interwoven into a dense net, this material can absorb

Text 1-4. a great amount of energy.

by Tom Harris In addition to stopping the bullet from
Humans have been wearing armor for reaching your body, a piece of body armor also has
thousands of years. Ancient tribes fastened animal to protect against blunt trauma caused by the force
hide and plant material around their bodies when of the bullet.
they went out on the hunt, and the warriors of When you kick a ball into a soccer goal, the
ancient Rome and medieval Europe covered their net is pushed back pretty far, slowing the ball down
torsos in metal plates before going into battle. By gradually. This is a very efficient design for a goal
the 1400s, armor in the Western world had become because it keeps the ball from bouncing out into the
highly sophisticated. With the right armor, you were field. But bulletproof material can’t give this much
nearly Invincible. because the vest would push too far into the
All that changed with the development of wearer’s body at the point of impact. Focusing the
cannons and guns in the 1500s. These weapons hurl blunt trauma of the impact in a small area can cause
projectiles at a high rate of speed, giving them severe internal injuries.
enough energy to penetrate thin layers of metal. You Bulletproof vests have to spread the blunt
can increase the thickness of traditional armor trauma out over the whole vest so that the force isn’t
materials, but they soon become too cumbersome felt too intensely in any one spot. To do this, the
and heavy for a person to wear. It wasn’t until the bulletproof material must have a very tight weave.
1960s that engineers developed a reliable bullet- Typically, the individual fibers are twisted,
resistant armor that a person could wear increasing their density and their thickness at each
comfortably. Unlike traditional armor, this soft body point. To make it even more rigid, the material is
armor is not made out of pieces of metal; it is coated with a resin substance and sandwiched
formed from advanced woven fibers that can be between two layers of plastic film.
sewn into vests and other soft clothing. A person wearing body armor will still feel
Soft body armor is a fairly mystifying the energy of a bullet’s impact, of course, but over
concept: How can a soft piece of clothing stop the whole torso rather than in a specific area. If
bullets? The principle at work is actually quite everything works correctly, the victim won’t be
simple. At its heart, a piece of bullet-proof material seriously hurt. Since no one layer can move a good
is just a very strong net. distance, the vest has to slow the bullet down using
To see how this works, think of a soccer many different layers. Each “net” slows the bullet a
goal. The back of the goal consist of a net formed by little bit more, until the bullet finally stops. The
many long lengths of tether, interlaced with each material also causes the bullet to deform at the point
other and fastened to the goal frame. When you kick of the impact Essentially, the bullet spreads out at
the soccer ball into the goal, the ball has a certain the tip, in the same way a piece of clay spreads out if
amount of energy, in the form of forward inertia. you throw It against a wall. This process, which
When the ball hits the net, it pushes back on the further reduces the energy of the bullet, is called
tether lines at that particular point. Each tether “mushrooming.”
extends from one side of the frame to the other, To sum up, modern soft body armor consists
dispersing the energy from the point of impact over of several layers of super-strong webbing. This
a wide area. material disperses the energy of a bullet over a wide
The energy is further dispersed because the area, preventing penetration and dissipating blunt
tethers are interlaced. When the ball pushes on a trauma. This sort of armor, as well as hard armor,
horizontal length of tether, that tether pulls on every ranges considerably in effectiveness, depending on
interlaced vertical tether. These tethers in turn pull the materials used as well as the armor design.
on all the connected horizontal tethers. In this way, However, no bulletproof vest is completely
the whole net works to absorb the ball’s inertial impenetrable, and there is no piece of body armor
energy, no matter where the ball hits. that will make you invulnerable to attack.
If you were to put a piece of bulletproof
material under a powerful microscope, you would 01. What is the best title for the text?
see a similar structure. Long strands of fiber are (A) How Body Armor Works
interlaced to form a dense net. A bullet is traveling (B) Why Body Armor Exists
much faster than a soccer ball, of course, so the net (C) How We Can Protect Ourselves
needs to be made from stronger material. The most
(D) Body Armor and Soccer
famous material used in body armor is DuPont’s
(E) Soft Armor and Hard Armor
KEVLAR fiber. KEVLAR is lightweight, like a
traditional clothing fiber, but it is five times stronger
than a piece of steel of the same weight When
02. The followings are TRUE according to the text, with sensory cells, which send signals to the shark’s
EXCEPT … brain. The olfactory lobes in the shark’s brain
(A) The development of cannons and guns in the analyze the smells, looking for those that match the
1500s gave rise to the need of better body armor. scent of their prey or the pheromones of potential
(B) Body armor will never make you completely mates. And sharks have pretty advanced equipment
impenetrable. up there-about two-thirds of the shark’s brain weight
(C) In 1400s even with the best armor, people are is composed of olfactory lobes.
not totally invulnerable. Once the shark identifies the scent and
(D) Kevlar fiber is the only material used in body decides to pursue, it starts swimming. The shark’s
armor. natural swimming motion of moving its head back
(E) Modern soft body armor contains more than one and forth provides further assistance in determining
layer. where the scent is coming from. With each
movement, the snout picks up more water for the
03. Why would the author mention “soccer goal” in shark to analyze, and the shark is able to tell whether
paragraph 4? it’s coming from the right or left nare. This helps
(A) To show the similarities between soccer goal them determine which way to swim.
and body armor. The shark’s nose may work so well because
(B) To make the readers understand the concept of it doesn’t have to do anything else. Sharks use their
body armor by explaining a similar and more noses just for smelling. Breathing is accomplished
common example. with a shark’s gills, and the shark’s sense of smell is
(C) To make the readers discuss the difference not connected to its mouth in anyway. Sharks often
between soccer goal and body armor. don’t know how something is going to taste until
they’ve taken a bite. This is how some people are
(D) To make the readers aware of the similarities
able to “escape” from a shark attack -- the shark gets
and differences between soccer goal and body
a little nibble of a foot and decides to reject the prey.
armor.
(E) To make the readers realize the importance of
05. The best topic of the text is …
body armor to the existence of soccer goals.
(A) Shark Breathing Technique.
04. The conclusion can be found in paragraph … (B) Shark Senses.
(A) First paragraph. (C) Shark Smell.
(B) Last paragraph. (D) Shark Abilities.
(C) First and last paragraphs. (E) Shark Roles.
(D) First and second paragraphs.
06. Which one is TRUE according to the text?
(E) This text has no conclusion.
(A) More than half of sharks’ brain weight is
composed of olfactory lobes.
Text 05-07
(B) Sharks always kill their preys.
By Molly Edmonds
Smell is probably the most important shark (C) Sharks can use their mouths to smell their preys.
sense, so much so that sharks have been referred to (D) Similar to other types of fish, sharks breathe
as “swimming noses”. There are some impressive with gills.
statistics to back this up, too. A shark can sniff out (E) Sharks swim back and forth to understand how
fish extracts that make up only one part for every 10 they preys taste.
billion. Other research shows sharks are able to
respond to one part blood for every one million parts 07. Why would the author mention “teaspoon” and
of water; this is like being able to smell one “swimming pool” in paragraph 1’?
teaspoon of something in a swimming pool. What’s (A) To show how sharks behave.
more, sharks can smell these small amounts from (B) To demonstrate the importance of shark smell.
hundreds of meters away. (C) To give example of how sharks hunt its preys.
How does the shark do this? Just under the (D) To make the readers understand how powerful
snout are two nares, or nasal cavities. Each nare has sharks’ smell is.
two openings, one for water to enter and one for (E) To show that sharks can smell scents from far
water to exit. The shark sucks or pulls the water into away.
the nares to sniff out any evidence of prey. The
water goes into nasal sacs and over a series of skin Text 08-11
folds known as olfactory lamellae. The nasal By Clint Pumphrey
cavities are big spaces, which gives the shark more Let’s say you’re shopping online for shoes.
time to register the smells. The nasal sacs are filled After browsing a few stores for just the right pair,
you surf over to an article on your favorite news site. advertising business. They analyze search terms and
There, like magic, an advertisement appears for the user habits to place targeted advertising alongside
very same shoes you were admiring just moments regular search results and often allow companies to
ago. “That’s funny” you tell yourself before clicking pay them for a higher position among the results for
through to a weather site for the weekend forecast. particular keywords. That’s why, when you do a
Then, wedged between sunny Saturday and stormy search for “sleeping bags,” larger outdoor
Sunday, you see yet another ad for the shoes. You’re companies often appear first, and advertisements for
not going crazy; you’ve just experienced the wonder sleeping bags line the margins of the page.
of custom Internet advertising. Purchase Data. Ever notice how Web sites
Targeted advertising has been part of the like Amazon will recommend items that remind you
Internet experience since the late 1990s. Back then, of other items you’ve purchased or viewed in the
companies tried to reach out to consumers online in past? That’s because online stores often use cookies
much the same way they had on TV: by choosing or user registration to keep track of what you buy-
ads that likely appealed to the broadest part of their and even what you put in your cart and later
audience. In other words, since fly fishing shows abandon-in an effort to personalize your shopping
featured ads for rods and trips to Alaska, then so experience.
would fly fishing Web sites. Then, in the early Profile Data. When you create a profile on a
2000s, Internet advertising got a little smarter. social networking site such as Face-book you
Companies began using browsing habits and other probably enter information about your age, religion,
data collected from users to make ads more education, politi-cal views, interests and favorite
personalized, and promotions for shoes and all kinds movies, music and books so your friends can get to
of other products and services began following know you better. What you may not know is that
people across the Web. these sites also use that data to provide you with
Today, custom Internet advertising is custom advertising. For example, if you list one of
widespread, and the public is beginning to notice. your inter-ests as “board games,” don’t be surprised
According to a 2012 Pew Internet and American to see ads for Scrabble, Monopoly or Life.
Life Project report, 59 percent of Internet users said 08. The best title for the text above is …
they observed targeted advertising while surfing the (A) How You Give Your Personal Information
Web. Some activists see the practice as an invasion Voluntarily to the Internet
of privacy since it relies so heavily on the collection (B) How Advertisers Show You Custom Ads.
of personal information, but advertisers insist that its (C) How We Shop Online.
harmless. So, which is it? (D) How Advertisement Changes the Way We
In order to deliver custom ads, companies Explore the Internet.
first need to know something about you. Here are a (E) How Advertising Emerged.
few ways they gather that information:
Clickstream Data. In custom advertising, the term 09. What is implied from the text?
clickstream refers to a record of Web pages you’ve (A) People who shop for shoes online are the only
visited. This data is collected using a tiny text file people who get custom ads.
called a cookie, which a site sends to your computer (B) Targeted advertising had been around before
so it can track your movements among its pages. 1990s.
There are two types of cookies: first-party cookies, (C) Online ads are more personalized in the early
which are sent by the site domain in the address bar, 2000s.
and third-party cookies, which come from other
(D) Some internet users want to ban custom ads
domains that have embedded ads or images on the
because it is an invasion of privacy.
page. Marketing companies like DoubleClick,
Which advertise on sites across the Web, use third- (E) Custom ads are harmful.
party cookies to compile surprisingly complete
records of users’ browsing habits. This information 10. The underlined word “invasion” in paragraph 3
helps them tailor advertising to specific patrons. For most nearly means …
example, if a user’s clickstream record includes a lot (A) takeover. (D) violation.
of sports Web sites, he or she may see more (B) capture. (E) harmfulness.
advertisements for team jerseys and game tickets, (C) conquest
even when viewing something unrelated, like the
weather.
Search Data. A 2011 Pew Internet survey
found that 92 percent of adults used search engines
when online, so it’s no wonder that sites like
Google, Yahoo’ and MSN have gotten into the
11. Which one is FALSE about how advertisers But apart from these obvious, and primarily
obtain information about you? post-production, methods for making sure
(A) Clickstream data is collected through cookies. blockbuster movies turn a profit, behind-the-scenes
(B) What you search in the search engines may systems can help get much of the funding necessary
decide what advertisements you see on the search for covering the bottom line in place ahead of time.
results. Hollywood blockbusters might tend to take root in
(C) Your purchase history contributes to product ads Los Angeles, but when it comes to raising the funds
that you see on certain web-sites. needed to make a movie, the shoots spread across
(D) Personal information on social network-ing sites the world. Laws and loopholes vary greatly from
may decide the ads you see on the Internet. country to country, and successful executive
(E) If you have a social networking site, you will see producers are savvy when it comes to digging up the
ads for Scrabble, Monopoly, or life. best deals.
One good example can be found in
Text 12-16. Germany’s tax code: Potential German investors
By Jessika Toothman. looking to finagle their finances can invest in a
Colossal explosions split the sky, tsunamis future blockbuster and take the related tax deduction
crash over major metropolises, meteorites plough right away, thus postponing burdensome taxes for a
through mountain ranges, life-size dinosaurs stomp later date. They buy the movie’s copyright and
around primordial forests—and let’s not even get instantly lease it back to the Hollywood studio at the
into all the creative ways the White House has been helm. The participating studio also pays the German
cinematically smashed up over the years. investors a small advance on the movie, which
These sorts of spectacular special effects can qualifies as profit and satisfies the other side of the
boggle the mind, both In terms of how extraordinary tax law.
they are visually, as well as how much they Then all sorts of swapping follow. For
reportedly cost to produce. Hollywood blockbusters example, the German investors will typically sign
like the “Pirates of the Caribbean” and “Spider- contract agreements that limit their involvement to
Man” trilogies are packed with shocking special token (and transitory) ownership, for which they
effects that push their budgets way up into the pony up around 10 percent at the end of the day.
hundreds of millions, and somebody out there has to Eventually the rights to the movie return to the
be footing the bill. studio in full, and the studio takes that profit right
There are lots of readily apparent ways that off its bottom line. Best of all, the films aren’t
blockbusters make money. When people go see a required to be shot in Germany or employ any
movie in theaters, rent it when it’s available for Germans, as is dictated by some countries’ tax laws,
home viewing, buy the DVD or purchase the so it still works for movies that might otherwise be
soundtrack, the studio responsible gets a percentage inconvenienced by strict location requirements.
of the proceeds. It also collects from television Another way studios can defray their costs
distribution contracts on various domestic and is through strategic product placement We’re not
foreign TV outlets, from pay-per-view to basic cable talking about an obvious display of commercial
and free networks to satellite stations. But keep in wares like in the classic “Wayne’s World” vignette,
mind the percentage aspect-box-office numbers and but rather the subtle introduction of a specific
the rest of these revenues are split up among product into an applicable spot in a movie.
different vested parties-like the star, for instance-and Successful product placement doesn’t come off
don’t reflect a complete payback to a studio’s over-the-top; instead it aims to blend the product
blockbuster budget. Plus, post-theater success often seamlessly into the movie’s plot Featured companies
hinges at least in part on box-office turnout, adding sometimes offer free products and services for the
another complication to the equation. cast and crew in return, but nowadays they’re
Depending on the film, money can also increasingly pitching in to the film’s marketing
sometimes be made through means like expenses-usually with the caveat that they get an
merchandising and licensing contracts. Studios appearance in the ads and trailers for the film, of
typically get a guaranteed dollar amount, plus course.
royalties. Paying for a Hollywood blockbuster And these are just two examples. Myriad
means more than covering the cost of actually methods are available to movie insiders and intrepid
producing the movie, though. Marketing Is another entrepreneurs looking to be a part of the next big
big slice of the budget, for example, and since box blockbuster hit Even independent investors looking
office sales alone usually aren’t enough to cover to score some cash are getting in on the action. Most
even the cost of advertising, it’s another reason why use business smarts they picked up in other
additional funding vehicles are so important. industries to mold strategies that have the potential
to pay off big-keeping in mind that backing movies traffic. However, what happens if it start to rain or if
is always something of a gamble. traffic suddenly picks up?
12. What is the purpose of paragraph 1 in the text If the technology is to work at all it will have
above? to be completely safe on all road, under all speeds
(A) To show how the Hollywood blockbust-ers are and in all weather. There in line the challenge: if
financed cars and trucks are to drive autonomously. they will
(B) To mention all the natural disasters that need futuristic sensor and advanced computing
happened in the past in Los Angeles. capabilities to respond to ever - changing road
(C) To give introduction to typical scenes in condition.
Hollywood blockbusters. Perhaps the most extreme example of ever -
(D) To exemplify the typical scenes from changing condition is a war zone, where roads may
Hollywood blockbusters that are expen-sive. be reduced to rubble and vehicles are natural target
(E) To state the importance of white house in of attack. Rolling out fleet of sell - navigating
Hollywood blockbusters. vehicles for the military is enticing idea because it
could keep thousands of troops out of harm's way.
13. What is the main topic of the passage? Nevertheless, will it be possible for these vehicles to
(A) How people create special effects in Hol-lywood operate in war zone?. This question was the
blockbusters. inspiration for a recent Defense Advanced Research
(B) How the Hollywood blockbusters are financed. Project Agency (DARPA) contest aimed at spurring
the development of such tehcnologies.
(C) What makes Hollywood actors stay wealthy.
Held at a former air force be in Victor-ville,
(D) How Hollywood produces great movies.
Calf, in late 2007, the DARPA Urban Challenge
(E) Why Hollywood create good movies. offered a $5,5 million purse to competitors who
could design the fastest and safest vehicles that
14. Which one is implied in the text? could traverse a 60 - mile urban course in moving in
(A) Some ways of financing Hollywood are less than six hours. The contestant vehicles were
obvious. unmanned and had to complete a simulated military
(B) Normally, box office sales are not enough to supply mission, maneuvering through a mock city
cover the advertising cost. environment, avoiding obstacle: merging into
(C) The Germans always invest in Hollywood moving traffic, navigating traffic circles, and
blockbusters because of his tax system. negotiating interactions - all while conforming to
(D) Wayne’s World is an example of unsuc-cessful California driving rules. Of the 89 international
product placement. teams that entered the challenge, only six finished in
(E) Cano industry finances Hollywood block- the allowed time.
busters. Wende Zhang of General Motors was part of
the team that designed the winning vehicle, which
15. The followings may be the financing sources of finished with the fastest time - an average speed of
Hollywood blockbusters, EXCEPT … approximately 13 miles per hour. The GM team
(A) spectacular special effects. drew upon existing technology already offered in
(B) independent investors. some of their vehicles that can assist in parking of
(C) companies’ product placement detect lane markers and trigger alarms if the driver
(D) merchandising contracts. are coming too close to the shoulder of the road. For
(E) tv distribution contracts. the DARPA challenge, they developed a more
sophisticated package of sensors that included GPS
16. The underlined word “defray” in paragraph 8 coupled with a camera and a laser - ranging UDAR
most nearly means … system to guide and correct the vehicle’s route,
(A) increase (D) borrow which helped them win the challenge.
(B) decrease (E) pay for Though the won, people should not look for
(C) add robotic chauffeurs immediately. The technology
must prove reliable in many deferent road weather
and lighting condition. Still, says Zhang, a
This text is for questions 17 to 21
commercially - viable autonomous driving product
The thought of a car a truck that can drive
may be available in the next dace.
itself is at once both exciting and frightening
Autonomous vehicle navigation. as the technology is
17. The best title for this passage is
known, may make life more convenient if it allows
(A) Future War Zone Vehicles
people to kick back and enjoy a good bock or movie
while their cars guide themself through rush hour (B) A Giant Leap in automotive industry
(C) Research on the development of unmanned
vehicles
(D) Defense Advanced Research Project Agency
(E) The Triumph of General Motors in a
competition

18. The word “obstacles” in paragraph 4 is clos-est

in meaning to which of the following?
(A) Problems (D) Burdens
(B) Difficult (E) Nulsances
(C) Obstructions

19. What is stated about autonomous vehicle

navigation in the passage?
(A) It cannot function if it runs out of electricity.
(B) Bad weather and traffic jam are minor problems
for autonomous vehicles.
(C) Sixty teams managed to design autonomous
vehicle in the DAPRA competition.
(D) Autonomous vehicle will be equipped with a
state - of - the art navigating system
(E) Robotic chauffeurs will be ready in the near
future.

20. It can be inferred from the passage that the

DAPRA Urban Challenge
(A) Meant to search for an advanced robotic
navigation system
(B) Was only open for American teams
(C) Gave a trivial prize to the winning team
(D) Is to develop self - navigating vehicle for all
sorts of road conditions
(E) Was not very competitive

21. Which of the following statement is FALSE?

(A) Futuristic sensors and advanced computing
abilities will be essential feature of autonomous
vehicles
(B) Using self - navigating vehicle in the army will
reduce the number of injured soldiers in wars.
(C) The DAPRA Urban Challenge looked for the
fastest and safest autonomous vehicle.
(D) The GM team’s new detecting and navigating
methods played an important role in its victory.
(E) The U.S Army is already well - prepared and
ready to launch unmanned vehicles in current wars.