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Clas 4
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Introduction
to Philosophy
of the Human Person
Quarter I -Module 4
Realizing that the Methods
of Philosophy Lead to Wisdom
and Truth
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Introduction
to Philosophy
of the Human Person
Quarter I -Module 4
Realizing that the Methods
of Philosophy Lead to Wisdom
and Truth
As you read through this module, you will notice the following icons. They will
help you find your way around the module more quickly.
Just remember, this module is not intended to replace textbooks and other
existing learning resources but rather to provide an additional alternative that is
contextualized and resilient to education systems that address the challenges of the
current pandemic.
There are warm-up and exam-style practice questions for every part to give you an idea
of how well you have already grasped the lesson. This also contains topic-based questions for
focused skills to test your understanding of the concepts of the lessons under the Most
Essential Learning Competencies.
Content Standard
➢ The learner demonstrates various ways of doing philosophy.
Performance Standard
➢ The Learner evaluates opinions.
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Before you start in this module, answer the following questions.
Directions: These questions will help you think about the lesson you are about to learn. Circle
the letter of the best answer.
1. Which of the following statement have a clear awareness and understanding of something.
It also comes from validation and provided by facts.
A. Facts C. Logic
B. Knowledge D. Truth
3. Which of the following have the tendency or influence the views of people
A. Belief C. knowledge
B. Explanation D. Truth
4. Which of the following is referring to the statements that assumes a claim is true and provide
reason to support them?
A. Belief C. knowledge
B. Explanation D. Truth
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A. Arguments C. Belief
B. Conclusion D. Explanation
15. Which of the following statements does NOT describe critical thinking?
A. Evaluates opinion
B. Process explanation
C. Analyzing a situation
D. Giving conclusion without investigation.
Congratulations! What is your score? I am sure you will get a higher score after this
lesson!
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Lesson Philosophy Leads to Wisdom
1 and Truth
Philosophy plays an important role in determining the truth. Before we formally begin our
lesson, let’s find out if you still remember your previous lesson in module 3.
Activity: Connect Me
Directions: Match Column B with Column C. Write the letter of your answer in Column A.
Philosophy gives us wisdom. It serves as a tool on how we judge the truthfulness of statements.
Activity: Complete Me
Directions: Write five (5) words that comes to your mind when you hear the word ”wisdom”.
Wisdom
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In the previous lesson you already know the difference of truth and opinion. In this lesson
you are about to realize that the methods of philosophy will lead you to wisdom and truth.
Philosophy emphasizes in critical thinking as one of the major tool in determing the truth.
Logic as one of the branch of philosophy help you to evaluate arguments and resoning while
critical thinking is a process of evaluation which use logic to seperate truth from opinion and
reasonable from unreasonable. Logic and critical thinking is very essential in making good
decisions and finding the truth.
A critical thinker has the ability to think clearly and rationally about what to do or what to
believe.
Wisdom is the ability to use your knowledge and experience in order to make sensible
decisions or judgements.
You need to understand that knowledge plays an important role in determining the truth.
Knowledge is the clear awareness and understanding of something. It comes from validation
and is provided by facts.
1. A belief is true if it can be justified or proven through the use of ones’ senses.
2. A belief or statement is true if it is based on facts.
3. Getting a consensus or having people agree on a common belief.
4. Determining truth requires a person to prove a statement through an action.
5. Claims and beliefs are subjected to test to determine truth.
The above statements gives an idea of how philosophy help you to recognize truth.
However there are different statements that lead you to not knowing the truth. Opinion is a
statement that convinces people that a certain claim is a fact. While conclusion is a judgment
based on a certain facts and also beliefs are statements that express convictions that are not
easily and clearly explained by facts.
You should also aware to the explanation that gives additional ideas and information to
assumes that the claim is true and provide reason why the statement is true. Arguments are
series of statements for you to be convinced that the statements are true.
Philosophy gives importance in arguments since these are used to convey ideas that
influence thinking, actions, and behavior it also leads to either right or wrong judgment or
decisions.
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How are you now after knowing the things that you consider in assessing the truth? Here
is another activity for you to help you learn more about our lesson.
Directions: Put a check on the space provided if you think that the statements are the things
you need to consider in knowing the truth.
Directions: Arrange the scrambled letters in Column A to be able to give the correct
example in Column B. Write your answer in Column C.
_____ 1. Before giving judgment in a certain thing you need to consider the
evidences that you have.
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_____ 2. Claim is not considered as truth until it is proved by facts.
_____ 3. The evidence is very important in knowing the truth.
_____ 4. Explanation helps you in knowing the truthfulfness of a statement.
_____ 5. Facts will lead you to a right judgment.
Directions: Identify what is being described in each number. Choose your answer from
the box below.
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Directions: In the given scenario make at least (five) 5 things that will help Nina in
finding the truth.
Scenario: In the year 2030 a researcher named Nina, wanted to find the truth about
COVID-19 pandemic that happened in year 2019. What do you think Nina will do to
find the truth? Write your answers inside the arrow.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Congratulations for trying your best in accomplishing this lesson.Try to
share the things you have learned with your classmates and friends.
1.Which of the following statement is assumes that what is true of a part is true for the
whole?
A. Begging the question C. Fallacy of composition
B. Cause and effect D. Fallacy of Division
3.Which of the following fallacy shows a person or group connection has a vested
interest in the issue being or to win in arguments?
A. Appeal to tradition C. Cultural Bias
B. Begging the question D. Conflict of interest
5. What kind of statement refers to the personal views of the person presenting it?
A. Appeal to emotion C. Appeal to tradition
B. Ad hominem D. Opinion
6. What kind of fallacy that attacks the person’s character instead of the argument
itself?
A. Ad hominem C. Begging the question
B. Appeal to force D. Conflict of interest
8. What kind of fallacy refers to assuming the thing or idea to be proven is true; also
known as ”circular argument”?
A. Appeal to emotion C. Conflict of interest
B. Begging the question D. Cultural bias
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9. What kind of bias is focuses on a certain aspect of a problem while ignoring other
aspects?
A. Conflict of interest C. Framing
B. Cultural bias D. Hindsight
10. What kind of fallacy is present the idea as acceptable because is okay with it?
11. What kind of fallacy is assumes that what is true for the whole is true for its parts
A. Begging the question C. Fallacy of composition
B. Cause and effect D. Fallacy of division
14. What kind of fallacy is when that the idea is acceptable because it has been true
for a long time?
A. Appeal to emotion C.Appeal to tradition
B.Appeal to popular D.Begging the question
15. What kind of bias has a tendecy to see past events as predictable, or to ascribe
a pattern to historical events?
A. Conflict of interest C. Framing
B. Cultural bias D. Hindsight
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References
Book
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FEEDBACK SLIP
3. Were you guided by anybody from your family while using this
module?
4. Was there any part of this module that you found difficult? If
yes, please specify what it was and why.
None
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