Saint Vincent’s College Incorporated

Padre Ramon Street, Estaka, Dipolog City

Zamboanga Del Norte

Physical Education 2
Rhythmic Activities/Dances
(Module 1)

Student’s Name:
Class Schedule:
COURSE DESCRIPTION

Physical Education 2 is a 2-unit subject that mainly deals with rhythmic activities. It is a
course designed to accustom the students to various rhythmic movements. The students will
develop the knowledge, skills and attitude in performing and applying a range of rhythmic
movements.

GENERAL OBJECTIVES

To develop coordination, control, strength, agility, flexibility, relaxation, and

freedom of movement. To learn to use the body as a whole. To develop a vigorous vital type
of body movement. To develop an organic response to rhythm. It also provides the students to
develop their body awareness and see dance as a recreational activity that develops
confidence and social skills.

Preliminary Topics and Activities

At the end of Prelim, the students will be able to:

 Define the meaning of dance;

 Determine the objectives of dance;
 Identify the various forms of dance; and
 Classify the different types of Philippine Folk Dances.

WHAT IS DANCE?

Art and religion were the most serious concerns of primitive civilizations. Although at
the time, their primary concern was only to survive. Unaware of the artistic aspect, they made
use of hunting and fishing as their way of life. As regards to religion, they believed that
supernatural beings govern their fate. So, to express their feelings, they created rhythmic
movements by stamping, shaking their bodies, chanting and other bodily expressions with the
use of natural accompaniment. They employed wood, bamboo, dried leaves, and other things
to accompany their rhythmic movements which developed into dance by generally
perpetuating the movement and passing the tradition to the next generation. The connected
factors of rhythm created the dance and later developed into high quality movement and
became part of an established art form up to this time.
The words "dance" and "dancing" come from an old German word "danson," which
means "to stretch." All dancing is made up of stretching and relaxing. The muscles are tensed
for leaping and then relaxed as we make what we hope will be a gentle and graceful landing.
Dance is a performing art form consisting of sequences of movement, either improvised or
purposefully selected. This movement has aesthetic and often symbolic value. Dance can be
categorized and described by its choreography, by its repertoire of movements, or by
its historical period or place of origin.

OBJECTIVES OF DANCE

Physical Development Objectives

1. It improves cardiovascular health.

Dance is a whole body activity and that whatever dance form you are performing, expect that
your heart rate will be challenged since all forms of dance can be good cardio workouts.
2. It can improve your balance and strength.

Dance, unlike any other exercises, does not focus on a specific part of the body. It tones and
conditions all muscles, meaning no muscle is left behind. By toning the muscles, the body
develops strength in arms, legs and abdominal region. Balance is also developed since most
dances are performed with rotational movements that improves equilibrium.

3. Gentle on your body.

Dance is a physical workout that the performer takes charge of his own pace and movements
generated. Ballroom for example is not a rigorous dance form which can be perfect for people
with limited mobility or with chronic illness.

Mental Development Objectives

1. Dance boosts cognitive performance.

Research shows that as you age, your mental alertness deteriorates. To avoid this, dance can
be utilized as a tool to improve and sharpen your memory and skills.

2. It challenges your brain.

The brain power you need to access for dance, specifically, requires you to focus on both the
constant changing of movement and recalling moves and patterns. This is an excellent form of
mental exercise for your mind, regardless of your age.

Emotional and Social Objectives

1. It promotes an inclusive environment.

One of the greatest things about dance is that anyone can participate. If you’re able to move,
even if it’s only your upper body, you can dance. This equalizer is what makes dance so
popular with people who typically shy away from other forms of exercise.

2. It improves interpersonal relationships.

While you may prefer to bust a move when no one is watching, there’s something incredible
about dancing with others. Whether you join a ballroom or belly dancing class or dance with
friends, being around other people while dancing is good for your social and emotional
health.

3. Helps to boost your mood.

Movement and dance are extremely expressive, which can allow you to escape and let loose.
It’s this “letting loose” that helps improve your mental and emotional health by reducing
stress, decreasing the symptoms of anxiety and depression, and boosting your self-esteem.

Dance is an art form, a physical exercise and a recreational activity. Not everyone can be
called dancers but certainly, anyone can dance. Everyone can enjoy and reap its many
benefits and that it can be a great form of workout suitable for all regardless of gender, age,
religion and nationality.
DANCE FORMS

1. Classical Dance - are dances with standardized rules and restrictions. It can be religious-
related dance or for court and royal entertainment.

Search on Youtube: Shiva Shambho: Most Watched Bharatanatyam Dance | Best of Indian
Classical Dance
2. Classical Ballet - a dance of supreme standards learned from the academe. This originated
in Italy and flourished in the royal court of France.

Search on YouTube: Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy from The Nutcracker (The Royal
Ballet)
3. Modern Dance - a deviation from the principles of classical ballet developed by Isadora
Duncan. Mainly characterized by natural and true expression of the human soul.
Search on YouTube: Turn to Stone by Melanie and Marko (SYTYCD)
4. Contemporary Dance -C

Search on YouTube: So You Think You Can Dance - Melanie and Neil - Contemporary
5. Folk Dance - a cultural art form handed down from generation to generation. It
communicates the customs, beliefs, rituals and occupation of a region or country.

Search on YouTube: Irish Dance “Walking on Stones”

6. Ethnic and Tribal Dance - a dance particularly found in a group of people living together
in a locality with common beliefs and customs.

Search on YouTube: Banga Salidsid of the Igorots

7. Recreational Dance - includes dance mixers, square dancing and round and couple dances.

Search on YouTube: Zumba

8. Social and Ballroom Dances - a dance set in the social gathering and participants usually
wear formal attire for purposes of recreation and entertainment.
Search on YouTube: 2018 Viennese Waltz

9. Creative Dance - the highest form of dance for the purpose of entertainment.

Search on YouTube: Boogie Shoes by Lauren and Billy (SYTYCD)

10. Popular Dance - highly recognized as a dance form in television and other dance centers.

Search on YouTube: Gangnam Style by PSY

CLASSIFICATION OF PHILIPPINE FOLK DANCES

1. Occupational Dances - depicting action of certain occupation, industry, or human labor.

Example: Mananagat Dance of the Cebuanos

that depicts the fishing industry of Cebu. As
men holds their paddles, the ladies scoops out
the water out of the bangka.

2. Religious and Ceremonial Dances - performed in connection with religious vows and
ceremonies.

Example: Subli is a Catholic devotional practice

(often described as a "prayer") honouring the
Holy Cross of Alitagtag (Tagalog: Mahál na
Poóng Santa Krus).
3. Comic Dances - depicting funny movements for entertainment.

Example: Kinoton is a comic dance from

Ilocos Sur that depicts the movement of a
person bitten by ants.

4. Game Dance - done with play elements.

Example: Kadang-kadang is a festive dance

performed by men on bamboo slilts.

5. Courtship Dances - depicting affection and love.

Example: Cariñosa is a dance of colonial-era

origin from the Maria Clara suite of Philippine
folk dances, where the fan or handkerchief
plays an instrumental role as it places the
couple in romance scenario.

6. Wedding Dances - performed during wedding feasts.

Example: Habanera Botoleña is a common

Wedding dance that performers act as if they
are the bride and groom with their bride’s maids
and groom’s men.
7. Festival Dance - suitable for special occasions or any social gathering.

Example: Singkil is a dance of the Maranao

Tribe of Mindanao that is commonly
performed during large gatherings like a
wedding of a Datu.

8. War Dance - showing imaginary combat or duel.

Example: Sagayan is a war dance usually

performed by both the Maguindanao and
Maranao depicting the adventures of Prince
Bantugan.

The world is filled with rich cultures and traditions that are often observed by the dances
present in countries, regions, cities and provinces. The Philippines, with such diversity with
its numerous local traditions, offers a variety of dances that represents everyday life from the
older generation passed down to the new.
Dance is a perfect combination of emotion and rhythm. The marriage of movement and
raw feelings is what makes dance an art form loved by many.

QUIZ I
Directions: Identify the correct term that is asked in the questions. Write your answer
on the space provided. (2points each)

1. Who developed the Modern Dance as a deviation of classical ballet?

2. What were the two primary concerns of the primitive civilizations?
3. What German word was the origin of the word “dance” which basically means “to
stretch”?
4. What European country did Classical Ballet flourished?
5. What prop is usually used by the lead female and the other female dancers in Singkil?
6. Where did Classical Ballet originated?
7. What classification of Philippine Folk Dance is performed showing an imaginary combat
or duel?
8. Where did the comic dance “Kinoton” originated from?
9. What dance form has strict implementations and rules to follow as it is usually performed
in court or in royal gatherings?
10. Which part of the Philippines did “Singkil” came from?
11. What dance form is usually performed by a group of people wearing formal clothing for
the sake of entertainment and recreation?
12. Is Caniñosa be danced by male dancers only?
13. What prop is used when performing the “Kadang-kadang”?
14. What is the primary role of male dancers in “Mananagat”?
15. What is honored when performing the “subli”?
16. What were the 3 primitive tools that was used by the man of before to accompany their
rhythmic movements?
17. By whose adventures is depicted in the Maguindanaoan war dance, Sagayan?
18. What props are usually utilized by the lead male dancer of Singkil?
19. What dance form is passed down from generation to generation?
20. Can male dancers perform classical ballet?
21. What prop plays an instrumental role in performing the Cariñosa?
22. What classification of Philippine Folk Dance does Habanera Botoleña belongs?
23. What dance form does Tinikling belongs?
24. What is the highest form of dance for the purpose of entertainment?
25. What dance form is a combination of the principles of Classical ballet with a modern
dance twist?

QUIZ II
Directions: Answer each question below. Explain them briefly. (5 points each)

1. Is Hip Hop considered a Popular Dance or a Creative Dance?

2. Do you dance? If yes, then what positive impacts does it have to you? If not, then what
keeps you from dancing?

3. Do you believe that dance is present when words are absent?

4. What does Dance Art provide that sets it apart from other Art forms?

ACTIVITY I
Direction: Research any folk dance in the Philippines and fill in the chart below.

Name of Philippine Folk Dance:

Place of Origin:
Classification:

Cultural Relevance:

MIDTERM TOPICS AND ACTIVITIES

At the end of Midterm, the students will be able to:

 Identify the different locomotor and non locomotor movements;

 Determine the various dance terminologies;
 Perform the Fundamental Positions of Arms and Feet; and
 Execute the different dance terms.

LOCOMOTOR AND NON LOCOMOTOR MOVEMENTS

Locomotor Movements are movements that incorporate travelling from one space to
another. While Non Locomotor Movements are movements that does not make the person
travel. He uses his limbs or body parts to move and stays where he stands.

Locomotor Movements Non Locomotor Movements

Walk and Step Bend
Run Stretch
 Jump Flex
Hop Extending
Skip Lifting
Leap Raising
Gallop Twisting
Slide Turning
Rotating
Swinging
Swaying
Shaking
Wiggling
Pulling
Pushing

FUNDAMENTAL POSITIONS OF ARMS AND FEET

There are 5 fundamental positions of the arms and feet in dance. These positions apply to
all forms of dances although they are widely used in the teaching of folk, ballet and modern
dance.

Important things to remember in performing the fundamental positions of arms and feet are:

 The weight of the body should be on both feet before the start of the fundamental
exercises;
 The upper body is kept erect with the back maintaining the normal curve. The head is
held high with the chin up;
 The arms should move from the shoulders and not from the elbows;
 Relax every limb of the body; and
 Focus on the steps.

FUNDAMENTAL POSITIONS IN DANCE

NAME ARMS FEET

Both are raised forward in a Heels close together and toes
circle in front of the chest are apart with an angle of
with a finger tips about an about 45 degrees.
inch apart.
Weight is on both feet.
1ST Position Palms face down and back of
the hands facing the audience In a classical ballet positions,
the toes are turned outward to
Wrists are slightly below the form an unbroken horizontal
level of the elbows. line.

Hands at a level between the

chest and waist.
 NAME ARMS FEET
Both are raised sideward Step both feet sideward about
with hands at shoulder level. a pace or 1 foot apart with
toes slightly turned outward.
Palms facing upward or
2nd Position facing the audience. Weight on both feet.

Elbows are about the level of

the chest.

NAME ARMS FEET

One arm is raised sideward Heel of one foot is close to
while the other is raised the instep of the other foot.
3rd Positions upward with palms facing
inward. Weight on both feet.

NAME ARMS FEET

One arm is raised forward as One foot is in front of the
in 1st position while the other other a pace distance:
is raised upward with the
palm facing inward. Open Fourth: the heels in
direct vertical line.
4th Position Close Fourth: the heel of the
front foot is in direct vertical
line with the toes of the foot
in rear (toes slightly turned
outward)

Weight is on both feet.

 NAME ARMS FEET
Both arms are raised upward Heel of front foot close to the
with palms facing each other. big toe of rear foot with toes
5th Position of both turned outward.

Weight on both feet.

DANCE TERMS

• Abracete – Girl at the right side, holds Right arm of partner with her Left hand, free hands
down at the sides. This terms is of Spanish and is used in Rigodon and in other dances.

• Arms in Lateral Position – both arms are at one side, either sideward right or left. This
may be done at shoulder chest or waist level.
• Arms in Reverse “T” position – Arms are side horizontal, elbows bent at right angles,
forearms parallel to head, palms forward or facing inward, fists loosely closed.

• Bilao – To turn hands up and down alternately, hands at waist level in front, elbows close to
waist.

• Brush – Weight on one foot, hit the floor with the ball or heel of the other foot (the free
foot) after which that foot is lifted from the floor to any direction.

• Cabeceras – When dancers are in square formation, the couples occupying the width of the
hall are called “cabeceras” or head couples. This is of Spanish origin.
• Clockwise – Like the motion of the hands of the clock. Right shoulder is toward the center
of an imaginary circle. When facing center, the movement is toward the left.
• Counterclockwise – The reverse direction of clockwise. Left shoulder is toward the center
of an imaginary circle. When facing center, the movement is toward the right.
• Costados – When Dancers are in square formation, the couples occupying the length of the
hall are called “costados” or side pairs. This is of Spanish origin.
• Crossed arms – Partners are facing each other or standing side by side, girl at the right of
boy. They join their Left hands together and their Right hands together either Right over Left
or Left over Right hands.

• Cross- Over – Two couples (the vis-à-vis) are opposite each other. Each couple proceeds in
a straight line to the opposite place. The girl pass by their Left shoulders between the boy.
Boys bow to each other when they meet at the middle or at about one-third of the way, then
proceed to the opposite place. Upon reaching the opposite place, partners turn about, girls
stand at partners’ right side.
• Cut – To displace quickly one foot with the other, thus completely taking off the weight of
the body from the displaced foot.
• Do-Si-Do(“Dos-a-Dos”) – The vis-à-vis (opposite) both advance forward, pass each other’s
right (or left) side, step across to the right (or left), move backward without turning around
pass each other’s left (or right) side to proper places. This is of foreign origin and is used in
many Philippine dances.
• Draw – To pull one foot along the floor close to the other which has the weight of the body
The weight may or may not be transferred.
• Free Foot – The foot no bearing the weight of the body.
• Free Hand – The hand not place anywhere or not doing anything.
• Hand on Waist – Place hands at the waist line (at the smallest part of the trunk), knuckles
in, fingers pointing in rear.

• Hapay – To flourish or offer a handkerchief, hat or glass of wine to somebody as a sign of

invitation.

• Hayon –Hayon – To place one forearm in front and the other at the back of the waist. This
is a Visayan term.

• Hop – A spring from one foot landing on the same foot in place or any direction (in front, in
rear, sideward or across).

• Inside Foot - The foot nearest one’s partner, when partners stand side by side.
• Inside Hand – The hand nearest one’s partner, when partners stand side by side.
• Jaleo – Partners turn once around clockwise (with right elbows almost touching) or counter
clockwise with left elbows almost touching) using walking or any kind of dance step. The
hands near each other are on waists. This is a tagalong term but is of Spanish origin.
• Jump – Spring on one foot or both feet, landing on both in any direction.
• Kumintang – Moving the hand from the wrist either in a clockwise or counterclockwise
direction. This is an Ilocano term.
• Leap – A spring from one foot landing on the other foot in any direction(forward, sideward,
backward or oblique)
• Masiwak – To turn the hand from the wrist half-way clockwise then raise and lower wrist
once or twice. This is an Ibanag term.
• Outside Foot – The foot away one’s partner, when partners stand side by side.
• Outside Hand – The hand away from one’s partner, when partners stand side by side.
• Place – To put the foot in a certain or desired position without putting weight on it. The sole
of the foot rests flat on the floor.
• Point – Touch lightly with the toes of one foot, weight of the body on the other.
• Saludo –partner bow to each other, to the audience, opposite dancers, or to the neighbor.

• Sarok – Cross the Right (or left) foot in front of the Left (or right), bend the body slightly
forward and cross the hands down in front with the Right (Left) hand over the Left(Right).

• Set – A dance formation like a quadrille or a unit composed of two or more pairs.
• Stamp – To bring down the foot forcibly and noisily on the floor (like doing heavy steps).
• Star with the Right Hand – Four or more people advance to the center and join Right
hands and circle around clockwise using walking or change or any other step.
• Star with the left hand – same as “Star with the Right hand” only join Left hands and
counterclockwise.
• Step – To advance or recede by raising and moving one foot to another resting place. There
is a complete transfer of weight from one foot to the other.
• Tap – To tap lightly with the ball or tip of the toe, placing weight of the body on the foot.
There is no change or transfer of weight here.

Philippine Folk Dance. (n.d.). Dance terms. Retrieved from

http://dancesfromthephilippines.blogspot.com/p/dance-terms.html

For further references, please do visit this YouTube Videos https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=mXBTfS3Papw&t=57s https://youtu.be/oTuoICsmdH0 in accordance to common Philippine Folk Dance
Terms. Visit also this YouTube Video https://youtu.be/jkAUYA8hUPU for references in the Fundamental
Positions of Arms and Feet.

QUIZ III
Directions: Match Column A to Column B to Column C. (3 points each)

Column A Column B Column C

1. I. A. 5th Position
B. 4th Position
C. 3rd Position
D. 2nd Position
E. 1ST Position

2. II.

3. III.

4. IV.

5.

V.

ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS FOR PRELIM AND MIDTERM

Directions: Answer each question below. (5 points each)

1. What makes Philippine Folk Dances relevant to this day? Explain briefly.
2. What for you are the quality/s of a good dancer?

3. Do you think that dance is good for you?

PERFORMANCE TASKS
FOR PRELIM

Record yourself performing the FUNDAMENTAL POSITIONS OF ARMS AND FEET.

You can do it with a partner or as a group together with your classmates or schoolmates
as long as social distancing and safety protocol is strictly followed.

FOR MIDTERM

Demonstrate AT LEAST 15 OF THE DIFFERENT DANCE TERMS IN PHILIPPINE

FOLK DANCE. You can do it with a partner or as a group together with your
classmates or schoolmates as long as social distancing and safety protocol is strictly
followed.

If performed as a group, you will be graded AS A GROUP.

Submission of Performance Tasks will take place on the class’ Group Chat on
Messenger. Deduction of points will be done if instructions are not followed.

The instructor will announce the deadline for the submission of the quizzes and the
performance tasks through the class’ Group Chat on Messenger.

“Always put your best foot forward. If it doesn’t work,

Try the other foot!”
- Sir Ivo -