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IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308

USE OF FLAT SLABS IN MULTI-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING

SITUATED IN HIGH SEISMIC ZONE
Navyashree K1, Sahana T.S2
1
Post graduation Student, Dept.of civil engineering, SSIT, Tumkur, Karnataka, India
2
Asst. professor, Dept.of civil engineering, SSIT, Tumkur, Karnataka, India

Abstract
In present era, conventional RC Frame buildings are commonly used for the construction. The use of flat slab building provides
many advantages over conventional RC Frame building in terms of architectural flexibility, use of space, easier formwork and
shorter construction time. The structural efficiency of the flat-slab construction is hindered by its poor performance under
earthquake loading. In the present work six number of conventional RC frame and Flat Slab buildings of G+3, G+8, and G+12
storey building models are considered. The performance of flat slab and the vulnerability of purely frame and purely flat slab
models under different load conditions were studied and for the analysis, seismic zone IV is considered. The analysis is done with
using E-Tabs software. It is necessary to analyze seismic behaviour of building for different heights to see what changes are going
to occur if the height of conventional RC Frame building and flat slab building changes. Therefore, the characteristics of the
seismic behaviour of flat slab and conventional RC Frame buildings suggest that additional measures for guiding the conception
and design of these structures in seismic regions are needed and to improve the performance of building having conventional RC
building and flat slabs under seismic loading, The object of the present work is to compare the behaviour of multi-storey
commercial buildings having flat slabs and conventional RC frame with that of having two way slabs with beams and to study the
effect of height of the building on the performance of these two types of buildings under seismic forces. Present work provides a
good source of information on the parameters lateral displacement, storey drift, storey shear, column moments and axial forces,
time period.

Keyword: Reinforced Concrete Frame; ETABS 9.7.4; Flat Slab.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------***-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. INTRODUCTION produced by the bending of columns and slab causes the

building to deflect excessively. There are two ways to
The scarcity of space in urban areas has led to the satisfy these requirements. First is to increase the size of
development of vertical growth consisting of low-rise, members beyond and above the strength requirements and
medium-rise and tall buildings. Generally framed structures second is to change the form of structure into more rigid and
are used for these buildings. They are subjected to both stable to confine deformation. First approach has its own
vertical and lateral loads. Lateral loads due to wind and limits, whereas second one is more elegant which increases
earthquake governs the design rather than the vertical loads. rigidity and stability of the structure and also confine the
The buildings designed for vertical load may not have the deformation requirement. In earthquake engineering, the
capacity to resist the lateral loads. The lateral loads are the structure is designed for critical force condition among the
premier ones because in contrast to vertical load that may be load combination.
assumed to increase linearly with height; lateral loads are
quite variable and increase rapidly with height. Under a In the present study the response of multi-storey commercial
uniform wind and earthquake loads the overturning moment R.C. frame and R C flat slab to the lateral and vertical loads
at the base is very large and varies in proportion to the have been done.
square of the height of the building. The lateral loads are
considerably higher in the top storey rather than the bottom 1.1 Framed Structure
storey due to which building tends to act as cantilever.
These lateral forces tend to sway the frame. In many of the Framed structures can be considered as an assemblage of
seismic prone areas there are several instances of failure of one dimensional and two dimensional members. The length
buildings which have not been designed for earthquake of a one dimensional member of a structure is large
loads. All these reaction makes the study of the effect of compared to its other dimensions where as the thickness of a
lateral loads very important. two dimensional member is smaller than its other two
dimensions. A structure made of line members joined
Pure rigid frame system or frame action obtained by the together is referred to as framed structure. In general,
interaction of slabs, beam and column is not adequate. The framed structures have three dimensional configurations.
frame alone fails to provide the required lateral stiffness for
buildings taller than 15 to 20 (50m to 60m) stories. It is
because of the shear taking component of deflection

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While transferring loads acting on the structure, the

members of the structure are subjected to internal forces like
axial forces, shearing forces, bending and torsion moments.
Structural Analysis deals with analyzing these internal
forces in the members of the structures. The process of
analysis commences with planning of a structure, primarily
to meet the functional requirement of the user.

Planning a structure involves the selection of the most

suitable type of structure and the choice of its general layout
and overall dimension on the basis of economic, aesthetic,
functional and other criteria. Designing a structure entails
determining the disturbances to which it is expected to be Fig -2: Slab without drop and column with column head
exposed during its life time and then choosing the
dimensions of its members as well as the details of their Moments in the slabs are more near the column. Hence the
connections. The structure is then analyzed, i.e., the internal slab is thickened near the columns by providing the drops
forces and moments in its members and the displacements of as. Sometimes the drops are called as capital of the column.
some of its cross sections are computed. The member of Thus we have the following types of flat slabs.
structure must have sufficient strength and rigidity so that
when the structure subjected to the disturbances to which it
is expected to be exposed, the components of stress and
displacement at any of its point do not exceed the maximum
allowable values given in the appropriate design course.

If the results of the analysis show that the members of the

structure do not have sufficient strength and rigidity to
satisfy the aforementioned requirements the structure is
redesigned, i.e., new dimensions of cross section are chosen.
The process is repeated until the structure is obtained which
satisfies all the aforementioned requirements. Fig -3: Slab with drop and column without column head

1.2 Flat Slab (i) Slabs without drop and column with column head
(ii) Slabs without drop and column without column head
Common practice of design and construction is to support (iii) Slabs with drop and column with column head
the slabs by beams and support the beams by columns. This
may be called as beam-slab construction. The beams reduce Flat-slab building structures possesses major advantages
the available net clear ceiling height. Hence in warehouses, over traditional slab-beam-column structures because of the
offices and public halls sometimes beams are avoided and free design of space, shorter construction time, architectural
slabs are directly supported by columns. These types of –functional and economical aspects. Because of the absence
construction are aesthetically appealing also. These slabs of deep beams and shear walls, flat-slab structural system is
which are directly supported by columns are called Flat significantly more flexible for lateral loads then traditional
Slabs. RC frame system and that make the system more vulnerable
under seismic events.

The system consists of columns resting directly on floor

slabs for which sufficient strength and ductility should be
provided to enable sustaining of large inelastic deformations
without failure. The absence of beams, i.e., the transferring
of their role to the floor RC structure which gains in height
and density of reinforcement in the parts of the hidden
beams, the bearing capacity of the structural system, the
plate-column and plate-wall connection, all the advantages
and disadvantages of the system have been tested through
Fig -1: Typical Flat Slab (Without column head and drop)
long years of analytical and experimental investigations. For
the last 20 to 30 years, the investigations have been directed
The column head is sometimes widened so as to reduce the
toward definition of the actual bearing capacity,
punching shear in the slab. The widened portions are called
deformability and stability of these structural systems
column heads. The column heads may be provided with any
designed and constructed in seismically active regions.
angle from the consideration of architecture but for the
design, concrete in the portion at 45º on either side of
vertical only is considered as effective for the design.
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A flat slab is a highly indeterminate structure and its exact that result in more usable space in a building for a given or
analysis is difficult. An approximate analysis can be made limited height and reduces lateral loads acting on the system,
by considering an interior panel of slab. IS456-2000 as well as mechanical, electrical, and cladding costs.
provides an empirical approach Direct Design Method and
Equivalent Frame Analysis for the analysis of flat slab. Via 2. OBJECTIVES
Direct Design Method this it’s easy to calculate bending
 The main objective of the analysis is to study the
moment and shear force in flat slab without use of computer. The objectives of the study are:
But the Equivalent Frame Analysis gives more exact results.
different forces acting on a building. The analysis
The behaviour and design of flat slabs structures for gravity is carried out in ETABS 9.7.4. Software. Results of
loads are well established but their seismic behaviour is not conventional R.C.C structure i.e. slab, beam and
well understood and generally found to be unsatisfactory. column and flat slab R.C.C structure for different

 Conventional R.C.C structure and flat slab R.C.C

Flat slab is susceptible to progressive brittle punching shear heights are discussed below.
failure under seismic loading. In flat slab building the most
vulnerable part is slab-column joint. Flat slabs with drop for different height are modeled and analyzed for
panels or column capitals are generally constructed as these the different combinations of Dynamic loading.
extra projections provide safety against punching shear and The comparison is made between the conventional
also reduce the heavy negative moment. If drop panels are R.C.C structure and flat slab R.C.C. Buildings are

 To study the vulnerability of purely frame and

not provided then the system is termed as Flat Plate. situated in seismic zone IV.

Extensive research has been carried out to find out the purely flat-slab models under different factors
behaviour of slab-column connection. The failure mode which are Storey drift, lateral displacement, time
depends upon the type and extent of loading. Punching shear period and base shear have been obtained for
strength of slab-column connection is of importance which SPECX (EX) and SPECY (EY) in zone IV. The
very much depends on the gravity shear ratio. The axial load and moments in columns have been
mechanism of transfer of moments from slab to column is obtained for various load combination in zone IV.
very complex when subjected to lateral loading and
unbalance moments. These unbalanced moments produce
additional shear and torsion at the connections and then get 3. BUILDING DETAILS, PROGRAM AND
transferred into the column which results in excessive
PRELIMINARY DESIGN
cracking of slab leading to further reduction in the stiffness
of the slab. 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000
6000

A flat-plate structure, as shown in Figure 4, consists of a

slab with uniform thickness supported on the columns with
no beams or drop panels. The economy of flat plate
buildings has lead to their wide spread utilization throughout
6000

the world. Conventionally flat-plate structure is generally

used for lightly loaded structures such as apartments, hotels,
and office buildings with relatively short spans, typically
6000

less than 6m. For longer spans or heavier loads, flat-slabs

system with shear capitals or drop panels would be more
feasible.
6000
6000

PROPOSED LAYOUT PLAN OF COMMERCIAL BUILDING

Fig -5: Plan of the Commercial building

Following are details of the number of floors considered in

both RC frame and Flat slab building that have taken up for
Fig -4: Flat-plate structure
the analysis and design.


Flat-plates have been widely used due to the reduced

construction cost associated with the simple formwork and Model 1 and 2 : Four storey (i.e. G+3)


simple arrangement of flexural reinforcement. An additional Model 3 and 4 : Nine storey (i.e. G+8)
advantage of a flat-plate is reduced building storey heights Model 5 and 6 : Thirteenth storey(i.e. G+12)

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The height of each floor is 3.0m. The total height of Ground

plus three, eight and twelve storey building is 12.0 m, 27.0
m and 39.0 m. The plinth beam is provided above the
ground at the height of 1.5m from below ground level. 3D
Models of RC frame and flat plate for Ground plus three,
eight and twelve storey buildings is shown in figure 6 to 11

Fig -9: Model 4: 3D Model of flat plate of G+8 storey

building

Fig -6: Model 1: 3D of RC Frame of G+3 storey building

Fig -10: Model 5: 3D Model of RC frame of G+12 storey

building

Fig -7: Model 2: 3D Model of flat plate of G+3 storey

building

Fig -11: Model 6: 3D Model of flat plate of G+12 storey flat

plate building

3.1 Preliminary Sections

The preliminary sections of columns and beams have been

fixed on the basis of deflection criteria [i.e. span to depth
ratio]. The sections were found to be satisfactory for the
given loads for a four storey model. These sections were
Fig -8: Model 3: 3D Model of RC frame of G+8 storey maintained uniform throughout the height. Similarly, all
building other models, nine and thirteenth stories, were analyzed and
designed to meet the current Codes (IS 456:2000 and IS
1893:2002) and their structural member sizes chosen for the
study are given in below Table

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Table -1: Sizes of structural element

Sl Width Depth
Name of element
No (mm) (mm)

Column
(floor & roof) for
1 350 350
four, eight and
thirteenth storey

Beam
(floor & roof) for
2 300 600
four, eight and
thirteenth storey

Slabs for both four; Fig -13: Layout Plan of the Conventional frame Building
3 eight and thirteenth 200
storey

3.2 Materials
The Young’s modulus of elasticity of concrete was 35,000
MPa while the Poisson’s ratio was 0.2. The densities were
22 kN/m3 and 25 kN/m3 for solid concrete block and
concrete members respectively. For structural components
M 35 and Fe 500 grade was considered.

3.3 Positions and Orientation of Columns

Figure 12 shows the position and orientation of columns and
beams. The building consists of 36 columns. The Fig -14: Layout Plan of the Flat plate Building
orientations of member are chosen so that maximum
moment of inertia is achieved. 3.4 Program
The program consists of analyzing each of the multi-storey
buildings by using ETABS 9.7.4. In particular, the effects of
following with respect to the behaviour of columns, drift,

 Flat plate (FP)

displacement, time period have been studied.

 Height of the buildings

 Convention RC frame (CF)

4. ANALYSIS OF THE BUILDING

4.1 Loads Considered:
Dead Load: The loads realized due to the following has

 Self weight of structural members

been considered

 Wall load
 Unknown partition
 Floor finish

The self weight of the members is calculated by assuming

the density as 25 kN/m3 and 22 kN/m3 for concrete and solid
Fig -12: Position of the columns concrete block. Grade of Concrete is M35 and Grade of
Steel (Fy) is Fe500.
The self weight of slab =0.2 x 1 x 1 x 25 = 5 kN/m2
Load due to Unknown partition =1 kN/m2
Load due to floor finish= 1 kN/m2
Load due to wall: 0.2x (3.0-0.6) x22 = 10.56 kN/m2

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Live Load
Live load on floor slab and roof: 4kN/m2. Allowance for the
reduction in live load is considered for determining the
column moments.

Earthquake Load
This load has been taken into account by specifying the zone
in which the building is located. Table 2 shows the details of
the earthquake parameters as the earthquake zone is
concerned.

Table -2: Earthquake Parameters

Zone (Z) IV
Response Reduction Factor (RF) 5
Importance Factor (I) 1
Rock and Soil Factor (SS) 2 Fig -16: Storey Shear of Specx for Flat plate (Typical)
Type of structures 1
Damping Ratio (DM) 0.05
Time Period Ta=0.075h0.75

4.2 Load Combinations:

The following combination of loads with appropriate partial
safety factor satisfying the Indian standard code provision
i.e. IS456:2000, table 18, clause 18.2.3.1 and IS 1893:2002,
clause6.3.2.1 are as follows,

1.5[DL + LL]
1.2[DL + LL+SPECX]
1.2[DL + LL+ SPECY]
1.2[DL + LL - SPECX]
1.2[DL + LL - SPECY]
1.5[DL + SPECX]
1.5[DL + SPECY]
1.5[DL - SPECX]
1.5[DL - SPECY] Fig -17: Displacement of Flat plate
0.9[DL] + 1.5[SPECX]
0.9[DL] + 1.5[SPECY]
0.9[DL] - 1.5[SPECX]
0.9[DL] -1.5[SPECY]

Fig -18: Storey Shear of EQX for conventional Frame

Fig -15: Storey Shear of EQX for Flat plate (Typical) (Typical)
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Fig -22: Slab moments along Mx for Conventional frame

System

Fig -19: Storey Shear of Specx for conventional Frame

(Typical)

Fig -23: Slab moments along Mx for Flat plate System

5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The forces and displacements developed in each of the
members of the structure are got from the analysis. These
results obtained from the analysis have been discussed detail
in this chapter. Further these results have been used for the
understanding of the behaviour of the structure between the
conventional RC frames and flat plate under the effects of
lateral loads.
Fig -20: Displacement of conventional frame 5.1 Column Moments
The critical columns i.e. type I have been chosen for the
study. Chart 1-7 shows the details of the column moments
and axial load obtained for columns. Chart 1-7 represents
the column results obtained for the structures which are
subjected to lateral loads only. The lateral load analysis for
flat plate is done to compare the same with that of
Conventional RC frame.

From the lateral load analysis results it can be observed that

in four storey building the moments (Mz) is maximum at
first and terrace level for types I of column. Thus a column
at first and terrace level attracts maximum steel as compared
to the other positions. From the results it can be observed
that the column moment for flat plate analysis is more than
that of the column moments of conventional RC frame
analysis in zone IV. The difference between the two varies
from 15 to 25(%).

Fig -21: Column axial load (Typical) From the lateral load analysis results it can be observed that
in nine storey building the moments (Mz) is maximum at
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second level for types I of column. Thus a column at second Storey Vs Column Moments(Mz)
level attracts maximum steel as compared to the other

Column ments (Mz) kN-m

positions. From the results it can be observed that the 1200
CFG+8
FPG+8
column moment for flat plate analysis is more than that of 1000
the column moments of conventional RC frame analysis in
zone IV. The difference between the two varies from 15- 800
20(%). 600
400
From the lateral load analysis results it can be observed that
in thirteenth storey building the moments (Mz) is maximum 200
at plinth and first level for types I of column. After second 0
level the moment’s decreases and increases as the height of

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
TERRACE

PLINTH
the building increases. Thus a column at plinth and first
level attracts maximum steel as compared to the other
positions. From the results it can be observed that the
column moment for flat plate analysis is more than that of Storey
the column moments of conventional RC frame analysis in
zone IV. The difference between the two varies from 15-
30(%).
Chart -2: Design moments, nine storey building Subjected
From the lateral load analysis results it can be observed that, to vertical loads
the axial load is more in flat plate compared to conventional
RC frame. The difference between the two varies up to
10(%).For all columns the columns have been designed for
the combination of dead load and earthquake load this Storey Vs Column Moments (Mz)
shows that earthquake combination is the worst combination 500
Column Moments (Mz) kN-m

giving rise to the most critical sections. Earthquake is more 400 CFG+12
predominant than other loads. The behaviour of column
300 FPG+12
moments changes as the height of the building increases.
200
Height of the Building 100
0
The effect of height of the building is studied by considering
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
PLINTH

TERRACE
a thirteenth storey building. This study has been made for -100
conventional RC frame and flat plate. The results have been -200
represented in Chart 1-7. From the Charts it can be observed -300
that at level plinth, first, second and terrace the moments are Storey
maximum in the column is most critical. Further after level
2 as the height increases the column moments criticality Chart -3: Design moments, thirteen storey building
decreases and increases at the top storey. The base shear, Subjected to vertical loads
time period, displacement and storey drift increases
drastically as the height increases

Storey Vs Column Axial Force (Pu)

Storey Vs Column Moments (Mz)
10000
Column Moments (Mz) kN-m

300 8000 CFG+3

Axial Load in kN

CFG+3
250 FPG+3
FPG+3 6000
200
150 4000
100 2000
50
0
0
Storey

Chart -4: Axial force, four storey building Subjected to

Storey
vertical load
Chart -1: Design moments, three storey building Subjected
to vertical loads
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5.2 Storey Shear

Storey vs Column Axial force
30000 The results have been represented in Chart 8-11. From the
Chart it can be observed that the base shear is maximum at
25000 CFG+12
Axial Load in kN

plinth level for all types of column. After plinth level the
FPG+12 base shear decreases as the height of the building increases.
20000 Due to the symmetric of the building the base shear will
same in both directions (Vx and Vy). Chart 8-11 it can be
15000 observed that, the base shear will increase drastically as the
height increases. Base shear of flat plate building is less than
10000 the conventional R.C.C building. The difference between the
two varies from 8 to 12(%)
5000
Storey Vs Storey Shear
0

PLI…
TE…

3500
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
3000 CFG+3
Storey

Storey shear kN
2500 FPG+3
2000
Chart -5: Axial force, thirteen storey building Subjected to 1500
vertical loads 1000
500
0
Storey Vs Column Axial Force (Pu)
20000

CFG+8
Axial Load in kN

15000
FPG+8 Storey
10000
Chart -8: Effect of storey shear on behaviour of column of
5000 four storey building

0 Storey Vs Story Shear

4000
3500 CFG+8
3000
Story shear kN

Storey FPG+8
2500
2000
Chart -6: Axial force, nine storey building Subjected to 1500
vertical loads 1000
500
0
TERRA…

No of Storey Vs Axial Force

PLINTH
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

30000
Convnetion Frame
25000
Story
Axial Load in kN

Flat Plate
20000
Chart -9: Effect of storey shear on behaviour of column of
15000 nine storey building
10000
5000
0
G+3 G+8 G+12
No of Story

Chart -7: Axial force, four, nine and thirteen storey

building Subjected to vertical loads

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Storey Vs Storey Shear

Storey vs Lateral Displacement
CFG+12 60
4500

Lateral Displacment in mm
4000 FPG+12 50 CFG+3
3500 40 FPG+3
Storey shear kN

3000
30
2500
2000 20
1500
10
1000
500 0
0
PLI…

TER…
Storey
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Chart -12: Effect of lateral displacement on behaviour of
Storey
column of fourth storey building
Chart -10: Effect of storey shear on behaviour of column of
thirteen storey building Storey Vs Lateral Displacement
80
70

Lateral Displacment in mm
No of Storey Vs Story Shear 60 CFG+8
80000 50 FPG+8
Convnetion Frame 40
70000 30
Flat Plate
60000 20
Story Shear i kN

50000 10
0
40000
30000
20000
Story
10000
Chart -13: Effect of lateral displacement on behaviour of
0
column of nine storey building
G+3 G+8 G+12
No of Story Storey Vs Lateral Displacement
Chart -11: Effect of storey shear on behaviour of column of 140
Lateral Displacment in mm

four, nine and thirteen storey building 120

100
CFG+12
5.3 Lateral Displacement 80
FPG+12
The results have been represented in Chart 12-15. From the 60
Chart it can be observed that the lateral displacement (both 40
Ux and Uy) is maximum at terrace level for all types of 20
column. Lateral displacement increases as the storey level 0
TERRA…

increases. Lateral displacement will be minimum at plinth

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
PLINTH

level and maximum at terrace level. Due to the symmetric of

the building the lateral displacement will be same in both
directions (Ux and Uy). From Chart it can be observed that, Storey
the lateral displacement will increase drastically as the
height increases. Lateral displacement of conventional Chart -14: Effect of lateral displacement on behaviour of
R.C.C building is less than the flat plate building. The column of thirteen storey building
difference between the two varies from 28 to 57(%).

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No of Storey Vs Lateral Displacemenet 3 No of modes Vs Time Period

Time period in Sec

140 2.5 CFG+8
Lateral Displacement in mm

Convnetion Frame
120 2
100 Flat Plate 1.5 FPG+8
80 1
0.5
60
0
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
20
0 No of Modes

G+3 G+8 G+12

No of Story
Chart -17: Effect of time period on behaviour of modes
shapes on nine storey building
Chart -15: Effect of lateral displacement on behaviour of
column of four, nine and thirteen storey building
No of Modes Vs Time Period
1.6
5.4 Time Period 1.4
CFG+12

Time period in Sec

The results have been represented in Chart 16-19. From the 1.2
Chart it can be observed that the time period (both Tx and 1 FPG+12
Ty) is maximum at mode 1 and 2. The natural time period 0.8
increases as the height increases (No of stories). Due to the 0.6
symmetric of the building the time period will be same in
0.4
both directions (Tx and Ty). From Chart 19 it can be
observed that, the time period will increase drastically as the 0.2
height increases. In comparison of the conventional R.C.C 0
building and flat slab building, the time period is more for 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
flat slab building than conventional building. The difference No of Modes
between the two varies from 14 to 33(%).
Chart -18: Effect of time period on behaviour of modes
No of Modes Vs Time Period in Sec shapes on thirteen storey building
1.6
No of Storey Vs Time Period
1.4
CFG+3 4 Convnetion Frame
1.2
Time period in Sec

Time Period in Sec

3 Flat Plate
1 FPG+3
0.8 2
0.6
1
0.4
0
0.2
G+3 G+8 G+12
0
No of Story
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Chart -19: Effect of time period on behaviour of modes
No of Modes shapes on fourth, nine and thirteen storey building

5.5 Storey Drift

Chart -16: Effect of time period on behaviour of modes
shapes on fourth storey building The results have been represented in Chart 20-23. From the
Chart it can be observed that the storey drift (both Ux and
Uy) is maximum at second level for all types of column.
After second level the storey drift decreases as the height of
the building increases. Due to the symmetric of the building
the lateral displacement will be same in both directions (Ux
and Uy). From Chart it can be observed that, the storey drift
will increase drastically as the height increases. Storey drift
in building with flat slab construction is significantly more
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Volume: 03 Issue: 08 | Aug-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 449
IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308

as compared to conventional R.C.C building. As a result of

No of Storey Vs Drift
this, additional moments are developed. Therefore, the
columns of such buildings should be designed by 0.006 Convnetion Frame
considering additional moments caused by the drift. The Flat Plate
0.005
difference between the two varies from 28-60(%).
0.004

Drift
0.003
Storey Vs Storey Drift
0.006 0.002
CFG+3
0.005 0.001
FPG+3
0.004 0
Storey Drift

0.003 G+3 G+8 G+12

No of Storey
0.002
0.001 Chart -23: Effect of storey drift on behaviour on four, nine
and thirteen storey building
0
6. CONCLUSIONS
Storey This study presents a summary of the project work, for
conventional R.C.C building and flat slab building for
different floor height in the seismic region. The effect of
Chart -20: Effect of storey drift on behaviour on fourth
seismic load has been studied for the two types of building
storey building
with different height. On the basis of the results following
conclusions have been drawn:
Storey Vs Storey Drift 1. The moment is maximum at plinth, first and second
0.005 CFG… level. After second level moments decreases and
0.004 FPG… increases at the top storey.
2. The column behavior changes as height of the building
Storey Drift

0.003 increases.
3. The columns have been designed for the combination of
0.002
dead load and earthquake load for all cases and the load
0.001 combination 1.5[DL±EX] is the most critical.
4. The column moments are more in flat plate compared to
0 conventional R.C.C building.
TERR…
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
PLINTH

5. Column moments in flat plate vary from 10 to 20 (%) as

compared to that of conventional R.C.C frames
Storey depending upon the storey.
6. The base shears is maximum at plinth level for all types
Chart -21: Effect of storey drift on behaviour on nine storey of column. After plinth level the base shear decreases as
building the height of the building increases. The base shear will
Storey Vs Storey Drift increase drastically as the height increases. Base shear
of flat plate building is less than the conventional R.C.C
0.005 CFG+12 building. The difference between the two varies from 8-
0.0045 13(%).
0.004 FPG+12
7. The lateral displacement (both Ux and Uy) is maximum
0.0035 at terrace level for all types of column. Lateral
Storey Drift

0.003 displacement increases as the storey level increases.

0.0025 The lateral displacement will increase drastically as the
0.002 height increases. Lateral displacement of conventional
0.0015 R.C.C building is less than the flat plate building. The
0.001 difference between the two varies from 28-57(%).
0.0005 8. The natural time period increases as the height increases
0 (No of stories).
PLI…

9. In comparison of the conventional R.C.C building and

11
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

flat slab building, the time period is more for flat slab
Storey building than conventional building. The difference
Chart -22: Effect of storey drift on behaviour on thirteen between the two varies from 14-33(%).
storey building 10. The time period will be maximum at mode 1 and 2.
After mode 2, time period will reduce drastically.
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IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308

11. The storey drift (both Ux and Uy) is maximum at 10. IS: 456:2000, “Indian Standard Code for Plain and
second level for all types of column. After second level Reinforced Concrete”, Bureau of Indian Standards,
the storey drift decreases as the height of the building New Delhi.
increases. 11. Prof. K S Sable, Er. V A Ghodechor, Prof. S B
12. Storey drift in building with flat slab construction is Kandekar,“ Comparative Study of Seismic
significantly more as compared to conventional R.C.C Behavior of Multistorey Flat Slab and Conventional
building. As a result of this, additional moments are Reinforced Concrete Framed Structures”, Volume 2,
developed. Therefore, the columns of such buildings Issue 3, June 2012
should be designed by considering additional moments
caused by the drift. The difference between the two BIOGRAPHIES
varies from 28-60(%).
13. The earthquake forces is more predominant than others Mrs. Navyashree K resident of Mysore
loads. received her degree in Civil Engineering
14. Lateral displacement will be minimum at plinth level from NIE, Mysore in the year August
and maximum at terrace level 2010.

SCOPE OF FUTURE STUDIES

1. The structure can be compared with post tensioned slab
designed methods
2. The structure behaviour different Seismic zones and its Mrs. Sahana T.S (Asst.Professor)
Behaviour of Buildings having Flat Slabs with Drops. received her M.E (Pre-stressed
3. The structure can be analysed with effect of Shear concrete) from Banglore University.
Wall, Her area of interest includes
Earthquake engineering and Dynamics
REFERENCES of Structures. She has 5 years of
teaching experience.
1. Agarwal. P. and Shirkhande.M, “Earthquake resistant
Design of Structures” Printice- Hall of India Private
Ltd. New Delhi, India.
2. Alpa Sheth“Effect of perimeter frames in seismic
performance of tall concrete buildings with shear wall
core and flat slab system” The 14th World Conference
on Earthquake Engineering October 12-17, 2008,
Beijing, China.
3. Apostolska1 R.P and Necevska-Cvetanovska G. S,
“Seismic performance of flat-slab building structural
systems” The 14th World Conference on Earthquake
Engineering October 12-17, 2008, Beijing, China.
4. Bhavikatti S.S, “Advance R.C.C. Design” , New Age
International (p) Limited, Publishers, New Delhi, India.
5. Ema COELHO, Paulo CANDEIAS, Raul
ZAHARIAand Artur V. PINTO, “Assessment of the
seismic behavior of R C flat slab building structures”,
13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering
Vancouver, B.C., Canada August 1-6, 2004 Paper No.
2630
6. Garg c.s, Yogendrasingh, Pradeep Bhargava and
Bhandari N.M, “Seismic performance of flat slab shear
wall system”, Journal of structural Engineering, Vol.37,
No.3, August-September2010, PP.203-207.
7. Lan N .Robertson, “Analysis flat slab structures
subjected to combined lateral and gravity load”, ACI
Structural Journal.
8. Pankaj Agarwal and Manish Shrikande (2007),
“Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures”, Prentice
Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi, India.
9. Shyh-jiann Hwang and Jack p. moehle, “Models for
laterally loaded slab-column frames”, ACI Structural
Journal, March-April 2000.

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