PHYSICS

FORMULA BOOKLET
INDEX
S.No. Topic Page No.

1. Unit and Dimension 2

2. Rectilinear Motion 3–4
3. Projectile Motion & Vector 5–5
4. Relavitve Motion 5–7
5. Newton’s Laws of Motion 7–9
6. Friction 9–9
7. Work, Power & Energy 10 – 11
8. Circular Motion 11 – 14
9. Centre of Mass 14 – 18
10. Rigid Body Dynamics 18 – 25
11. Simple Harmonic Motion 26 – 28
12. Sting Wave 29 – 31
13. Heat & Thermodynamics 31 – 37
14. Electrostatics 37 – 40
15. Current Electricity 41 – 47
16. Capacitance 47 – 51
17. Alternating Current 52 – 54
18. Magnetic Effect of Current & Magnetic
force on charge 54 – 56
19. Electromagnetic Induction 56 – 59
20. Geometrical Optics 59 – 66
21. Modern Physics 67 – 70
22. Wave Optics 70 – 73
23. Gravitation 73 – 75
24. Fluid Mechanics & Properties of Matter 75 – 77
25. Sound Wave 77 – 79
26. Electro Magnetic Waves 79 – 80
27. Error and Measurement 80 – 81
28. Principle of Communication 82 – 83
29. Semiconductor 84 – 85

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 PHYSICS
FORMULA BOOKLET
UNIT AND DIMENSIONS
Unit :
Measurement of any physical quantity is expressed in terms of an
internationally accepted certain basic standard called unit.
* Fundamental Units.

S.No. Physical Quantity SI Unit Symbol

1 Length Metre m
2 Mass Kilogram Kg
3 Time Second S
4 Electric Current Ampere A
5 Temperature Kelvin K
6 Luminous Intensity Candela Cd
7 Amount of Substance Mole mol
* Supplementary Units :
S.No. Physical Quantity SI Unit Symbol
1 Plane Angle radian r
2 Solid Angle Steradian Sr

* Metric Prefixes :

S .N o . P re fix S ym b o l V a lu e
1 C e n ti c 1 0 –2
2 M ili m 1 0 –3
3 M icro µ 1 0 –6
4 Nano n 1 0 –9
–12
5 P ico p 10
3
6 K ilo K 10
6
7 M ega M 10

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 RECTILINEAR MOTION

Average Velocity (in an interval) :

Total displacement r  ri
v av = v = <v> = = f
Total time taken t
Average Speed (in an interval)
Total distance travelled
Average Speed =
Total time taken
Instantaneous Velocity (at an instant) :

  r 
v inst = lim 
t  0  t 


Average acceleration (in an interval):

  
 v v f  vi
a av = =
t t
Instantaneous Acceleration (at an instant):

 dv  v 
 
a = = lim
dt t 0  t 
 

Graphs in Uniformly Accelerated Motion along a straight line

(a  0)
 x is a quadratic polynomial in terms of t. Hence x  t graph is a
parabola.
x
x
a<0
xi xi
a>0

t t
0 0
x-t graph
 v is a linear polynomial in terms of t. Hence vt graph is a straight line of
slope a.
v v
a
= slo
e u pe
op =
sl a
u
a is positive a is negative
t t
0 0

Page # 3
 v-t graph
 at graph is a horizontal line because a is constant.
a a
positive
acceleration
a
0
negative
acceleration
t a
0

a-t graph
Maxima & Minima
dy d  dy 
=0 &   < 0 at maximum
dx dx  dx 

dy d  dy 
and =0&   > 0 at minima.
dx dx  dx 
Equations of Motion (for constant acceleration)
(a) v = u + at
1 2 1 2 1 2
(b) s = ut + at s = vt  at xf = xi + ut + at
2 2 2
(c) v 2 = u2 + 2as
(u  v ) a
(d) s= t (e) sn = u + (2n  1)
2 2
For freely falling bodies : (u = 0)
(taking upward direction as positive)
(a) v = – gt
1 2 1 2 1 2
(b) s=– gt s = vt  gt hf = hi – gt
2 2 2
(c) v 2 = – 2gs
g
(d) sn = – (2n  1)
2

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 PROJECTILE MOTION & VECTORS
2u sin 
Time of flight : T= g

u 2 sin 2
Horizontal range : R=
g

u 2 sin 2 
Maximum height : H=
2g
Trajectory equation (equation of path) :

gx 2 x
y = x tan  – 2 2 = x tan  (1 – )
2u cos  R
Projection on an inclined plane

y



Up the Incline Down the Incline

2u 2 sin  cos(    ) 2u 2 sin  cos(   )
Range
g cos 2 
g cos 2 

2u sin  2u sin 
Time of flight
g cos  g cos 
Angle of projection with
   
incline plane for maximum  
range 4 2 4 2
u2 u2
Maximum Range
g(1  sin  ) g(1  sin  )

RELATIVE MOTION
  
v AB ( velocity of A with respect to B )  v A  v B

  
a AB (acceleration of A with respect to B )  a A  aB

  
Relative motion along straight line - x BA  x B  x A

Page # 5