PROJECT REPORT

STRUCTURAL DESIGN BASIS REPORT

Of
G+24 Project

Prepared by
Shobhit Mohta

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Table of Contents

1. Foreword .................................................................................................................................3

2. Project Description............................................................................................. 3

3. List of Codes .................................................................................................... 4

4. Design Parameters ................................................................................................................... 9

5. Proposed Approach of Structural Analysis………………..……………………….……....15

6. Load Combinations ........................................................................................... 16

7. Design of Structural Elements ............................................................................ 15

8. Stability of Structures…………………………………………………………………….…15

9. Value Engineering Exercises ............................................................................... 19

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1. Foreword

The intent of this document is to identify and record all the pertinent input requirements,
analysis & design criteria for structural design of the building. It is aimed at formulating the
basis of the structural analysis work that the Structural Engineer is planning in delivering the
structural scheme of the building. The scheme will be compatible with the architectural
theme, satisfy the functional needs, at the same time conforming to the Indian Standards and
other applicable building norms to achieve safe, stable, strong and yet optimally economic
structures.

This report covers the minimum design requirement to establish the unified design basis that
will form the overall design philosophy to be adopted in the structural design of the proposed
building.

2.0 Project Description

Project : Residential project

Location : Mumbai

2.1 Overall Project Description

The proposed structure comprises of Ground floor +24 Typical Floors, Terrace and OHT

The building is essentially a R.C.C. framed structure. The columns are connected to each
other with a network of beams and slabs with the slabs acting as in-plane rigid diaphragms
for each of the floors.

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2.2 Detail Description of Building:

Plan Dimensions: 33.45 m in X-Direction, 11.64 m in Y-Direction

Typical residential floors: 24 Floors + Terrace + OHT & LMR

The floor height of the all floors is 2.9m.

Site Environment Data

Temperature: Max .35˚c Min 20˚c

Wind direction & basic wind pressure: As per IS 875 (Part III)

ARCHITECTURAL PLAN

STRUCTURAL PLAN

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CENTERLINE PLAN

3.0 List of Codes

In the analysis, design and detailing of the building, the latest editions of following Indian
Standards will be referred.

IS Code Description

Dead Loads - Unit Weight of Building

IS 875(Part 1): 1987
Material and Stored Material
IS 875(Part 2): 1987 Imposed Loads

IS Code. Description.

IS 456: 2000 Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of practice

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IS 1893:2016(PART-1) Criteria for earthquake resistance design of structures.

Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures

IS 13920: 2016 subjected to Seismic Forces - Code of Practice.

Software Input Data in ETABS Model

4.0 Design Parameters

4.1 Materials of Construction

The building is RCC frame structure with Footing, columns, beams, floor slabs.

Concrete
The minimum Grade of Concrete in all RCC structural members shall be M: 40.

However, the Grade of Concrete in RCC shear walls shall be M: 40 for each floor levels.

Concrete of Grade M: 40 shall be used in filling, plum concrete, leveling courses and other
non-structural items.

Density of reinforced concrete is assumed as 25 kN/m³

Minimum cement content, water cement ratio etc. shall conform to IS 456:2000 provisions
for durability and strength criteria.

Cement:
Ordinary Portland cement of grade 43, grade 53 or higher confirming to IS 8112 and IS
12269are specified for concrete grade M40.

Aggregates:

The sizes of coarse aggregates conform to IS 383. Nominal maximum size of coarse
aggregate shall be 20 mm, suitably graded as per the requirement of mix design.

The fine aggregates conform to the specifications of IS 515.

Water:

Mixing Water shall conform to IS 456: 2000.

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Reinforcement
High yield strength deformed bars conforming to IS 1786 with fy = 500 N/ sq.mm.

4.2 Section parameters

Sr.no Element Size Concrete Grade

1) Beam 300mmx450mm M 40
300mmx600mm
300mmx700mm
300mmx800mm
2) Column -------------------- M 40

3) Slab 1) Habitual 125mm Thick M 40

2) Terrace Slab 150mm Thick
3) Staircase 200mm Thick
4) OHT & LMR 200mm Thick
5) Washroom 150mm Thick
4) Shear Wall 230mm Thick M 40
300mm thick
350mm thick
400mm Thick

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Etabs modelling

End releases of beams (M22 & M33)

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4.3 Loading Parameters

4.2.1 Self-Weights
Self-weight of the structural members will be considered on the basis of the
following properties, will be calculated by program only

Density of reinforced concrete 25 KN/cu.m

Density of plain concrete 24 KN/cu.m

Plum concrete

Density of steel 78.5 KN/cu.m

Density of floor finishes / plasters 21 KN/cu.m

Density of soil 18 KN/cu.m

Density of concrete block 21 KN/cu.m

Dead load (DL):

Dead load including self-weight of various materials & finished items relevant to the design
work and shall be considered as per IS: 875 (Part I). Suspended loads if any such as cable
tray, piping & lighting fixtures shall also be considered as dead loads.

4.3.2 Imposed Gravity Loads on floors

The loads assumed to be imposed by the intended use of occupancy of a building including
weight of movable partitions, distributed / concentrated loads, loads due to impact &
vibrations & dust load etc. shall be considered. Reference shall be made to IS 875 (Part II).

Reduction of imposed loads on column & main beams shall be considered as per CL No’s 4.1
of IS – 1893 & 3.2.1 of IS – 875 (Part II)

The following are the imposed gravity loads adopted in addition to the self-weight.

(Self-weight of slab / beam / column will be as per the dimensions adopted in the respective
drawings.Floor finishes of 50mm thickness have been considered on all floors.

Terraces:
Thickness (mm) =150

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Load Component UDL (kN/m2)

(Water-Proofing) 2
Dead Load
Live Load 3

Toilets:
Thickness (mm) =150
Load Component UDL (kN/m2)

(Sunk & Filled) 3

Dead LOAD
Live Load 2

Bedrooms:
Thickness (mm) =125
Load Component UDL (kN/m2)

Dead 1.5

Live Load 2

Lobbies:

Thickness (mm) =150

Load Component UDL (kN/m2)

Dead load 1.5

Live Load 3

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Staircase:

Thickness (mm) =200mm

Load UDL (kN/m2)
Component

Dead load 3

Live Load 3

OHT and LMR:

Thickness (mm) =200mm

Load UDL (kN/m2)
Component

Dead load 10 & 20

Live Load 0.75

Water tank Slab (OHT) Calculations

Floor no. = 24
Flats no. in each floor = 8
Considering 2 Persons in each flat
Total Persons in each floor= 2x8= 16 Persons
Total Persons in Building =16x24 = 384 Persons
Considering 135 LPCD as standard, From the UDPFI Guidelines
Required water for 384 Persons = 384 x 135 lpcd = 51840 Litres for One day

Therefore,
Volume of water tank = 51840/1000 = 51.84 m3

Dead Load of Water = 51.84 x 1000 = 51840 (Density of water = 1000kg/m)

51840 x 0.00981 =508.55 kN

508.55/ ((4.75x3.4)+(8.25x2.15)) = 15 Taking Dead Load as 20kN/m2

Live Load = 0.75 kN/m2

Self - Weight of Different Walls:

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Here we used Light weight blocks For Exterior, Interior and Parapet walls of thickness
(150mm)
Because they are light in weight decreases the building overall self-weight also they are fire
resistive in nature and easy to install makes the construction process faster

Wall Type Thickness (mm) UDL (kN/m2)

External Wall& Internal DL=wall thick X density of

partition walls block X (Floor Height-
Beam depth)

Primary Walls 200 3.45 kN/m²

Secondary Walls 200 3.45 kN/m²

Parapet wall 150 1.5 kN/m²

EARTHQUAKE LOAD-
(As per IS 1893-2016)
Damping Ratio= 5%
Mass Source= DL=1
LL=0.25 …… (As per IS1893-2016 Table 10)

Zone = 3 Zone Factor = 0.16 (Table 3)

Soil Type = Medium (2) (Table 4)
Importance Factor = 1.2 (Table 8)
Response Reduction Factor= 5 (Table 9)

Time Period=0.09h/√d ……..(Clause no 7.6.2 C for Rcc building with in filled Walls)

h=78.3 m dx =33.45 m dy=11.65 m

At X direction = 0.09h/√d
= 0.09 x 78.3 / √33.45 = 1.22 Sec

At Y Direction = 0.09h/√d
= 0.09 x 78.3/ √11.65 = 2.09 Sec

Base Shear (Vb) = Ah x W (IS1893:2016 Clause 7.6.1)

Ah= (Sa/g x I x Z/2)/ R

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Sa/g = 2.5, I= 1.2, R=5, Z=0.16

Ah = 0.04
w = Seismic Weight of the building

Base Shear (Vb) = 0.04x w

WIND LOAD CALCULATIONS

Vb Basic wind velocity for banglore = 44m/s(As per IS875 Part 3 Appendix A)
Terrain category=2

h= 93.15m l= 63.25m w= 23.83m

For Wx ForWy
Windward coeff. = 0.85 Windward Coeff. = 0.75
Leeward coeff. = 0.75 Leeward Coeff. = 0.85 ………. (IS 875 Part 3 Table
4)

Design wind speed Vz = Vb x K1 x K2 x K3………. (As per IS 875: Part 3 Clause 5.3)

K1 Risk coefficient for a design life of 50 years = 1.00

K3 Topography factor = 1.00

TEMPERATURE LOAD
For terrace slab temperature load is considered. Temperature change= (Maximum Day time

Temperature – Minimum night time Temperature) = (30-20) =100 C for slab and beams.

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ANALYSIS

5.0 Proposed Approach of Structural Analysis

The building is a columns and beam, slab frame structure.

After preliminary sizing of various structural members, a computer model of the structural
frame
of the building will be generated for carrying out computer analysis for the effects of vertical
and lateral load that are likely to be imposed on the structure.
The building structure will be analyzed using the ETABS-16.2.1 software.

This software has been thoroughly tested, validated and recognized internationally by several
organizations and is well suited for the analysis of building systems.

Geometrical dimensions, member properties and member-node connectivity, including

eccentricities will be modeled in the analysis problem. Variation in material grades, if
present, will also be considered.

The permissible values of the load factors and stresses will be utilized within the purview of
the Indian Standards.

The computer analysis will evaluate individual internal member forces, reactions at
foundation level and deflection pattern of the entire structure and in the individual members.
This data will then be used to verify adequacy of the member sizes adopted and after further
iterations arrive at the most appropriate design of the structural members. Some re-runs of the
analysis program might be required for arriving at the optimum structural space frame
characteristics that satisfy the strength and stability criteria in all respects.
Space frame analysis will be carried out for gravity loads

Value Engineering Exercises

In order to optimize the material consumption, sample analysis and design exercises have
been undertaken with different combinations of member sizes and the required reinforcement
and formwork will be estimated. Results of these exercises have been considered in arriving
at the structural scheme of the building.
Based on the stiffness modification factor, analysis and design was carried out in 3
different models.
Uncracked Model: Used for Modal and deflection analysis.

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Service Model: Used for lateral stability checks

Strength Model : Used for Design of all the members

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ETABS 3D-model of building

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Meshing:

We have used size of meshing 0 .3 m in the thin shell slab elements

Diaphragm:

We used rigid diaphragm in order to calculate the diaphragm eccentricities and wind load

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Analysis Results

Modal Participation mass ratios

Risk Indicators:

P delta analysis: (Considered)

P-delta is secondary effect on shear forces and bending moment of lateral force resisting
elements generated under the action of vertical gravity loads interacting with the lateral
displacement of building resulting from the seismic effects.
This additional demand is in addition to the earthquake shear demands.
Factor taken 1.5 for dead load in P delta analysis

.
Deflection Checks
Maximum deflection against cantilever or any individual element allowed span/350 or 20mm

=2.15x1000/350m= 6.14mm
= 6.14 mm (allowable)

Deflection in slab- deflection in column

= (11.92-11.05)*3
= 2.61
Actual deflection due to creep < (deflection in building)

Check Calculations Values Limits

Deflection 3265/350 2.61 6.14

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STABILITY CHECKS

1. Inter Story Drift ratio should be less than 0.004

For Spec x = 0.0004<0.004
For Spec y = 0.0007 <0.004……… SAFE

2. Maximum deflection allowed against wind is H/500.

Wx = 19.72 < 156mm 78.3x1000/500 = 156 mm

Wy = 19.72 < 156mm ……… SAFE

3.Maximum deflectionallowed against earthquake is H/250

78.3x1000/250 = 313 mm
Spec x = 25.84 mm < 313
Spec y = 44.25mm < 313……….SAFE

4. Guideline for Fundamental time period = 0.1 x N

Time period = 2.778 Sec 0.1 x 27 = 2.7

5. 1st mode of vibration is performed to be translation mode.

Rz= 4 %

4 % < 5% ……… Safe

6.0 Load Combinations

The results obtained from the computer analysis in the form of member forces and reactions
will be used for design the structural members. Following load combinations of the member
forces will be considered for arriving at the design forces.

Load combinations

1.5D

1.5D+1.5L

1.5 D + 1.5 SPECX/SPECY

1.2 D + 1.2 LL + 1.2 SPEC X/SPECY

0.9D + 1.5 SPECX/ SPECY

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All members will be designed for the largest value of the design forces obtained due to
positive as well as negative values of reversible forces

All concrete members are passed

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7.0 Design of Structural Elements

For the design of R.C.C. elements, the Limit State Method will be used as per IS 456-2000.

Materials of construction will be predominantly concrete with consideration for strength and
durability. The minimum grade of concrete is suggested as M: 40.

High Yield Strength Deformed bars conforming to IS: 1786 with fy = 500 MPa.

Covers to reinforcement shall be in accordance with IS: 456:2000 corresponding to moderate

exposure conditions for the super-structure or severe exposure conditions for the sub-
structure and to satisfy a fire rating of 2 hrs.

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

OF
FOUNDATION SYSTEM

Pile cap modeling in autocad 3d

FOUNDATION DETAILS

Safe bearing capacity = 110 kN/m2

Material = M30
Foundation Recommended = Pile footing

Clear cover top = 50 mm

Bottom = 50mm

Allowable settlement = 5 mm

Slab Thickness: 1) Pile cap 1500mm

2) Pile cap 2000mm
3) Pile cap 2500mm
4) Pile cap 3000mm

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Foundation Layout in SAFE

Slab Properties: view by section properties

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Check for settlement –

Max Settlement = 4.81 mm < 5 mm …SAFE

Check for soil pressure-

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Max point reaction < 1200 & 1700 Kn/m2 ...SAFE

Punching shear check -

Punching on pile cap due to piles < 1(safe)

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Punching shear stress is checked for each shear wall at a distance d/2 from the wall face.
Max allowable punching stress = 0.25√fck x ks …… (IS 456 : 2000)
Ks= 0.5 + βc
βc = ratio of shorter dimension to longer dimension of column or shear wall
Sufficient raft depth provided to satisfy punching criteria

Reinforcement Calculation:
Footing design is performed based on IS 456: 2000. The reinforcement requirement is
calculated for every individual footing. Since every footing is isolated, only bottom
reinforcement is required. Combined footings are provided where the isolated footings
overlapped. In combined footings, both bottom and top reinforcement are provided. The extra
requirement for reinforcement in critical areas is provided in the form of additional mesh
calculated manually.

Provide 16mm bars @250 mm c/c in dirn 1-1 top side

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Provide 16mm bars @250 mm c/c in dirn 2-2 top side

Provide 20mm bars @125 mm c/c in dirn 1-1 bottom side

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Provide 20mm bars @150 mm c/c in dirn 2-2 bottom side

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