Assignment #4

Advanced Engineering Mathematics II

Fall 1400

1. Each student is asked to refer to his or her own discipline and delineate a physical process thereby
the governing equation can be classified as a system of first-order, linear, almost linear or semi-
linear, quasi-linear, and homogeneous or non-homogeneous PDEs. Try to be as specific as possible.

2. Let u = (u1 , u2 )T = (u, v)T . Describe and classify each of the following systems of equations
using the terminologies, linear, almost linear or semi-linear, quasi-linear, and homogeneous or non-
homogeneous for your classification. Then, classify the corresponding system as either elliptic,
parabolic, or hyperbolic via the method cited. Finally, identify the corresponding characteristic and
compatibility equations.

a. Cramer rule method.

(
4 ∂u
∂x
+ ∂v
∂x
− 6 ∂u
∂t
+ 3 ∂v
∂t
= 0
2 ∂u
∂x
+ ∂v
∂x
+ 5 ∂u
∂t
+ 3 ∂v
∂t
= 0

b. Algebraic or linear combination method.

(
4 ∂u
∂x
+ ∂v
∂x
− 6 ∂u
∂t
+ 3 ∂v
∂t
= 2u2 + 7v
2 ∂u
∂x
+ ∂v
∂x
+ 5 ∂u
∂t
+ 3 ∂v
∂t
= u − 9v 3

c. Eigenvalue method.
(
eu ∂u
∂x
∂v
− 2 ∂x + ∂u
∂t
− 3 ∂v
∂t
= v
∂u ∂v ∂v
∂x
− 4 ∂x + ∂t
= u

3. Let u = (u1 , u2 , u3 )T = (u, v, w)T . Describe and classify the following system of equations
using the terminologies, linear, almost linear or semi-linear, quasi-linear, and homogeneous or non-
homogeneous for your classification. Then, classify the corresponding system as either elliptic,
parabolic, or hyperbolic via the methods cited in class. Finally, identify the corresponding charac-
teristic and compatibility equations.

1
 

 3 ∂u
∂x
+ ∂u
∂t
= 0
∂v ∂w ∂v
∂x
+ ∂x
+ ∂t
= 0

∂v
2 ∂x + 4 ∂w + ∂w
= 0

∂x ∂t

4. The general structure of single, second-order, quasi-linear, non-homogeneous PDE can be written
as:

∂ 2u ∂ 2u ∂ 2u ∂u ∂u
a 2
+ 2b + c 2
+d +e =f
∂x ∂x∂y ∂y ∂x ∂y
(a) Use an appropriate transformation to convert the above equation into two first-order equations
in terms of φ = φ(x, y) and ψ = ψ(x, y).
(b) Use the methods cited in class to classify the resulting system of first-order, quasi-linear, non-
homogeneous PDEs.

5. Show that the one-dimensional second-order wave equation wtt − c2 wxx = 0 can be expressed as a
system of first-order equations of the form:

(a) ut − cux = v, vt + cvx = 0;

(b) vx = ut , vt = c2 ux
(c) Use the methods cited in class to classify the resulting system of first-order, quasi-linear, non-
homogeneous PDEs.

6. You are asked to search the literature and delineate a methodology for analytical solution of sys-
tem of first-order, linear, almost linear or semi-linear, quasi-linear, and homogeneous or non-
homogeneous PDEs thereby the governing equation is assumed to be parabolic and/or elliptic PDEs.

7. Use the method of characteristics to solve the following initial-value problem:

a. (
2 ∂u
∂x
+ ∂v
∂x
+ ∂u
∂t
= 0
2 ∂u
∂x
+ ∂v
3 ∂x + ∂v
∂t
= 0

subject to the initial conditions:

u(x, 0) = sin x, v(x, 0) = cos x

b. Can we utilize the same approach for the case when the governing system is non-homogeneous
and the non-homogeneous term is variable even in terms of state variable?

8. Reconsider the system of equations tackled in class:

2
 (
3 ∂u
∂x
1
+ 2 ∂u
∂x
2
+ ∂u1
∂t
+ ∂u2
∂t
= 0
5 ∂u
∂x
1
+ 2 ∂u
∂x
2
− ∂u1
∂t
+ ∂u2
∂t
= 0

subject to the following initial conditions:

u1 (x, 0) = f1 (x) = sin x, u2 (x, 0) = f2 (x) = ex

Develop the solution by the method of undetermined coefficients as follows:

(a) Show that for a solution of the form:

u1 (x, t) = af (x − λ1 t) + bg(x − λ1 t) + cf (x − λ2 t) + dg(x − λ2 t)

u2 (x, t) = αf (x − λ1 t) + βg(x − λ1 t) + γf (x − λ2 t) + δg(x − λ2 t)

the initial conditions require:

a + c = 1; α+γ =0

b + d = 0; β+δ =1

(b) Show that for the first-order equations Aux + But = 0 to hold, it must be the case that:
" # " #
a b
(A − λ1 B) = 0; (A − λ1 B) =0
α β
" # " #
c d
(A − λ2 B) = 0; (A − λ2 B) =0
γ δ

where λ1 = −1 and λ2 = 2
(c) Use part (b) to conclude that:

4a + 3α = 0; 4b + 3β = 0; c = 0; d=0

(d) Use the equations from part (a) and (c) to obtain the solution to the original system of PDEs.

9. Beginning with the system:

(
∂η
∂t
+ H ∂u
∂x
= 0
∂u ∂η
∂t
+ g ∂x = 0

Show that utt − c2 uxx = 0 and ηtt − c2 ηxx = 0 and identify the constant c.

3
10. Given the wave maker model equations in the form:
(
∂η
∂t
+ H ∂u
∂x
= 0 x > 0, t>0
∂u ∂η
∂t
+ g ∂x = 0 x > 0, t>0

ICs: η(x, 0) = 0 = u(x, 0), x>0

(
π
sin ωt, 0<t< ω
UBC: u(0, t) = π
0, t> ω

Use the method of characteristic to obtain the solution. Give a physical interpretation of your
results.

11. As part of experimentations, Homayoon et al. (2013) used an analytical case as benchmark solution
to verify their newly developed numerical scheme so called RB-DQM. You are asked to read the
cited paper in some detail and then conduct the following:

(a) Prepare a half-page critics on problem statement concerning Example #1;

(b) Derive the analytical solution cited on page 50 stated as Equations #18.

References
Homayoon, L., Abedini, M. J. and Hashemi, M. R. (2013). RBF-DQ solution for shallow water equa-
tions, J. Waterw. Port C. Div., ASCE 139(1): 1–16.

4
Thought for The Day

The Top 10 Paradox of Leadership

Doing the right thing won’t always win you the prize—life is full of compromise and even
disappointment. True leaders know that the right thing is reward in itself, and eventually other
rewards and recognition will follow.

1. People are sometimes illogical, unreasonable, and self-centered. Love them anyway.
2. If you do good, people might accuse you of selfish, ulterior motives. Do good anyway.
3. If you are successful, you can win false friends and true enemies. Succeed anyway.
4. The good you do today may be forgotten tomorrow. Do good anyway.
5. Honesty and frankness can make you vulnerable. Be honest anyway.
6. The biggest people with the biggest ideas can be shot down by the smallest people with
the smallest ideas. Think big anyway.
7. People favor underdogs but follow top dogs. Fight for the underdogs anyway.
8. What you spend years building may be destroyed overnight. Build anyway.
9. People who need help may attack you if you help them. Help them anyway.
10. Give the world the best you have and you may get kicked in the teeth. Give your best
anyway.

Due date: Tuesday 9th Azar, 1400 at 12:00am