SMART DUSTBIN USING

ARDUINO,ULTRASONIC SENSOR &

SERVO MOTOR

REGISTER NO : 181091101601
NAME : NIZAMUDDIN M.F
COURSE : B TECH / 3rd YEAR / 6th SEM
DEPARTMENT: EEE
SUBJECT : TECHNICAL SKILL 3

PROJECT REPORT
SUBMITTED BY
TEAM MEMBERS
* SHIJO.J
* BALAJI.N
* SUBASH.S
* PRADEEP KUMAR.P
* NIZAMUDDIN.M.F

S.N CONTENT PAGE.NO:

O
1 ABSTRACT

2 INTRODUCTION

3 CONCEPT BEDIND SMART DUSTBIN USING

ARDUINO

4 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
5 COMPONENTS REQUIRED
5.1 ULTRASONIC SENSORS
5.2 SERVO MOTOR
5.3 ARDUINO UNO
5.4 CONNECTING WIRES
5.5 POWER SUPPLY
5.6 ARDUINO IDE

6 CODE

7 WORKING

8 OUTPUT

9 CONCULSION
1.ABSTRACT
A Smart Dustbin using Arduino, where the lid of the dustbin will automatically open when
you approach with trash.
In the recent decades, urbanization has increased tremendously. At the same phase there is an
increase in waste production. Waste management has been a crucial issue to be considered.
This proposal is a way to achieve this good cause. In this project smart dustbin is built on a
microcontroller based platform Arduino Uno board which is interfaced with the Servo motor
and ultrasonic sensor. Ultrasonic sensor is placed at the top of the dustbin which will measure
the stature of the dustbin.

The threshold stature is set at a particular level. Arduino will be programmed in such a way that
when someone will comes in front of dustbin the servo motor will come in action and open the
lid for the person to put the waste material into the dustbin. Once these smart bins are
implemented on a large scale, by replacing our traditional bins present today, waste can be
managed efficiently as it avoids unnecessary lumping of wastes on roadside. Foul smell from
these rotten wastes that remain untreated for a long time, due to negligence of authorities and
carelessness of public may lead to long term problems. Breeding of insects and mosquitoes can
create nuisance around promoting unclean environment. This may even cause dreadful
diseases.
 2.Introduction
Dustbins are small plastic (or metal) containers that are used to store trash (or waste) on a
temporary basis. They are often used in homes, offices, streets, parks etc. to collect the waste.

In some places, littering is a serious offence and hence Public Waste Containers are the only
way to dispose small waste.

Usually, it is a common practice to use separate bins for collecting wet or dry, recyclable or non-
recyclable waste.

In this project, we have designed a simple system called Smart Dustbin using Arduino,
Ultrasonic Sensor and Servo Motor, where the lid of the dustbin will automatically open itself
upon detection of human hand.

3.Concept behind Smart Dustbin using

Arduino

The main concept behind the Smart Dustbin using Arduino project is Object Detection. The
Ultrasonic Sensor is placed on front face of the dustbin and when the sensor detects any object
like a human hand, it will trigger Arduino to open the lid
 4.Circuit Diagram
The following image shows the circuit diagram of the Smart Dustbin using Arduino. It is a very
simple design as the project involves only two components other than Arduino.
 5.Components Required
● Arduino UNO 
● HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor Module  
● TowerPro SG90 Servo Motor  
● Connecting Wires 
● 5V Power Supply  
● A small dustbin with hinged lid  
● Miscellaneous (glue, plastic tube, etc.)  

SOFTWARE
● ARDUINO IDE
 5.1.Ultrasonic Sensors
As shown in Figure 1 Ultrasonic sensors work by sending out a sound wave at a frequency
above the range of human hearing.  The transducer of the sensor acts as a microphone to
receive and send the ultrasonic sound. Our ultrasonic sensors, like many others, use a single
transducer to send a pulse and to receive the echo.  The sensor determines the distance to a
target by measuring time lapses between the sending and receiving of the ultrasonic pulse.
Figure 2 shows the pin configuration for ultrasonic sensor module (HC-SRO4) which includes.
● Vcc (5 volt Supply )
● Trigger pin
● Echo pin
● Gnd (0volt)
Ultrasonic Sensor Specifications
● Length: 4.5 cm (1 ¾ in)
● Width: 2.0 cm (¾ in)
● Height: 1.4 cm (½ in)
● Typical price: Around $4
● Supply voltage: 5V
● Operating voltages: 3V or 5V (trigger), 5V all other I/O ports
● Working current: 15mA
● Operating range: 2 cm to 400 cm (1 in – 13 ft)
● Claimed precision: 0.3cm, more realistically: 1cm
● Measuring angle: 15 degrees
● Quiescent Current : : <2mA
● Working Current: 15mA
● Effectual Angle: <15°
● Ranging Distance : 2cm – 400 cm/1″ 13ft
● Resolution : 0.3 cm
● Measuring Angle: 30 degree
● Trigger Input Pulse width: 10uS

5.2.Servo Motor
A servo motor is an electrical device which can push or rotate an object with great precision. If
you want to rotate an object at some specific angles or distance, then you use servo motor. It is
just made up of simple motor which run through servo mechanism. If motor is used is DC
powered then it is called DC servo motor, and if it is AC powered motor then it is called AC
servo motor. We can get a very high torque servo motor in a small and light weight packages.
Due to these features they are being used in many applications like toy cars, RC helicopters and
planes, Robotics, Machine etc.

 Figure 3 displaying the internal infrastructure of the servo motor and figure 4 shows the
angular rotation of the servo motor that how it will perform its angular rotations when a signal
will be provided by microcontroller.

Tiny and lightweight with high output power. Servo can rotate approximately 180 degrees (90
in each direction), and works just like the standard kinds but smaller. You can use any servo
code, hardware or library to control these servos. Good for beginners who want to make stuff
move without building a motor controller with feedback & gear box, especially since it will fit in
small places. It comes with a 3 horns (arms) and hardware.

Micro Servo 9G Specifications

● Weight: 9 g
● Dimension: 22.2 x 11.8 x 31 mm approx.
● Stall torque: 1.8 kgf·cm
● Operating speed: 0.1 s/60 degree
 ● Operating voltage: 4.8 V (~5V)
● Dead band width: 10 μs
● Temperature range: 0 ºC – 55 ºC Position “0” (1.5 ms pulse) is middle, “90” (~2ms pulse) is all the
way to the left. ms pulse) is all the way to the right, “”-90″ (~1ms pulse) is all the way to the left.

Basic Information Modulation:

● Analog Torque: 4.8V: 25.0 oz-in (1.80 kg-cm)

● Speed: 4.8V: 0.10 sec/60°
● Weight: 0.32 oz (9.0 g)
● Dimensions: Length: 0.91 in (23.1 mm)
● Width: 0.48 in (12.2 mm)
● Height:1.14 in (29.0 mm)
● Motor Type: 3-pole Gear Type: Plastic
● Rotation/Support: Bushing

Additional Specifications
● Rotational Range: 180°
● Pulse Cycle: ca. 20 ms
● Pulse Width: 500-2400 µs
 5.3.Arduino UNO
Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics projects. Arduino consists of
both a physical programmable circuit board (often referred to as a microcontroller) and a piece
of software, or IDE (Integrated Development Environment) that runs on your computer, used to
write and upload computer code to the physical board.
The Arduino platform has become quite popular with people just starting out with electronics,
and for good reason. Unlike most previous programmable circuit boards, the Arduino does not
need a separate piece of hardware (called a programmer) in order to load new code onto the
board — you can simply use a USB cable. Additionally, the Arduino IDE uses a simplified version
of C++, making it easier to learn to program. Finally, Arduino provides a standard form factor
that breaks out the functions of the micro-controller into a more accessible package.
The Uno is one of the more popular boards in the Arduino family and a great choice for
beginners. The Arduino hardware and software was designed for artists, designers, hobbyists,
hackers, newbies, and anyone interested in creating interactive objects or environments.
Arduino can interact with buttons, LEDs, motors, speakers, GPS units, cameras, the internet,
and even your smart-phone or you’re TV! This flexibility combined with the fact that the
Arduino software is free, the hardware boards are pretty cheap, and both the software and
hardware are easy to learn has led to a large community of users who have contributed code
and released instructions for a huge variety of Arduino-based projects.

What’s on the board?

There are many varieties of Arduino boards that can be used for different purposes. Some
boards look a bit different from the one below, but most Arduino have the majority of these
components in common:
Power (USB / Barrel Jack)
Every Arduino board needs a way to be connected to a power source. The Arduino UNO can be
powered from a USB cable coming from your computer or a wall power supply that is
terminated in a barrel jack. In the picture above the USB connection is labeled (1) and the
barrel jack is labeled.
The USB connection is also how you will load code onto your Arduino board. More on how to
program with Arduino

NOTE: Do NOT use a power supply greater than 20 Volts as you will overpower (and thereby
destroy) you’re Arduino. The recommended voltage for most Arduino models is between 6 and
12 Volts.

Pins (5V, 3.3V, GND, Analog, Digital, PWM, AREF)

The pins on your Arduino are the places where you connect wires to construct a circuit
(probably in conjunction with a breadboard and some wire. They usually have black plastic
‘headers’ that allow you to just plug a wire right into the board. The Arduino has several
different kinds of pins, each of which is labeled on the board and used for different functions.
● GND (3): Short for ‘Ground’. There are several GND pins on the Arduino, any of which can be used to
ground your circuit.
● 5V (4) & 3.3V (5): As you might guess, the 5V pin supplies 5 volts of power, and the 3.3V pin supplies
3.3 volts of power. Most of the simple components used with the Arduino run happily off of 5 or 3.3
volts.
● Analog (6): The area of pins under the ‘Analog In’ label (A0 through A5 on the UNO) are Analog In
pins. These pins can read the signal from an analog sensor (like a temperature sensor) and convert it
into a digital value that we can read.
 ● Digital (7): Across from the analog pins are the digital pins (0 through 13 on the UNO). These pins can
be used for both digital input (like telling if a button is pushed) and digital output (like powering an
LED).
● PWM (8): You may have noticed the tilde (~) next to some of the digital pins (3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11 on
the UNO). These pins act as normal digital pins, but can also be used for something called Pulse-
Width Modulation (PWM). Think of these pins as being able to simulate analog output (like fading an
LED in and out).
● AREF (9): Stands for Analog Reference. Most of the time you can leave this pin alone. It is sometimes
used to set an external reference voltage (between 0 and 5 Volts) as the upper limit for the analog
input pins.

Reset Button
Just like the original Nintendo, the Arduino has a reset button (10). Pushing it will temporarily
connect the reset pin to ground and restart any code that is loaded on the Arduino. This can be
very useful if your code doesn’t repeat, but you want to test it multiple times. Unlike the
original Nintendo however, blowing on the Arduino doesn’t usually fix any problems.

Power LED Indicator

Just beneath and to the right of the word “UNO” on your circuit board, there’s a tiny LED next
to the word ‘ON’ (11). This LED should light up whenever you plug your Arduino into a power
source. If this light doesn’t turn on, there’s a good chance something is wrong. Time to re-check
your circuit!

TX RX LEDs
TX is short for transmit, RX is short for receive. These markings appear quite a bit in electronics
to indicate the pins responsible for serial communication. In our case, there are two places on
the Arduino UNO where TX and RX appear — once by digital pins 0 and 1, and a second time
next to the TX and RX indicator LEDs (12). These LEDs will give us some nice visual indications
whenever our Arduino is receiving or transmitting data (like when we’re loading a new program
onto the board).

Main IC
The black thing with all the metal legs is an IC, or Integrated Circuit (13). Think of it as the brains
of our Arduino. The main IC on the Arduino is slightly different from board type to board type,
but is usually from the ATmega line of IC’s from the ATMEL Company. This can be important, as
you may need to know the IC type (along with your board type) before loading up a new
program from the Arduino software. This information can usually be found in writing on the top
side of the IC. If you want to know more about the difference between various IC’s, reading the
datasheets is often a good idea.
Voltage Regulator
The voltage regulator (14) is not actually something you can (or should) interact with on the
Arduino. But it is potentially useful to know that it is there and what it’s for. The voltage
regulator does exactly what it says — it controls the amount of voltage that is let into the
Arduino board. Think of it as a kind of gatekeeper; it will turn away an extra voltage that might
harm the circuit. Of course, it has its limits, so don’t hook up your Arduino to anything greater
than 20 volts.

OBJECTIVES:-
 The main objective of this project is to

● Design and build a prototype for an automatic open dustbin that can automatically open the lid
when it detects the people who want to throw out their trash. It also can detect the level of the trash
that inside the dustbin.
● To get familiar with the Arduino and the respective sensors how to use them for a cause.
● To analysis the dustbin program and set it up according to the physical distance for best Working.
 5.4.Connecting Wires

Jumper wires are employed in this project to connect the circuit.

A jump wire (also known as jumper, jumper wire, jumper cable, DuPont wire or
cable) is an electrical wire, or group of them in a cable, with a connector or pin at
each end (or sometimes without them – simply "tinned"), which is normally used
to interconnect the components of a breadboard or other prototype or test
circuit, internally or with other equipment or components, without soldering.
Individual jump wires are fitted by inserting their "end connectors" into the slots
provided in a breadboard, the header connector of a circuit board, or a piece of
test equipment.

5.5.POWER SUPPLY
A 9V battery with connector is used to power the smart dustbin

5.6.Arduino IDE(software)

The Arduino Integrated Development Environment - or Arduino Software (IDE) -

contains a text editor for writing code, a message area, a text console, a toolbar with
buttons for common functions and a series of menus. It connects to the Arduino and
Genuino hardware to upload programs and communicate with them.
 6.CODE
The code for the project How to Smart Dustbin using Arduino is given below.
#include <Servo.h> //servo library

Servo servo;

int trigPin = 5;

int echoPin = 6;

int servoPin = 7;

int led= 10;

long duration, dist, average;

long aver[3]; //array for average

void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600);

servo.attach(servoPin);

pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);

pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);

servo.write(0); //close cap on power on

delay(1000);

servo.detach();

}
void measure() {

digitalWrite(10,HIGH);

digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

delayMicroseconds(5);

digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);

delayMicroseconds(15);

digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);

duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);

dist = (duration/2) / 29.1; //obtain distance

void loop() {

for (int i=0;i<=2;i++) { //average distance

measure();

aver[i]=dist;

delay(10); //delay between measurements

dist=(aver[0]+aver[1]+aver[2])/3;

if ( dist<50 ) {

//Change distance as per your need

servo.attach(servoPin);

delay(1);

servo.write(0);

delay(3000);

servo.write(150);

delay(1000);

servo.detach();

}
Serial.print(dist);

7.Working
After setting up the Smart Dustbin and making all the necessary connections, upload the
code to Arduino and provide 5V power supply to the circuit. Once the system is
powered ON, Arduino keeps monitoring for any object near the Ultrasonic Sensor.

If the Ultrasonic Sensor detects any object like a hand for example, Arduino calculates
its distance and if it less than a certain predefined value, Arduino will activate the Servo
Motor and with the support of the extended arm, it will list the lid open.

After certain time, the lid is automatically closed.

 8.OUTPUT

Front view
SIDE VIEW
 BACK VIEW
9.Conclusion

 A simple but useful project called Smart Dustbin using Arduino is designed and
developed here. Using this project, the lid of the dustbin stays closed, so that waste is
not exposed (to avoid flies and mosquitos) and when you want dispose any waste, it will
automatically open the lid.