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Mathematics 10
Quarter 2 – Module 4:
Proving Theorems Related to Chords, Arcs,
Central Angles and Inscribed Angles
Mathematics – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 4: Proving Theorems Related to Chords, Arcs, Central Angles and
Inscribed Angles
First Edition, 2020

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written for the learners. After going
through this module, the learner is expected to:
1. prove theorems related to chords, arcs, central angles, and inscribed
angles(M10GE-IIc-d-1), and
2. identify congruent arcs, chords and angles in a circle using the different
theorems.

What I Know

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the letter of
the answer on your answer sheet.

Given: circle G
̅̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐶𝐷
𝐶𝑀 ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝑆 is a diameter

1. Which of the following has the same measure as CGD?

a. CDG b. CMG c. MGC d. MSG

2. Which of the following statements is true?

a. arc DCM is a semicircle
b. arc CM ≅ arc CD
c. CDG is a right angle
d. MSC ≅ MGC

3. Which congruence statement is NOT true?

a. MSC ≅ CSD c. ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑀 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐷
b. arc CMS ≅ arc CDS d. CDS ≅ CSD

4. What is true about ̅̅̅̅

𝐶𝑆 and ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝐷 ?
a. They are congruent. c. They are perpendicular.
b. They bisect each other. d. They are both diameter.

5. Which of the following angles is a right angle?

a. CDS b. CDG c. CMG d. CGD

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 Lesson Theorems Related to Arcs,

1 Chords, Central Angles and

Inscribed Angles
In the previous module, you have learned the relationships between
arcs, chords and angles in a circle. Aside from these relationships, there are
different theorems related to arcs, chords and angles in a circle which is very
interesting to explore.

What’s In

In Circle A illustrated below, mLAM= 42, mHAG=30, and KAH is a

right angle. Find the measure of the following arcs and angles.

1. mLAK = __________
2. mJAK = __________
3. mLAJ = __________
4. minor arc LK = ___________
5. arc LMG = __________

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 What’s New

When you go to a theater to watch a

movie, you want to be close enough to the
screen but you do not want to move your eyes
too much to see the edges of the screen. If E
and G are the edges of the screen and you are
at F, mEFG is called your viewing angle.

You decide that the middle of the sixth

row has the best viewing angle for you but
someone is already sitting in that seat. Where
else can you seat to have the same viewing
angle?

In this situation, theorems regarding arcs, angles as well as chords of

a circle will greatly help you in finding the solution.

There are different theorems related to arcs, angles and chords of a circle.
Let us look into some of these theorems.

Before we explore these theorems, we need to be familiarized with the

concept of congruent circles and congruent arcs;

Congruent circles are circles with congruent radii.

In the figure, ̅̅̅̅̅

𝐴𝑀 is congruent to ̅̅̅̅
𝑇𝐻. ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑀 and ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑇𝐻 are
the radii of circle A and circle T, respectively. The two
circles are said to be congruent.

Congruent arcs are arcs of the same circle or of

congruent circles with equal measures.

If arc ME measures 55o and arc LC also measures 55o, therefore they are
congruent.

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 What is It

Let us now look into the different theorems related to arcs, chords and
angles of a circle!

Theorem 1
In a circle or in congruent circles, two minor arcs are congruent if and only
if their corresponding central angles are congruent.

Based on the figures, the central angles

intercepting arc ST, arc NO and arc BG
measures 50o.
Therefore;

arc ST = 50o, arc NO = 50o, arc BG = 50o

arc ST ≅ arc NO ≅ arc BG

Theorem 2
In a circle or in congruent circles, two minor arcs are congruent if and only
if their corresponding chords are congruent.
In the figure at the right,

chord AB ≅ chord CH ≅ chord EO

therefore, arc AB ≅ arc CH ≅ arc EO.

The proof of this theorem makes use of the

concept of congruent triangles. 𝛥𝐴𝑇𝐵, 𝛥𝐶𝑇𝐻 and 𝛥𝐸𝑁𝑂
are congruent triangles by SSS Congruence Postulate
making ATB, CTH and ENO also congruent.

ATB, CTH and ENO intercept arc AB, arc CH and arc EO, respectively.
Using the relation between central angle and intercepted arc,
arc AB ≅ arc CH ≅ arc EO.

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Theorem 3
In a circle, a diameter bisects a chord and an arc with the same endpoints
if and only if it is perpendicular to the chord.

The figure at the left shows ̅̅̅̅

𝐸𝑆 is a diameter of
circle U. Since it is perpendicular to chord GN,
based on the theorem ̅̅̅̅ 𝐸𝑆 bisects chord GN and
arc GEN which means;

̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑁𝐼
𝐺𝐼 ̅̅̅̅ and arc GE ≅ arc NE .

If we want to prove this theorem, we will

make use again of the concept of congruent
triangles. 𝛥𝐺𝑈𝐼 is congruent to 𝛥𝑁𝑈𝐼 by HL
Congruence Theorem.

If 𝛥𝐺𝑈𝐼 and 𝛥𝑁𝑈𝐼 are congruent, ̅̅̅ 𝐺𝐼 ≅ 𝑁𝐼̅̅̅̅ and GUI ≅ NUI since
corresponding parts of congruent triangle are congruent (CPCTC).

GUI and GUE are the same angle just like NUI and NUE are also the
same angle. GUE ≅ NUE, by theorem 1 arc GE ≅ arc NE.

Theorem 4
If two inscribed angles of a circle (or congruent circles) intercept congruent
arcs or the same arc, then the angles are congruent.

In circle T, IPL and IOL

are inscribed angles intercepting
arc IL. Since they are intercepting
the same arc, their measures are
the same, making them D
congruent.

In circle D, SIM and PLE

are also inscribed angles. Given that
arc SM is congruent to arc EP, SIM ≅ PLE.

Theorem 5
If an inscribed angle of a circle intercepts a semicircle, then the angle is
a right angle.

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 In circle O, inscribed angle NTE intercepts arc NSE
which is a semicircle. The measure of a semicircle is
180o and the measure of the intercepted arc as you have
learned from the previous module is half of the measure
of its intercepted arc. Therefore, NTE measures 90o
and is a right angle.

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 What’s More

Enrichment Activity 1

̅ and ̅̅̅̅
In circle S, 𝐽𝐼 𝑁𝑂 are diameters, arc JO ≅ arc NI and arc JN ≅ arc
OI. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is
incorrect. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

______ 1. JSO ≅ NSI

______ 2. JNI is a right angle

______ 3. JSN ≅ NSI

̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑁𝐼
______ 4. 𝐽𝑂 ̅̅̅̅

______ 5. JNO ≅ JOI

Enrichment Activity 2
̅̅̅̅ is perpendicular to 𝐴𝑃
In circle M, 𝑀𝐿 ̅̅̅̅ and
̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝐵 is perpendicular to 𝐶𝑆. Fill in each blank
with the correct segment, arcs or angles to
make the statements correct.

1. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐾 ≅ ______

2. arc CB ≅ _______

3. arc PL ≅ _______

̅̅̅̅ ≅ _______
4. 𝐶𝐷

5. AML ≅ _______

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Enrichment Activity 3

̅̅̅̅ and 𝑀𝐸
In circle B, 𝐴𝑇 ̅̅̅̅̅ are diameters,
arc ET is congruent to arc AM.

1. Name a pair of congruent chords

2. Name a pair of congruent central angles

3. Name a pair of congruent inscribed angles

4. Name another pair of congruent arcs

5. Name two right angles.

What I Have Learned

This module focuses on the different theorems related to arcs, chords,

central angles and inscribed angles which are very useful in dealing with
circles. These theorems are;

Theorem 1
In a circle or in congruent circles, two minor arcs are congruent if and only
if their corresponding central angles are congruent.

Theorem 2
In a circle or in congruent circles, two minor arcs are congruent if and only
if their corresponding chords are congruent.
Theorem 3
In a circle, a diameter bisects a chord and an arc with the same endpoints
if and only if it is perpendicular to the chord.

Theorem 4
If two inscribed angles of a circle (or congruent circles) intercept
congruent arcs or the same arc, then the angles are congruent.

Theorem 5
If an inscribed angle of a circle intercepts a semicircle, then the angle is
a right angle.

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 What I Can Do

The chairs of a movie house are arranged consecutively like an arc of a

circle. Joanna, Clarissa, and Juliana entered the movie house but seated
away from each other as shown below.

Let E and G be the ends of the screen and F be one of the seats. The
angle formed by E, F, and G or EFG is called the viewing angle of the person
seated at F. Suppose the viewing angle of Clarissa in the above figure
measures 38°. What are the measures of the viewing angles of Joanna and
Juliana? Explain your answer.

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 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the letter of
the answer on your answer sheet.

Given: circle N
̅̅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐿 𝐴𝐸
̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐿 and ̅̅̅̅𝐶𝐸 are diameters

1. Which of the following has the same measure as CNL?

a. ANE b. CAE c. ANC d. ENL

2. Which of the following statements is true?

a. ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝑆 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐿
b. arc CL ≅ arc CA
c. DCA is a right angle
d. ACE ≅ CAL

3. Which congruence statement is NOT true?

a. CAE ≅ ACL c. arc DL ≅ arc CL
b. arc CAE ≅ arc CDE d. ACE ≅ ANE

4. What is true about ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ ?

𝐶𝑆 and 𝑆𝐷
a. They are congruent. c. They are perpendicular.
b. They bisect each other. d. They are both diameter.

5. Which of the following angles is a right angle?

a. CEA b. CLN c. CAE d. CNA

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What I Know What's More What I Can Do
1. C Activity 1 Joanna and Juliana have a
2. B viewing angle of 38o also
3. D 1. True same as Clarissa. If you draw
4. C 2. True a circle containing their seats
5. A 3. False and the edge of the screen,
4. True the viewing angles of the
5. False three girls are inscribed
angles intercepting the same
Activity 2 arc therefore they are
congruent.
1. 𝑃𝐾 ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ or 𝐾𝑃
2. arc SB or arc BS Assessment
3. arc LA or arc AL
̅̅̅̅ 1. A
4. 𝐷𝑆
̅̅̅̅ or 𝑆𝐷
2. D
5. PML or LMP
3. D
4. A
Activity 3 5. C
1. 𝐸𝑇
̅̅̅̅ and 𝐴𝑀
̅̅̅̅̅ ,
𝑇𝑀 ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅̅ and 𝐸𝐴
2. TBE and ABM
TBM and ABE
3. EMT and EAT
MTA and MEA
ETM and EAM
4. arc TM and arc EA
5. TMA and TEA
Answer Key
References

Book:
Marasigan, Jose , Bautista, Evangeline, Cabral, Emmanuel, Garces,
Ian June, Sarmiento, Jumela and Tuprio, Elvira. 2007. XP
Geometry. Quezon City: Vibal Publishing House Inc.

Callanta, Melvin M. et. al. 2015. Mathematics - Grade 10 Learner’s

Module. Philippines: Rex Book Store Inc.
Website:

“Circles: Lesson 1 and2”.

http://www.foresthillshs.org/ourpages/auto/2013/4/3/50444197/Lesson
%201%20and%202%20Circles%20and%20angles.docx. November 7, 2020

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