IELTS Writing Task 2 - Argument With Counter-Argument Structure
IELTS Writing Task 2 - Argument With Counter-Argument Structure
IELTS Writing Task 2 - Argument With Counter-Argument Structure
WRITING TASK 2: DEVELOPING AN ARGUMENT
Activity 6 > Analysing the question > 7 minutes
In part 2 of the IELTS writing test you may be asked to express your opinion about a controversial
issue or debate in other words, a subject for which people tend to have strongly opposing opinions.
Here’s an example:
Present a written argument or case to an educated reader with no special knowledge of the
following topic.
Relying on fossil fuels such as oil and coal for our energy needs is becoming increasingly
impractical. The rising cost and decreasing supply of these fuels, along with concerns
about the global warming they cause, means we must find an alternative. The only realistic
alternative is nuclear energy.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with
examples and relevant evidence.
As always, before you start writing, spend a few minutes thinking about what the question asks, and
what the best way to answer is. Read the example question above one more time, and then decide
whether the statements below are true or false.
1 The question asks whether or not fossil fuels are impractical. T/F
2 You should give a detailed description of how fossil fuels cause global warming. T/F
3 The question asks whether nuclear energy is a good alternative to fossil fuels. T/F
4 You should discuss the arguments for and against nuclear energy. T/F
5 You should discuss the arguments for and against fossil fuels. T/F
6 You should mention other alternative energy resources. T/F
7 You should give detailed historical accounts of nuclear disasters. T/F
8 You should only mention your opinions. T/F
9 You should express your opinions, but show awareness of others. T/F
10 You should include relevant facts that help to support your opinions. T/F
Activity 7 > Getting ideas > 5 minutes
The example question you saw in the previous activity invites you to express your opinion about
nuclear energy. One way to do this is to discuss arguments for and against this energy source.
a) Take a few minutes to jot down arguments for and against the use of nuclear power.
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b) Here are some ideas we thought of. Which of these points are for and which against? Write F
(for) or A (against) next to each point.
All waste is contained instead of going directly into the atmosphere.
The mining of uranium causes environmental damage.
Modern nuclear power stations are designed with many safety features.
There is always a danger that human error or negligence could cause an accident.
Nations that have no oil and gas reserves can produce their own energy independently.
Nuclear power stations could be targeted by terrorists.
Nuclear power is a much more economical way to produce energy.
Safely disposing of radioactive waste is expensive.
There are other alternatives to fossil fuels, such as wind and solar power, which pose fewer risks.
Nuclear power offers an almost limitless supply of energy.
Nuclear power stations are safer places for people to work than coalfired power stations.
There is the danger of a huge environmental disaster.
Nuclear power stations do not produce greenhouse gases.
Radioactive waste poses a danger for centuries.
.
Activity 8 > Organising a balanced discussion > 10 minutes
One way to organise a balanced discussion is simply to divide the arguments for and the arguments
against into two separate central paragraphs. You would need to connect ideas using words and
expressions such as those you learned in Lessons 1 and 2.
a) Connect the ideas in the example paragraph below with words from the box.
As a result Finally First of all Furthermore Instead Secondly
What are the factors in favour of nuclear power as an energy source? [1]…………., it is an
economical source of energy. The power generated by nuclear power stations costs much less to
produce than from coal or oil fired stations. [2]…………., unlike traditional power stations, nuclear
power plants do not pollute the atmosphere with their waste. [3]…………., the waste is stored in safe
containers deep underground. [4]…………., a move to nuclear power will reduce greenhouses gases
that are responsible for global warming in the atmosphere. [5]…………., statistics show that power
stations are actually safer places for people to work than coalfired power stations. [6]………….,
nuclear power can potentially supply all our energy needs for many centuries to come.
However, another effective way to organise your discussion is to match argument with counter
argument in the same paragraph. This can often be a more persuasive way to present your views.
You demonstrate awareness of others’ opinions, but at the same time you show why these are
mistaken. Again, connecting words and phrases help to hold the paragraph together.
b) Connect the ideas in the example paragraph below with words from the box.
The claims made by those in favour of nuclear power do not stand up to close examination. It is often
said, [1]…………., that nuclear power does not damage the environment. [2]…………. it is true that
greenhouse gases are not produced, mining for uranium causes real damage to the environment.
[3]…………., many reactors use rivers for cooling. This raises temperatures in the river water,
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[4]…………. harm to life in and around those rivers. It is also argued that the technology of modern
reactors makes accidents almost impossible. [5]…………. these claims, accidents have happened
most famously at Chernobyl. No amount of technology can prevent human error, carelessness or
laziness. All of these can cause deadly accidents. [6]…………., nuclear power plants could become
the target of terrorist attacks. Technology could do very little to prevent such an attack, and the
consequences are unthinkable.
Activity 9 > Developing a more formal style > 10 minutes
Notice that in the example paragraph above, which contrasts argument with counterargument, the
writer uses the passive to introduce ideas:
It is often said….
It is also argued that…
This is one way to give your writing a more formal style.
a) Rewrite each of these sentences by putting the main verb in the passive.
1 People say that wind power turbines are completely harmless.
It is said that wind power turbines are completely harmless.
2 There are people who argue that solar power will never replace fossil fuels.
________________________________________________
3 Experts predict that very soon China will be the world’s leading economic and political power.
_______________________________________________
4 Many people regard the Internet as a great force for democracy and freedom of speech.
_______________________________________________
5 Researchers hope that they will soon find a vaccine for avian flu.
_______________________________________________
6 Everyone knows that heart disease is the highest cause of death.
_______________________________________________
There are a number of other ways to make your writing more formal in style. As a general rule,
remember that formal writing is different from spoken language, and your composition shouldn’t
sound too chatty. Here a number of things you should avoid.
b) Match the rules on the left with the examples on the right.
1 Do not use contractions a Of course, we all know what big naturelovers car manufactures are.
2 Avoid using phrasal verbs b Nobody wants war, do they?
3 Avoid using idioms c It isn’t only the government who are to blame.
4 Do not use tag questions d If you ask me, what we should do is…
5 Do not use irony or sarcasm e If we keep on like this, we will have used up all our resources.
6 Avoid conversational style f There are loads and loads of reasons why this will not work
7 Avoid exaggeration g That idea is just a pipe dream.
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