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Distance From A Point To A Plane: N N N N N 3 x+2 Y+6 Z 6. N 3 I+2 j+6 K 1,1,3

The document discusses methods for determining the distance from a point to a plane and the angle between two planes. It provides the formulas for calculating distance to a plane using the vector projection of the position vector of the point onto the normal vector of the plane. It also gives the formula for calculating the angle between two planes using the dot product of their normal vectors. An example problem demonstrates finding the distance from a point to a given plane.

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58 views6 pages

Distance From A Point To A Plane: N N N N N 3 x+2 Y+6 Z 6. N 3 I+2 j+6 K 1,1,3

The document discusses methods for determining the distance from a point to a plane and the angle between two planes. It provides the formulas for calculating distance to a plane using the vector projection of the position vector of the point onto the normal vector of the plane. It also gives the formula for calculating the angle between two planes using the dot product of their normal vectors. An example problem demonstrates finding the distance from a point to a given plane.

Uploaded by

laiba shehzad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Distance from a Point to a Plane

[ ]
⃗
PS . ⃗n
Proj⃗n ⃗
PS= 2
. n⃗
|⃗n|

| |[ ]| ⃗
PS . ⃗n
d=|Proj⃗n ⃗
PS = 2
. n⃗
|n⃗|

|⃗
PS . n⃗|
d ¿ 2
|⃗n|
. |n⃗|

d=¿
|⃗
PS . ⃗n|
|⃗n|

Question: Find the distance from the point S(1,1,3) to the plane 3 x+ 2 y +6 z=6.

Solution: n⃗ =3 ⃗i +2 ⃗j +6 ⃗k
S= (1,1,3 )
P=?

We find a point P in the plane and


calculate the length of the vector projection
of ⃗
PS onto a vector n⃗ normal to the plane. The point on
plane easiest to find from the plane’s equation are the
intercepts.
If we take P to be the y-intercept (0,3,0) then
PS=( 1−0 ) i⃗ + ( 1−3 ) ⃗j + ( 3−0 ) ⃗k
⃗

= i⃗ −2 ⃗j+3 k⃗

|n⃗|=√ (3)2 +(2)2 +(6)2=√ 49=7


The distance from S to the plane is

d=¿
|⃗
PS . ⃗n|
|⃗n|

¿¿ = |37 − 47 + 187|= 177


Exercise 12.5, Q 39-46

Angle between two planes


The angle between two intersecting planes is defined
to be the angle determined by their normal vectors.

( )
−1 ⃗
n1 . ⃗
n2
θ=cos
|⃗
n1||⃗n2|
Q: Find the angle between the planes 3 x−6 y−2 z=15 and 2 x+ y −2 z =5.
n1 =3i⃗ -6j-2k⃗
Solution: ⃗
n2 =2i⃗ + ⃗j -2k⃗
⃗

n1 . ⃗
⃗ n2 =6-6+4 =4

|⃗
n 1|=√(3)2 +¿ ¿=√ 9+36+ 4=7

|⃗
n 2|=√ ¿ ¿ = √ 4 +1+4=√ 9=3

( )
−1 ⃗
n1 . ⃗
n2
So θ=cos
|⃗
n1||⃗n2|

θ=cos−1 ( 7∗34 )= 79 degrees


Practice Problems
Intersection of lines
Intersection of two lines:
Intersection of two lines is
1. Line (obvious)
2. Point

Example:
Given two lines in space, either they are parallel or they intersect each other or they are
skew? If they intersect, find point of intersection.
L1: x = 3 + 2t L2: x = 1 + 4s L3: x = 3 + 2r
y = -1 + 4t y = 1 + 2s y=2+r
z=2–t z = -3 + 4s z = -2 + 2r

-∞< t <∞ -∞< s <∞ -∞< r <∞


Solution:
First we check L1 & L2
From L1: V1 = 2i + 4j – k
From L2: V2 = 4i + 2j +4k
V1 & V2 are not parallel. Hence they are not scalar multiple of each other.
Now, check if they intersect each other.
x = 3 + 2t = 1 + 4s => 2t – 4s = -2 … (1)
y = -1 + 4t = 1 + 2s => 4t – 2s = 2 …. (2)
z = 2 – t = -3 + 4s => -t – 4s = -5 …. (3)

From (1) & (2)


2t – 4s = -2
±8t –+4s = ±4 “multiply (2) by 2”
-6t = -6 “changing signs”
t=1 Put “t = 1” in (1)
2 (1) – 4s = -2
-4s = -2 -2
-4s = -4
s=1
Put “t=1”, “s=1” in (3)
-t – 4s = -5
-1 – 4 = -5
-5 = -5
L1 & L2 are intersecting.
Point of intersections:
x = 3 + 2(1) = 5
y = -1 + 4 (1) = 3
z=2–1=1
So, (5, 3, 1) is point of intersection.
Now, we have to check L1 & L3.
From L1: V1 = 2i + 4j – k
From L3: V3 = 2i + j + 2k
As V1 & V3 are not parallel, so L1 & L3 are not parallel.
Now check if they intersect or not?
x = 3 +2t = 3 + 2r => 2t – 2r = 0 ….. (1)
y = -1 + 4t = 2 + r => 4t – r = 3 …… (2)
z = 2 – t = -2 + 2r => -t – 2r = -4 ….. (3)

From (1) & (3)


2t – 2r = 0
-+t – +2r = -+4
3t = 4 “changing signs”
t = 4/3
Put it in (1)
2 (4/3) – 2r = 0
8/3 = 2r
r = 8/6
r = 4/3
Put “t” & “r” in (2)
4 (4/3) – (4/3) = 3
16/3 – 4/3 = 3
12/3 = 3
4≠3
L1 & L3 are not intersections.
Now check L2 & L3.

V2 = 4i + 2j + 4k
V3 = 2i + j + 2k
V3 = 2 (2i + j + 2k)
V3 = 2 V2
V3 & V2 are parallel; therefore, L3 & L2 are parallel.

Practice Problems
(Ex 12.5; 61 – 62)

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