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Introduction To Information and Communication Technologies CS-101

This document provides an overview of the evolution of computers from the 1st to 5th generations. It discusses key inventions and scientists that advanced computing technology over time, including the development of transistors, integrated chips, microprocessors, and parallel/distributed systems. The document also notes how programming languages and software evolved alongside hardware to make computers more powerful, accessible and useful for solving problems and improving human life.

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Ap Dhillon
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60 views18 pages

Introduction To Information and Communication Technologies CS-101

This document provides an overview of the evolution of computers from the 1st to 5th generations. It discusses key inventions and scientists that advanced computing technology over time, including the development of transistors, integrated chips, microprocessors, and parallel/distributed systems. The document also notes how programming languages and software evolved alongside hardware to make computers more powerful, accessible and useful for solving problems and improving human life.

Uploaded by

Ap Dhillon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Information and

Communication Technologies
CS-101

Lecture # 01
Lecturer: Tauqeer Anjum
Lecture Credits: Muhammad Abdullah Azhar
What is Computer Science
•A scientific and engineering discipline that investigates all
aspects of computing with computing machines.

•Computing is about
• problem solving, and
• applying computing technologies to improve human existence
CS & Mathematics
•CS shares much with mathematics because:
• Mathematics also studies a world of logic (logic of numbers).
Evolution of the Computer
Evolution of the Computer
• “Computer generation” is a term related to the evolution
and adaptation of technology and computing.

•reducing the size of processors


•Increasing capacity and speed
Evolution of the Computer
•First Generation
•Second Generation
•Third Generation
•Fourth Generation
•Fifth Generation
First Generation of Modern Computers
(1941-1955)
Date Scientist Country Name Programmable Binary Electronic

May 1941 Conrad Zuse Germany Z3 Punched film Yes No

Summer 1941 John Atanasoff Germany/USA ABC No Yes Yes

1943 Tommy Flowers UK Colossus By rewiring Yes Yes

1944 Howard USA Harvard Mark I Punched paper tape No Yes


Aiken/IBM
1944 Mauchly & Eckert USA ENIAC By rewiring No Yes
Zuse Z3 in Deutschen Museum in München
Atanasoff–Berry Computer replica at 1st
floor of Durham Center, Iowa State
University
Colossus
Harvard Mark I
ENIAC
Second-Generation Computers (1956-1963)

•Transistor (1947) replaced vacuum tubes


• Smaller and less power hungry
• larger computers could be built
•Stored-program + Machine Language replaced hard wiring
Vacuum Tube & Transistor
Third Generation Computers (1964-1971)

• Integrated Chips
• (Many transistors on the integrated on the same chip)
• Lower Power requirement
• Faster Computers
• Software
• Development of high level programming language
• Easier to program computers
• Machines of this era started making inroads to the
business enterprises
• Millions of operations per second
Fourth Generation Computers
(1971-1995)
•Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) Chips
•Microprocessor
• Lower Cost
• Introduction of Personal Computers
•Software
• Application software, Word processors, gaming etc.
• AI
•Embedded Systems and Robots
•Hundred million of operations per second or more
Fifth Generation Computers
(1995-present)
•Parallel, Grid / Distributed Computing
•Mobile Computing
•Internet/World Wide Web
•Artificial Intelligence
•Software
• Distributed Object Technologies
• Middleware
• Applications are constructed in layers or tiers
• Maybe distributed along network
Future Trends

• Grid Computing Systems


• Enhancement in Personal/Mobile computing power
• Quantum Computing
• Using sub-atomic particles to store and manipulate data

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