Project Report - IoT Based Smart Door System

IOT Based Smart Door Lock System
A project report submitted to

Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Anantapur, Ananthapuramu
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING
By
Mr. K. Surya Chandra 14121A1034
Ms. M. Sowmya Chowdary 14121A1050
under the guidance of

Mr. C. Ravindra Murthy, MTech (Ph.D.)
Assistant professor
Dept. of EIE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

SREE VIDYANIKETHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(AUTONOMOUS)
Sree Sainath Nagar, A. Rangampeta-517102.
2014-2018
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SREE VIDYANIKETHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(Autonomous)
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I take this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to our beloved chairman Dr. M. Mohan
Babu, who took keen interest and encouraged us in every effort throughout the course.
I show my sincere gratitude to our honorable Principal Dr. P. C. Krishnamachary, for

permitting us to use the facilities available to accomplish the project successfully.
I am grateful to thank Prof. M. Saravanan , Head of the Department of Electronics and

Instrumentation Engineering, for being a source of inspiration and encouragement throughout my
study in college.
I sincerely express our deepest gratitude and heartfelt thanks to our supervisor Mr. C. Ravindra
Murthy, M.TECH (ph.D) Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, who
helped us very much for giving his kind of attention, valuable guidance, suggestions and
encouragement to do our project. I am very much grateful to project coordinator and all the
faculty members of the EIE department for their value based imparting of the theory and
practical subjects, which I have put to use in my project work.
Finally, I would like to take this opportunity to specially thank my parents for their kind help,
encouragement and moral support. Last, but not least, I would like to thank all my friends who
extended their help either directly or indirectly in project work.
Batch Members
K. Surya Chandra (14121A1034)
M. Sowmya (14121A1050)
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ABSTRACT
The IoT means the technology of interacting between people and people and between people and
things. In terms of its definition, the IoT consists of Things oriented technology, Internet-
oriented technology. The IoT products and services have continued to be demanded in diverse
industries, and thus the added-value creation is expected to rise to 39% in 2020, from 26% in
2015. Regarding the percentage of each industry, the manufacturing and health-care industries
are predicted to reach 15%; the insurance, banking, and security industries 11%; and the whole
and retail sales and computing service industries 8%. In the advanced information society, the
security issue of assets, information, and other facilities is very critical. Given that, it is
considered that the IoT technology will be applied more to security products to enhance security.
In applying the IoT technology, wireless communication based service is mostly provided.
Consequently, the exposure to security threats on communication, such as sniffing, can lead to
showing vulnerabilities. The interoperability technology of door lock is based on wireless
technology mostly. For the reason, to protect products against security threats, encryption
function is applied.
Application services based on information and communication technology has been actively
investigated in the knowledge information society. In particular, the most rapid growth can be
observed in convergence services which combine more than two elements for the same purpose.
Convergence services prove to represent Internet of Things (IoT) technology, as it enables all
objects to provide intelligent service and interactive communication through wired or wireless
networks. Furthermore, the IoT industry is deemed the core industrial field of the future. IoT
provides convenient and effective services in any place at any time, beyond the technical and
economical restrictions, as well as the temporal and spatial limits by providing services required
in various kinds of fields.
Accordingly, this paper proposes an approach to strengthen the security in the administrative
aspects of the locking device applied to the unmanned automated system used in the financial
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sector or domestic sector, by applying the server authentication method using a smart phone as
the repeater on its technological aspects.
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 3
ABSTRACT 4
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 7
1.1Introduction 7
1.2Problem Statement 8
1.2.1 Existing System
1.2.2 Limitations
1.3 Objectives 8
1.4 Proposed System 9
1.5 Project Features 9
1.6 Feasibility Analysis 10
1.6.1 Economic Feasibility
1.6.2 Technical Feasibility
1.6.3 Operational Feasibility
1.7 System Requirements 11
1.7.1 Hardware Requirements
1.7.2 Software Requirements
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY 16

2.1 Introduction 16
2.2 Password Based Systems 16
2.3 Biometric Based System 17
2.4 RFID Based Systems 17
2.5 Social Networking Sites Based Systems 18
2.6 Door Phone Based System 19
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2.7 Conclusion 19
CHAPTER 3: ANALYSIS 20
3.1 Detailed Statement of Problem 20
3.2 Hardware Requirements 21
3.2.1 ATMEGA328 Microcontroller
3.2.2 Passive Infrared Sensor
3.2.3 Relay driver IC (ULN 2003A)
3.2.4 Crystal Oscillator
3.2.5 Voltage regulator IC (7805 IC)
3.2.6 SPDT Relay
3.2.7 Bridge Rectifier

3.2.8 Arduino Programming
3.2.9 Electro Magnetic Lock
3.2.10 GSM
3.3 Working 35
3.4 Block Diagram 36
3.5 Schematic representation 37
3.6 Flow Chart 37
CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION 38
4.1 Future Extensions
4.2 Limitations
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CHAPTER 5: BIBLIOGRAPHY 39
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
Some time ago, while researching material regarding the Radio Frequency spectrum and possible
Internet of Things applications, I stumbled upon this article written by Mark A. McHenry,
Dennis Roberson and Robert J. Matheson, published in the IEEE Spectrum website. In the
article, the authors make a very interesting point regarding RF noise and the Internet of things:
the forecasted boom for IoT devices implies a drastic increase in operating wireless devices, due
to which the RF noise levels around us are bound to increase dramatically. RF noise is
undesirable because it can cause interference to communications, it increases the cost of
deploying new communications systems (shielding against noise), and ultimately RF pollution is
usually expensive (in time and resources) and hard to trace. However, in addition to the above
point, the authors mention that: there hasn’t been a systematic study of radio-frequency noise in
the United States since the mid-1970s, when the Institute for Telecommunication Sciences (ITS),
a part of the National Telecommunications and Information Administration, last monitored
federal use of the radio spectrum . Performing this kind of study is usually a difficult task that
requires expensive equipment, dedicated manpower and personnel with a certain level of
expertise. But perhaps the most critical aspect to this whole situation is data regarding RF noise
today. The authors close the article saying: This particular problem served as the starting point
for this project’s main objective. IoT, as an emerging and versatile technology, could be an
interesting approach to help fulfill the need to devise an effective way of collecting RF noise data
in order to conduct these kinds of studies.
The popularity of home automation has been increasing greatly in recent years due to
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considerable affordability and simplicity through smartphone and tablet connectivity. A home
automation system integrates electrical devices in a house with each other. The techniques
employed in home automation include those in building automation as well as the control of
domestic activities, such as lighting control system, and the use of other electrical appliances.
Devices may be connected through a home network to allow control by a personal computer, and
may allow remote access from the internet. Through the integration of information technologies
with the home environment, systems and appliances can communicate in an integrated manner
which results in convenience, energy efficiency, and safety benefits.
Due to the advancement of wireless technology, there are several different of connections are
introduced such as GSM, WIFI, and Bluetooth. Each of the connection has their own unique
specifications and applications. Among the four popular wireless connections that often
implemented in HA project, WIFI is being chosen with its suitable capability. The capabilities of
WIFI are more than enough to be implemented in the design. Also, most of the current
laptop/notebook or Smartphone come with built-in WIFI adapter. It will indirectly reduce the
cost of this system. This project forwards the design of home automation and security system
using Arduino, a credit sized computer. Arduino provides the features of a mini computer,
additional with its GPIO pins where other components and devices can be connected. GPIO
registers of Arduino are used for the output purposes. We need to design a power strip that can
be easily connected to GPIO Pins of the Arduino. The home appliances are connected to the
input/output ports of Arduino along with the power strip and their status is passed to the
Arduino. The android running OS in any phone connected to a network can access the status of
the home appliances via an application. It presents the design and implementation of automation
system that can monitor and control home appliances via android phone or table.
1.2 Problem Statement
Opening and closing of doors is always a important job, especially in places like shopping malls,
airports, hotels, lockers, hospitals, Banks and theatres where a person is always required to open
the door for visitors. Monitoring in camera, a person is able to open or close the door from their
smart phone.
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For people in wheelchairs (disabled persons), it is very difficult to open the door.
In warehouses and other facilities where people frequently have their hands full, contributing to
safety and efficiency by making it easier for people to get around.
1.2.1 Existing System
Wood is a natural insulator of heat because of which it cannot be destroyed by temperature.

Its insulating nature makes it an energy efficient material as it maintains the temperature inside
the room. A huge advantage of wooden frames is that they do not get rusted as compared to their
counter parts, themetal frames, wood requires less maintenance.
One reason why many architecture companies in Pakistan like wood is that it can be
easily polished and painted in any color Architects in Pakistan like using wood as a material for
doors and panels because it can be easily shaped in the way they want.
Latches and locks can be easily attached to the wooden doors. If good quality wood is used,
wooden doors have a long life. Apart from providing thermal insulation, wood also provides
noise insulation. Wood does not chip or crack easily. Wooden panels do not get dented as
compared to steel frames. Wooden frames and hinges provide a strong support to door, whereas
doors made of solid wood are extremely durable and sturdy.
1.2.2 Limitations
The requirement of internet on user side and door side and continuous power supply to door
circuit. One of the major disadvantages of wood is that it absorbs moisture because of which it
can easily rot. Wood does not get rusted, but it can be infested by termites and various insects.
Some small scale architecture companies in Pakistan might use bad quality timber in order to
save money. Panels and doors made of bad wood are weak and eventually corrode over time.
Good quality timber and hardwood can be very expensive. Even though varnish and paint can be
easily applied on wood, excessive moisture can cause bubbles to form on the surface, eventually
leading the paint to chip. Apart from destroying the structure of the door, a termite infestation
might result in the release of wooden dust which can cause allergy. Wood is indeed a beautiful
material and wooden doors give an ethnic and a classy appeal toyour house. But make sure that
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you carefully consider all the benefits and disadvantages of wood and choose only reputed
architecture companies in Pakistan before getting the doors installed.
1.3 Objectives
The main objectives of our project are as follows:
i. To remotely control door and monitoring external environment.

ii. To save time and utilize the energy efficiently.
1.4 Proposed System
Smart door system provides advance automation for owners. These systems are used to open the
door when a person comes to know about presence of person in front of the door through camera.
This project proposes a system of automatic opening and closing of door by sensing any body
movement near the door. This is achieved with the help of a ultrasonic sensor.
1.5 Project Features

The features of our project can be highlighted in following points:
i. Remote control of home appliances from anywhere using app.
ii. Continuous monitoring and security of home with camera module.
iii. Considerable reduction in electricity bills with efficient energy utilization.
1.6 Feasibility Analysis

This project can be implemented using affordable electronic and software technology making it
economically, technically and operationally feasible.
1.6.1 Economic Feasibility

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This project is based on android phone based and few electronic components like Arduino
microprocessor, camera modules, relay switches etc. which are affordable, making it
economically feasible to implement.
1.6.2 Technical Feasibility

This project is based on wireless technology and embedded system which are reasonably in
phase with currently used technology. Therefore, it is very much favoured by the technology.
1.6.3 Operational Feasibility

This software will have very easy to use, user friendly interface so it will be pretty much
operable by anyone having little experience of using android phone. It could be helpful for
physically disabled person too, controlling home appliances with the click of a button. So it is
operationally feasible.
1.7 System Requirements
1.7.1 Hardware Requirements
Control electronics
Arduino as the controller for its processing power and large developer community.
Relays to connect electrical appliances to low voltage control of Arduino. GPIO pins are
connected to transistor. Transistors are used as switch. Wi-Fi dongle to connect Arduino to
the internet/LAN. Android phone with minimum android version 4.2 Jellybean to run the HA
app.
1.7.2 Software Requirements
1. Android Development Tools (ADT)

Arduino is an open source computer hardware and software company, project, and user
community that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits
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for building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control objects in the
physical and digital world. The project's products are distributed as open-source hardware and
software, which are licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) or the GNU
General Public License (GPL), permitting the manufacture of Arduino boards and software
distribution by anyone.
Arduino board designs use a variety of microprocessors and controllers. The boards are equipped
with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various
expansion boards or Breadboards (shields) and other circuits. The boards feature serial
communications interfaces, including Universal Serial Bus (USB) on some models, which are
also used for loading programs from personal computers. The microcontrollers are typically
programmed using a dialect of features from the programming languages C and C++. In addition
to using traditional compiler toolchains, the Arduino project provides an integrated development
environment (IDE) based on the Processing language project.
2. Arduino
Arduino is open-source hardware. The hardware reference designs are distributed under a
Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 license and are available on the Arduino website.
Layout and production files for some versions of the hardware are also available.
Although the hardware and software designs are freely available under copyleft licenses, the
developers have requested the name Arduino to be exclusive to the official product and not be
used for derived works without permission. The official policy document on use of the Arduino
name emphasizes that the project is open to incorporating work by others into the official
product. Several Arduino-compatible products commercially released have avoided the project
name by using various names ending in -duino.
An early Arduino board[24] with an RS-232 serial interface (upper left) and an Atmel ATmega8
microcontroller chip (black, lower right); the 14 digital I/O pins are at the top, the 6 analog input
pins at the lower right, and the power connector at the lower left.
Most Arduino boards consist of an Atmel 8-bit AVR microcontroller (ATmega8, ATmega168,
ATmega328, ATmega1280, ATmega2560) with varying amounts of flash memory, pins, and
features. The 32-bit Arduino Due, based on the Atmel SAM3X8E was introduced in 2012. The
boards use single or double-row pins or female headers that facilitate connections for
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programming and incorporation into other circuits. These may connect with add-on modules
termed shields. Multiple and possibly stacked shields may be individually addressable via an I²C
serial bus. Most boards include a 5 V linear regulator and a 16 MHz crystal oscillator or ceramic
resonator. Some designs, such as the LilyPad, run at 8 MHz and dispense with the onboard
voltage regulator due to specific form-factor restrictions.
3. library
The Arduino environment can be extended through the use of libraries, just like most
programming platforms. Libraries provide extra functionality for use in sketches, e.g. working
with hardware or manipulating data. To use a library in a sketch, select it from Sketch > Import
Library.
A number of libraries come installed with the IDE, but you can also download or create your
own. See these instructions for details on installing libraries. There's also a tutorial on writing
your own libraries. See the API Style Guide for information on making a good Arduino-style
API for your library.
4. Standard Libraries
EEPROM - reading and writing to "permanent" storage
Ethernet / Ethernet 2 - for connecting to the internet using the Arduino Ethernet Shield, Arduino
Ethernet Shield 2 and Arduino Leonardo ETH
Firmata - for communicating with applications on the computer using a standard serial protocol.
GSM - For connecting to a GSM/GRPS network with the GSM shield.
Liquid Crystal - for controlling liquid crystal displays (LCDs)
SD - for reading and writing SD cards
Servo - for controlling servo motors
SPI - for communicating with devices using the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Bus
Software Serial - For serial communication on any digital pins.
Stepper - for controlling stepper motors
TFT - for drawing text, images, and shapes on the Arduino TFT screen
WiFi - for connecting to the internet using the Arduino WiFi shield
Wire - Two Wire Interface (TWI/I2C) for sending and receiving data over a net of devices or
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sensors. The Matrix and Sprite libraries are no longer part of the core distribution.
5. Displays and LEDs:

GFX - base class with standard graphics routines (by Adafruit Industries)
GLCD - graphics routines for LCD based on the KS0108 or equivalent chipset.
Improved LCD library fixes LCD initialization bugs in official Arduino LCD library
Led Control - for controlling LED matrices or seven-segment displays with a MAX7221.
Led Control - an alternative to the Matrix library for driving multiple LEDs with Maxim chips.
LedDisplay - control of a HCMS-29xx scrolling LED display.
Matrix - Basic LED Matrix display manipulation library
PCD8544 - for the LCD controller on Nokia 55100-like displays (by Adafruit Industries)
Sprite - Basic image sprite manipulation library for use in animations with an LED matrix
ST7735 - for the LCD controller on a 1.8", 128x160 TFT screen (by Adafruit Industries)
6. Sketchbook:
The Arduino Software (IDE) uses the concept of a sketchbook: a standard place to store your
programs (or sketches). The sketches in your sketchbook can be opened from the File >
Sketchbook menu or from the Open button on the toolbar. The first time you run the Arduino
software, it will automatically create a directory for your sketchbook. You can view or change
the location of the sketchbook location from with the Preferences dialog.
Beginning with version 1.0, files are saved with a .ino file extension. Previous versions use the
.pde extension. You may still open .pde named files in version 1.0 and later, the software will
automatically rename the extension to .ino.
Tabs, Multiple Files, and Compilation

Allows you to manage sketches with more than one file (each of which appears in its own tab).
These can be normal Arduino code files (no visible extension), C files (.c extension), C++ files
(.cpp), or header files (.h).
Uploading
Before uploading your sketch, you need to select the correct items from the Tools > Board and
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Tools > Port menus. The boards are described below. On the Mac, the serial port is probably
something like /dev/tty.usbmodem241 (for an Uno or Mega2560 or Leonardo) or
/dev/tty.usbserial-1B1 (for a Duemilanove or earlier USB board), or /dev/tty.USA19QW1b1P1.1
(for a serial board connected with a Keyspan USB-to-Serial adapter). On Windows, it's probably
COM1 or COM2 (for a serial board) or COM4, COM5, COM7, or higher (for a USB board) - to
find out, you look for USB serial device in the ports section of the Windows Device Manager.
On Linux, it should be /dev/ttyACMx , /dev/ttyUSBx or similar. Once you've selected the
correct serial port and board, press the upload button in the toolbar or select the Upload item
from the Sketch menu. Current Arduino boards will reset automatically and begin the upload.
With older boards (pre-Diecimila) that lack auto-reset, you'll need to press the reset button on
the board just before starting the upload. On most boards, you'll see the RX and TX LEDs blink
as the sketch is uploaded. The Arduino Software (IDE) will display a message when the upload
is complete, or show an error.
When you upload a sketch, you're using the Arduino bootloader, a small program that has been
loaded on to the microcontroller on your board. It allows you to upload code without using any
additional hardware. The bootloader is active for a few seconds when the board resets; then it
starts whichever sketch was most recently uploaded to the microcontroller. The bootloader will
blink the on-board (pin 13) LED when it starts (i.e. when the board resets).
7. IDE:
The Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) is a cross-platform application (for
Windows, macOS, Linux) that is written in the programming language Java. It originated from
the IDE for the languages Processing and Wiring. It includes a code editor with features such as
text cutting and pasting, searching and replacing text, automatic indenting, brace matching, and
syntax highlighting, and provides simple one-click mechanisms to compile and upload programs
to an Arduino board. It also contains a message area, a text console, a toolbar with buttons for
common functions and a hierarchy of operation menus. The source code for the IDE is released
under the GNU General Public License, version 2.
The Arduino IDE supports the languages C and C++ using special rules of code structuring. The
Arduino IDE supplies a software library from the Wiring project, which provides many common
input and output procedures. User-written code only requires two basic functions, for starting
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the sketch and the main program loop, that are compiled and linked with a program stub main()
into an executable cyclic executive program with the GNU toolchain, also included with the IDE
distribution. The Arduino IDE employs the program avrdude to convert the executable code into
a text file in hexadecimal encoding that is loaded into the Arduino board by a loader program in
the board's firmware.
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 Introduction
Security represents protection of our life and assets. Ensuring safety of peoples and their
valuable things is very important for the prevention of illegal handling. Hence, mainly focusing
on door lock security or gate security is very important to avoid the further problems in
monitored area. Even with the use of mechanical locks, the crime, robberies get happened due to
the fact that such locks were easily broken. So, there is a need to invent other kind of locks
which cannot be easily broken. So, many authors present different kinds of digital door locks,
automatic password based door locks, software based door locks etc. which have been widely
used in houses and offices. The prevention of unauthorized entry into buildings through the main
doors is done by using ordinary, electronically operated locks, digital codes and biometrics
technique like the finger print technology or some are based on thumb printing only. Nowadays,
advanced automatic door security systems are available with the use of palmtop recognition
systems face recognition systems, face detection systems, wireless sensors, PIR sensors, RFID
techniques, smart cameras and many more that helps people to make their home or organizations
secure from long distance. Hence, people need not to be worry about the home security though
they are away from home.
2.2 Password Based Systems

The programmable electronic code lock device is programmed in such a way that it will operates
only with the correct entry of predefined digits. It is also called an integrated combinational type
lock. Electronics safe is its example. Based on the programmable electronic code lock, the
reprogrammable digital door locks were invented in that the password can change any time as it
stored in PROM. For operating the device, GSM/CDMA module can be used. When any person
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calls up from his phone, the call will be received by the system. And the door will opens only if
the call is from specified user. A cell phone controlled password protected door lock system
which was proposed to open the door with the help of cell phone device by entering a specific
code. The user can make a call to a systems number. This call is responsible for opening or
closing of the entry with the use of correct password. In latest password based system, a more
advanced system develops which communicates the owner of the office or house, when any
unauthorized person tries to open the code, by giving correct code as well. While closing the
door of office/home, the owner has to press the 0 key available on the hex keypad and leave the
system. The system developed by Annie P.Oommen et. al.allows for changing the password. To
open the lock, the entered password must matches with the changed one. In some systems the
security dial-up enables through the GSM modem, when the unauthorized person enters an
invalid password then the controller informs to the owner through GSM modem. Latest security
system is designed where the locking security system can be enhanced with the help of RF and
GSM wireless technology by using a 4 digit password which provides the authentication.
2.3 Biometric Based System

The palmtop recognition is the next step for fingerprint recognition. It operates on the image of
palmtop. Firstly system takes an image of the palmtop then it works on that image by
partitioning it and process is required. At the end, verify the right person. Hence, it reduces the
chances of error in other human recognition methods and clarifies the problems which were
faced in the fingerprint recognition. The biometric technique is very useful in bank lockers.
Except fingerprint recognition the vein detector and iris scanner gives best and accurate result so,
in the bank security system , microcontroller continuously monitors the Vein Detector and Iris
Scanner through keypad authenticated codes. During night the wireless motion detector will be
active, if any variation occurs in its output, it will be sensed by the controller and alert sounds
will be given by it. Recently, the fast based principal component analysis approach is proposed
in which the modification of principal component analysis approach for the face recognition and
face detection process is done. The image is captured by the web camera and it gets matched
with the image stored in the database. New advanced door lock security systems are available
based on the pattern of the human iris for providing a high level of security. And to make the
system more efficient n reliable the simulation is done in MATLAB.
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2.4 RFID Based Systems

These types of security systems used for digital door lock are utilizing inactive RFID tags
(passive). With the help of this, it ensures that only valid person can get entry. Such systems are
working in real time basic for opening the door in which user have to place the tag in contact
with RFID detector, then the entryway gets opens and in the central server the registration data is
stored with necessary data of the users. Attendance and person tracking is possible by using such
type of system. RFID Based Gate Access Security System which points out authorized peoples
and permits just them was effectively created by K.Srinivasa et. al. This system ought to have the
capacity to minimize the trained or specialized human error during secured door access. Latest
RFID based door lock security system are based on arduino platform with audio
acknowledgement at the point when card put close to the RFID module, it peruses the card data
and it matches with the data stored in the program memory and shows authorize/unauthorized
entry. Arduino is also used by many other applications for example A specific Arduino ATMEL
processor can be used for sensing and recognition of person, another example like ECG
Parameter Identification and Monitoring as they have open source platform.
2.5 Social Networking Sites Based Systems

A specific work, the digitalization and safety perspectives were accomplished by utilizing the
phone device and web camera. The model can empower a pin to close and open a door from
allotted region using SMS from a (social networking site) like Facebook, Whatsapp etc. Digital
Door Lock model based on Internet of Things Recently, a new digital door lock system get
designed which detects the unknown physical contact of a visitant then immediately informs to
the owner through the smart phone. At the moment, if wrong password gets detected more than
the specified times, the system catches the picture of the unknown visitant and sends it to the
owner through smart device. In this manner, increases the strength of the security function. With
help of latest advanced technology, demonstration of an intelligent door system using Internet of
Things is given by S. Nazeem Basha et. alThe system provides notification of intrusion by
sending out email notification to the owner. It logs all the intrusion data into Google spread sheet
of owner‟s Google drive account. ADXL345 accelerometer detects the change in motion of the
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door and raspberry pi reads the sensor intrusion data and to communicate to the Amazon Web
Services Internet of Things (AWS IoT) console. Similar to the Ardiuno, Raspberry Pi module
used mostly as It is an inexpensive computer that uses Linux-based operating system. It is also
having open source platform for using devices like GPIO, HDMI, 10/100 Ethernet and USB port
etc. It is also having slots for SD cards in which Linux raspberry package can be stored.
2.6 Door Phone Based System
The earlier system, a specific system in which identification of a visitant is done for the most part
by direct communication with the set of the housing estate concerned. A dialing up to the sets
over the hands free telephone is created by the framework at the entryway. Visitors enter inside
through the gate by controlling the gate with the help of the telephone set. The latest system is
based on video door phone surveillance which is used to identify the visitors, developed by
Chau-Huang Wei et. al. . The work utilized a novel power line communication chip for build up
a digital networked video door phone. Moreover, they exchanged audio and visual information
and upgraded the passageway guarding capacities. The proposed method in latest work does not
need administrator’s help to access the facility if the user knows OTP technique and has a
registered mobile phone. Likewise the OTP is generated and sent to the proprietor’s mobile
phone whenever user requests to access facility. Then the OTP should enter through keypad on
the door the door will open. In case if the mobile is not available or off then the option to open
the door is to answer the security question ask by system.
2.7 CONCLUSION
In today’s technologically advanced world, autonomous systems are gaining rapid popularity so
the advancement in latest technology is continuously and rapidly made on different latest
automatic door lock security systems. The need for an advanced door lock security systems using
new technologies is increases day by day as security become a very important or serious issue for
everybody. Due to the recent trends in various methods of security for home, buildings,
companies‟ vehicles etc, there is no need to worry about this security any longer, as automatic
security systems are here to deal with it. This paper tries to focus all recent door lock security
systems in a comprehensive way.
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CHAPTER 3
ANALYSIS
3.1 Detailed Statement of Problem
We have seen automatic door openers in shopping malls, theatres, airports, warehouses, hospitals
and commercial buildings.
In this type of places or other many other places opening and closing of doors is always a tedious
job. Where a person is always required to open and close the door.For people in wheelchairs and
other disabled individuals, since conventional doors can be very hard to work with. It may be
impossible to open a conventional door while seated in a wheelchair.
3.2 Hardware Requirements
3.2.1 ATMEGA328 Microcontroller
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The ATmega328 is a single chip microcontroller created by Atmel in the megaAVR family
And it is an 8 bit microcontroller. The AVR architecture was conceived by two students
at the Norwegian Institute Of Technology (NTH) Alf-Egil Bogen] and Vegard Wollan.AVR
stands for Alf (Egil bogen) and Vegard (wollan)’s RISC processor. AT mega 328 is dual inline
package (DIP). The Atmel® picoPower® ATmega328/P is a low-power CMOS 8-bit
microcontroller based on the AVR® enhanced RISC architecture. By executing powerful
instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega328/P achieves throughputs close to 1MIPS per
MHz. This empowers system designer to optimize the device for power consumption versus
processing speed.
Features
2 x 8-bit Timers/Counters each with independent prescaler and compare modes
A single 16-bit Timer/Counter with an idependent prescaler, compare and capture modes
Real time counter with independent oscillator
10 bit, 6 channel analog to digital Converter
6 pulse width modulation channels
Internal temperature sensor
Serial USART (Programmable)
Master/Slave SPI Serial Interface – (Philips I2C compatible)
Programmable watchdog timer with independent internal oscillator
Internal analog comparator
Interrupt and wake up on pin change
Advanced RISC Architecture –

131 Powerful Instructions
Most Single Clock Cycle Execution
32 x 8 General Purpose Working Registers
20
Fully Static Operation

Up to 20 MIPS Throughput at 20MHz
On-chip 2-cycle Multiplier
Peripheral Features –
Operating Voltage: – 1.8 - 5.5V
Temperature Range: – 40°C to 85°C
Power-on Reset and Programmable Brown-out Detection

Internal Calibrated Oscillator
External and Internal Interrupt Sources
Six Sleep Modes: Idle, ADC Noise Reduction, Power-save, Power-down, Standby, and
Extended Standby
Applications
• ATmega328 is widely used in various projects where a simple low powered, low cost
microcontroller is needed and it provides much functionality on a single chip.The most
common implementation of this chip is on the popular Arduino development platform,
namely the Arduino Uno and Arduino Nano models. As of 2013 the ATmega328 is
commonly used in many projects and autonomous systems where a simple, low-powered,
low-cost micro-controller is needed. Perhaps the most common implementation of this chip is
on the popular Arduino development platform, namely the Arduino Uno and Arduino Nano
models. A complete package including ATmega 328 and Arduino can be used in several
different real life applications.
• It can be used in embedded systems projects.
• It can also be used in robotics.
• Quad-copter and even small aero planes can also be designed through it.
• Power monitoring and management systems can also be prepared using this device.
21
3.2.2 Passive Infrared Sensor
A passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic sensor that measures infrared (IR) light
radiating from objects in its field of view and it always detects change in temperature.
All objects with a temperature above absolute zero emit heat energy in the form of radiation.
Usually this radiation is invisible to the human eye.
The term passive in this instance refers to the fact that PIR devices do not generate or radiate any
energy for detection purposes. They work entirely by detecting the energy given off by other
objects. PIR sensors don't detect or measure "heat"; instead they detect the infrared radiation
emitted or reflected from an object.
Infrared radiation enters through the front of the sensor, known as the 'sensor face'. At the core of
a PIR sensor is a solid state sensor or set of sensors, made from pyroelectric materials—materials
which generate energy when exposed to heat. Typically, the sensors are approximately 1/4 inch
square (40 mm2), and take the form of a thin film. Materials commonly used in PIR sensors
22
include gallium nitrate (CsNO3), polyvinyl fluorides, and cobalt phthalocyanine. Nitride (GaN),
caesium.
Operating temperature: 0 to 50 °C, Sensitivity range: up to 15-20 feet
A PIR-based motion detector is used to sense movement of people, animals, or other objects.
They are commonly used in burglar alarms and automatically-activated lighting systems. They
are commonly called simply "PIR", or sometimes "PID", for "passive infrared detector".
Operation
An individual PIR sensor detects changes in the amount of infrared radiation impinging upon it,
which varies depending on the temperature and surface characteristics of the objects in front of
the sensor. When an object, such as a human, passes in front of the background, such as a wall,
the temperature at that point in the sensor's field of view will rise from room temperature to body
temperature, and then back again. The sensor converts the resulting change in the incoming
infrared radiation into a change in the output voltage, and this triggers the detection.
PIRs come in many configurations for a wide variety of applications. The most common models
have numerous Fresnel lenses or mirror segments, an effective range of about ten meters (thirty
feet), and a field of view less than 180 degrees. Models with wider fields of view, including 360
degrees, are available—typically designed to mount on a ceiling. Some larger PIRs are made
with single segment mirrors and can sense changes in infrared energy over one hundred feet
away from the PIR. There are also PIRs designed with reversible orientation mirrors which allow
either broad coverage (110° wide) or very narrow "curtain" coverage or with individually
selectable segments to "shape" the coverage.
Product design
The PIR sensor is typically mounted on a printed circuit board containing the necessary
electronics required to interpret the signals from the sensor itself. The complete assembly is
usually contained within housing, mounted in a location where the sensor can cover area to be
monitored.
23
The housing will usually have a plastic "window" through which the infrared energy can
enter. Infrared energy is able to reach the sensor through the window because the plastic
used is transparent to infrared radiation. The plastic window reduces the chance foreign
objects (dust, insects, etc.) from obscuring the sensor's field of view.
Different mechanisms can be used to focus the distant infrared energy onto the sensor
surface.The plastic window covering may have multiple facets molded Into it, to focus the
infrared energy onto the sensor. Each individual facet is a Fresnel lens. Some PIRs are
manufactured with internal, segmented parabolic mirrors to focus the infrared energy. Where
mirrors are used, the plastic window cover generally has no Fresnel lenses molded into it.
3.2.3 Relay driver IC (ULN 2003A)
A Relay driver IC is an electro-magnetic switch that will be used whenever we want to use a low
voltage circuit to switch a light bulb ON and OFF which is connected to 220V mains supply. The
ULN2003A is an array of seven NPN Darlington transistors capable of 500mA, 50V output. It
features common-cathode flyback diodes for switching inductive loads. It can come in PDIP,
SOIC, SOP or TSSOP packaging
The relay driver uln2003 IC is a high voltage and current darlington array IC, it comprises of 7-
open collector darlington pairs with common emitters. A pair of darlington is an arrangement of
two bipolar transistors. This IC belongs to the family of ULN200x ICs and various types of this
family interface to various logic families. This ULN2003 IC is for 5V TTL and CMOS logic
24
devices. These ICs are used as relay drivers as well as to drive a wide range of loads, line drivers,
display drivers etc. This IC is also normally used while driving Stepper Motors. The pairs of
darlington in ULN2003 is esteemed at 500mA and can withstand peak current of 600mA.In the
pin layout, the i/ps & o/ps are provided reverse to each other. Each driver also has a suppression
diode to dissipate voltage spikes while driving inductive loads
ULN2003 is used where the current rating and voltage rating of a motor or any load which is to
handled by microcontroller is more than the current handling and voltage handling capacity of
that microcontroller.
A pin of ULN2003 can handle 600 mA current. It can withstand voltage upto 50 volt. A pin of
any microcontroller can handle current upto 200 mA and controller voltage is around 5 volt.
So we use uln2003 in parallel to any microcontroller to drive heavy load devices. Uln2003
accepts TTL from MCU which may be 5v or 0v and depending on this value ULN2003 turns on
the heavy load or turn it off respectively.
The ULN2003 is known for its high-current, high-voltage capacity. The drivers can be paralleled
for even higher current output. Even further, stacking one chip on top of another, both
electrically and physically, has been done. Generally it can also be used for interfacing with a
stepper motor, where the motor requires high ratings which cannot be provided by other
interfacing devices.
Features
Main specifications:
500 mA rated collector current (single output)
50 V output (there is a version that supports 100 V output)
Includes output flyback diodes
Inputs compatible with TTL and 5-V CMOS logic
Application
25
Typical usage of the ULN2003A is in driver circuits for relays, lamp and LED displays, stepper
motors, logic buffers and line drivers.
3.2.4 Crystal Oscillator
A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that uses a mechanical resonance of a

vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to create an electrical signal with a very precise
frequency.
The most common type of piezoelectric resonator used is the quartz crystal, so oscillator circuits
incorporating them became known as crystal oscillators.
Crystal oscillators are oscillators where the primary frequency determining element is a quartz
crystal. Because of the inherent characteristics of the quartz crystal the crystal oscillator may be
held to extreme accuracy of frequency stability. Temperature compensation may be applied to
crystal oscillators to improve thermal stability of the crystal oscillator.
Crystal oscillators are usually, fixed frequency oscillators where stability and accuracy are the
primary considerations. For example it is almost impossible to design a stable and accurate LC
oscillator for the upper HF and higher frequencies without resorting to some sort of crystal
control. Hence the reason for crystal oscillators. Typical crystal oscillator frequencies range
between 1.8 and 70 MHz.
26
Crystal is a solid in which the constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are packed in a regularly
ordered, repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions.
Almost any object made of an elastic material could be used like a crystal, with
appropriate transducers, since all objects have natural resonant frequencies of vibration.
For example, steel is very elastic and has a high speed of sound. It was often used in
mechanical filters before quartz. The resonant frequency depends on size, shape,
elasticity, And the speed of sound in the material. High-frequency crystals are typically cut in
the shape of a simple, rectangular plate. Low-frequency crystals, such as those used in
digital watches, are typically cut in the shape of a tuning fork.
For applications not needing very precise timing, a low-cost ceramic resonator is often used in
place of a quartz crystal. When a crystal of quartz is properly cut and mounted, it can be
made todistort in an electric field by applying a voltage to an electrode near or on the crystal.
This property is known as electrostriction or inverse piezoelectricity. When the field is
removed, the quartz generates an electric field as it returns to its previous shape, and this can
generate a voltage. The result is that a quartz crystal behaves like an RLC circuit, composed of
an inductor, capacitor and resistor, with a precise resonant frequency.
Quartz has the further advantage that its elastic constants and its size change in such a way that
the frequency dependence on temperature can be very low. The specific characteristics depend
on the mode of vibration and the angle at which the quartz is cut (relative to its crystallographic
axes). Therefore, the resonant frequency of the plate, which depends on its size, does not change
much. This means that a quartz clock, filter or oscillator remains accurate. For critical
applications the quartz oscillator is mounted in a temperature-controlled container, called a
crystal oven, and can also be mounted on shock absorbers to prevent perturbation by external
mechanical vibrations. The frequency stability is determined by the crystal's Q. It is inversely
dependent on the frequency, and on the constant that is dependent on the particular cut. Other
factors influencing Q are the overtone used, the temperature, the level of driving of the crystal,
the quality of the surface finish, the mechanical stresses imposed on the crystal by bonding and
mounting, the geometry of the crystal and the attached electrodes, the material purity and defects
27
in the crystal, type and pressure of the gas in the enclosure, interfering modes, and presence and
absorbed dose of ionizing and neutron radiation.
3.2.5 Voltage regulator IC (7805 IC)
7805 is a voltage regulator integrated circuit. The 78xx (sometimes L78xx, LM78xx,
MC78xx...) is a family of self-contained fixed linear voltage regulator integrated circuits. The
78xx family is commonly used in electronic circuits requiring a regulated power supply due to
their ease-of-use and low cost. For ICs within the family, the xx is replaced with two digits,
indicating the output voltage (for example, the 7805 has a 5-volt output). The 78xx line is
positive voltage regulators: they produce a voltage that is positive relative to a common ground.
IC 7805 is a 5V Voltage Regulator that restricts the voltage output to 5V and draws 5V regulated
power supply. It comes with provision to add heat sink.
The maximum value for input to the voltage regulator is 35V. It can provide a constant steady
voltage flow of 5V for higher voltage input till the threshold limit of 35V.
The LM7805 is a monolithic three 3-pin IC.
28
Pin 1 (Input Pin): The Input pin is the pin that accepts the incoming DC voltage, which the
voltage regulator will eventually regulate down to 5 volts.
Pin 2 (Ground): Ground pin establishes the ground for the regulator.
Pin 3 (Output Pin): The Output pin is the regulated 5 volts DC.
Advantages
78xx series ICs do not require additional components to provide a constant, regulated source of
power, making them easy to use, as well as economical and efficient uses of space. Other voltage
regulators may require additional components to set the output voltage level, or to assist in the
regulation process. Some other designs (such as a switched-mode power supply) may need
substantial engineering expertise to implement.
78xx series ICs have built-in protection against a circuit drawing too much current. They have
protection against overheating and short-circuits, making them quite robust in most applications.
In some cases, the current-limiting features of the 78xx devices can provide protection not only
for the 78xx itself, but also for other parts of the circuit. The greatest advantage that the linear
regulator offers is the ease of use. Because a linear regulator operates when one capacitor each is
simply attached to the input and output sides, in substance little design is needed. If you must be
between the two, thermal dissipation design may be more complicated than circuit design (for
thermal calculations, see Subsection 1-6). Also, unlike the switching power supply, the linear
regulator is free of any switching noise, having ripple rejection capability and its low voltage
noise, which makes the linear regulator of choice in such noise-averse applications as audio-
visual, communication, medical, and measurement devices.
Disadvantages
The input voltage must always be higher than the output voltage by some minimum amount (typically 2.5
volts). This can make these devices unsuitable for powering some devices from certain types of power
sources (for example, powering a circuit that requires 5 volts using 6-volt batteries will not work using a
7805). On the downside, the linear regulator produces substantial loss when the voltage
difference between the input and output is large. Because most of the loss occurs in the form of
heat, depending on the condition under which it is used, the linear regulator generates extremely
29
large amounts of heat. Using a linear regulator adroitly with power consumption greater than a
few watts requires overcoming the heat issue. In addition, linear regulators are applicable only to
step-down operations. This holds true for the case of negative voltage applications. Since
confusion often arises with respect to the step-down operation of negative voltage in particular, a
little discussion in this regard may be in order. Given a -5V input, a negative-voltage linear
regulator cannot produce a further lower output of -12V, for example.
3.2.6 SPDT Relay
SPDT stand for Single Pole Double Throw. The SPDT relay is quite useful in certain
applications because of its internal configuration.
In this relay common terminal connects to either of two others. Including two for the coil, such a
relay has five terminals in total.
It has one common terminal and 2 contacts in 2 different configurations: one can be Normally
Closed and the other one is opened or it can be Normally Open and the other one closed. So
basically you can see the SPDT relay as a way of switching between 2 circuits: when there is no
voltage applied to the coil one circuit “receives” current, the other one doesn’t and when the coil
gets energised the opposite is happening.
The coil voltage on this relay is rated at 12VDC, and the load current is rated up to 10A.
30
Features:
12VDC SPDT Relay
Rated up to 10A

Fully Seale
3.2.7 Bridge Rectifier

A rectifier diode lets electrical current flow in only one direction and is mainly used for power
supply operation. Rectifier diodes can handle higher current flow than regular diodes and are
generally used in order to change alternating current into direct current.
A bridge rectifier is an arrangement of four or more diodes in a bridge circuit configuration. It is
used for converting an alternating current (AC) input into a direct current (DC) output. A bridge
rectifier provides full-wave rectification from a two-wire AC input, therefore resulting in lower
weight and cost when compared to a rectifier with a 3-wire input from a transformer with a
centre-tapped secondary winding.
Applications for Bridge Rectifiers:

The primary application of bridge rectifiers is to transform an AC supply into DC power. All
electronic devices require direct current, so bridge rectifiers are used inside the power supplies of
almost all electronic equipment. Bridge rectifiers are also used for detecting the amplitude of
modulated radio signals. The signal may be amplified before it is detected. If it is not, then a very
low voltage drop diode or a diode biased with a fixed voltage must be used. Rectifiers are also
used to supply polarized voltage for welding applications. Control of the output current is
required in such circuits, and this may be achieved by replacing some of the diodes in a bridge
rectifier with thyristors, which are diodes whose voltage output can be regulated by switching on
and off with phase fired controllers. Regulated DC Power supply is often required for many
electronic applications. One of the most reliable and convenient way is to convert the available
AC mains power supply into DC supply. This conversion of AC signal to DC signal is done
using a rectifier, which is basically a system of diodes. It can be a half wave rectifier which
rectifies only one half of the AC signal or a full wave rectifier which rectifies both cycles of the
31
AC signal. The full wave rectifier can be a centre tapped rectifier consisting of two diodes or a
bridge rectifier consisting of 4 diodes.
3.2.8 Arduino Programming
Arduino is a software company, project, and user community that designs and manufactures
computer open-source hardware, open-sourc software, and microcontroller-based kits for
building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control physical devices.. The
name Arduino comes from a bar in Ivrea, where some of the founders of the project used to
meet. The bar was named after Arduino of Ivrea, who was the margrave of the March of Ivrea
and King of Italy from 1002 to 1014. The Arduino project provides the Arduino integrated
development environment (IDE), which is a cross-platform application written in the
programming language Java. It originated from the IDE for the languages Processing and
Wiring. It is designed to introduce programming to artists and other newcomers unfamiliar
32
with software development. It includes a code editor with features such as syntax
highlighting, brace matching, andautomatic indentation, andprovides simple one-click
mechanism to compile and load programs to an Arduino board. A program written with the IDE
for Arduino is called a "sketch".
The Arduino IDE supports the languages C and C++ using special rules to organize code. The
Arduino IDE supplies a software library called Wiring from the Wiring project, which provides
many common input and output procedures. After compiling and linking with the GNU tool
chain, also included with the IDE distribution, the Arduino IDE employs the programavrdude to
convert the executable code into a text file in hexadecimal coding that is loaded into the Arduino
board by a loader program in the board's firmware.
3.2.9 Electro Magnetic Lock

An electromagnetic lock, magnetic lock, or maglock is a locking device that consists an
electromagnet and an armature plate. There are two main types of electric locking devices.
Locking devices can be either "fail safe" or "fail secure". A fail-secure locking device remains
locked when power is lost. Fail-safe locking devices are unlocked when de-energized. Direct pull
electromagnetic locks are inherently fail-safe. Typically the electromagnet portion of the lock is
attached to the door frame and a mating armature plate is attached to the door. The two
components are in contact when the door is closed. When the electromagnet is energized, a
current passing through the electromagnet creates a magnetic flux that causes the armature plate
to attract to the electromagnet, creating a locking action. Because the mating area of the
electromagnet and armature is relatively large, the force created by the magnetic flux is strong
enough to keep the door locked even under stress.
3.2.10 GSM
GSM is a standard developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to
describe the protocols for second-generation digital cellular networks used by mobile devices
such as tablets, first deployed in Finland in December 1991.[2] As of 2014, it has become the
global standard for mobile communications – with over 90% market share, operating in over 193
countries and territories.2G networks developed as a replacement for first generation (1G) analog
33
cellular networks, and the GSM standard originally described as a digital, circuit-switched
network optimized for full duplex voice telephony. This expanded over time to include data
communications, first by circuit-switched transport, then by packet data transport via GPRS
(General Packet Radio Services) and EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution, or
EGPRS).
3.3 Working
A live body generally emits infrared energy and when a body approaches within the operating
range of the PIR sensor. PIR sensor the change in temperature to equivalent voltage and this
signal is called sensing signal. This sensing signal is fed to 8mega328 microcontroller by PIR
sensor and 8mega328 microcontroller sends a logical command to motor driver IC for
appropriate action. The GSM module sends a text message to mobile number mentioned in the
program. The person has to reply through Blynk app to open or close the electromagnetic lock
3.4 Block Diagram
34
3.5 Schematic Diagram
35
3.6 Flow Chart
36
CHAPTER 4
Conclusion
4.1 Future Extensions
For an improved, effective system to be implemented and achieved, the following suggestion
should be considered for further work.A better sensor is recommended to achieve better
performance, enhance accuracy and achieve new functionality. For instance, a suitable sensor
such as microwave sensor, ultrasonic sensor and radar sensor that could detects goods in any
vehicle.
To achieve full automation, a real time system should be employed and a closed circuit television
(CCTV) system provided for proper monitoring and security purposes. The system can be later
enhanced by integrating counter mechanism or arrangement for keeping a record of entry and
exit of people at particular place. This system can be used as a security purpose. In the sense that
to identify thief entered in house.
4.2 Limitations
The reliability of a motion sensor may also be affected by rapid environmental changes and
direct sunlight. Also, things like a fireplace, and direct wind from an air conditioner or heater.
This is because a PIR sensor actually detects changes in infrared energy - specifically, the "heat
37
energy" emitted by normal human skin temperature. PIR sensor is going to have trouble if you’re
welkin out to the pool on a hot day, or back in from a snowball fight in a heavy winter coat.
CHAPTER 5
BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_infrared_sensor
http://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/automatic-door-opener-project-using Arduino
http://www.slideshare.net/indira_kundu/report-on-automatic-door
http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x11fgbb_movement-sensed-automatic-door-opening-system-
engineering-projects_tech
http://www.datasheetarchive.com/ULN2003%20features-datasheet.html
http://services.eng.uts.edu.au/pmcl/de/Downloads/Lecture04.pdf
http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/Atmega328-pinout.php
https://www.parallax.com/sites/default/files/downloads/555-28027-PIR-Sensor-Product-Guide-
v2.3.pdf
http://www.slideshare.net/indira_kundu/report-on-automatic-door
https://www.quora.com/What- is-the-purpose-of-connecting-a-crystal-oscillator-to-your-
microcontroller-Why-cant-I-use-the- internal-oscillator- itself
http://www.electronics-tutorials.com/oscillators/crystal-oscillators.htm
38
http://www.engineersgarage.com/electronic-components/7805- voltage-regulator- ic
http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/What- is-a-LM7805-voltage-regulator
http://www.electroschematics.com/9598/spdt-relay-switch/
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electronic/rectbr.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EAGLE_(program)
39

Project Report - IoT Based Smart Door System

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IOT Based Smart Door Lock System

IOT Based Smart Door Lock System

A project report submitted to

under the guidance of

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

SREE VIDYANIKETHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

I show my sincere gratitude to our honorable Principal Dr. P. C. Krishnamachary, for

I am grateful to thank Prof. M. Saravanan , Head of the Department of Electronics and

K. Surya Chandra (14121A1034)

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY 16

3.1 Detailed Statement of Problem 20

3.2 Hardware Requirements 21

3.2.1 ATMEGA328 Microcontroller

3.2.2 Passive Infrared Sensor

3.2.3 Relay driver IC (ULN 2003A)

3.2.4 Crystal Oscillator

3.2.5 Voltage regulator IC (7805 IC)

3.2.6 SPDT Relay

3.2.7 Bridge Rectifier

1.2 Problem Statement

1.2.1 Existing System

Wood is a natural insulator of heat because of which it cannot be destroyed by temperature.

i. To remotely control door and monitoring external environment.

1.4 Proposed System

1.5 Project Features

i. Remote control of home appliances from anywhere using app.

ii. Continuous monitoring and security of home with camera module.

iii. Considerable reduction in electricity bills with efficient energy utilization.

1.6 Feasibility Analysis

1.6.1 Economic Feasibility

1.6.2 Technical Feasibility

1.6.3 Operational Feasibility

1.7 System Requirements

1.7.1 Hardware Requirements

1.7.2 Software Requirements

1. Android Development Tools (ADT)

5. Displays and LEDs:

Tabs, Multiple Files, and Compilation

2.2 Password Based Systems

2.3 Biometric Based System

2.4 RFID Based Systems

2.5 Social Networking Sites Based Systems

2.6 Door Phone Based System

3.2 Hardware Requirements

3.2.1 ATMEGA328 Microcontroller

Real time counter with independent oscillator

10 bit, 6 channel analog to digital Converter

6 pulse width modulation channels

Internal temperature sensor

Serial USART (Programmable)

Master/Slave SPI Serial Interface – (Philips I2C compatible)

Programmable watchdog timer with independent internal oscillator

Internal analog comparator

Interrupt and wake up on pin change

Advanced RISC Architecture –

Fully Static Operation

Temperature Range: – 40°C to 85°C

Power-on Reset and Programmable Brown-out Detection

• It can be used in embedded systems projects.