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Group Group Group Diane Phys 121A Lab Professor Towfik Lab 223: Faraday's Law

This document provides the theory, objective, and procedure for an experiment measuring voltage induced in a coil by a changing magnetic field according to Faraday's Law. The objective is to measure the voltage induced in a coil placed in a time-varying magnetic field created by Helmholtz coils connected to a function generator, and compare the measured voltage to the value predicted by Faraday's Law. A small coil with 700 turns will be placed in the magnetic field between the Helmholtz coils to measure the induced voltage, which should follow Faraday's Law formula relating the electromotive force to the time derivative of magnetic flux through the coil. Data on the magnetic field and induced voltage will be collected using probes and LoggerPro software.

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Hillary Avecillas
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112 views

Group Group Group Diane Phys 121A Lab Professor Towfik Lab 223: Faraday's Law

This document provides the theory, objective, and procedure for an experiment measuring voltage induced in a coil by a changing magnetic field according to Faraday's Law. The objective is to measure the voltage induced in a coil placed in a time-varying magnetic field created by Helmholtz coils connected to a function generator, and compare the measured voltage to the value predicted by Faraday's Law. A small coil with 700 turns will be placed in the magnetic field between the Helmholtz coils to measure the induced voltage, which should follow Faraday's Law formula relating the electromotive force to the time derivative of magnetic flux through the coil. Data on the magnetic field and induced voltage will be collected using probes and LoggerPro software.

Uploaded by

Hillary Avecillas
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Group

Group
Group
Diane
Phys 121A lab
Professor towfik
Lab 223: faraday’s law
Objective
To measure the voltage induced in a coil by a changing magnetic field and compare it with the predicted
value by Faraday’s law.

Theory
In this experiment, the voltage induced in a coil by a changing magnetic field B(t) is measured and
compared with the predictions of Faraday’s law.

Magnetic flux through a loop is:

(1) Φ B= ∫ ⃗B ⃗
dA
When the flux through the loop is changing the loop opposes the changes by inducing EMF,
(2) ε =−d Φ B /d t
If a coil made of N turns and cross-section area A is aligned normally with uniform magnetic field B then:
(3) ε =−N ∙ A ∙(d B/d t)
The source of the magnetic field will be a pair of Helmholtz coils connected to a sine function generator.
A small plastic coil form with N = 700 turns of thin wire is placed in the center of the Helmholtz Coils
(see Figure 1). The Helmholtz coils are connected to the function generator to provide a time varying
source of current through the coils. An ammeter is connected in series with the coils to measure the
current through the Helmholtz coils.
Magnetic field created by the two Helmholtz coils with spacing of radius of the coil can be calculated
from equation:
(4) B=8.992 x 10−7 ∙∋¿ R
where N = 320 turns, R (the radius) = 6.8*10 -2 and the current I (read the ammeter) depends on knob
(function generator) position. As the coils are connected to the sine function generator the current I is a
sine function of time t. As a result magnetic field B is a sine function of time t:

(5) B ( t )=B0 sin( ω t )

where ω=2 πf and f is the frequency of the sine wave from the function generator. Thus, electromotive
force ε induced in the small coil is

(1) ε =−d Φ B /d t=−N ∙ A ∙2 πf ∙ B0 ∙ cos (ω t)


In this experiment the magnetic field is measured directly by the magnetic field probe connected to the
DIN1 input of ULI interface and the EMF ε Is measured with the voltage probe connected to the DIN2
input of ULI. LoggerPro software (file) controls data collection. A digital multimeter is also used to
measure the RMS (root-mean-square) voltage output of the small coil (see appendix 1). The meter and the
computer will both give a measure of the output voltage of the coil (remember the difference between
amplitude and RMS value).

Procedure
1. Measure the average diameter of the small coil. This should be the mean distance of the inside
diameter of the windings and the outside diameter of the windings. See the below diagram of the
coil. Computer the average area A of the coil.
2. Connect the two Helmholtz coils in series with 5V output from a DC power supply. Turn the
power on. Using compass needle make sure that the magnetic field B from both coils adds up
(has the same direction).
3. Disconnect the coils from DC power supply. Connect the coils to the sine function generator with
an AC ammeter in series. Do not turn generator on yet.
4. Connect magnetic Field probe to DIN1 and voltage probe to DIN2 of ULI.
5. Open LoggerPro file Lab223. Calibrate both probes (see appendix 2).
6. Insert the small coil centrally between the two Helmholtz coils (they should have the same central
axis). Connect the two output terminals of the small coil to the voltage probe from the “DIN2”
ULI input (see Figure1). Connect the digital multimeter (ac mode) to the coil to measure the RMS
voltage output.
7. Place the magnetic field probe between the Helmholtz coils. The white dot at the end of the probe
must be at the centerline between the Helmholtz coils and must be perpendicular to B lines. Keep
the magnetic field probe as close as possible to the end of the small coil.

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