
ARTIFICIAL METHOD
Injectable (DEPO) 2 8%
Pills 1 4%
IUD 1 4%
Condom 2 8%
SURGICAL METHOD
Ligation 0 0%
Vasectomy 0 0%
Non-User of Surgical Method 25 100%

Interpretation

From the presented data above Figures and Table 47, it is shown that, In the Natural Method

of Family Planning, there are 7 families or 28% engaged in abstinence natural method; 2 families

or 8% practices Calendar and Withdrawal Natural Method. Moreover, in the Artificial Family

Method, 2 families, or 8% of the total population use injectable (Depo-Provera); There is also 1

family that takes Pills as an artificial method, and 1 family uses a condom. Lastly, there are no

families undergone the Surgical Method.

Implication

Use of modern family planning methods, which include pills, condoms, female

sterilization, male sterilization, intrauterine device (IUD), injection, diaphragm/foam/jelly/cream,

mucus/Billings/ovulation, LAM, temperature, and standard days method, increased in most

regions. Central Mindanao, Bicol, Central Visayas, and Cordillera Administrative Region

72
registered the highest increases in the percentage of women using modern methods between 2001

and 2002.

Reasons for this family method slow increase include a limited choice of methods; limited

access to services, particularly among young, poorer, and unmarried people; fear or experience of

side-effects; cultural or religious opposition; poor quality of available services; users’ and

providers’ bias against some methods; and gender-based barriers to accessing services.

Figure 48. Graphical Presentation of Methods of Infant Feeding

Methods of Infant Feeding

20%

4%

56%
20%

Breast Bottle Mixed NA

Table 48
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Method of Infant Feeding

METHOD OF INFANT FEEDING FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Breast 5 20%
Bottle 1 4%
Mixed 5 20%
NA 14 56%
TOTAL 25 100%

73
Interpretation

In the given data from Figure and Table 48, 14 out of 25 families or 56% answered NA or

Not Applicable, which means they do not use the method of breastfeeding; breastfeeding and

mixed feeding have 5 or 20%. Moreover, bottle feeding has 1 or 4% of the total population.

Implication

Many women decide to combine breastfeeding and formula feeding; often called

combination feeding, mixed feeding, or partial breastfeeding. Mixed feeding usually means

mixing breast and bottle feeding. The content of the bottle can be either breastmilk or formula

milk.

For some mothers, the idea of mixed feeding may come as a relief, as their baby will still

be getting the benefits of their breast milk but they get some respite from the often-tiring job of

breastfeeding. Babies can tend to fall asleep on the breast. Some mums find that giving them a

bottle of formula before bedtime for example can fill them up more and make their babies sleep

for longer. (Zanin, 2012)

Figure 49. Subjects They Want to Learn in Health Education

HEALTH EDUCATION SUBJECTS

36%
88%

92%

72%

64%

Drug Abuse Nutrition

Table 49 Herbal Plants
Family Planning First aid measure

74
 Frequency Distribution and Percentage of the Subjects They Want to Learn in Health
Education
SUBJECTS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Drug Abuse 9 36%
Nutrition 23 92%
Family Planning 16 64%
Herbal Plants 18 72%
First aid measure 22 88%

Interpretation

Table and Figure 49 illustrates the subjects they want to learn in health education with a

percentage of (92%), (88%), (72%), (64%), and (36%) respectively: Nutrition, First-aid measure,

Herbal Plants, Family Planning, and Drug Abuse.

The highest percentage recorded falls on the nutrition subject with 92%. On the other hand,

the lowest percentage recorded falls on the drug abuse subject with 36%.

Implication

A lot of people want to learn new information when it comes to their health. It is important

to know any subjects related to our health for us to know the risk factors that can increase the

chance of acquiring diseases. Health education otherwise raises our knowledge about physical,

mental, emotional, and social health.

75
 Figure 50. Graphical Presentation of Prevention of COVID-19

Prevention of COVID-19

100% 92%
92% 100%
88% 100%

100% 100%

Facemask Facemask + Faceshield Vitamins

Stay at home Proper hand hygiene Sanitize the house
Physical Exercise Eat healthy foods

Table 50
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Prevention of COVID-19

PREVENTION OF COVID-19 FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Facemask 23 92%
Facemask and face shield 25 100%
Vitamins 25 100%
Stay at home 25 100%
Proper hand hygiene 25 100%
Sanitize the house 22 88%
Physical exercise 23 92%
Eat healthy foods 25 100%

Interpretation
Figure and table 50 present the ways of families on how to prevent COVID-19. 25 out of

25 families or 100% answered face mask and face shield, vitamins, stay at home, proper hand

hygiene, and eat healthy foods as their ways to prevent COVID-19. Furthermore, 23 out of 25

families, or 92 percent answered facemask and physical exercise as their ways. While 22 out of 25

families or 88% answered sanitize the house.

76
Implication

Since the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-

2) began, necessary measures to prevent virus transmission and reduce mortality have been

implemented, including mandatory public use of masks, regular hand-sanitizing and hand-

washing, social distancing, avoidance of crowds, remote work, and cancellation of public events,

taking vitamins every day and eating healthy foods. (Dadras et. al., 2021).

It's important to take steps and follow the health and safety protocols to prevent the spread

of the coronavirus because anyone can spread the virus.

Figure 51. Sources of Information in Prevention of COVID-19

SOURCES OF INFORMATION IN
PREVENTION OF COVID-19
12%
20%

96%

96%

Television Internet Radio Newspaper

77
 Table 51
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Sources of Information in Prevention of
COVID-19

SOURCES OF INFORMATION IN
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
PREVENTION OF COVID-19

Television 24 96%

Internet 24 96%

Radio 5 20%

Newspaper 3 12%

Interpretation

Figure and Table 51 shows that 96% or 24 out of 25 families get their information in the

prevention of COVID-19 on both the television and the internet; 20% or 5 families get their

information through a radio while 12% or 3 families utilize the newspaper to get information in

the prevention of COVID-19.

Implication

According to a study, internet and television usage increased during the COVID-19

pandemic, whereas newspaper and radio usage decreased significantly. The dissemination of

COVID-related information to the general public is greatly facilitated by the media and the way

we receive the information varies depending on what you utilize. In today's situation, the media

plays a critical role, as it can provide a unified platform for all public health announcements,

comprehensive healthcare education guidelines, and effective social distancing approaches while

preserving social relationships.

78
Figure 52. Graphical Presentation of Ratings of Coping with COVID-19

Ratings of Coping with COVID-19

0%
0% 0%

4% 4% 4%
8%

12%

36%

32%

Ten Nine Eight Seven Six Five Four Three Two One

Table 52
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Ratings of Coping with COVID-19
RATING FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
1 0 0%
2 0 0%
3 0 0%
4 1 4%
5 2 8%
6 3 12%
7 8 32%
8 9 36%
9 1 4%
10 1 4%

79
Interpretation

Figure and Table 52 show the statistical distribution and percentage of the rating of how

the families cope with the COVD-19 pandemic. 9 families or 36% rated 8; 8 families or 32% rated

7; 3 families or 12% rated 6; 2 families or 8% rated 5; while ratings 4,9 and 10 have only 4%.

Implication

As observed by Dela Cruz (2020), for all the complaints—valid or not—on social media,

Filipinos have survived the COVID-induced disruptions in their life in the past semester, not

because they are tops in discipline, but more because of their resilience, sense of Bayanihan and

faithfulness.

The challenge, though, was that while Filipinos may not be noted for their intense

discipline, they are noted for their resilience and adaptability. The unity to help each other, from

neighbors and our community, has made it possible for Filipinos to adapt to the new protocols. The

family spirit is always within us to protect each member of the family. They are willing to make a

sacrifice for the benefit of everybody and as such, we are pushed to obey to protect our family .

80
 Figure 53. Graphical Presentation of Affected Aspects in this Pandemic

AFFECTED ASPECTS IN THIS PANDEMIC

88% 88%

68%
96%

96%

Physical Emotional Social Spiritual Financial

Table 53
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Affected Aspects in this Pandemic

AFFECTED ASPECTS IN THIS PANDEMIC FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Physical 22 88%
Emotional 24 96%
Social 24 96%
Spiritual 17 68%
Financial 22 88%

Interpretation

The data from figure and table 53 illustrates that 24 out of 25 households are emotionally

and socially affected in this pandemic that is equivalent to 96%. Followed by 22 out of 25

households are affected in physical and financial aspects in this pandemic with a percentage of

both 88%. Only 17 families or 68% are spiritually affected aspects in this Pandemic.

81
Implication

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic greatly affects the economy and livelihood

of people around the world. Restrictions are highly needed as one of the possible strategies for

lowering the risk of mobility and mortality rates around the world. Implementation of lockdown

curfews, self-isolation, social distancing, and quarantine is necessary. However, it affects the

overall physical, mental, spiritual, social wellbeing and as well as the financial aspect of every

individual. (Poudel, 2020).

Figure 54. Graphical Presentation of Ways in Dealing with Affected Aspects

Ways in Dealing with Affected Aspects

4%

56%
56%

28%

80%

Help from the government Help from the relatives Help from the employer
Help from friends Prayer and Meditation

82
 Table 54
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of Ways in Dealing with Affected Aspects
WAYS DEALING WITH AFFECTED FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
ASPECTS
Help from the government 14 56%
Help from the relatives 20 80%
Help from the employer 7 28%
Help from friends 14 56%
Others:
Prayer and Meditation 1 4%

Interpretation
From the data presented above, it is shown that 80% or 20 families ask for help from their

relatives in dealing with affected aspects of the COVID 19 pandemic. Moreover, 56% or 14

families have both ratings in asking help from their friends as well as from the government.

Furthermore, 28% or 7 families ask for help from their employers. And 4% or 1 family deals

through prayer and meditation.

Implication

With the World Health Organization (WHO) designating COVID-19 as a global pandemic,

the novel coronavirus is spreading at a pace that requires significant policy and personal

interventions to contain and treat it. The economic impacts on households, businesses, and

financial markets could be profound. As the Organization for Economic Cooperation and

Development (2019) states, the economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic call for urgent

policy responses to keep the economy afloat and enable people to retain their jobs and incomes.

According to The World Bank (2021), at the onset of the COVID-19 global pandemic, the

Philippine government introduced a large-scale social protection program while placing the

country on strict community quarantine. With the Bayanihan to Heal as One Act, the government

provided emergency subsidies under the Social Amelioration Program or SAP.

83
 Figure 55. Graphical Presentation of How Long Will This Pandemic Last

How Long Will this Pandemic Last

20%

36%

24%

20%

1 year 2 years 3 years More than 3 years

Table 55
Frequency Distribution and Percentage of How Long Will This Pandemic Last
HOW LONG WILL THIS PANDEMIC FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
LAST
1 year 5 20%
2 years 6 24%
3 years 5 20%
More than 3 years 9 36%
TOTAL 25 100%

Interpretation

In the data above in Figure and Table 55, 9 families (36%), predicted this pandemic to last

more than three years. 6 families (24%) believe that the pandemic will be over in two years.

Whereas, 5 families (20%) assume that this pandemic will end within 3 years. Also, 5 families

(20%) expected 1 year for this pandemic to last.

84
Implications

According to OCHA, United States Agency for International Development announced an

additional $11.3 million in COVID-19 assistance for the Philippines to support the country's

vaccine rollout efforts as well as the Philippines' national response plan to detect, manage, and

treat COVID-19, particularly among the country's most vulnerable populations. USAID continues

to support local government units and health authorities in the Philippines, particularly frontline

healthcare workers, to prevent transmission, track priority populations for immunization, and treat

COVID patients in hospitals and at home, among other things. Meanwhile, 36% is the highest

percentage of household members who predicted that the pandemic would last more than 3 years.

85
 SCORING AND IDENTIFYING HEALTH PROBLEMS AND PRIORITY SETTING OF
COMMUNITY HEALTH PROBLEMS

Health Problems: Cough

ACTUAL
CRITERIA STANDARDS SCORE COMPUTATION JUSTIFICATION
SCORE
Cough is deemed a
health deficit
1. Nature of the
Health Deficit 3 3/3 x 1 1 because it indicates
Problem
the presence of a
health condition.
The resources
required to treat
2. Modifiability Removable 2 2/2 x 2 2 cough are available
in the family and
community.
The risk of spreading
the infection to other
members of the
family is moderate;
however, prompt
action is required.
3. Preventive One of the family
Moderate 2 2/3 x 1 0.66
Potentials members, such as
the mother, should
be familiar with
cough treatments
and has utilized
herbal medications
such as Lagundi.
Although there is a
risk of infection
Needs spreading to other
4. Salience of the
immediate 2 2/2 x 1 1 members, the
problem
attention infection is not life-
threatening unless it
is COVID-19.
TOTAL SCORE: 4.66

86
Health Problems: Headache
ACTUAL
CRITERIA STANDARDS SCORE COMPUTATION JUSTIFICATION
SCORE
Headache is a health
threat because it can
1. Nature of the interfere with the
Health Threat 2 2/3x1 0.66
Problem activities of daily
living of an
individual.
The community and
each of the families
have the necessary
2. Modifiability resources, and enough
Removable 2 2/2x2 2
of the problem knowledge,
technology, and
intervention to treat
headaches.
The possibility of
transferring headaches
to other family
3. Preventive members and in the
High 3 3/3x1 1
Potentials community is low,
hence, there is a high
possibility that it can
be prevented.
This does not need
Does not need immediate attention
4. Salience of the
immediate 1 1/2x1 0.5 because it is not life-
Problem
attention threatening and can be
treated immediately.
TOTAL SCORE: 4.16

87
Health Problems: COVID-19 Affected Aspect: Social and Emotional
ACTUAL
CRITERIA STANDARDS SCORE COMPUTATION JUSTIFICATION
SCORE
Social and
emotional health is
a health threat
since it affects an
individual's general
1. Nature of the health and well-
Health Threats 2 2/3 x 1 0.66
Problem being in terms of
positive
relationship
development and
emotion
management.
There is minimal
direct access to
resources for the
family and the
community since
Partially there is restrictions,
2. Modifiability 1 1/2 x 2 1
Modifiable not everyone is
allowed to go
outside and should
still follow the
health and safety
protocols.
The family is
susceptible to
social and
emotional health
conditions wherein
preventive
potential is high.
However, this can
3. Preventive
High 3 3/3 x 1 1 be reduced by
Potentials
acknowledging
one's emotions and
provide
comforting,
supporting, and
encourage the
family members to
participate in

88
 community
programs.

COVID-19 is a
really serious
matter to social and
emotional aspects
of health. Hence,
Needs the family sees this
4. Salience of
immediate 2 2/2 x 1 1 as a problem that
the problem
attention requires immediate
attention since
unwanted
conditions may
arise if it is not
properly addressed.
TOTAL SCORE: 3.66

89
 COMMUNITY NURSING CARE PLANS

Health Problem Community Nursing Problems Goals Objectives

Cough Inability to make decisions After nursing After nursing

regarding appropriate health intervention, the intervention, the
measures due to a lack of following are expected to following should be
adequate knowledge or insights take place achieved:
into alternative actions or home
remedies available to them. 1. Develop conscious 1. Enumerate
awareness of their about information on the
perceived health problem disease, including signs
of coughs. and symptoms, immediate
health care support, and
2. Prevent the preventive measures.
recurrence or frequency
of the disease in the 2. Identify the
future methods for preventing
the disease's occurrence.

3. Utilize resources
available in the
community in resolving
the problem.

4. Exemplify other
treatments or remedies
that can be used at home.

Methods of Nursing
Intervention Methods Resources Required Evaluation
Community Contact
1. Discuss the  Google meet Material Sources: Criteria:
causes and effects of cough  Phone calls  Visual aids Cured cough
with the community, as well  Phone texts such as PowerPoint
as the signs and symptoms, Presentation and video Standard:
common causes, and viewing. In 2-3 virtual meetings,
complications. cough will be cured
Human Resources: though family care
2. Explain the  Time and
importance of proper meal effort on the nurse's and
preparation, adequate community's part.
nutrition, rest, and sleep in

90
building one's resistance to
sickness and preventing
cough.
3. Cite methods for
eradicating the disease and
controlling its spread by
providing courses of action.
One example is the usage of
home remedies such as
Lagundi Syrup, Ginger Tea,
Honey and Calamansi Syrup,
and Garlic with Honey Tea.

4. Demonstrate proper
personal and environmental
hygiene among the
community, including:
a) Washing hands
very often; and
b) Cleaning and/or
dusting the house and
surroundings to prevent
acquiring the disease.

5. Provide information
on nearby health centers for
immediate treatment
assistance.

91
Health Problem Community Nursing Problems Goals Objectives

Headache Inability to make decisions with After nursing After nursing

respect to taking appropriate intervention, the intervention, the
health actions due to: following are expected to following should be
take place: achieved:
1.) failure to comprehend the
nature/ magnitude of the problem 1.) awareness and 1.) each family of the
familiarity with the community will have
2.) lack of adequate knowledge as condition adequate knowledge
to alternative courses of action about the condition,
open to them 2.) recurrence of the including ways on how to
condition is minimized prevent and treat it

2.) discuss with the

family the possible
consequences of the
condition if failed to take
appropriate health actions
at the earliest possible
time

Methods of Nursing
Intervention Methods Resources Required Evaluation
Community Contact
1. Discuss with the family  Google meet Material Sources: Criteria:
members about the condition  Phone calls  Visual aids Cured headache
and its possible threats.  Phone texts such as PowerPoint
Presentation and video Standard:
2. Provide adequate viewing. In 2-3 virtual meetings,
knowledge on various ways to headache will be cured
prevent its recurrence. Human Resources: though family care
 Time and
3. Explain the importance of effort on the nurse's and
knowing the necessary community's part.
information about the
condition to provide
additional knowledge.

4. Provide information on
health centers in the
community for immediate
health care assistance.

92
Health Problem Community Nursing Problems Goals Objectives

COVID-19 Inability to make decisions with After nursing After nursing

Affected Aspect: respect to taking appropriate intervention, the intervention, the
Social and health actions due to: following are expected to following should be
Emotional take place achieved:
1.) lack/inadequate
knowledge/insight as to 1. higher rate of coping 1.The community should
alternative courses of action open mechanism acquire information about
to them. the COVID-19 including
2. social and emotional its impact in terms of
2.) fear of social and emotional aspect is less affected. social and emotional
consequences of actions. well-being.

2. Discuss with the family

the consequences of
failing to take appropriate
coping ways and health
actions during this
pandemic.

Methods of Nursing
Intervention Methods Resources Required Evaluation
Community Contact
1. Discuss with the  Google meet Material Sources: Criteria:
community the impact of  Phone calls  Visual aids Healthy social and
COVID-19 outbreak in terms  Phone texts such as PowerPoint emotional state.
of social and emotional Presentation and video
aspect. viewing. Standard:
In 2-4 virtual meetings,
2. Provide adequate Human Resources: social and emotional state
knowledge on the various  Time and is not much affected.
ways to cope with social and effort on the nurse's and
emotional stressors brought community's part.
by COVID-19 pandemic.

3. Explain the importance of

social and emotional aspects
towards achieving overall
well-being.

93
 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter includes the summary of the study, the formulated community diagnosis,

conclusions made, and the recommendations of this study.

Summary of the findings:

1. The researchers used questionnaires to obtain the necessary data needed to validate the study.

The research approach of this study was a Descriptive quantitative study that includes gathering

information to describe the object of the study as it is has been or is viewed and critiquing the

object to identify the ways to improve it. The research population includes 25 families of the

students of 3BSN Block 3.

2. Most of the families are a nuclear family group consisting of parents and their children having

68% of the total families. Both mother and father are the family decision-maker with a percentage

of 48%. The majority of the families are Roman Catholic having a percentage of 84%, in which

their church has a hierarchy of priests and bishops under the pope and they also observe doing the

sign of the cross before they pray.

3. The results of the demographic profile have shown that the highest population age group are

Adolescence ages 12-21 (35%) dominated by 30% of males and 38% of females and followed by

Late Middle Age ages 45-64 years old (34%) dominated by 44% of males and 28% of females. In

terms of civil status, most are single having a percentage of 57%. The majority of the population

are college graduates having a percentage of 30%.

4. The population is mostly employed with a total percentage of 88%. The highest current

employment is in non-healthcare (private) company having a percentage of 48%.

94
5. For the family expenditures, from the total population, 96% spends more than P70 on their food.

When it comes to clothing number in times of buying, most families buy cloth more than thrice a

year with a percentage of 40%. Moreover, families spend on water and electricity having a

percentage of 100%. Most (92%) enrolled at private schools. One family (4%) includes Wi-Fi,

vehicle patrol, insurance, and pets in their family expenditures.

6. The majority of the families have a permanent or concrete type of dwelling structure accounted

for 88%. 96% are currently living in their owned house, and owned their lot having a percentage

of 64%, and none of the population lives in rented, as a caretaker or squatter areas. 60% of the

family has 3-4 bedrooms in their house. 64% of the population has a private vehicle at home which

can be used as a mode of transportation. All the families (100%) have good ventilation, adequate

lighting, and clean surroundings in their house.

7. The 88% population uses NAWASA as their source of water supply. In storing their drinking

water, families also use both refrigerated with a percentage of 88% and covered 64%. In addition,

76% uses plastics and, 64% uses bottles as their containers in storing their drinking water.

8. The families are mostly having a flush toilet with a percentage of 72%. 68% of the families

observe and collect their garbage disposal. The majority of the families have a blind drainage

system in which they have a trench filled with gravel or rock containing a perforated pipe that

redirects surface water which reduces the risk for contamination.

9. Majority of the families have a dog with a percentage of 88%. In terms of backyard gardening,

56% of them have vegetables in their backyard.

10. For the community resources, the health center is the most utilized facility having a percentage

of 96%. BHW or Barangay Health Worker garnered the highest percentage with 88% meaning it

95
is the most consulted indigenous health worker. Moreover, for the majority of the families, the

government is their source of health funds with a percentage of 68%.

11. Families' food preference is mixed fish, fruits and vegetables, and meat with 80%. For the rice

combination, rice and egg are the most common among the total families with 96%. In terms of

nutritional disorder, body weakness, and easy fatigability as the symptoms of anemia, and night

blindness, a symptom of vitamin A deficiency has accounted for 8%.

12. Most families practice family planning with a percentage of 72%. In terms of family planning

methods, families practice abstinence as the natural method with 28%; injectable and condoms as

the artificial methods with 8%; no families use surgical method.

13. Most of the families utilized health centers with a percentage of 92%. In addition, illness is the

main reason for the health center utilization having a percentage of 72%.

14. In times of illness, M.D. or Medicinae Doctor is the first consulted Health worker of the

families with a percentage of 72%. Cough is the first usual illness in the family with 76%, followed

by headache with 72%, and the third illness is fever with 68%. Moreover, only skin disease is the

other disease present in the family with 4%.

15. Wearing facemask and faceshield (100%), taking vitamins (100%), staying at home (100%),

proper hand hygiene (100%), and eating healthy foods (100%) are the COVID-19 prevention of

the families. These practices are advised by the World health organization and the Department of

Health to prevent the spread of pathogens and viruses. Furthermore, the majority of the families

gather information on the prevention of COVID-19 through television (96%) and the internet

(96%). These sources provide a wide range of data, updates, and factual information about The

COVID19. In the scale that measures the coping mechanism during the pandemic, 9 families rated

96
8 (36%) and 8 rated 7(32%). This implies that most of the families have a high coping mechanism

and deal effectively during the pandemic.

16. The majority of the family are affected emotionally (96%) and socially (96%) during the

pandemic. Stress, worry, fear, isolation, and social restrictions are the factors brought by COVID-

17. Most families seek help from their relatives (80%) to help them deal with the affected aspect.

The majority of the families anticipate that this pandemic will last for more than 3 years, with a

percentage of 36%.

Conclusion:
Based on the findings and results obtained, the researchers have arrived to the following

conclusions:

1. The researchers identify the first problem in the household which is cough as the usual illness.

In the data collected, it shows that cough holds 76% of the household’s population. Second

problem found in the household is headache as the usual illness with 72%. Third problem found

in the household is social and emotional affected aspect during the COVID-19 pandemic.

2. In the first problem, the data shows that cough is the first usual illness experienced in every

household. It can be triggered by both non-infectious causes, such as smoke, dust, and pet dander,

or by infectious agents, like bacteria and viruses. Cough, specifically dry cough, is one of the most

common symptoms of COVID-19.

3. The household's second most common problem is headache, which is a common illness in the

family. Headaches are a very common condition that almost everyone will have at any point in

their lives. Stress can make your head hurt, and a headache can make you feel even more

97
stressed. It has an impact on people in all aspects of their lives, including business, school,

social, and family interactions.

4. The third leading problem of the gathered data is COVID-19 affected aspect: social and

emotional wellbeing, wherein both are 96%. Pandemic changed social life drastically, the active

life habits based on relationships and contacts, physical and university activities, travel, and

gatherings. With social distancing, separating selves from society; This has made people feel very

much disconnected. The constant fear of contagion affects daily life and leads to social isolation,

modifying human relations may lead to depression, lethargy, stress, and anxiety. In emotional

wellbeing, the uncertainty surrounding coronavirus is the hardest thing to handle. No one knows

exactly how we’ll be impacted, how long this will last, or how bad things might get. At times like

this, it’s easy to get caught up in own fears and concerns. And that makes it all too easy to

catastrophize and spiral out into overwhelming dread and panic.

5. As provided by the result of the survey most of the respondents as their preventive measures,

they use face mask together with face shield, taking vitamins, staying at home, practicing proper

hand hygiene and eating healthy foods, which holds 100%. Respondents cannot control how severe

the coronavirus outbreak is in city or town, but can take steps to reduce own personal risk (and the

risk they’ll unknowingly spread it to others).

6. When it comes to staying updated during this Pandemic, a large number of respondents uses

television and internet connection with both 96% in the total population for their sources of

information to prevent COVID-19.

7. Most of the respondents show that they cope with COVID-19 with the rating of 8/10 or 36% of

the total population.

98
8. The way they deal with aspects affecting them, is help from their relatives which holds 80%.

And most of the respondents thinks that this pandemic will last for 3 years which holds 36%.

Community Diagnosis:

The community in which the student of Level 3 BSN block 3 lives is conducive to healthy

wellbeing. Despite the fact that the community faces various challenges, many of which are caused

by the pandemic's outbreak, the community can still be classified as healthy. Other than the threat

posed by the newly found COVID-19, there are no or very minor environmental risks. Through

the implementation of basic preventive measures and adherence to regulatory standards, the

community is coping admirably with the health threats posed by the pandemic.

The community must unite in order to create an environment that not only best satisfies

their demands in all aspects of life, but also, a secure and healthy one.

99
Recommendation:

1. Majority of the usual illness within the community is cough. Generally speaking, coughing is

perfectly normal. A cough can help to keep your throat clear from phlegm and other irritants.

However, sustained coughing can also be symptomatic of a number of conditions, such as an

allergy, a viral infection, or a bacterial infection.

Some home remedies that can relieve and soothe someone’s cough may be provided to enable

to control it at first. First, drink a lot of fluids. Staying hydrated, thins the drip so it’s less likely to

irritate throat and trigger a cough. This also makes it easier for the lungs to clear out the discharge.

And swallow some honey. It soothes the scratchiness in the back of your throat. One study

found that honey works just as well as over-the-counter drugs for calming nighttime coughs.

Sipping a hot drink, in some research shows that it can ease cold symptoms, including a cough.

The liquids are hydrating, and the heat helps to lower congestion. Like brew some calming

chamomile tea. Lastly, using over the counter drugs. Some natural OTC products that contain

very low doses of aspirin also help reduce the symptoms of sore throat and cough. (Nazario

MD, 2021)

Barangay Health Workers are suggested to encourage the community to make sure to get

annual flu shot, health teachings like avoid coming in contact with others who are sick, eating

healthy foods, drinking plenty of fluids to stay hydrated, cleaning the common areas of your

home or room frequently this is especially important for countertops, toys, or mobile phones,

washing hands frequently, especially after coughing, eating, going to the bathroom, or caring

for someone who’s sick.

100
2. The second leading problem is having headaches. According to Wedro (2020), headache or

head pain sometimes can be difficult to describe, but some common symptoms include

throbbing, squeezing, constant, unrelenting, or intermittent. The location may be in one part of

the face or skull or may be generalized involving the whole head. Also, it may arise

spontaneously or may be associated with activity or exercise. It may have an acute onset or it

may be chronic in nature with or without episodes of increasing severity. To relieve headaches,

individual may do some adequate rest and the use of over the counter (OTC) medication in

pain. In addition, by Robinson (2020), there are several simple things that can do to ease the

pain without consulting to doctor. By having headaches possible to do are, placing a cold pack

on forehead with ice cubes wrapped in a towel and keep it compress towards head for 15 minutes,

and then take a break for 15 minutes. And also do wear sunglasses when doing outdoor activities

or wear a not to tight hat because bright or flickering light can also cause by headache. It could

be also keeping hydrated by drinking a lot of water can elevate pain. Dehydration can cause a

headache or make it worse. Or the use of medication in moderation, pain reliever can help to

reduce all kinds of headaches but to get the benefit with the least risk of it follow the directions

on the label and guidelines.

3. Most of the respondents’ social and emotional wellbeing were affected due to COVID-19

Pandemic. During the pandemic there’s an even greater focus on the damaging effects of

mental illness. One aspect of well-being that’s closely tied to mental health is social health and

emotional health, which has been greatly challenged during the pandemic. According

Providence (2020).

Social health is our ability to form meaningful relationships with others, from partners to

coworkers, family members to friends, enjoy positive interactions and adapt in social

101
situations. But because of COVID-19, social health has been impacted by distancing, isolation

and lockdowns. Knowing that socializing impacts our physical health, mental health and

mortality risk, it’s more vital than ever for people to feel connected and supported. Some ways

to have a better social health during pandemic are provided. It includes building social health

by starting with a healthy self or in other word self-care. Next is in this time of pandemic

people can provide quality time with family, connecting with their kids at home and also

regular contact through messaging or calling friends. These are important tips to have a better

social health in this time of pandemic as it is to maintain and have a still strong bond in family

and friends. By staying socially healthy it will benefit their physical and mental and

individual’s overall quality of life.

According to the site of NYC Health and Hospitals, to better manage individual’s

emotional health during the pandemic, try to include by move your body because physical

activity is good for preventing anxiety and depression or by eating a healthy food and spend

or surround yourself with a good company, including friends and family. As a result, staying

connected to the people who you care about is a must. It can be also, finding a quiet time for

meditation or prayer to make them calm and practicing self-awareness. Lastly, staying positive

things and speak with a professional counselor if extremely experiencing mental health

problem.

In addition, eating healthy meals, getting plenty of sleep, and meditating may help. If the

community feel themselves start to spin out into negativity or panic, grounding their selves in

the present moment can stop the negative spiral and allow their brain to come back online,

bringing attention to their breath and body, focus all of their attention on the here and now:

noticing the sights, sounds, and smells around them and what they’re feeling in their body.

102
 Continue to breathe slowly in and out, gently bringing their mind back to their body and breath

every time it drifts—until they feel calmer. It’s important to take breaks from stressful thoughts

about the pandemic to simply enjoy each other’s company—to laugh, share stories, and focus

on other things going on in our lives.

4. Most families believe that this pandemic will last for more than 3 years. According to Faheem

Younus, MD, the chief of infectious disease at the University of Maryland Upper Chesapeake

health that the past pandemics have typically lasted between 12 and 36 months. For the

following months, face masks and face shields are a necessity, and proper hygiene and proper

hand washing are a must to survive this long pandemic.

5. Most of the families have a rate of 8 over 10 with coping in the COVID-19 pandemic and some

have inadequate knowledge. Barangay health workers should conduct health teachings on

dealing and coping with the COVID-19 outbreak.

103
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 APPENDICES

COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT FORM

Respondent: Age:

Stage: Sex:

Relation to Head: (If not the Head of the Family)

I. Family Data

A. Head of the Family: Age:

B. Name of Spouse: Age:

C. Address: Tel. No:

D. Educational Attainment:

i. Husband:

ii. Wife:

E. Length of Residency:

F. Ethnic Origin:

G. Family:

□Nuclear

□Extended

□Single-Parent

107
H. Religion:

□Roman Catholic

□Born-Again Christian

□Iglesia Ni Cristo

□Jehovah’s Witness

□Latter-day Saints

□Muslim

I. Number of Children:

J. Number of Alive Children:

K. Number of Deceased Children:

L. Members of the Household:

M. Gender:

i. How many females are there in your family?

ii. How many males are there in your family?

N. Age: How many in your family are aged…

i. 0-2:

ii. 3-5:

iii. 6-11:

iv. 12-21:

v. 22-34:

vi. 25-44:

vii. 45-64:

108
 viii. 65 and above years old:

O. Age and Sex Distribution:

(Determine how many females are there in your family based on the age group below.)

How many females are aged…?

i. 0-2:

ii. 3-5:

iii. 6-11:

iv. 12-21:

v. 22-34:

vi. 25-44:

vii. 45-64:

viii. 65 and above years old:

How many males are aged…?

i. 0-2:

ii. 3-5:

iii. 6-11:

iv. 12-21:

v. 22-34:

vi. 25-44:

vii. 45-64:

viii. 65 and above years old:

109
P. Civil Status:

How many single in the family?

How many married in the family?

How many widows in the family?

A. Educational Attainment:

(Determine how many in your family are in…)

i. Elementary Level:

ii. Elementary Graduate:

iii. High School Level:

iv. High School Graduate:

v. College Level:

vi. College Graduate:

vii. Masteral/Doctoral Level:

viii. Masteral/Doctoral Graduate:

ix. Vocational Education Level:

x. Vocational Education Graduate:

110
II Socio Economic Data

A. Sources of Income

Husband:

□Employed

□Self Employed

□Property (dividend, interests, rents)

□Unemployed

□Not Applicable

Monthly Income

□Below P2,000

□P2,000-P5,000

□P5,001-P8,000

□More than P8,000

□Not Applicable

Wife:

□Employed

□Self Employed

□Property (dividend, interests, rents)

□Unemployed

□Not Applicable

Monthly Income:

□Below P2,000

□P2,000-P5,000

111
 □P5,001-P8,000

□More than P8,000

□Not Applicable

Current Employment:

□Non-Healthcare (Private)

□Non-Healthcare (Government)

□Healthcare (Private)

□Healthcare (Government)

B. Family Expenditures

1. Food

□Below P50

□P50-P70

□More than P70

2. Clothing number of times of buying

□Once a year

□Twice a year

□Thrice a year

□More than thrice a year

3. Housing

□Water

□Telephone

□Electricity

112
 4. Schooling

□Public

□Private

5. Other Expenditure

C. Housing and Environmental Condition

A. Type of Home

□Concrete

□Wood

□Mixed

□Makeshift

Ownership Status of the House

□Owned

□Rented

□Caretaker/Free

Ownership of Status of Lot

□Owned

□Rented/Leased

□Squatter

□Caretaker/Free

□Common property with other family members

113
Number of Bedrooms

□1-2

□3-4

□5-6

□More than 6

Availability of Private Vehicle

□Yes

□No

Ventilation

□Poor

□Good

Lighting

□Adequate

□Inadequate

Surroundings

□Clean

□Dirty

B. Sources of Water Supply

□Artesian well

□NAWASA

□Deep well

114
C. Storage of Drinking Water

□Refrigerated

□Covered

□Uncovered

Containers used in Drinking Water

□Plastic

□Clay Jars

□Bottles

□Water Jug

□Gallon

D. Toilet Facilities (Sanitary)

□Flush

□Pit privy

□Owned

□Shared

Toilet Facilities (Unsanitary)

□ “Ballot System”

□Not Applicable

E. Garbage Disposal

□Collection

□Burying

□Garbage Cans

115
 □Burning

Dumping

Open dumping

F. Food Storage

□Covered

□Refrigerated

□Uncovered

Drainage System

□Blind

□Open

□Not Applicable

G. Presence of Animals

□Dogs

□Cats

□Pigs

□Others:

H. Backyard Gardening

□Vegetables

□Herbal

□Fruit-bearing

□No backyard gardening

116
D. Community Resources

A. Health and Other Facilities

□Health Center

□School

□Park

□Barangay Hall

□Church

□Market

□Private Clinic

□Private Hospital

□Public Hospital

B. Indigenous Health Workers

□BHW

□Trained "hilot"

□Untrained Hilot

□Herbularyo

C. Sources of Health Funds

□Government

□NGOs/Pos

□Private

□Not Applicable

E. Nutrition

117
A. Food Preference

□Fish

□Fruits/Vegetables

□Meat

□Mixed

B. Common

□Rice and egg

□Rice and noodles

□Rice and sardines

C. Presence of Nutritional Disorder

1. Goiter

□Enlargement of neck

□Hoarseness

□Dysphagia

□N/A

2. Anemia

□Pallor

□Body weakness

□Easy fatigability

□N/A

3. Vitamin A Deficiency

□Night blindness

118
 □"Pilak sa mata"

□Not Applicable

F. Knowledge, Attitude and Practices

A. Do you utilize the Health Center?

□Yes

□No

If no, why?

B. Reason

□Illness

□Family Planning

□Dental

□Prenatal

□Postnatal

□Nutrition

□Not Applicable

C. Healthworker consulted in times of Illness

□M.D.

□Nurse

□Midwife

□"Hilot"

□"Herbularyo"

119
 □BHW

D. Usual Illness in the family

□Fever

□Headache

□Hypertension

□Stroke

□Diabetes Mellitus

□Body Pain

□Cough

□Colds

□Diarrhea

□Cancer, CHD

What do you do for this condition?

□Self-medication

□Consultation

□Hospital

□Private Clinics

□Nursing

E. Other Disease

□TB

□Leprosy

□Skin disease

□Hepatitis

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 □Not Applicable

F. Do you submit your children (0-12 months) for immunization?

□BCG

□DPT

OPV

□Not Applicable

G. Do you practice family planning methods?

□Yes

□No

If no, why?

Natural Methods

□Calendar

□Abstinence

□Withdrawal

□Not Applicable

Artificial Methods

□Injectables (DEPO)

□Pills

□Intra-uterine device

□Condom

□Not Applicable

121
Surgical Methods

□Ligations

□Vasectomy

□Not Applicable

H. Method of Infant feeding

□Breast

□Bottle

□Mixed

□Not Applicable

I. Subjects you want to learn in health education

□Drug abuse

□Nutrition

□Family Planning

□Herbal Plants

□First aid measure

J. Sources of information in Prevention of COVID-19

□Television

□Radio

□Internet

□Newspaper

K. Coping with COVID-19 (Rate 1-10):

L. Affected Aspects in this Pandemic

□Physical

122
 □Emotional

□Social

□Spiritual

□Financial

M. Ways in Dealing with Affected Aspects

□Help from the government

□Help from the relatives

□Help from the employer

□Help from friends

□Others:

N. How long will this Pandemic Last

□1 year

□2 years

□3 years

□More than 3 years

123
 Curriculum Vitae

Name: Cliff Rymmus S. Asuncion Your cutie fecture

Address: #209 San Miguel, Calasiao, Pangasinan
Contact Number: 09260085955
Email Address: [email protected]

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth: April 22, 2000
Age: 21
Gender: Male
Place of Birth: Calasiao, Pangasinan
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Born Again Christian
Name of Parents
Father: Ricardo C. Miranda Jr.
mother: Yolanda A. Miranda

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
Elementary: San Miguel Elementary School
Secondary: Calasiao Comprehensive National High School /PHINMA- University of
Pangasinan
Tertiary: PHINMA- University of Pangasinan

124
 Curriculum Vitae

Name: Aira Jane S. Basuel

Address: Malimpin, Dasol, Pangasinan
Contact Number: 09308326813
Email Address: [email protected]

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth: December 25,2001
Age: 19
Gender: Female
Place of Birth: Malimpin, Dasol, Pangasinan
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Name of Parents
Father: Fernard N. Basuel
Mother: Lina S. Basuel

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
Elementary: Malimpin Elementary School
Secondary: St. Adelaide School - Philippines
Tertiary: PHINMA- University of Pangasinan

125
 Curriculum Vitae

Name: Eduardo C. Biag

Address: Calaoagan, Laoac, Pangasinan
Contact Number: 09612983357
Email Address: [email protected]

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth: November 23, 2000
Age: 20
Gender: Male
Place of Birth: Region 1 Dagupan City, Pangasinan
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Name of Parents
Father: Eduardo O. Biag
Mother: Melarda S. Castillo

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
Elementary: Inmanduyan Elementary School
Secondary: Manaoag National High School
Tertiary: PHINMA- University of Pangasinan

126
 Curriculum Vitae

Name: Precious Anne M. Billones Your cutie fecture

Address: 07 Doyong, Calasiao, Pangasinan
Contact Number: 09672636957
Email Address: [email protected]

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth: November 17, 2000
Age: 20
Gender: F
Place of Birth: San Carlos City, Pangasinan
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Name of Parents
Father: Bonifacio C. Billones Jr. I
Mother: Norma M. Billones

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
Elementary: Holy Trinity School of Calasiao Inc.
Secondary: Saint Charles Academy
Tertiary: PHINMA- University of Pangasinan

127
 Curriculum Vitae

Name: Kriscel F. Briones

Address: #172 Zamora St. Brgy. Casaratan San Nicolas,Pangasinan
Contact Number: 09395768768
Email Address: [email protected]

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth: August 23,2000
Age: 21
Gender: Female
Place of Birth: EPDH Tayug, Pangasinan
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Name of Parents
Father: Joel F. Briones
Mother: Lourdes F. Briones

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
Elementary: West Central Elementary School
Secondary: PHINMA-University of Pangasinan Urdaneta
Tertiary: PHINMA- University of Pangasinan

128
 Curriculum Vitae

Name: Ross Patrick D. Buan

Your cutie fecture
Address: #1026 Sunrise Subd. Arellano Bani Dagupan City
Contact Number: 09167930695
Email Address: [email protected]

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth: October 1, 1999
Age: 22
Gender: Male
Place of Birth: San Carlos City, Pangasinan
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Catholic
Name of Parents
Father: Ferdinand Buan
Mother: Suzanne Domantay

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
Elementary: La Marea Academy
Secondary: PHINMA- University of Pangasinan
Tertiary: PHINMA- University of Pangasinan

129
 Curriculum Vitae

Name: Roxanne Gayle C. Canonoy

Address: 12 San Vicente Calasiao, Pangasinan
Contact Number: 09234604954
Email Address: [email protected]

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth: September 26, 2000
Age: 21
Gender: Female
Place of Birth: Region I Medical Center
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Name of Parents
Father: Rolly C. Canonoy
Mother: Yolly C. Canonoy

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
Elementary: Calasiao Central School
Secondary: PHINMA-University of Pangasinan
Tertiary: PHINMA- University of Pangasinan

130
 Curriculum Vitae

Name: Jaylaiza Jane C. Caoile Your cutie fecture

Address: 370 Sitio bacol Malabago Calasiao Pangasinan
Contact Number: 09393731847
Email Address: [email protected]

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth: February 25, 2001
Age: 20
Gender: Female
Place of Birth: Lobong San Jacinto
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Name of Parents
Father: Renato O. Caoile (DC)
Mother: Wennie O. Carcha

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
Elementary: Malabago Elementary School
Secondary: PHINMA- University of Pangasinan
Tertiary: PHINMA- University of Pangasinan

131
 Curriculum Vitae

Name: John Rashed H. Castro

Address: #121, Talogtog, Mangaldan, Pangasinan
Contact Number: 09772029861
Email Address: [email protected]

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth: June 1, 2001
Age: 20
Gender: Male
Place of Birth: Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Name of Parents
Father: Raymond Castro
Mother: Riolita Castro

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
Elementary: Clarice Angels School
Secondary: Clarice Angels School
Tertiary: PHINMA University of Pangasinan

132
 Curriculum Vitae

Name: Princess Lovely L. Cervantes

Address: Sison, Pangasinan
Contact Number: 09951696375
Email Address: [email protected]

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth: February 14, 2001
Age: 20
Gender: Female
Place of Birth: San Carlos, Pangasinan
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Name of Parents
Father: Edmond V Cervantes
Mother: Maria Rolidia L Cervantes

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
Elementary: Sison Central Integrated School
Secondary: Northern Luzon Adventist College
Tertiary: PHINMA- University of Pangasinan

133
 Curriculum Vitae

Name: Allen Perry Z. Coloma

Address: #156 Balagan Binmaley Pangasinan
Contact Number: 09772931339
Email address: [email protected]

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth: September16, 2001

Age: 20
Gender: Male
Place of Birth: RHU II Camaley Binmaley Pangasinan
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Name of parents:
Father: Alberto G. Coloma
Mother: Perla Z. Coloma

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
Elementary: Balagan Elementary School
Secondary: Binmaley Catholic School Inc.
Tertiary: PHINMA-University of Pangasinan

134
 Curriculum Vitae

Name: Kristine Marie Y. Cristobal

Address: Mamarlao, San Carlos City, Pangasinan
Contact Number: 09281732016
Email Address: [email protected]

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth: April 12, 2001
Age: 20
Gender: Female
Place of Birth: Pasig City, Philippines
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Name of Parents
Father: Ronaldo P. Cristobal
Mother: Erla C. Yabanez

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
Elementary: Central I Elementary School
Secondary: Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation
Tertiary: PHINMA- University of Pangasinan

135
 Curriculum Vitae

Name: Emabelle Jasmine P. De Vera Your cutie fecture

Address: 5 Bolingit, San Carlos City, Pangasinan
Contact Number: 09460022467
Email Address: [email protected]

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth: October 14, 2001
Age: 20
Gender: Female
Place of Birth: Dagupan City
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Name of Parents
Father: Emmanuel M. De Vera
Mother: Belenda P. De Vera

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
Elementary: St. Charles Academy
Secondary: PHINMA- University of Pangasinan
Tertiary: PHINMA- University of Pangasinan

136
 Curriculum Vitae

Name: Nyree T. Ferrer

Address: A.B. Fernandez East, Dagupan City, Pangasinan
Contact Number: 09456239272
Email Address: [email protected]

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth: April 10, 2001
Age: 20
Gender: Female
Place of Birth: Dagupan City, Pangasinan
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Born – Again Christian
Name of Parents
Father: Jinghes C. Ferrer
Mother: Jean T. Ferrer

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
Elementary: Bolosan Elementary School
Secondary: Lyceum-Northwestern University
Tertiary: PHINMA- University of Pangasinan

137
 Curriculum Vitae

Name: Christwil Angelhen Q. Gadiano

Address: Domalandan West Lingyaen, Pangasinan
Contact Number: 09279313764
Email Address: [email protected]

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth: November 6, 2001
Age: 19
Gender: Female
Place of Birth: Tuba, Benguet
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Born-Again Christian
Name of Parents
Father: Wilson D. Gadiano
Mother: Helen Q. Gadiano

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
Elementary: Guesang Elementary School
Secondary: Labrador National High School
Tertiary: PHINMA- University of Pangasinan

138
 Curriculum Vitae

Name: Patricia R. Gregorio

Address: #24 Bonuan Sabangan Dagupan City, Pangasinan
Contact Number: 09665335187
Email Address: [email protected]

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth: May 31, 2000
Age: 21
Gender: Female
Place of Birth: Dagupan City, Pangasinan
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Name of Parents
Father: Gary M. Gregorio
Mother: Marivic R. Gregorio

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
Elementary: St. John’s Cathedral School
Secondary: St. John’s Cathedral School (SHS)
Tertiary: PHINMA- University of Pangasinan

139
 Curriculum Vitae

Name: Nicole Christine C. Isidoro

Address: San Francisco, Bugallon, Pangasinan
Contact Number: 09954375939
Email Address: [email protected]

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth: December 21, 2000
Age: 20
Gender: Female
Place of Birth: Caloocan City, Manila
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Name of Parents
Father: Zoilo D. Isidoro Jr.
Mother: Mary Jane C. Isidoro

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
Elementary: Mayi Montessori School
Secondary: PHINMA- University of Pangasinan
Tertiary: PHINMA- University of Pangasinan

140
 Curriculum Vitae

Name: Missy B. Lumapac Your cutie fecture

Address: #50 Pogo Bautista Pangasinan
Contact Number: 09265857441
Email Address: [email protected]

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth: May 16,2001
Age: 20
Gender: Female
Place of Birth: Pogo Bautista, Pangasinan
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Name of Parents
Father: Gavino D. Lumapac
Mother: Ruena B. Lumapac

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
Elementary: Pogo Elementary School
Secondary: Perpetual Help College of Pangasinan
Tertiary: PHINMA- University of Pangasinan

141
 Curriculum Vitae

Name: Louise Angela A. Minglana

Your cutie fecture
Address: #143 Herrero Street Dagupan City
Contact Number: 09494513548
Email Address: [email protected]

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth: October 12, 1999
Age: 22
Gender: Female
Place of Birth: Dagupan, Pangasinan
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Catholic
Name of Parents
Father: Edgar Minglana
Mother: Belen Minglana

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
Elementary: Wonderland School
Secondary: PHINMA- University of Pangasinan
Tertiary: PHINMA- University of Pangasinan

142
 Curriculum Vitae

Name: Abegail Bartolome Navalez

Address: : #297 Nalsian Bacayao De Venecia Highway Calasiao, Pang,.
Contact Number: 09193888873
Email Address: [email protected]

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth: April 1, 2000
Age: 21
Gender: Female
Place of Birth: Dagupan City
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Born Again- Christian
Name of Parents
Father: Rolando C. Navalez
Mother: Nora B. Navalez

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
Elementary: St. John’s Cathedral School

Secondary: St. John’s Cathedral School (SHS)

Tertiary: PHINMA- University of Pangasinan

143
 Curriculum Vitae

Name: Kyla Marie A. Nicomedez

Address: Minien West, Villa Sta. Barbara, Pangasinan
Contact Number: 09175900892
Email Address: [email protected]

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth: September 8, 2000
Age: 20
Gender: Female
Place of Birth: Dagupan City, Pangasinan
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Name of Parents
Father: Abraham P. Nicomedez
Mother: Lucy A. Nicomedez

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
Elementary: Horizon Educational Learning Centre
Secondary: Dagupan City National High School
Tertiary: PHINMA- University of Pangasinan

144
 Curriculum Vitae

Name: Angelika R. Padawan

Address: Naguilayan, Binmaley, Pangasinan
Contact Number: 09480655442
Email Address: [email protected]

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth: November 11, 2001
Age: 19
Gender: Female
Place of Birth: Binmaley, Pangasinan
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Born – Again Christian
Name of Parents
Father: Froilan C. Padawan
Mother: Juvy R. Padawan

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
Elementary: Naguilayan Elementary School
Secondary: Pangasinan National High School
Tertiary: PHINMA- University of Pangasinan

145
 Curriculum Vitae

Name: Noreen M. Padilla Your cutie fecture

Address: Brgy. San Jose Alaminos City, Pangasinan
Contact Number: 09613429269
Email Address: [email protected]

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth: February 15, 2001
Age: 20
Gender: Female
Place of Birth: Alaminos City, Pangasinan
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Name of Parents
Father: Brendo M. Padilla
Mother: Leonora G. Mendez

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
Elementary: San Jose Elementary School
Secondary: Alaminos City National High School
Tertiary: PHINMA- University of Pangasinan

146
 Curriculum Vitae

Name: Audrey Mae S. Rampas

Address: Blk 20, Lt 6-7 Poblacion, Bugallon, Pangasinan
Contact Number: 09214659015
Email Address: [email protected]

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth: August 6, 1999
Age: 22
Gender: Female
Place of Birth: Bugallon, Pangasinan
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Name of Parents
Father: Alex R. Rampas
Mother: Maricel S. Rampas

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
Elementary: Bugallon Integrated School
Secondary: Saint Columban’s College
Tertiary: PHINMA- University of Pangasinan

147
 Curriculum Vitae

Name: Camelle C. Ventanilla,

Address: Guiguilonen, Mangaldan, Pangasinan
Contact Number: 09272211018
Email Address: [email protected]

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth: July 30, 2001
Age: 20
Gender: Female
Place of Birth: Guiguilonen, Mangaldan, Pangasinan
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Name of Parents
Mother: Josefa C. Ventanilla

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
Elementary: Mangaldan Central School
Secondary: Mangaldan National Highschool

Tertiary: PHINMA- University of Pangasinan

148