General Chemistry 1: Quarter 1 - Module 1
General Chemistry 1: Quarter 1 - Module 1
General Chemistry 1: Quarter 1 - Module 1
General Chemistry 1
Quarter 1 – Module 1
Properties of Matter and Its Various Forms
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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro
Schools Division Superintendent: Dr. Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, CESO V
General
Chemistry 1
Quarter 1 – Module 1
Properties of Matter and Its Various Forms
Lesson 1.1:
Properties of Matter ..................................................................................................... 1
What I Need to Know .................................................................................... 1
What’s New ................................................................................................... 1
What Is It ....................................................................................................... 2
What’s More ................................................................................................. 3
What Is It ....................................................................................................... 3
What’s More (1) ............................................................................................. 4
What’s More (2) ............................................................................................. 5
What I Have Learned .................................................................................... 6
Lesson 4.2:
Common Chemical Substances ......................................................................... 7
What’s In........................................................................................................ 7
What’s New ................................................................................................... 7
What Is It ..................................................................................................... .. 8
What’s More ................................................................................................ .. 8
What’s In...................................................................................................... .. 9
What’s More ................................................................................................ .. 10
Summary …………………………………………………………………………………………..12
Assessment: (Post-Test) ………………………………………………………………………….11
Key to Answers ................................................................................................................... …13
Reference …………………………………………………………………………………….........14
What This Module is About
This module discusses properties of matter and Its various forms, recognizing
common chemical substances, as well as comparing consumer products on the
basis of their components for use, safety, quality, and cost
You are expected to answer and complete the activities given in each lesson.
Strictly follow the instructions in each activity. You may write your answers on the
answer sheets provided.
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How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.
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What I Know
Pre Assessment
Directions: Choose the best answer among the choices. Encircle the letter of your
answer.
3. Which is the most suitable separation method can be used to separate a mixture of
different colored ink?
A. chromatography C. evaporation
B. distillation D. filtration
4. What is matter?
A. building blocks to make up organisms C. molecules that makes up all things
B. anything that is measured and seen D. none of the above
5. Which is the most suitable separation method can be used to separate the mixture of
liquids in crude oil?
A. distillation C. chromatography
B. evaporation D. fractional distillation
8. Tony Stark, a consumer with light colored hair, would like to buy shampoo but he saw
that it contains high amounts of sulfate. What should Tony do?
A. buy the shampoo C. find a sulfate free shampoo
B. test the shampoo D. find alternatives to shampoo
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Lesson
Properties of Matter
1.1
What I Need to Know
What’s the difference between silver and its alloy? Why does copper conduct
electricity? Why is alcohol volatile? This unit will help you answer these questions and
understand the composition and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes.
This module discusses about the properties of matter to identify substances
and to separate them (STEM_GC11MPIa-b-5). We will also try to describe various
simple separation techniques such as distillation, chromatography
(STEM_GC11MPIa-b-12).
What’s New
Object: cellphone
Qualitative Quantitative
Color black, with pink casing, with tempered 3000mAh, 32gb, 4gb ROM, 4mp front
glass, yellow wallpaper, made of alloy, camera, 12mp back camera, 600 pictures,
Oppo 43 videos
Object: ___________________
Qualitative Quantitative
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What Is It
Each substance has its own set of characteristics or properties that distinguishes it
from all other substances. Pepper is pungent while sugar is sweet. Sand is grainy. Glass is
breakable. Wood burns. Clothes can be folded. Apple and potato slices, when exposed to air,
turn brown. In these examples, no matter what size or shape these substances have, their
particular property does not change.
By examining materials, you can find similarities and differences in their properties. This will
enable you to organize them into groups.
Properties of Matter
Physical properties are properties that are observed without changing the
composition of the substance, though their form may change. Certain properties such as color,
viscosity, transparency, melting point, boiling point, hardness, density, specific heat, and
atomic or molecular diameter are usually referred to as physical properties. These properties
are involved in a physical change.
Some physical properties cannot be measured (qualitative) while others can be (quantitative).
Table 1.1 lists some physical and chemical properties of a substance-lauric acid. How does
the physical property compare with its chemical property?
OTHER PROPERTIES
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The characteristics of a substance, regardless of its shape and size, are called intrinsic
properties. Color, viscosity, taste, and transparency are examples of intrinsic properties that
cannot be expressed in numbers. Intrinsic properties assigned with definite values are boiling
point, melting point, density, and refractive index. The characteristics of a substance which
pertain only to its appearance including is shape, length, mass, and temperature are called
extrinsic properties.
What’s More
What Is It
Knowing about a material’s physical and chemical property in order to correctly choose the
most efficient separation technique.
Mixtures are physical combinations of two or more substances. They can be separated
by physical processes. The method of separating a mixture into its components depends
primarily on the properties of each of the components. The following are the more common
methods of separating a mixture:
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1. Distillation is used to separate a mixture containing volatile components. This involves
evaporation followed by condensation. Simple distillation is used when the liquid components
in the solution have widely different boiling points or when a dissolved solid remains in the
distilling flask as its solvent distills off. For mixtures of liquids when boiling points vary within a
small range, fractional distillation is recommended. Components of crude oil are separated
into fractions through this process. Petroleum products such as LPG, kerosene, gasoline,
bunker fuel oil, and asphalt are fractions from crude oil.
Filtration
Evaporation
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What’s More (2)
Activity 4: Chromatography
Directions: you will perform basic chromatography. Prepare all your materials beforehand.
Pass this activity with the deadline indicated by the teacher.
Materials: ordinary filter paper, water-based ink pen (black), Erlenmeyer flask (if available) or
mini coke plastic container (substitute)
Procedure:
1. Cut a small strip of filter paper long enough to reach the bottom of the container or
Erlenmeyer flask while folding about 1cm over the lip. The strip should be about 1” (2.5cm)
wide.
2. Using a water-based ink pen, make a small dot about 0.5” (1.3cm) from one end of the filter
paper.
3. Add enough water to the container to over the bottom of the filter paper but not enough to
reach the ink dot.
4.Place the filter paper in the container with the dotted end facing down.
5. observe and describe what happens to the ink dot.
Questions:
1. What colors rose from the black ink?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2. If you were to perform the activity again but this time using an ink of different color (e.g. blue
or red), would you still obtain the same results? Explain (You may try this procedure using a
different ink color to find out)
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
3. What practical applications does chromatography have?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
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What I Have Learned
1. Describe how you will separate the following components of the following mixture:
a. palay husk from the grain
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
b. dissolved dye from water
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
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Lesson
Common Chemical Substances
1.2
What’s In
Previously, we have learned how the different properties of matter as well as
its composition. We have also discussed separation techniques in different mixtures.
Now, as we’re already talking about substances and mixtures, let’s take a look at
common chemical substances (STEM_GC11MPIa-b-9) and we will try to recognize
them as well as compare consumer products on the basis of their components for
use, safety, quality, and cost (STEM_GC11MPIa-b-1)
What’s New
2 Sn 9 Mg
3 Ti 10 Be
4V 11 Rn
5 Sb 12 F
6 Kr 13 B
7 Xe 14 Tl
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What Is It
Matter can be classified into three types based on its composition – elements, compounds,
and mixtures. Elements are two kinds of substances: a substance is matter whose
composition is fixed. Mixtures are not substances because they have a variable composition
1. Elements. An element is the simplest type of matter with unique physical and chemical
properties. It consists of only one kind of atom, and, therefore, cannot be broken down into a
simpler type of matter by any physical or chemical methods. Each element has a name, such
as carbon, fluorine, or oxygen. A sample of fluorine contains only fluorine atoms.
In nature, most elements exist as population of atoms, either separated or in contact
with each other, depending on the physical state. Several elements occur in molecular form:
molecule is an independent structure of two or more atoms bound together. Oxygen, for
example, occurs in air as diatomic (two atom) molecules.
2. Compounds. Compounds are substances formed when two or more elements combine
through a chemical change. Sodium chloride, sugar, and water are examples of compounds.
Another feature of a compound is that its properties are different from the properties of its
compound elements. Example: soft, silvery sodium metal and yellow-green, poisonous
chlorine gas are very different from the compound they form- white, crystalline sodium
chloride, or table salt!
Unlike an element, a compound can be broken down into simpler substances. For
example, am electric current breaks down molten sodium chloride into metallic sodium and
chlorine gas.
3. Mixtures. A mixture consists of two or more substances (elements and/or compounds) that
are mixed together. Because a mixture is NOT a substance, the components of a mixture can
vary in their parts by mass. For example, a mixture of the compounds sodium chloride and
water can have different parts by mass of salt to water. A mixture also retains many of the
properties of its components.
3 CH4
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4 NH3
5 N2 O
6 K2SO4
7 H2O2
8 Hydrofluoric acid
9 Hypobromous acid
10 NO
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MnSO4
12 Perchlorate
13 Cyanide
14 BaO2
15 NaNO2
16 CaCO3
What’s In
CHEMISTRY IN INDUSTRY
Many science principles are applied in industries. Industrialization not only uplifts the
quality of human existence, but also propels nation to higher levels of economic prosperity.
Many pure substances and mixtures, organic or inorganic in nature, are now
commercially manufactured and used by school and government laboratories, households, or
industries as raw materials for intermediary or final products. They undergo hundreds of test
before they are sold in the market.
Materials exist in gas, solid, or liquid states. Packing them may pose a problem. Materials used
as containers are carefully chosen to ensure that no harmful reactions will take place between the
content and the container. The container must be free from outside contamination.
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What’s More (2)
Activity 2.3 Becoming a Better Consumer
Directions: Research or read on the different components or ingredients of the following
items. On the third column, decide whether it is safe, has good quality, or for a good price.
3 lollipop
4 deodorant
5 detergent
6 shampoo
Guide Questions:
1. Why is it important to know the components or ingredients of the items/products that we
use every day?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2. What harmful components have you find out from the items above? Explain.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
3. What other options do you have in mind if some of the products have harmful to use?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
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What I Have Learned
Post Assessment
Directions: Choose the best answer among the choices. Encircle the letter of your
answer.
1. What is matter?
A. building blocks to make up organisms C. molecules that makes up all things
B. anything that is measured and seen D. none of the above
2. Which is the most suitable separation method can be used to separate the mixture of
liquids in crude oil?
A. distillation C. chromatography
B. evaporation D. fractional distillation
3. Which is the most suitable separation method can be used to separate a mixture of
different colored ink?
A. chromatography C. evaporation
B. distillation D. filtration
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7. glass breaking is an example of..?
A. chemical property C. chemical change
B. physical property D. physical change
8. Tony Stark, a consumer with light colored hair, would like to buy shampoo but he saw that
it contains high amounts of sulfate. What should Tony do?
A. buy the shampoo C. find a sulfate free shampoo
B. test the shampoo D. find alternatives to shampoo
SUMMARY:
• Physical properties are properties not responsible for any change in the
composition of a substance, though its form may change.
• Chemical properties involve chemical change which forms two completely
different substances.
• Extensive property is that which changes when the amount of material
undergoes change. Examples of this property are mass, length, and volume.
• Intensive property does not depend on the size or amount of the substance.
Examples of this property are temperature, color, odor, hardness, density,
melting and boiling point, and molecular weight.
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REFERENCES:
1. Echija, Elena, Cecilia Bayquen, Rafeal Alfonso, and Elmarita De Vera.
2020. Frontliners in Science and Technology. Makati City: Diwa Scholastic
Press
2. Silberberg, Martin. 2016. General Chemistry 1&2. McGrawHill Education.
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