7

Department of Education
Capas National High School
Dolores, Capas, Tarlac

Recognizing Computer

Internet & Computing 1|Page

Fundamentals (ICF)
Internet and Computing Fundamentals I – Grade 7
Supplementary Learning Resource
Quarter 1 – Recognizing Computers
First Edition 2020

Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of
the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be
necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a
condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e. songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.)
included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate
and seek information to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors
do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by Capas National High School

JENNY G. BENGCO

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HOW TO USE THIS MODULE

Welcome to the Quarter 1 Module “Basics of Computers”. This module contains reading materials and activities
for you to complete.
This module covers the knowledge, skills and attitude required in learning to recognize computer. This module is
composed of five (5) lessons: (1) Classification of Computers, (2) Types of Network (3) Elements of Computer, (4)
Understanding Memory and (5) Input and Output Devices - to facilitate a comprehensible understanding for the students.
This module tackles the individual component of Personal Computers
Moreover, this module will help to contribute in the acquisition of a broader scope of the communicative skills of
the learners by using the digital tools of the modern information and communication technology.
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to complete each of the learning outcomes
of the module.
What I need to know? This will tell you what you should know and be
able to do at the end of the module.

What I Know? This will assess and gauge you of what you
already know about the lesson.

What is it? This is discussion of th activity. This will also help

you form and analyze concepts by taking notes
and information from the lesson.

What I have learned This will introdice you to new lessons trough an
activity.

What’s new? This will introdice you to new lessons trough an

activity.

What’s more? These are assessments and activities either

guided or independently done to enrich learning.

What can I do? This is an activity that will transfer and apply
knowledge and skills gained/ learned into real-
life situations.

How well did I This is the process to evaluate the skills that you
perform? have gained.

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 How much I have Assessment to validate your knowledge and level
learned? of mastery in achieving the learning

What’s in? This will connect you to from the previous lesson
to the current lesson by going over points that
were taught previously.

Answer Key The module is provided with key to corrections

forevery activity and assessment.

This module is the primary educational material for you. Read each lesson and do the work you have to
do. Furthermore, carry out all activities to understand the subject diligently.

This material was contextualized by:

JENNY G. BENGCO

Reviewed by:

JONNABEL P. CATACUTAN
HT-VI, TVE DEPT.

Approved by:

YOLANDA M. GOMZALES, EdD.

PRINCIPAL IV

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Subject: Internet and Computing Fundamentals I
Unit of Competency: Recognize Computer
Module Title: Recognizing Computers

Introduction:

Computer has become a part of our daily lives since it can store a large volume of information.
Nowadays, computers are used not just in businesses, transportation, communication, and education but also
for personal use. In just one click, one can access information just about anything in a jiffy. Computers can help
a person do his task easily, accurately and quickly. Computers can even help save lives especially in the field of
medicine. Even disabled people can use computers to guide them in their normal activities. Thus, computers
have now become a necessity and not just a luxury.

This module contains information and suggested learning activities on Recognizing Computers. It
includes information needed to recognize computer, the different types, the network, elements, its memory and
devices.
Completion of this module will help you understand the succeeding module on Recognizing Computers.
This module consists of five (5) learning outcomes. Each learning outcomes contains learning activities with
instruction.

Learning Outcomes

Upon completion of the module, the students should be able to:

LO1 Familiarize the different classification of computers

LO2 Recognize the different types of Network
LO3 Identify the Elements of Computers
LO4 Understand Computer Memory
LO5 Identify Input and Output Device

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 Lesson 1: CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS

Learning Outcome 1: Familiarize the different classification of computers

What I Need to Know

Students will be able to:

 Define computer
 Identify the different classification of computers according to size, power and purpose.
 Learn and categorize the different types of microcomputers.

What I Know

Name Date:

Directions: Read each item carefully. Decide the best answer for each item. Encircle the letter of your correct answer

1. Who had built the first electronic digital computer?

a. George Boole b. Charles Babbage c. John Atanasoff d. Bill Gates
2. What is a computer?
a. A programmable electronic device that processes data via instructions to output information for future use.
b. Raw facts and figures that has no meaning processed via a set of instructions.
c. Meaning attached to data letters, pictures, symbols or sounds.
3. A computer that operates on digital data.
a. remote b hybrid c analog d digital
4. are used for solving complex application such as Global Weather Forecasting.
a. Super Computers b. Public computers c. Mobile computers d. Hybrid computers
5. A portable, usually battery-powered, small enough to rest on your lap computer is an example of
a. Mainframes b. Laptops c. Microprocessors d. Hybrid
6. PDA stands for?
a. personal digital applications b. private digital applications
b. personal digital assistants d. private digital assistants
7. Which of the following is not a type of computer on the basis of operation?
a. Remote b. Hybrid c. Analog d. Digital
8. This is the type of computer with most powerful computer systems, and fastest processing speed.
a. Micro computer b. Mainframe c. Analog d. Supercomputer
9. Computer that is commonly found in medium-sized manufacturing companies.
a. mini computer b. mainframe c. super computer d. hybrid
10. Centralized system type of computer that process large volumes of data at incredible speed.
a. mini computer b. analog c. mainframe d. hybrid

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 What’s In

Most of us are stuck with the idea that computer is an electronic device which takes in some input and
delivers an output accordingly. Well there is nothing wrong in that but the entire input-output thing involves a lot
of functioning in between.

It is so complex that as you keep on learning about them you can never stop appreciating the beauty of
computers.

“What are you’re expectations about the lesson “ Classification of Computers?”

1. _ _ _

2. _ _ _

3. _ _ _

What’s New

Name : Date :

Direction: Write down the different computer that you know.

1.

2.

3.

4.

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 What is It

A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It has the ability
to store, retrieve, and process data.. The term ‘computer is derived from the Latin term ‘computare’, this means to
calculate. Computer cannot do anything without a Program. It represents the decimal numbers through a string of
binary digits. The Word 'Computer’ usually refers to the Center Processor Unit plus Internal memory.The basic
components of a modern digital computer are: Input Device, Output Device, and Central Processor.

Charles Babbage is called the "Grand Father" of the computer. The First mechanical computer designed by
Charles Babbage was called Analytical Engine. It uses read-only memory in the form of punch cards.

Four Functions about computer are:

Input
Process
Output Information Processing Cycle
Storage

Computers are showing up everywhere you look, and even in places you can't see. Computers check out your
groceries, pump your gas, dispense money at the ATM, turn the heat on and off .They're everywhere!

Computers are available in different shapes, sizes and weights, that is why they perform different sorts of jobs
from one another. Computers vary in size and shape that is why a computer used in a hospital is different from that used
in a home.

What are the Different Types of Computers?

A. Based on the operational principle of computers,

they are categorized as analog, digital and hybrid computers

1. Analog Computers: It is a form of computer that uses the continuously

changeable aspects of physical phenomena such as electrical, mechanical, or
hydraulic quantities to model the problem being solved. In contrast, digital
computers represent varying quantities symbolically, as their numerical values
change.

2. Digital Computers: Operate essentially by counting. All quantities are

expressed as discrete or numbers. Digital computers are useful for evaluating
arithmetic expressions and manipulations of data (such as preparation of bills,
ledgers, solution of simultaneous equations etc).

3. Hybrid Computers: These computers are a combination of both digital

and analog computers. In this type of computers, the digital segments
perform process control by conversion of analog signals to digital ones.

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B. based on their sizes and processing powers.

1. Supercomputer is a computer that performs at or near the currently highest

operational rate for computers. A supercomputer is typically used for scientific and
engineering applications that must handle very large databases or do a great
amount of computation (or both).
2. Mainframe Computers: This type of computer fills an entire room and sometimes
called centralized systems. It can simultaneously handle hundreds of programs
and users without sacrificing performance. Large organizations use mainframes
for highly critical applications such as bulk data processing. Most of the mainframe
computers have capacities to host multiple operating systems and operate as a
number of virtual machines.

3. Minicomputer. This computer offers less than mainframe in work and performance. It process data at slower
rate and smaller volumes and noticeable reduction in speed with more users. Commonly found in a medium-
sized manufacturing companies and mostly preferred by the small type of business, personals, and colleges.

4. Microcomputers: A computer with a microprocessor and its central processing unit is known as a
microcomputer. They do not occupy space as much as mainframes do. When supplemented with a keyboard and
a mouse, microcomputers can be called personal computers. These computers can fit on desks or tables and
prove to be the best choice for single-user tasks. Microcomputers are also called as Personal computers come
in different forms such as desktops, laptops and personal digital assistants.

a. Desktop Computer - is a personal computer designed for regular use at a single

location on or near a desk or table due to its size and power requirements.
b. Laptop - a portable computer, usually battery-powered, small enough to rest on
the user's lap having its main components (such as processor, keyboard, and

display screen) integrated into a single unit.

c. Personal Digital Assistant - is a handheld device that combines computing,
telephone/fax, Internet and networking features.

d. Workstations - is a special computer designed for technical or

scientific application. Intended primarily to be used by multiple
users who share same software or data file or could be used solely by one person.
They are commonly connected to a local area network and run multi-user
operating systems.

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 What’s More

A. Direction: Re-arrange the letter to form a word related to Lesson 1.

Jumbled Letters Correct Term

1. otaplp

2. kdeopts

3. infameram

4. adp

5. tigdial

What I Have Learned

A. Direction: Matching Type: Look for the types of computers in column B that matches its description in
column A. Write the letter of your answer in the space before each number.

Answer Column A Column B

1. These are mobile computers that are very handy to use. a. PDA
2. Intended primarily to be used by multiple users who share same software or
b. Microcomputers
data file or could be used solely by one person
3. It is intended to be used on a single location. The spare parts of this
c. Hybrid computer
computer are readily available at relatively lower costs.
4. It is a handheld computer and popularly known as a palmtop. d. Tablet computer
5. They fall in the category of laptops, but are inexpensive and relatively
smaller in size. e. Desktop
6. They are enabled with an inbuilt keyboard, touch pad acting as a mouse
and a liquid crystal display. f. Workstations
7. It is a computer that performs at or near the currently highest operational
rate for computers. g. Laptop
8. When supplemented with a keyboard and a mouse, they can be called
personal computers. h. Notebook

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 9. These computers are a combination of both digital and analog computers. i. Digital Computer
10. They use digital circuits and are designed to operate on two states, j. Supercomputers
namely bits 0 and 1.

What I Can Do

A. Directions: Group the pictures according to size, power and purpose by filling its corresponding letter in the
table below.

A B C

D E F

G H I J

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 Supercomputer Microcomputer Mainframe Minicomputer

B. Direction: Read each statement below carefully. Place T on the line, if you think a statement is TRUE. Place F, if
you think the statement is FALSE

1. Micro computers are the most powerful computer systems, with the fastest processing speed.
2. Desktop computer is a mainframe computer that fits on or under a desk.
3. In computer, you can do multitasking. Creating presentation and playing music at the same time.
4. A portable, usually battery-powered, small enough to rest on your lap computer is an example of
microcomputer.
5. Computer can be used as a tool for communication.

C. Direction: Identify the following. Choose your answer inside the box.

Microcomputer Desktop PDA

Mainframe Super computer Mini Computer
Laptop

6. A single user computer that is highly versatile, small enough to fit on an office desk.
7.Computer that is commonly found in medium-sized manufacturing companies.
8. Small palm-sized computers and known as Pocket PC.
9. Centralized system type of computer that process large volumes of data at incredible speed.
10. Computer designed for one user, sit on, beside or under a desk.

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 Assessment

Name: Date:

Directions: Read each item carefully. Decide the best answer for each item. Encircle the letter of your correct answer

1. What is a computer?
a. A programmable electronic device that processes data via instructions to output information for future use.
b. Raw facts and figures that has no meaning processed via a set of instructions.
c. Meaning attached to data letters, pictures, symbols or sounds.
2. A computer that operates on digital data.
a. remote b hybrid c analog d digital
3. Who had built the first electronic digital computer?
a. George Boole b. Charles Babbage c. John Atanasoff d. Bill Gates
4. are used for solving complex application such as Global Weather Forecasting.
a. Super Computers b. Public computers c. Mobile computers d. Hybrid computers
5. A portable, usually battery-powered, small enough to rest on your lap computer is an example of
a. Mainframes b. Laptops c. Microprocessors d. Hybrid
6. PDA stands for?
a. personal digital applications b. private digital applications
b. personal digital assistants d. private digital assistants
7. Which of the following is not a type of computer on the basis of operation?
a. Remote b. Hybrid c. Analog d. Digital
8. This is the type of computer with the most powerful computer systems, and fastest processing speed.
a. Microcomputer b. Mainframe c. Analog d. Supercomputer
9. Computer that is commonly found in medium-sized manufacturing companies.
a. minicomputer b. mainframe c. super computer d. hybrid
10. Centralized system type of computer that process large volumes of data at incredible speed.
a. minicomputer b. analog c. mainframe d. hybrid
11. Small palm-sized computers and known as Pocket PC.
a. PDA b. Laptops c. Workstations d. Hybrid
12. When supplemented with a keyboard and a mouse, they can be called personal computers.
a. Microcomputer b. Supercomputer c. Mainframe Computer d. Minicomputer
13. Their portability and capacity to operate on battery power have proven to be of great help to mobile users.
a. Desktop b. Notebook c. PDA d. Laptop
14. These computers are a combination of both digital and analog computers.
a. Analog b. Digital c. Hybrid d. Supercomputer
15. Which of the following is not a type of computer on the basis of processing power?
a. Microcomputer b. Mainframe c. Super computer d. None

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 Additional Activities

Direction: Write T on the blank provided if the statement is true. Otherwise write F if it is wrong.

1. Desktop PC is an example of microcomputer.

2. A tablet is a kind of medicine
3. PDA stands for Programmable Digital Assistant
4. You use stylus to operate a tablet
5. Laptops, Notebooks and tablets are portable devices

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 LESSON 2 : COMPUTER NETWORKS

Learning Outcome : Identify the different types of Network

What I Need to Know

Students will be able to:

 Define network.
 Identify the different types of network.
 Know the use of hardware devices of network.

What I Know

Name : Date:

Direction: Read the items carefully. Decide the best answer for each item. Encircle the letter of your choice.

1. It connects networking devices with in short spam of area, i.e. small offices, home, internet cafes etc.
a. LAN b. MAN c. WAN d. CAN

2. This is a physical device that can pass packets between a legacy application type network (such as an Ethernet)
and an ATM network by using data link layer and Network layer information.
a. bridge b. router c. switch d. hub

3. Which of the following communication system hardware devices is commonly used as a wireless access point?
a. Router b. bridge c. firewall d. server

4. Following are the disadvantages of wireless network except:

a. Security b. Interference c. Cost d. Speed

5. It is used for data storage and it has no use for most of the organization but data oriented organizations.
a. LAN b. SAN c. WAN d. PAN

6. This kind of network is not mostly used but it has its own importance for some government bodies and
organizations on larger scale.
a. LAN b. MAN c. WAN d. PAN

7. It covers large distance for communication between computers. The Internet itself is the biggest example of this
type of network
a. LAN b. MAN c. WAN d. PAN

8. Which of the following devices is used to connect one network to another network?
a. Router b. Fast setup c. Mobility d. Security

9. Small device that connects computers together.

a. Router b. serverc. hub d. wifi
10. Computer network that connects computers within a limited area such as home, school, computer rooms, office
building, using network media.
a. LAN b. CAN c. WAN d. MAN

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 What’s In

Name : Date:

Direction: Search for the seven (7) words related to our previous topic. Encircle the word/ words vertically,
horizontally, backward, upward or downward.

T S U P E R C O M P U T E R H
B O B U I A Y F B H B A L Y K
L A T I G I D B T B C L L Y R
D I H P D A A B R V A C O T O
C D C S A S C U C I M C C T W
S S L I S L T O E H D L A R T
V A O L E M A R F N I A M T E
E S C O T C I O C C S T L R N
E T A P O F D L O T U I W E H
E G O L A N A B R I D G E S H
T T U W C U O K K W U I I T N
E E G T T P M K I S H D L G H
C T A B L E T T T Q T A L Y G

What’s New

A. Direction: Read the items below. Identify the term being referred to. The number of boxes refers to the number of
letters of the correct answer. The first letter is given as a clue.

1. Physical or specialized software installed to prevent unauthorized access into any network connected.

F
2. Electronic devices join multiple computer networks together via wired or wireless connection

R
3. Allows network traffic to flow faster.

C
4. Device that allows a computer to send and receive data over a telephone line, satellite connection
M
5. An electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it at a higher level or higher power, or onto the other
side of an obstruction, so that the signal can cover longer distances.

R
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 What is It

A computer network consists of two or more computing devices that are connected in order to share
the components of your network (its resources) and the information you store. The most basic computer network (which
consists of just two connected computers) can expand and become more usable when additional computers join and add
their resources to those being shared. It is a collection of computers, servers, mainframes, network devices, peripherals,
or other devices connected to one another to allow the sharing of data. An excellent example of a network is the Internet,
which connects millions of people all over the world.

What are the Different Types of Computer Network?

1. Local Area Network

A LAN is a computer network which spans over a small geographical area such as
home, building, office, etc. In LAN, computers are placed relatively close. Since
computers are located within small distance, they do not need special devices and
cables to connect with each other.

2. MAN (Metropolitan area networks)

A MAN is a computer network which connects two or more LAN networks within same city.
When due to distance connecting two LANs is not possible, MAN network is used. It is larger
than LAN but smaller than WAN. It deploys special devices and cables to connect the LANs.

3. WAN (Wide Area Network)

WAN is a computer network which spans over a large geographical area such as state,
region, country etc. WANs are typically used to connect two or more LANs or MANs
which are located relatively very far from each other. To provide connectivity, this
network uses special devices, cables and technologies.

4. CAN (Campus Area Network)

Same as MAN network, but it is limited to a university or an academy. This network is

usually setup for educational activities such as classroom updates, practices labs, emails,
exams, notifications, polls, etc.

5. HAN (Home Area Network)

A home area network (HAN) is a network contained within a user's home that connects
a person's digital devices, from multiple computers and their peripheral devices to
telephones, VCRs, televisions, video games, home security systems, smart appliances, fax
machines and other digital devices that are wired into the network.

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Networking Hardware Vocabulary

Networking hardware includes all

computers, peripherals, interface cards and other
equipment needed to perform data-processing and
communications within the network.

Bridges

A bridge is a device that allows you to segment a large network into two smaller, more efficient networks. If you are adding
to an older wiring scheme and want the new network to be up-to-date, a bridge can connect the two.

A bridge monitors the information traffic on both sides of the network so that it can pass packets of information to the
correct location. Most bridges can "listen" to the network and automatically figure out the address of each computer on
both sides of the bridge. The bridge can inspect each message and, if necessary, broadcast it on the other side of the
network.

Firewalls

A firewall is a networking device that is installed at the entrance to a LAN when connecting a network together, particularly
when connecting a private network to a public network, such as the internet. The firewall uses rules to filter traffic into and
out of the private network, to protect the private network users and data from malevolent hackers. Firewalls are either
hardware or software, depending on their intended use. A firewall used to protect a network is a hardware device that
should be installed in the network between the router and the network.

Hub

A hardware device that contains multiple independent but connected modules of network and internetwork equipment.
Hubs can be active (where they repeat signals sent through them) or passive (where they do not repeat but merely split
signals sent through them).

Modems

It is a hardware component that allows a computer or another device, such as a router or switch, to connect to the
Internet. It converts or "modulates" an analog signal from a telephone or cable wire to digital data (1s and 0s) that a
computer can recognize. Similarly, it converts digital data from a computer or other device into an analog signal that can
be sent over standard telephone lines

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 Network Interface Cards

The network interface card (NIC) provides the physical connection between the network and the computer workstation.
Most NICs are internal, and they are included in the purchase of most computers. Network interface cards are a major
factor in determining the speed and performance of a network. It is a good idea to use the fastest network card available
for the type of workstation you are using.

Repeaters

Since a signal loses strength as it passes along a cable, it is often necessary to boost the signal with a device called a
repeater. The repeater electrically amplifies the signal it receives and rebroadcasts it. Repeaters can be separate devices
or they can be incorporated into a concentrator. They are used when the total length of your network cable exceeds the
standards set for the type of cable being used.

Routers

This is a device that connects any number of LANs. Routers are the traffic directors of the global internet. All routers
maintain complex routing tables which allow them to determine appropriate paths for packets destined for any address.
Routers communicate with each other, and forward network packets out of or into a network.

Switches

A switch is a device that provides a central connection point for cables from workstations, servers, and peripherals. Split
large networks into small segments, decreasing the number of users sharing the same network resources and bandwidth.
It helps prevent data collisions and reduces network congestion, increasing network performance.

Workstations1

Computers that humans use are broadly categorized as workstations. A typical workstation is a computer that is
configured with a network interface card, networking software, and the appropriate cables. Workstations do not
necessarily need large storage hard drives, because files can be saved on the file server. Almost any computer can serve
as a network workstation.

1
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 What I Can Do

Name : Date:

A. Direction: Identify what is being described. Choose the answers on the box provided.

a. HAN b. MAN c.LAN d.WAN e.CAN

1.Computers within a military base connected

2.Teacher in the Philippines and a student from Korea having a discussion
3.Small to medium of computers connected together in confined area.
4.Computers connected over long distances
5.Three computer units connected at Juan Dela Cruz residence
6.Computer units in an ICT laboratory sharing printer
7. Food chains connected in the city of Tarlac
8. Computers connected in limited area such as campus or military base
9. Computers connected in a home environment.
10. Computers connected in the City area.

B. Direction: Enumerate what is being asked:

Types of Computer Network

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Network hardware

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

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 Assessment

Name: Date:

Direction: Read the items carefully. Decide the best answer for each item. Encircle the letter of your choice.

1. The internet is what type of network

a. LAN b. WAN c. CAN d. none
2. Can two connected computers be considered a network?
a. Yes b. No
3. What is the acronym for LAN?
a. Local Access Network c. Local Area Network
b. Line and Networking d. Line Area Network
4. WAN cover a larger geographical area than MAN?
a. True b. False
5. Which of these is NOT a device specifically used for computer networking?
a. NIC b. router c. hub d. USB
6. Area network covers a large geographical area.
a. World b. Wide c. Web
7. A device which is used to boost the signal between two cable segments or wireless access points is
a. switch b. router c. hub d. modem
8. A device that is used to connect a number of LANs is –
a. router b. hub c. repeaters d. bridge
9. It converts or "modulates" an analog signal from a telephone or cable wire to digital data (1s and 0s) that a
computer can recognize.
a. modem b. bridge c. repeaters d. router
10. Hospital, banks and supermarkets are alllinked using which network type?
a. WAN b. MAN c. CAN d. LAN

Additional Activities

Direction: Give the meaning of the following acronyms:

1. NIC
2. WAN
3. HAN
4. MAN
5. CAN
6. LAN

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 LESSON 3 : ELEMENTS OF COMPUTER

Learning Outcome: Identify the elements of computer

What I Need to Know

Students will be able to:

 Identify the different elements of computer
 Discuss the function of a System Unit
 Know the use and components of Motherboard.

What I Know

Name : Date:

Direction: Read the items carefully. Decide the best answer for each item. Encircle the letter of your choice.

1. The elements of Personal computer are software, hardware, data and .

a. RAM b. User c. Input d. Output

2. What is the central element of computer

a. hardware b. software c. User d. data

3. What is equipment called?

a. hardware b. software c. User d. data

4. What are programs called?

a. hardware b. software c. User d. data

5. The 4 Major hardware component parts are CPU, RAM, I/O Devices and .
a. Storage Devices b. Input c. Media d. Computer

6. The four major hardware components are also referenced as

a. Internal and External Devices b. Processing device c. both

7. What's the largest electronic circuit board in the computer

a. Motherboard b. daughterboard c. RAM d. Expansion slot

8. What's the foundation of the computer

a. Motherboard b. daughterboard c. Expansion slot d. RAM

9. Where do smaller circuit boards get plugged into

a. Motherboard b. daughterboard c. Expansion slot d. RAM

10. It is a special type of memory holding information that has been programmed into it during construction.
a. RAM b. ROM c. motherboard d. system unit

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 What’s In

Name : Date:

Direction: Expand the following acronym to remember the meaning that corresponds on the
previous topic.
Acronym Meaning
1. WAN
2. MAN
3. CAN
4. LAN
5. HAN

What’s New

A. Filling the blanks. Supply with the missing term that would complete each one. Choose your answer below and
write the answer on the blanks provided.

Hardware Software

User Data

Process Motherbioard

1. is a set of coded instructions that the computer uses in order to carry out the user's tasks.

2. is the actual heart of the PC as it determines the computational power of the computer.

3. one or a set or multiple sets of information used in a process to obtain targeted result or goal.

4. is the central element of computer.

5. The of the personal computer system are made up of its equipment

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 What is It

What makes up a Personal Computer?

The computer is made up of different components, all of which are very important for the overall effective
functioning of its system. This lesson discusses these components and helps the learner to understand the role and
contribution of each component to the effective working of the system.

There are 4 elements that make up a personal computer system :

1. hardware- It is defined as hardware because you can physically touch these components .The hardware of
the personal computer system are made up of its equipment that are usually connected (the computer,
monitor, printer and so on).
The 4 Major hardware component parts

 CPU
 RAM
 I/O Devices
 Storage Devices

2. software- is a set of coded instructions that the computer uses in order to carry out the user's tasks.The
programs are called software since their function can only be used when the computer is turn ON. The
software that the user used requires certain hardware components to function properly.
3. Data- one or a set or multiple sets of information used in a process to obtain targeted result or goal. In other
words, pieces of information which by itself may or may not be meaningful but useful when connected or used
with other pieces of information to form a piece of information that are meaningful. Data is primarily of two
types, numeric data and non-numeric data. However, it can be of various types such as numbers, texts,
images, etc.
4. User- is the person's who perform the task using the computer system. The nature of the task depends upon
the application program or software that is needed to perform the task.

All working together for the whole system. Each of these elements is essential to the system itself.

What is a System Unit

The system unit is the main component of the PC to which other components are connected. The system unit contains:

 Motherboard
 Microprocessor or Central Processing Unit (CPU)
 Memory (RAM and ROM)
 Power supply unit
 Disk drives

The Motherboard

The motherboard holds the microprocessor, memory chips (RAM and ROM),
expansion slots, power connectors and any other microchips required for the PC to

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function. It is the actual heart of the PC as it determines the computational power of the computer. The main components
of a motherboard are the following:

The Microprocessor
It is referred to as the brain of the PC. The microprocessor is also known as the CPU (Central Processing Unit). The
microprocessor does the following:

 Carries out commands to make the hardware components perform actions.

 Processes data. This involves:

- Performing logical instructions such as comparing

- Performing mathematical instructions such as adding and subtracting

Although the instructions performed by the CPU are relatively simple, the CPU can execute many millions of instructions
every second. This is what makes the PC such a powerful tool.

Memory (RAM and ROM)

RAM is used in many parts of the PC. It can be used to provide motherboard, video card,
sound card and cache memory. System RAM is a form of high-speed memory; the
microprocessor uses system RAM for the temporary storage of programs and data. RAM is
measured in megabytes (MB).
ROM. It is a special type of memory holding information that has been programmed into it
during construction. The PC user cannot change this information. An example of ROM
memory is the PC's ROM BIOS (Basic Input/ Output System) chip. This ROM chip
contains a set of instructions that the microprocessor uses when the PC is turned on or
reset. For example, it contains the code that allows the microprocessor to communicate with the floppy disk drive and
hard disk drive so that the operating system can be loaded.

The Power Supply. The power supply is responsible for converting the incoming electricity supply to the 5v and 12v DC
power that is required by the PC for it’s operation. The 5v supply is used to power the circuit
boards on the PC. The 12v supply is used to power motor-driven de vices such as hard drives
or CD-ROMs. Many newer systems also require 3.3v or 2.8v, as current processors tend to
use lower voltages. Devices such as CD-ROMs and floppy drives are connected to the power
supply using molex or mini molex connectors. The motherboard connectors are known as P8
and P9.

Expansion Slots .These slots are designed so you can expand your computer by adding items such as a graphics card,
memory, etc. PCI Slots Peripheral Component Interconnect; these slots allow you to add new
components or cards in the computer, such as a modem or sound card. PCI can also be used
on newer Macintosh computers.

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 What’s More

Name : Date:

Directions: Identify the following . Choose your answer inside the box.

Motherboard CD / DVD Random Access Memory

CD/DVD Drive Power supply fan ports

What I have Learned

Direction : Enumerate the following.

A. The 4 elements of Computer

1.
2.
3.
4.
B. 4 Hardware Components
1.
2.
3.
4.
C. The main components of a motherboard

1.
2.
3
4.

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 What I Can Do

Name : _ Date:

Direction: Identify whether Software or Hardware.

1. Anti-virus

2. Printer

3. Facebook

4. Keyboard

5. Windows

6.Google

Monitor

System Unit

Recycle bin

Scanner

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 Assessment

Name : Date:

Direction: Read the items carefully. Decide the best answer for each item. Encircle the letter of your choice.

1. The elements of Personal computer are software, hardware, data and .

a. RAM b. User c. Input d. Output

2. What is the central element of computer

a. hardware b. software c. User d. data

3. What is equipment called?

a. hardware b. software c. User d. data

4. What are programs called?

a. hardware b. software c. User d. data

5. The 4 Major hardware component parts are CPU, RAM, I/O Devices and .
a. Storage Devices b. Input c. Media d. Computer

6. The four major hardware components are also referenced as

a. Internal and External Devices b. Processing device c. both

7. What's the largest electronic circuit board in the computer

a. Motherboard b. daughterboard c. RAM d. Expansion slot

8. What's the foundation of the computer

a. Motherboard b. daughterboard c. Expansion slot d. RAM

9.. Where do smaller circuit boards get plugged into

a. Motherboard b. daughterboard c. Expansion slot d. RAM

10. It is a special type of memory holding information that has been programmed into it during construction.
a. RAM b. ROM c. motherboard d. system unit

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 LESSON 4 : UNDERSTANDING MEMORY

Learning Outcome 1 : Understand the computer memory

What I Need to Know

Students will be able to:

 Define memory
 Discuss the types of computer memory.
 Explain the function

What I Know

Name Date:

Directions: Read each item carefully. Decide the best answer for each item. Encircle the letter of your correct answer

1. Computer memory is the same as computer storage?

True B. False
2. How much can 1 byte hold?
a. 1 letter b.1 word c. up to 3 words d. none of the above
3. Where does most data go first within a computer’s memory hierarchy?
a. RAM b. ROM c. Cache
4. What is a memory cache?
a. Amount of memory storage device that keeps certain data available for quick reference.
b. An outdated memory storage device.
c. A temporary memory storage device that keeps certain data available for quick reference.
5. Which one is volatile memory?
a. ROM b. USB c. RAM d. cache
6. What does RAM stand for?
a. Random Accessible Memory b. Random Access Memory c. Random Accurate Memory
7. What 2 numbers are bits presented by?
a. 1, 2 b. 1, 0 c. 0, 2 d. 10, 1
8. How many bytes are in a kilobyte?
a.100 b. 1,000 c. 10,000 d. 1
9. It is a type of memory that is used to hold those parts of data and program which are most frequently used by the CPU.
a. Cache b. RAM c. ROM d all of them
10. This type of memory is non-volatile.
a. RAM b. ROM c. cache d none

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 What’s In

Name : Date:

Directions. Fill in the blanks. Supply with the missing term that would complete each one. Write the answer on the
blanks provided.

1. There are elements that make up a personal computer system.

2. is a set of coded instructions that the computer uses in order to carry out the user's tasks

3. . The microprocessor is also known as the .

4. The 4 Major hardware component parts are CPU, , I/O Devices and storage devices.

5. is the person who perform the task using the computer system

What’s New

Word Search.

Direction: Search for the ten (10) words related to computer MEMORY. Encircle the word/ words vertically,
horizontally, backward, upward or downward.

byte volatile secondary

memory gigabytes chips
data primary cache disc

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 What is It

What Is Computer Memory?

Computer memory is any physical device capable of storing information temporarily, like RAM (random
access memory), or permanently, like ROM (read-only memory). Memory devices utilize integrated circuits and
are used by operating systems, software, and hardware.
Your computer needs memory because the processor has no storage. Well, it has some storage, but
not a lot. Basically, the processor works like a calculator but without the paper tape. Computer memory acts like
that paper tape to help the processor store information and work on data. The reason that memory is only
temporary storage is that memory chips require electricity in order to maintain their information. So, when you’re
done creating something in memory, you must save that information to long-term storage in the PC’s mass
storage system. But for working on things, creating stuff, and engaging in general computer activity, memory is
where it’s at.

What does computer memory look like?

Below is an example of a 512 MB DIMM computer memory module. This memory module connects to the memory slot on
a computer motherboard.

Measuring Memory

Computer memory is measured by the byte. So what is a byte?

Think of a byte as a storage unit, but very small. A byte can store a single character. For example, the word computer is
eight characters long and requires eight bytes of computer memory storage. The word Tarlac is six characters long and
requires six bytes of memory to store. How many letters in your name? That’s how many bytes of storage your name
would occupy in computer memory.
Bytes are useful but puny. Today’s computer needs millions of bytes just to run the operating system. More
importantly, it’s easy to reference large quantities of memory as shown in Table 1.

Term Abbreviation Equivalent Actual

Byte 1 byte 1 byte
Kilobyte K or KB 1 thousand bytes 1,024 bytes
Megabyte M or MB 1 million bytes 1,048,576 bytes
Gigabyte G or GB 1 billion bytes 1,073,741,824 bytes
Terabyte T or TB 1 trillion bytes 1,099,511,627,776 bytes
Table 1

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 Memory Quantities

Types of memory

A memory is just like a human brain. It is used to store data and instructions. Computer memory is the storage
space in the computer, where data is to be processed and instructions required for processing are stored. The memory is
divided into large number of small parts called cells. Each location or cell has a unique address, which varies from zero
to memory size minus one. For example, if the computer has 64k words, then this memory unit has 64 * 1024 = 65536
memory locations. The address of these locations varies from 0 to 65535.
Memory is primarily of three types −

 Cache Memory
 Primary Memory/Main Memory
 Secondary Memory

Cache Memory

Cache memory is a very high speed semiconductor memory which can speed up the CPU. It acts as a buffer between
the CPU and the main memory. It is used to hold those parts of data and program which are most frequently used by the
CPU. The parts of data and programs are transferred from the disk to cache memory by the operating system, from
where the CPU can access them.

Advantages
The advantages of cache memory are as follows −

 Cache memory is faster than main memory.

 It consumes less access time as compared to main memory.
 It stores the program that can be executed within a short period of time.
 It stores data for temporary use.

Disadvantages
The disadvantages of cache memory are as follows −

 Cache memory has limited capacity.

 It is very expensive.

Primary Memory (Main Memory)

Primary memory holds only those data and instructions on which the computer is currently working. It has a limited
capacity and data is lost when power is switched off. It is generally made up of semiconductor device. These memories
are not as fast as registers. The data and instruction required to be processed resides in the main memory. It is divided
into two subcategories RAM and ROM.

Characteristics of Main Memory

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  These are semiconductor memories.
 It is known as the main memory.
 Usually volatile memory.
 Data is lost in case power is switched off.
 It is the working memory of the computer.
 Faster than secondary memories.
 A computer cannot run without the primary memory.

Secondary Memory

This type of memory is also known as external memory or non-volatile. It is slower than the main memory. These are
used for storing data/information permanently. CPU directly does not access these memories, instead they are accessed
via input-output routines. The contents of secondary memories are first transferred to the main memory, and then the
CPU can access it. For example, disk, CD-ROM, DVD, etc.

Characteristics of Secondary Memory

 These are magnetic and optical memories.

 It is known as the backup memory.
 It is a non-volatile memory.
 Data is permanently stored even if power is switched off.
 It is used for storage of data in a computer.
 Computer may run without the secondary memory.
 Slower than primary memories.
RAM (Random Access Memory) is the internal memory of the CPU for storing data, program, and program result. It is a
read/write memory which stores data until the machine is working. As soon as the machine is switched off, data is
erased.
Access time in RAM is independent of the address, that is, each storage location inside
the memory is as easy to reach as other locations and takes the same amount of time.
Data in the RAM can be accessed randomly but it is very expensive.
RAM is volatile, i.e. data stored in it is lost when we switch off the computer or if there is
a power failure. Hence, a backup Uninterruptible Power System (UPS) is often used
with computers. RAM is small, both in terms of its physical size and in the amount of
data it can hold.
RAM is of two types −

 Static RAM (SRAM) The word static indicates that the memory retains its contents as long as power is being
supplied. However, data is lost when the power gets down due to volatile nature.
 Dynamic RAM (DRAM)- DRAM, unlike SRAM, must be continually refreshed in order to maintain the data. This
is done by placing the memory on a refresh circuit that rewrites the data several hundred times per second.
DRAM is used for most system memory as it is cheap and small. All DRAMs are made up of memory cells, which
are composed of one capacitor and one transistor.

ROM stands for Read Only Memory. The memory from which we can only read but cannot write
on it. This type of memory is non-volatile. The information is stored permanently in such
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memories during manufacture. A ROM stores such instructions that are required to start a computer. This operation is
referred to as bootstrap. ROM chips are not only used in the computer but also in other electronic items like washing
machine and microwave oven.

The various types of ROMs - MROM (Masked ROM), PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable
and Programmable Read Only Memory)

Advantages of ROM

The advantages of ROM are as follows −

 Non-volatile in nature
 Cannot be accidentally changed
 Cheaper than RAMs
 Easy to test
 More reliable than RAMs
 Static and do not require refreshing
 Contents are always known and can be verified

What I have Learned

Directions. Describe what is the function of each type of memory:

Primary Memory

Secondary Memory

Cache memory

What I can Do

Direction: Complete the table below.

Term Abbreviation Equivalent

Byte byte
K or KB 1 thousand bytes
Megabyte 1 million bytes
Gigabyte G or GB
T or TB 1 trillion bytes

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 Assessment

Directions: Read each item carefully. Decide the best answer for each item. Encircle the letter of your correct
answer

1. How much can 1 byte hold?

a. 1 letter b.1 word c. up to 3 words d. none of the above
2. What is a memory cache?
a. Amount of memory storage device that keeps certain data available for quick reference.
b. An outdated memory storage device.
c. A temporary memory storage device that keeps certain data available for quick reference.
3. Which one is volatile memory?
a. ROM b. USB c. RAM d. cache
4. A ROM stores such instructions that are required to start a computer. This operation is referred to as .
a. volatile b bootstrap c. loading
5. Computer memory is measured by the .
a. bite b. bytes c. bate
6. What does RAM stand for?
a. Random Accessible Memory b. Random Access Memory c. Random Accurate Memory
7. What 2 numbers are bits presented by?
a. 1, 2 b. 1, 0 c. 0, 2 d. 10, 1
8. Where does most data go first within a computer’s memory hierarchy?
a. RAM b. ROM c. Cache
9. How many bytes are in a kilobyte?
a.100 b. 1,000 c. 10,000 d. 1
10. It is a type of memory that is used to hold those parts of data and program which are most frequently used by the
CPU.
a. Cache b. RAM c. ROM d all of them
11. This type of memory is non-volatile.
a. RAM b. ROM c. cache d none
12. What kind of computer memory is both static and non-volatile?
a. RAM b. ROM c. Cache memory
13. What is memory cache?
a. The amount of memory your computer has on hand for any particular task
b. An outdated memory storage device
c. A temporary memory storage device that keeps certain data available for quick reference
14. Which kind of computer memory is the first to activate when you turn on your computer?
a. RAM b. ROM c. Cache memory
15. The word indicates that the memory retains its contents as long as power is being supplied. However, data
is lost when the power gets down due to volatile nature.
a. stable b. static c. non-volatile d. cache
Additional Activities

A. Direction: Give the meaning of the following acronyms:

RAM
ROM
TB
CPU
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 UPS
MB
GB

LESSON 5 : INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES

Learning Outcome 1 : Identify the Input and Output devices

What I Need to Know

Students will be able to:

 Identify the different Input and Output devices
 Differentiate

What I Know

Name Date:

Directions: Read each item carefully. Decide the best answer for each item. Encircle the letter of your correct answer

1. Which of the following groups consists of only input devices?

a. Mouse, Keyboard, Monitor
b. Mouse, keyboard, printer
c. Mouse, keyboard, joystick

2. The CRT is in shape.

a. circular
b. rectangular
c. elipse

3. Which of these is a pointing and drop device?

a. scanner
b. mouse
c. printer

4. The device primarily used to provide hardcopy is the

a. CRT
b. Computer Console
c. Printer
d. Card Reader

5. Which of the following groups consists of only output devices?

a. scanner, Keyboard, Monitor
b. speaker, keyboard, printer
c. Monitor, printer, speaker

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 Let’s find out

Computer being a versatile machine can process different types of data. so to work with these
data types we need different type of devices which can help us to enter such data types in the computer and to
receive their outputs as well in this chapter we will cover many such devices like keyboard, mouse, joystick, light pen,
printer, speaker, etc. That can be used with the computer.

Computer is a data processing machine and it needs user’s instructions to perform any job. After processing
the raw facts (called data), it produces useful information for the user. But how do you give data and instructions to
the computer and how it can return the useful information to you.
To do all these, different types of input and output devices can be connected with the computer.

Input Devices:

The devices which are used to give data and instructions to the computer are called Input Devices. Various
types of input devices can be used with the computer depending upon the type of data you want to enter in the
computer, e.g., keyboard, mouse, joystick, light pen, etc.

 Keyboard:

I'm sure that you all know what a keyboard is. A keyboard is what you use to type in
letters, numbers, and other characters. You can type instructions in to your computer, or
you can use the keyboard to type up documents and other papers.

 Mouse:

Mice have been around for some while now. Mice are used to maneuver the cursor on your
computer screen to give instructions to your computer and to run programs and applications.

 Scanner:

Scanners let you put pictures and images onto your computer. They convert pictures and
images to digital form so that you can edit them by using the computer or put them on the
Internet!

 Digital Camera:

Digital cameras are somewhat similar to regular cameras. You can take pictures of people,
places, or things. However, digital cameras convert these pictures to digital form so they can

be used on the computer.

 Joystick: A joystick is an input device consisting of a stick that pivots on a base and
reports its angle or direction to the device it is controlling. Joysticks are often used to
control video games, and usually have one or more push-buttons whose state can also be
read by the computer. A popular variation of the joystick used on modern video game
consoles is the analog stick.

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 Microphone: A device containing a transducer for converting sound waves into electrical signals
that can then be amplified, transmitted, and output through a speaker. See also speaker and
transducer.

 Web Cam : or web camera, is the loosely used term for any camera that generates images
that can be accessed by and displayed on the world wide web through a server. A webcam is
essentially just a camera that is connected to a computer, either directly or wirelessly, and
gathers a series of images for remote display elsewhere. Webcam technology is widely used
by all sorts of people for all sorts of different reasons.

Output Devices:

The devices which are used to display the results or information are called Output Devices. You can view
the output on the monitor or you can print it on a paper using a printer. Monitor and the printer are the commonly
used output devices.

 CRT Monitor:

Your monitor is a fancy term for your computer screen. It displays the programs and
applications you are running.

 Liquid Crystal Displays:

LCDs, or liquid crystal displays, are similar to monitors. They, too, are screens that
display information, programs, and applications! LCDs are generally used on laptop
computers.

 Printer:

Printers let you take documents, pictures, and other files and "print" them out. They
create a hard copy of these files on a piece of paper.

 Speaker:

Computer speakers, or multimedia speakers, are speakers external to a computer that

disable the lower fidelity built-in speaker. They often have a low-power internal amplifier.

 Headset:

A headset is headphones combined with a microphone, or one headphone with a microphone. Headsets provide
the equivalent functionality of a telephone handset with hands-free operation. Headsets
typically have only one speaker like a telephone, but also come with speakers for both
ears.

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 What I Have Learned

Direction. Fill in the blanks. Supply with the missing term that would complete each one. Choose your answer
below and write the answer on the blanks provided.

Joystick hard copy Mouse

input Monitor Scanner
Microphone Output soft copy

Speaker

1. devices are used to give data and instructions to the computer.

2. Keyboard and are the most commonly used input devices.
3. gives sound or voice input to the computer.
4. devices are used to display the result or information on the computer.
5. and the printer are the commonly used output devices.
6. The output seen on the Visual Display Unit is called .
7. The printed copy of the output is called .
8. are used to listen to the music and sounds played by the computer.
9. are often used to control video games, and usually have one or more push-buttons whose state can
also be read by the computer.
10. let you put pictures and images onto your computer.

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 What I Can Do

Direction: Identify the input and output devices on the boxes. Write your answer on the space provided.

1. 7.

2. 8.

3. 9.

4. 10.

5. 11.

6. 12.

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 Post-Test

Directions: Read each item carefully. Decide the best answer for each item. Encircle the letter of your correct
answer

1. What type of device is a Joystick?

a. Input b. Output c.both

2. Which one is output device?

a. mouse b. scanner c. microphone d. monitor

3. What are the commonly used input device?

a. keyboard and speaker c. scanner and printer
b. mouse and keyboard d. monitor and scanner

4.What does monitor do?

a. monitor displays the information of the screen
b. the monitor inputs the data
c. the monitor prints on paper

5. device is used to listen music.

a. printer b. speaker c. microphone d. monitor

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Additional Activities

Direction: Identify the input and output devices on the boxes. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Name Category

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