ELE 3203

Communication systems

Lab 4: Amplitude Demodulation

Student Name ID Number

Faculty Name: Mr. Yacine Adane

Lab Instructor: Ms. Rajalakshmi

Submission Date: October 10, 2020

Prepared By: Rajalakshmi S Menon, ADW

Objective

To study the function of Amplitude Demodulation. Also, to vary the modulation index and see

how it affects the output signal.

Apparatus Required

a) Hardware Tools: Computer system

b) Software Tool: MATLAB 7.0 and above version.

Prepared By: Rajalakshmi S Menon, ADW

INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this experiment is to further expose you to applications of digital Fourier

analysis using MATLAB. These topics will be explored in the context of sampling audio

signals for the design and simulation of the modulation and demodulation processes used in

amplitude modulation. So, we are getting to perform Amplitude Demodulation.

Demodulation is recovering the first message signal from a modulated carrier signal.

Telecommunication receivers are made for the aim of demodulation of a selected or different

type of signal. To reach the Amplitude Demodulation we have to use a block that will help us

to reach the following formula Demodulated signal = 𝑆𝑖𝑛(2𝜋𝑓𝑐𝑡) + 𝑚2 sin(2𝜋𝑓𝑐𝑡 − 2𝜋𝑓𝑐𝑡) −

𝑚 2 sin(2𝜋𝑓𝑐𝑡 + 2𝜋𝑓𝑐𝑡) . This can be determined while using a simple block such as Sine

wave, constant, scope, product, adder blocks, and filter (Buffer). But they must organize in a

specific way to reach the goal.

Prepared By: Rajalakshmi S Menon, ADW

THEROY

 Carrier signal= Vcsin(2πfct)

 Message signal= Vmsin(2πfmt) # fm must be smaller than fc

When carrier amplitude is altered with respect to message signal,

 Modulated Signal = (Vc+ Vmsin(2 πfmt))*sin(2 πfct)

In terms of modulation index (m=Am/Ac) the equation becomes

 Demodulated signal= 𝑆𝑖𝑛(2𝜋𝑓𝑐𝑡) + 𝑚2 sin(2𝜋𝑓𝑐𝑡 − 2𝜋𝑓𝑐𝑡) − 𝑚 2 sin(2𝜋𝑓𝑐𝑡 + 2𝜋𝑓𝑐𝑡) .

Where,

 Vc = Carrier signal amplitude

 Vm = Message signal amplitude

 fc= Carrier frequency

 fm =Message frequency

Prepared By: Rajalakshmi S Menon, ADW

PROCEDURE

The following blocks are required to draw the block diagram as shown in the Figure 1.

1. Carrier Signal Source

2. Message Signal Source

3. Blocks for viewing the signals – Scope

4. Product Block

5. Filter

We can find these blocks in the following locations of Simulink Library.

Carrier, Message, Constant blocks

 Simulink –> Sources –> Sine wave

 Simulink –> Sources –> Constant

View Block

 Simulink –> Sink –> Scope

Product and Summer Block

 Simulink –> Math Operations–> Product

 Simulink –> Math Operations–> Summer

Analog Filter Design

 Simulink–> DSP System Toolbox–> Filtering–> Filter Implementations–> Analog

Filter Design

Prepared By: Rajalakshmi S Menon, ADW

Figure 1. Amplitude Modulation and Demodulation Block Diagram

Block parameters can be changed by selecting the block and parameter to be used are given

below.

 Carrier Signal frequency = 2*pi*25 and sampling time=1/5000

 Message Signal frequency = 2*pi and sampling time=1/5000

 Amplitudes of Message Signal is 1 and Carrier Signal is 3

 Analog Filter Design Filter Order= 4

To study the Amplitude Demodulation, we need the Amplitude modulation. So, first, we

develop the Amplitude modulation, which is a combination of several blocks to develop the

following formula; Modulated signal=Vc (1+ msin(2 πfmt))*sin(2 πfct). After that we are

going to multiply the carrier signal and inter the filter (buffer). The sine wave will display in

the Scope. Which gives us a Demodulation signal. So, the Demodulated signal is dependent

on the filter.

Prepared By: Rajalakshmi S Menon, ADW

 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS:

1. Comment on your results.

To begin with the, Am demodulation is a concept, which is to return the Modulated signal to

a Message signal. Which is known as AM-Demodulated. Also, from the result we can see

that the message signal and Demodulated signal are approximately similar, but with different

amplitudes. Moreover, it’s on the positive side because of the filter (Buffer). This can be seen

in Figure 1. Therefore, there is a phase shift in a Demodulated signal. This is because of the

amplitude of the message signal and carrier signal. Where the message signal amplitude less
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥" 𝑉𝑚$𝑛
than the carrier signal (Vm < Vc). In addition, the index modulation is 0.5; m= =
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥$𝑉𝑚$𝑛

%.5"(.5
%.5$(.5 = 0.5.

Figure 1: General Amplitude Demodulation

Prepared By: Rajalakshmi S Menon,

ADW
 2. Upload your Simulink file.

Figure 2: Simulink
Figure 3

3. Explain your result. (Identify each block function)

 A Message signal is a sine wave that carries information such as voice, and data.

 Also, the Carrier signal is a sine wave, but it’s worked to modulated for transmission by

AM.

 m Block is a modulation index that shows how the Amplitude Modulation changed.

 Moreover, Product 1 is the multiplication of the message signal with the modulation

index (0.5).

 Then, the Adder used to add the constant (1) with the message signal parameters.

 However, Product 2 is used to multiply the message signal parameters after being added

with the constant, with the carrier signal. Which will lead to modulate the signal.

 Therefore, Product 3 is used to multiply the output from Product 2 with the carrier signal.

 Lastly, the output from product 3 is interred into the Filter (Buffer), which is

Demodulated the Amplitude modulation to return back as the message signal.

 Finally, the Display (scope) has been used to see or display the output result.

Prepared By: Rajalakshmi S Menon, ADW

4. What will happen to the waveform when the modulation index m=1. Attach the

scope results and Comment on your result.

As we know the range of the normal index modulation is between 0 and 1. In this case, as we

have to use the index modulation of 100% and the Amplitude modulation becomes perfect

modulated. This can be seen in figure 4. The Demodulation signal in this case has less curve

at the beginning of the waveform. Also, it starts from zero and it’s doesn’t reach the negative

values. However, the demodulated waveform it’s looks like the message signal with different

amplitudes. So, if we see them without the amplitude number, we will think they are one

signal.

Figure 4: perfect modulated; m= 100%

Prepared By: Rajalakshmi S Menon, ADW

5. What will happen to the waveform when the modulation index m<1. Attach the

scope results and Comment on your result.

In this second case, as we decrease the index modulation more than one, the Amplitude

modulation becomes under modulated. This can be seen in figure 5. The Demodulation signal

in this case has more curve at the beginning of the waveform. Also, it starts from zero and it’s

doesn’t reach the negative values. However, it’s in a specific amount of amplitude. If we see

from figure 5, the range of its amplitude between 5.5 and 3.5. Moreover, this range was very

small which is about increasing/ decreasing for 2 units only.

Figure 5: Under Modulated

Prepared By: Rajalakshmi S Menon, ADW

6. What will happen to the waveform when the modulation index m>1. Attach the

scope results and Comment on your result.

In this case, when the Amplitude modulation becomes over modulated which can be seen in

figure 6. Also, the demodulated signal reaches negative values. This means when we increase

the modulation index, the demodulation signal effected. Moreover, by increases the index

modulation the amplitude of the Demodulation increases also. However, the demodulation

still has the message signal waveform shape.

Figure 6: Over modulated; m>1

Prepared By: Rajalakshmi S Menon, ADW

CONCLUSION AND OBSERVATION

Demodulation is the reverse process where the received signal is transformed to their original form.

Amplitude Modulation (AM) is the process of changing the amplitude of a relatively high-frequency

carrier signal in proportion with the instantaneous value of the modulating signal. A high-frequency

carrier signal is also termed the radio-frequency (RF) signal because it is at a high-enough frequency

to be transmitted through free space as a radio wave. Low-frequency information signal is also term

such as modulating signal, intelligence, and audio signal.

Prepared By: Rajalakshmi S Menon, ADW